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Ding J, Wang Y, Liang J, He Z, Zhai C, He Y, Xu J, Lei L, Mu J, Zheng M, Liu B, Shi M. Spatiotemporal pattern and suitable areas analysis of equine influenza in global scale (2005-2022). Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1395327. [PMID: 38887536 PMCID: PMC11182002 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1395327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Equine influenza (EI) is a severe infectious disease that causes huge economic losses to the horse industry. Spatial epidemiology technology can explore the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and occurrence risks of infectious diseases, it has played an important role in the prevention and control of major infectious diseases in humans and animals. For the first time, this study conducted a systematic analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of EI using SaTScan software and investigated the important environmental variables and suitable areas for EI occurrence using the Maxent model. A total of 517 occurrences of EI from 2005 to 2022 were evaluated, and 14 significant spatiotemporal clusters were identified. Furthermore, a Maxent model was successfully established with high prediction accuracy (AUC = 0.920 ± 0.008). The results indicated that annual average ultraviolet radiation, horse density, and precipitation of the coldest quarter were the three most important environmental variables affecting EI occurrence. The suitable areas for EI occurrence are widely distributed across all continents, especially in Asia (India, Mongolia, and China) and the Americas (Brazil, Uruguay, USA, and Mexico). In the future, these suitable areas will expand and move eastward. The largest expansion is predicted under SSP126 scenarios, while the opposite trend will be observed under SSP585 scenarios. This study presents the spatial epidemiological characteristics of EI for the first time. The results could provide valuable scientific insights that can effectively inform prevention and control strategies in regions at risk of EI worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Nanning New Technology Entrepreneur Center, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinjiao Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenhuan He
- Shenyang Zhengda Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Changhong Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yinghao He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiayin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Boyang Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingxian Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Dhakal T, Kim TS, Kim SH, Tiwari S, Kim JY, Jang GS, Lee DH. Distribution of sika deer (Cervus nippon) and the bioclimatic impact on their habitats in South Korea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19040. [PMID: 37923751 PMCID: PMC10624661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive species and climate change are primary factors influencing biodiversity, and examining the behavior of invasive species is essential for effective conservation management. Here, we report the global distribution of the sika deer (Cervus nippon) based on locations reported in published literature (Google Scholar), the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature report. We used the maximum entropy (Maxent) model to examine the impact of climate change on sika deer habitats in South Korea based on GBIF occurrence data and WorldClim bioclimatic variables. Habitat suitability analysis was performed using the Maxent model under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 (for predicted climatic conditions in both 2050 and 2070) to project the effects of different climate change scenarios on South Korean sika deer habitats. We identified that the sika deer is distributed in 39 countries worldwide. Due to climate change effects, South Korean sika deer habitats will decline by approximately 24.98% and 20.63% (under RCP 4.5) and by 50.51% and 57.35% (under RCP 8.5) by 2050 and 2070, respectively. Our findings shed light on sika deer ecology and provide reference data for future conservation management strategies and policy design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thakur Dhakal
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Su Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Shraddha Tiwari
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Gab-Sue Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do-Hun Lee
- National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, 33657, Republic of Korea.
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Zakharova OI, Korennoy FI, Yashin IV, Burova OA, Liskova EA, Gladkova NA, Razheva IV, Blokhin AA. Spatiotemporal Patterns of African Swine Fever in Wild Boar in the Russian Federation (2007-2022): Using Clustering Tools for Revealing High-Risk Areas. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3081. [PMID: 37835687 PMCID: PMC10571777 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious disease that affects both domestic pigs (DPs) and wild boar (WB). The WB population plays an important role in the spread of ASF as the WB acts as a natural reservoir of the virus and transmits it to other susceptible wild and domestic pigs. Our study was aimed at revealing the areas with a high concentration of the WB population, and their potential relationships with the grouping of ASF cases in WB during the course of the ASF spread in the Russian Federation (2007-2022). We collected the annual data on WB numbers by municipalities within the regions of the most intensive ASF spread. We then conducted spatiotemporal analysis to identify clustering areas of ASF cases and compare them with the territories with a high density of WB population. We found that some of the territories with elevated ASF incidence in WB demonstrated spatial and temporal coincidence with the areas with a high WB population density. We also visualized the zones ("emerging hot spots") with a statistically significant rise in the WB population density in recent years, which may be treated as areas of paramount importance for the application of surveillance measures and WB population control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I. Zakharova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (F.I.K.); (I.V.Y.); (O.A.B.); