1
|
Krylova E, Bogomazova A, Kirsanova N, Putintseva A, Gorbacheva N, Prasolova O, Soltynskaya I, Ivanova O. Development and Validation of PCR Diagnostic Assays for Detection of Avibacterium paragallinarum and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. Vet Sci 2023; 11:7. [PMID: 38250913 PMCID: PMC10819020 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PCR is the most effective method for detecting difficult-to-cultivate pathogens and pathogens that are part of mixed infections in animals, such as Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, which causes bird ornithobacteriosis, or Avibacterium paragallinarum, which causes infectious coryza. In this work, we developed and validated two efficient and sensitive diagnostic assays for the rapid and accurate detection of A. paragallinarum and O. rhinotracheale DNA in bacterial isolates and clinical samples using real-time PCR with TaqMan-like probes. When designing the PCR assays, we performed in silico analysis, optimized DNA isolation methods and PCR conditions, and assessed the analytical and diagnostic performance of PCR. We designed primers and probes that have no mismatches with published whole-genome sequences of bacteria. The optimization of conditions showed that the PCR assays are sufficiently robust to changes in temperature and oligonucleotide concentration. The validation showed that the developed assays have high analytical and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. These assays are expected to improve the differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases in chickens and turkeys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Krylova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed (VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Alexandra Bogomazova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed (VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.P.); (O.P.)
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA of Russia (Lopukhin FRCC PCM), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya Kirsanova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed (VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Anastasiya Putintseva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed (VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Natalia Gorbacheva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed (VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Olga Prasolova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed (VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Irina Soltynskaya
- Department of Molecular Biology, Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed (VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Olga Ivanova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed (VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.P.); (O.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Campler MR, Hashish A, Ghanem M, El-Gazzar MM, Arruda AG. Space-Time Patterns of Poultry Pathogens in the USA: A Case Study of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and Pasteurella multocida in Turkey Populations. Pathogens 2023; 12:1004. [PMID: 37623964 PMCID: PMC10460037 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections caused by Ornithobacterium rhinotrachealis (ORT) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) bacteria are significant threats to the poultry industry by causing economic losses and welfare issues. Due to characterization difficulties and underutilization of epidemiological tools, description of the spatio-temporal spread of these diseases in the field is limited. The objectives of this retrospective observational cross-sectional study were to (a) investigate the existence of space-time clusters (hotspots); and (b) investigate the association between genetic similarity and spatial proximity for both pathogens using molecular typing and a recently developed Core-Genome Multilocus Sequencing Typing (cgMLST) scheme. ORT (n = 103) and PM (n = 69) isolates from confirmed disease outbreaks from one commercial company between 2013 and 2021 were obtained from a veterinary diagnostic laboratory, characterized using a cgMLST scheme and visualized using a minimum spanning tree. Spatio-temporal cluster analysis using SaTScanTM and a Spearman's rank correlation were performed to investigate clustering and any association between allelic diversity and geospatial distance. The cgMLST sequencing revealed three allelic clusters for ORT and thirteen clusters for PM. The spatio-temporal analysis revealed two significant clusters for PM, one with a 259.3 km cluster containing six cases between May and July 2018 and a 9 km cluster containing five cases between February 2019 and February 2021. No spatio-temporal clusters were found for ORT. A weak negative correlation between allelic diversity and geospatial distance was observed for ORT (r = -0.04, p < 0.01) and a weak positive correlation was observed for PM (r = 0.11, p < 0.01). This study revealed regional spatio-temporal clusters for PM in commercial turkey sites between 2018 and 2021 and provided additional insight into bacterial strain subgroups and the geographical spread of ORT and PM over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R. Campler
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Amro Hashish
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (A.H.); (M.M.E.-G.)
| | - Mostafa Ghanem
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
| | - Mohamed M. El-Gazzar
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (A.H.); (M.M.E.-G.)
| | - Andréia G. Arruda
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kariithi HM, Suarez DL, Davis JF, Dufour-Zavala L, Olivier TL, Williams-Coplin D, Bakre A, Lee CW. Genome Sequencing and Characterization of an Avian Orthoavulavirus 1 VG/GA-like Isolate with a Unique Fusion Cleavage Site Motif. Avian Dis 2023; 67:33-41. [PMID: 37140109 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
A complete genome sequence of a VG/GA -like strain of avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1) was identified by nontargeted next-generation sequencing of an oropharyngeal swab sample collected from a carcass of a 12-mo-old backyard chicken. The isolate has a fusion (F) protein cleavage site motif consistent with a low virulent AOAV-1, but it has a unique motif with phenylalanine at position 117 (112G-R-Q-G-R↓F117), which is typical for virulent AOAV-1 strains. The one nucleotide difference at the cleavage site compared to other low-virulence viruses made the isolate detectable by F-gene-specific real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) developed as a diagnostic test to specifically detect virulent strains. The mean death time determined in eggs and intracerebral pathogenicity index determined in chickens classified the isolate as lentogenic. This is the first report of a lentogenic VG/GA-like virus with a phenylalanine residue at position 117 of the F protein cleavage site in the United States. In addition to concern for potential pathogenic shift of the virus through additional changes at the cleavage site, our finding warrants increased awareness of diagnosticians of potential false positive F-gene rRT-PCR tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry M. Kariithi
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - David L. Suarez
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - James F. Davis
- Georgia Poultry Laboratory Network, Gainesville, GA 30507
| | | | - Tim L. Olivier
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Dawn Williams-Coplin
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Abhijeet Bakre
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ding X, Zhong X, Yang Y, Zhang G, Si H. Citric Acid and Magnolol Ameliorate Clostridium perfringens Challenge in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040577. [PMID: 36830364 PMCID: PMC9951709 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is a common pathogenic bacterium implicated in the enteric diseases of animals. Each year, the disease is responsible for billions of dollars of losses worldwide. The development of new phytomedicines as alternatives to antibiotics is becoming a new hotspot for treating such diseases. Citric acid (CA) and magnolol (MA) have been shown to have antibacterial, antioxidant, and growth-promoting properties. Here, the bacteriostatic effects of combinations of CA and MA against C. perfringens were investigated, together with their effects on yellow-hair chickens challenged with C. perfringens. It was found that the optimal CA:MA ratio was 50:3, with a dose of 265 μg/mL significantly inhibiting C. perfringens growth, and 530 μg/mL causing significant damage to the bacterial cell morphology. In animal experiments, C. perfringens challenge reduced the growth, damaged the intestinal structure, activated inflammatory signaling, impaired antioxidant capacity, and perturbed the intestinal flora. These effects were alleviated by combined CA-MA treatment. The CA-MA combination was found to inhibit the TLR/Myd88/NF-κB and Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathways. In conclusion, the results suggest the potential of combined CA-MA treatment in alleviating C. perfringens challenge by inhibiting the growth of C. perfringens and affecting the TLR/MyD88/NF-κB and Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xieying Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yunqiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Geyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hongbin Si
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bacterial communities of the oviduct of turkeys. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14884. [PMID: 36050430 PMCID: PMC9436977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial communities in the reproductive tract of avian species play an important role in keeping birds healthy and encouraging growth. Infection can occur during egg formation with pathogens that can be transmitted to the embryo. In this study, we investigated the bacterial composition in the turkey reproductive tract using a taxa identification based on the amplicon sequence of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The microbial composition and relative abundance of bacteria differed between individual birds. Among the 19 phyla detected in turkey oviduct were unique taxa like Planctomycetes or Petescibacteria. Differences in composition of bacterial diversity were found at the family and genus level. Oviducts contained also several genus with well-recognized avian pathogens like Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, and Ornithobacterium. Some of the bacteria described in this study have not been so far identified in turkeys. The objective of this study was to identify bacterial communities in the turkey oviduct and compared the composition of the oviduct with that in chickens broadening the knowledge of the microbial composition in the reproductive tract of poultry.
Collapse
|
6
|
Crosby WB, Woolums AR. Pasteurellaceae. Vet Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119650836.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
7
|
Kursa O, Tomczyk G, Adamska K, Chrzanowska J, Sawicka-Durkalec A. The Microbial Community of the Respiratory Tract of Commercial Chickens and Turkeys. Microorganisms 2022; 10:987. [PMID: 35630431 PMCID: PMC9147466 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract health critically affects the performance of commercial poultry. This report presents data on the microbial community in these organs from a comprehensive study of laying chickens and turkey breeders. The main objective was to characterize and compare the compositions of the respiratory system bacteria isolated from birds of different ages and geographical locations in Poland. Using samples from 28 turkey and 26 chicken flocks, the microbial community was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. There was great variability between flocks. The diversity and abundance of upper respiratory tract (URT) bacteria was greater in chickens than in turkeys. At the phyla level, the URT of the chickens was heavily colonized by Proteobacteria, which represented 66.4% of the total microbiota, while in turkeys, this phylum constituted 42.6% of all bacteria. Firmicutes bacteria were more abundant in turkeys (43.2%) than in chickens (24.1%). The comparison of the respiratory tracts at the family and genus levels showed the diversity and abundance of amplicon sequence variants (ASV) differing markedly between the species. Potentially pathogenic bacteria ASV were identified in the respiratory tract, which are not always associated with clinical signs, but may affect bird productivity and performance. The data obtained, including characterization of the bacterial composition found in the respiratory system, may be useful for developing effective interventions strategies to improve production performance and prevent and control disease in commercial laying chickens and turkeys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia Kursa
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (G.T.); (K.A.); (A.S.-D.)
| | - Grzegorz Tomczyk
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (G.T.); (K.A.); (A.S.-D.)
| | - Karolina Adamska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (G.T.); (K.A.); (A.S.-D.)
| | | | - Anna Sawicka-Durkalec
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (G.T.); (K.A.); (A.S.-D.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Miranda-Carrazco A, Chávez-López C, Ramírez-Villanueva DA, Dendooven L. Bacteria in (vermi)composted organic wastes mostly survive when applied to an arable soil cultivated with wheat (Triticum sp. L.). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:363. [PMID: 35419663 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Composting and vermicomposting are an environmentally friendly way to reduce pathogens in organic wastes and generate a valuable product that provides nutrients for crops. However, how the bacterial community structure changes during these different processes and if the bacteria applied with the (vermi)composted products survive in an arable cultivated soil is still largely unknown. In this study, we monitored how the bacterial community structure changed during conditioning, composting with and without Eisenia fetida, and when the end-product was applied to arable soil cultivated with wheat Triticum sp. L. The organic wastes used were biosolid, cow manure, and a mixture of both. Large changes occurred in the relative abundance of some of the most abundant bacterial genera during conditioning, but the changes were much smaller during composting or vermicomposting. The bacterial community structure was significantly different in the organic wastes during conditioning and (vermi)composting but adding E. fetida had no significant effect on it. Changes in the relative abundance of the bacterial groups in the (vermi)composted waste applied to the arable soil cultivated with wheat were small, suggesting that most survived even after 140 days. As such, applying (vermi)composted organic wastes not only adds nutrients to a crop but also contributes to the survival of plant growth-promoting bacteria found in the (vermi)compost. However, putative human pathogens found in the biosolid also survived in the arable soil, and their relative abundance remained high but mixing the biosolid with cow manure reduced that risk. It was found that applying (vermi)composted organic wastes to an arable soil not only provides plant nutrients and adds bacteria with plant growth-promoting capacities, but some putative pathogens also survived.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Miranda-Carrazco
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Chávez-López
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Luc Dendooven
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Occurrence of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in Polish turkey flocks. J Vet Res 2022; 66:77-84. [PMID: 35582491 PMCID: PMC8959689 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry around the world. The bacterium often affects poultry as part of multiple infections causing very serious clinical signs that are usually not limited only to the respiratory system. This study’s main objective was the retrospective detection and identification of ORT in turkey flocks.
Material and Methods
ORT identification was performed in 6,225 samples taken from 133 different flocks between 2015 and 2020. Molecular methods were used, specifically real-time PCR and traditional PCR. We focused on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates, which were compared with sequences obtained from GenBank. The reaction products were analysed phylogenetically. Molecular methods indicating secondary infections was carried out, and the bacterial composition of the upper respiratory tract was 16S metasequenced for selected flocks to identify any other pathogens.
Results
The presence of ORT was detected in 30.83% of samples by real-time PCR and 28.57% by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of the PCR products from the turkeys samples showed that their sequences resolved into two main genetic groups. Tests for the occurrence of secondary infections showed the presence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae in some samples but the total absence of Bordetella avium. The upper respiratory tract in turkeys was dominated by two major phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. At the genus level, the genera Ornithobacterium, Mycoplasma, Gallibacterium, Avibacterium, and Escherichia-Shigella were found which may include pathogenic bacteria that can cause clinical symptoms.
Conclusion
The results of the analysis of multiple infection carried out in flocks with respiratory signs are probably associated with outbreaks of ornithobacteriosis in turkey flocks in Poland.
Collapse
|
10
|
Leclaire S, Pineaux M, Blanchard P, White J, Hatch SA. Microbiota composition and diversity of multiple body sites vary according to reproductive performance in a seabird. Mol Ecol 2022; 32:2115-2133. [PMID: 35152516 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota is suggested to be a fundamental contributor to host reproduction and survival, but associations between microbiota and fitness are rare, especially for wild animals. Here, we tested the association between microbiota and two proxies of breeding performance in multiple body sites of the black-legged kittiwake, a seabird species. First we found that, in females, nonbreeders (i.e., birds that did not lay eggs) hosted different microbiota composition to that of breeders in neck and flank feathers, in the choanae, in the outer-bill and in the cloacae, but not in preen feathers and tracheae. These differences in microbiota might reflect variations in age or individual quality between breeders and nonbreeders. Second, we found that better female breeders (i.e., with higher body condition, earlier laying date, heavier eggs, larger clutch, and higher hatching success) had lower abundance of several Corynebacteriaceae in cloaca than poorer female breeders, suggesting that these bacteria might be pathogenic. Third, in females, better breeders had different microbiota composition and lower microbiota diversity in feathers, especially in preen feathers. They had also reduced dispersion in microbiota composition across body sites. These results might suggest that good breeding females are able to control their feather microbiota-potentially through preen secretions-more tightly than poor breeding females. We did not find strong evidence for an association between reproductive outcome and microbiota in males. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that natural variation in the microbiota is associated with differences in host fitness in wild animals, but the causal relationships remain to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Leclaire
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) UMR5174 Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier CNRS, IRD Toulouse France
| | - Maxime Pineaux
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) UMR5174 Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier CNRS, IRD Toulouse France
| | - Pierrick Blanchard
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) UMR5174 Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier CNRS, IRD Toulouse France
| | - Joël White
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) UMR5174 Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier CNRS, IRD Toulouse France
- ENSFEA Castanet‐Tolosan France
| | - Scott A Hatch
- Institute for Seabird Research and Conservation Anchorage AK 99516 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Development and Validation of a New TaqMan Real-Time PCR for the Detection of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020341. [PMID: 35208796 PMCID: PMC8875355 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) has been associated with poultry respiratory disease worldwide. The organism is fastidious and isolation is challenging. One TaqMan real-time PCR (qPCR) assay has been developed for the detection of ORT. However, during validating the ORT qPCR, the assay performance was suboptimal. During the in silico evaluation, deviations from the basic parameters for primers and probes designs (e.g., presence of stable undesirable primer-dimers) were observed. The suboptimal design led to low efficiency and low sensitivity of the assay. Initially, modification on the probe was carried out to improve the performance of the assay. However, the assay’s performance (efficiency and sensitivity) was still suboptimal. In this manuscript, we describe the development of a new qPCR assay and the comparison of its performance with the currently available assay. A highly efficient, sensitive, and specific qPCR assay was developed with approximately 1000-folds reduction in the limit of detection (from 3 × 106 plasmid DNA copies/mL to 1 × 103 plasmid DNA copies/mL). Additionally, the efficiency of the new assay (E = 98.70%) was significantly better than the current assay (E = 73.18%). The newly developed assay is an improved diagnostic tool for the sensitive and efficient diagnosis of ORT from clinical samples.
Collapse
|
12
|
Asadi N, Bozorgmehri-Fard MH, Seifi S, Khoshbakht R, Sheikhi N. Isolation, characterization, and genotyping of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolated from broiler and broiler breeder flocks in Mazandaran province, Northern Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2022; 23:32-38. [PMID: 35782350 PMCID: PMC9238932 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2021.41729.6074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria which cause significant economic losses in poultry breeder countries every year. Aims: The present study was conducted to isolate and investigate the ORT isolates' biochemical, antibiotic resistance, and genotypic characteristics of in industrial poultry flocks with respiratory signs in northern Iran. METHODS After sampling from 60 different flocks and cultivation of the samples on a selective medium, suspected colonies were subjected to biochemical and molecular identification of ORT. Then, confirmed isolates were aimed to antibiotic resistance assay, hemagglutination test, detection of pOR1 plasmid, and DNA fingerprinting to survey the variability of the isolates. RESULTS A total of 13 isolates, including seven isolates from broiler flocks (19.44%) and six isolates from broiler breeder flocks (25%) were obtained. Almost all isolates showed similar results in terms of basically important biochemical tests. The most resistance rates among all ORT isolates were obtained for ampicillin, erythromycin, ceftriaxone, and penicillin (100%). The majority of ORT isolates were susceptible to furazolidone. The pOR1 plasmid was detected in only two isolates, and analysis of the DNA fingerprinting phylogenetic tree showed four specific genotypic clusters. CONCLUSION According to the results, the isolates showed different antibiotic resistance profiles, and most of the strains proved multiresistant. This can indicate the circulation of various multi-drug resistant strains among poultry farms in northern Iran. Isolates from broilers and broiler breeders were grouped into different clusters by genotyping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Asadi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. H. Bozorgmehri-Fard
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S. Seifi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - R. Khoshbakht
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - N. Sheikhi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Al-Hasan BA, Alhatami AO, Abdulwahab HM, Bustani GS, Wahab Alkuwaity EA. The first isolation and detection of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from swollen head syndrome-infected broiler flocks in Iraq. Vet World 2021; 14:2346-2355. [PMID: 34840453 PMCID: PMC8613788 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2346-2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The swollen head syndrome (SHS) makes up complex diseases that infect the upper respiratory tract in poultry and causes several economic losses. Furthermore, this syndrome is considered one of the multifactorial etiological agents. Therefore, this study isolated and molecularly detected Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) in poultry. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at 67 broiler farms that had birds observed to be infected with the SHS from September 2018 until August 2019. Subsequently, swabs were collected from their trachea, infraorbital sinuses, and lungs, after which obtained samples were treated through two methods: (a) The direct method, by uploading samples on FTA cards, and the indirect method using a transport media. Afterward, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the directly treated samples; howeverAQ1, the culture method, followed by PCR, was used to analyze the indirectly treated samples. Next, a partial 16S RNA gene was isolated using four positive PCR products, after which the effect of 16 antibiotics was studied on the seven local ORT strains isolated. Results: The quantity of ORT isolated using the direct method was 28 (41.7%) samples, which were all positive for the strain. Identification was by direct molecular identification (RT-PCR) from samples loaded on FTA cards. Alternatively, 7 (10.4%) ORTs were detected from the indirect method, as obtained using the culture method and biochemical tests. Then, PCR was subsequently used to confirm the results. As observed, 784 bp bands were shown for all seven ORT isolates. Furthermore, results revealed a significant difference in the detection of ORT strains between direct and indirect methods, with p-value (<0.05) and standard deviation of the error±0.038 for the direct, then ±0.061 for the indirect method. For further analysis on the strain types, four 784 bp PCR products were taken, then partial 16S ribosomal sequence typing was conducted. All these four strains were found to be recorded in NCBI for the 1st time as a local Iraqi strain, with accession numbers (MN931657, MN931656, MN931655, and MN931654). Notably, results also showed that all isolated strains were multidrug-resistant. Conclusion: From the results, ORT is proposed to be implicated as one of the etiological factors that cause SHSs in poultry. Phylogenetic analysis of the current ORT bacterial strains also showed that they are closely related to the Egyptian isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baraa Akeel Al-Hasan
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Abdullah O Alhatami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | | | - Ghadeer Sabah Bustani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Nursing, Altoosi University College, Najaf, Iraq.,Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Eman Abdul Wahab Alkuwaity
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jabir Ibn Hayyan Medical University, Najaf, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li F, Zhao W, Hong Q, Shao Q, Song J, Yang S. Faecalibacter bovis sp. nov., isolated from cow faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34788211 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, yellow-pigmented, aerobic, pleomorphic rod-shaped bacterium, designated ZY171143T, was isolated from faeces of a cow with diarrhoea in Wenshan, Yunnan Province, south-west China and its taxonomic position was studied. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ZY171143T belonged to the family Weeksellaceae and was most closely related to the only species of the genus Faecalibacter, Faecalibacter macacae CCTCC AB 2016016T with a sequence similarity of 97.8 %. The genomic OrthoANI and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the strain and F. macacae CCTCC AB 2016016T were 86.2 and 30.5 %, respectively. The genomic G+C content was 31.1 mol%. The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were C15 : 0 iso, C17 : 0 iso 3OH, C16 : 0, C16 : 1 ω5c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or 16 : 1 ω6c). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, triacylglycerol and sulfonolipid. The sole respiratory quinone was MK-6. These chemotaxonomic characterizations also revealed that strain ZY171143T was a member of the genus Faecalibacter. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, strain ZY171143T represents a novel species within the genus Faecalibacter, for which the name Faecalibacter bovis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZY171143T (=CGMCC 1.13663T=KCTC 62642T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiang Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, PR China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, PR China
| | - Qionghua Hong
- Yunnan Provincial Meat Caprine Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, PR China
| | - Qingyong Shao
- Yunnan Provincial Meat Caprine Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, PR China
| | - Jianling Song
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, PR China
| | - Shibiao Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
El-Ghany WAA. An updated comprehensive review on ornithobacteriosis: A worldwide emerging avian respiratory disease. Open Vet J 2021; 11:555-568. [PMID: 35070850 PMCID: PMC8770186 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ornithobacteriosis is an important emerging respiratory disease of domestic and wild birds caused by Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) bacterium. The disease has been detected in some countries since 1980, which rapidly spread worldwide later on. Ornithobacteriosis can transmit either horizontally or even vertically. Infection with ORT is mainly characterized by respiratory distress, poor performance, acute death, and a drop in egg production. However, the most characteristic necropsy lesions of dead turkeys and chickens are yoghurt like airsacculitis and pneumonia, usually unilateral. Unfortunately, infection with ORT was misdiagnosed in most of the poultry flocks due to similarity with other respiratory pathogens and the lack of the ideal protocols for diagnosis. Recently, some molecular and serological techniques have been used to detect the infection. Treatment of ORT with antibiotics is very difficult and variable as a result of acquired resistance. Many vaccines have been developed to counteract such infection in broiler, layers, and breeder chicken and turkey flocks. Inactivated, live, and sub-unit vaccines have been used with satisfactory results. Thus, this review paper aimed to address ornithobacteriosis, emphasizing the distribution, transmission, clinical picture, diagnosis, and disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alispahic M, Endler L, Hess M, Hess C. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: MALDI-TOF MS and Whole Genome Sequencing Confirm That Serotypes K, L and M Deviate from Well-Known Reference Strains and Numerous Field Isolates. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051006. [PMID: 34067063 PMCID: PMC8151311 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is one of the most important bacterial agents of respiratory diseases in poultry. For correct identification and characterization of this fastidious bacterium, reliable diagnostic tools are essential. Still, phenotypic tests are used to identify O. rhinotracheale and serotyping is the most common method for characterization, despite known drawbacks and disadvantages such as divergent results, cross-reactivity between strains, or the non-typeability of strains. The intention of the present study was to evaluate MALDI-TOF MS and whole genome sequencing for the identification and characterization of O. rhinotracheale. For this purpose, a selection of 59 well-defined reference strains and 47 field strains derived from outbreaks on Austrian turkey farms were investigated by MALDI-TOF MS. The field strains originated from different geographical areas in Austria with some of the isolates derived from multiple outbreaks on farms within a year, or recurrent outbreaks over several years. MALDI-TOF MS proved a suitable method for identification of O. rhinotracheale to genus or species level except for 3 strains representing serotypes M, K and F. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most strains grouped within one cluster even though they were comprised of different serotypes, while serotypes F, K, and M clearly formed a different cluster. All field isolates from turkey farms clustered together, independent of the origin of the isolates, e.g., geographical area, multiple outbreaks within a year or recurrent outbreaks over several years. Whole genome sequencing of serotype M, K and F strains confirmed the extraordinary status and deviation from known fully-sequenced strains due to a lack of sequence similarity. This was further confirmed by alignments of single genes (16S-RNA and rpoB) and multilocus sequence typing although the demarcation was less obvious. Altogether, the results indicate that these three serotypes belong to a different species than O. rhinotracheale, and might even be members of multiple new species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merima Alispahic
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-25077-4710; Fax: +43-1-25077-5192
| | - Lukas Endler
- Platform Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Claudia Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (C.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Detection of Laryngotracheitis Virus in Poultry Flocks with Respiratory Disorders in Slovenia. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040707. [PMID: 33921858 PMCID: PMC8072874 DOI: 10.3390/v13040707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute, highly contagious infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract in chickens and other poultry species that causes significant economic losses in countries worldwide. Between 2017 and 2019, seven outbreaks of mild to severe respiratory disorders with high suspicion of ILT occurred in commercial and backyard poultry flocks in Slovenia. In all submissions, infection with ILT virus (ILTV) was confirmed by PCR, which is the first report of ILT in Slovenia. Circulating ILT strains were characterized by the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of two fragments of the ICP4 gene. Four strains—three detected in non-vaccinated flocks and one in a flock vaccinated against ILT—were identical or very similar to the chicken embryo–origin live virus vaccines, and the other three were closely related to Russian, Chinese, Australian, and American field strains and to tissue culture origin vaccine strains. As in other diseases, coinfections with other respiratory pathogens in confirmed ILT cases may cause a more severe condition and prolong the course of the disease. In our study, coinfections with Mycoplasma synoviae (7/7 tested flocks), infectious bronchitis virus (5/5 tested flocks), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (4/7 tested flocks), Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (3/4 tested flocks), and avian pox virus (1/2 tested flocks) were confirmed, indicating the importance of these pathogens in the occurrence of ILT infections.
Collapse
|
18
|
Borysevych BV, Dukhnytskyj VB, Tyshkivska AM, Tyshkivsky MY, Tyshkivska NV. Microscopic changes in the organs of broiler chickens with Ornithobacterium rhinotra-cheale infection. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays ornithobacteriosis is widespread among industrial poultry in Ukraine and the world. The disease leads to significant economic losses. The large variation in the serotypes of the bacteria complicates the treatment of the disease. The study of microscopic changes that occur in organs during ornithobacteriosis will help to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease development. Ornithobacteriosis was diagnosed in clinically sick broiler chickens by bacteriological studies using Maldi Tof mass-spectrometry. As a result of the antibiotic sensitivity test, the pathogen was found to be sensitive to doxycycline, tilmicosin, rifampicin, cefazolin, amoxiclav and benzylpenicillin. Histological studies of internal organs – trachea, lungs, heart, kidneys, liver and spleen – were carried out. It was found that with spontaneous ornithobacteriosis of broiler chickens, the most expressive microscopic changes occur in the respiratory organs – the lungs and trachea and are characterized by a decrease in the lumen of the parabronchials due to edema of their walls and infiltration with lymphocytes, the absence of epithelium on the surface of the parabronchials, narrowing of the air capillaries of the parabronchial complexes, hemorrhages in the parenchyma of the parabronchial complexes, vasodilatation of the lung vessels and overflow of their blood vessels with blood cells, edema around the epithelium trachea, destruction of part of the tracheal mucosa epithelial cells, edema of its submucosa, expansion and overflow of blood vessels of the mucous membrane with blood cells. In the spleen there was a uniform diffuse edema of the parenchyma and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the lymphoid follicles; in the kidneys – expansion and overflow of the stroma blood vessels, uneven edema of the glomeruli of one part of the renal corpuscles and destruction of the glomeruli of another, granular degeneration of the convoluted and straight tubules of the kidneys; in the liver – edema, hemorrhage, violation of the hepatic lobules’ structure, expansion of the hepatic veins, granular degeneration of hepatocytes or their destruction; in the heart – edema of the myocardial interstitium, muscle fibers’ granular dystrophy, fragmentation of muscle fibers as a result of their rupture. Histological research of ORT infected chickens will lead to a better understanding the mechanism of pathological changes at the microscopic level, which will facilitate the development of more effective methods of treatment and prevention of the disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Beyene TJ, Lee CW, Lossie G, El-Gazzar MM, Arruda AG. Poultry Professionals' Perception of Participation in Voluntary Disease Mapping and Monitoring Programs in the United States: A Cluster Analysis. Avian Dis 2020; 65:67-76. [PMID: 34339125 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development and implementation of disease mapping and monitoring programs can be useful tools for rapid communication and control of endemic and epidemic infectious diseases affecting the food animal industry. Commercial livestock producers have traditionally been reluctant to share information related to animal health, challenging the large-scale implementation of such monitoring and mapping programs. The main objective of this study was to assess the perception of poultry professionals toward disease mapping and monitoring programs and to identify groups of poultry professionals with similar perceptions and attitudes toward these projects. We conducted a survey to identify the perceived risks and benefits to be able to properly address them and encourage industry participation in the future. An anonymous online survey was developed and distributed to poultry professionals through industry and professional associations. The participant's demographic information and perceptions of risk and benefits from participation on voluntary poultry disease mapping and monitoring programs were collected. Multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering on principal components were performed to identify groups of professionals with similar characteristics. A total of 63 participants from 21 states filled out the survey. The cluster analysis yielded two distinct groups of respondents, each including approximately 50% of respondents. Cluster 1 subjects could be characterized as optimistic, perceiving major benefits of sharing farm-level poultry disease information. However, they also had major concerns, mostly related to potential accidental data release and providing competitive advantages to rival companies. Cluster 2 subjects were characterized as perceiving a lesser degree of benefits from sharing farm-level poultry disease information. This second cluster mostly included production and service technicians. The roles and perceptions of risk and benefits of the participants contributed significantly to cluster assignment, while the represented commodity and geographic location in the United States did not. Successful development of voluntary poultry disease mapping and monitoring programs in the future will require that different sectors of poultry professionals be approached in different manners in order to highlight the benefits of the programs and to achieve maximum participation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T J Beyene
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - C W Lee
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210.,Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691
| | - G Lossie
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN
| | - M M El-Gazzar
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - A G Arruda
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yen NTP, Nhung NT, Van NTB, Cuong NV, Kiet BT, Phu DH, Hien VB, Campbell J, Chansiripornchai N, E. Thwaites G, Carrique-Mas JJ. Characterizing Antimicrobial Resistance in Chicken Pathogens: A Step towards Improved Antimicrobial Stewardship in Poultry Production in Vietnam. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080499. [PMID: 32784954 PMCID: PMC7460290 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, farmers use large quantities of antimicrobials to raise small-scale chicken flocks, often including active ingredients regarded of “critical importance’” by the World Health Organization. Due to limitations in laboratory capacity, the choice of antimicrobials normally does not follow any empirical criteria of effectiveness. The aim of this study was to highlight non-critically important antimicrobials against which chicken pathogens are likely to be susceptible as a basis for treatment guidelines. Microtiter broth dilution method was performed to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12 commonly used antimicrobials for 58 isolates, including Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) (n = 22), Gallibacterium anatis (n = 19), and Avibacterium endocarditidis (n = 17). Unfortunately, internationally accepted breakpoints for resistance in these organisms do not exist. We drew tentative epidemiological cut-offs (TECOFFs) for those antimicrobial-pathogen combinations where MIC distributions suggested the presence of a distinct non-wild-type population. Based on the observed results, doxycycline would be the drug of choice for A.endocarditidis (11.8% presumptive non-wild type) and G. anatis infections (5.3% presumptive non-wild type). A total of 13.6% ORT isolates were non-wild type with regards to oxytetracycline, making it the drug of choice against this pathogen. This study illustrates the challenges in interpreting susceptibility testing results and the need to establish internationally accepted breakpoints for veterinary pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Phuong Yen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.T.P.Y.); (N.T.N.); (N.T.B.V.); (N.V.C.); (D.H.P.); (J.C.); (G.E.T.)
| | - Nguyen Thi Nhung
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.T.P.Y.); (N.T.N.); (N.T.B.V.); (N.V.C.); (D.H.P.); (J.C.); (G.E.T.)
| | - Nguyen Thi Bich Van
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.T.P.Y.); (N.T.N.); (N.T.B.V.); (N.V.C.); (D.H.P.); (J.C.); (G.E.T.)
| | - Nguyen Van Cuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.T.P.Y.); (N.T.N.); (N.T.B.V.); (N.V.C.); (D.H.P.); (J.C.); (G.E.T.)
| | - Bach Tuan Kiet
- Sub-Department of Animal Health and Production, Dong Thap 81000, Vietnam; (B.T.K.); (V.B.H.)
| | - Doan Hoang Phu
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.T.P.Y.); (N.T.N.); (N.T.B.V.); (N.V.C.); (D.H.P.); (J.C.); (G.E.T.)
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | - Vo Be Hien
- Sub-Department of Animal Health and Production, Dong Thap 81000, Vietnam; (B.T.K.); (V.B.H.)
| | - James Campbell
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.T.P.Y.); (N.T.N.); (N.T.B.V.); (N.V.C.); (D.H.P.); (J.C.); (G.E.T.)
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | | | - Guy E. Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.T.P.Y.); (N.T.N.); (N.T.B.V.); (N.V.C.); (D.H.P.); (J.C.); (G.E.T.)
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Juan J. Carrique-Mas
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.T.P.Y.); (N.T.N.); (N.T.B.V.); (N.V.C.); (D.H.P.); (J.C.); (G.E.T.)
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|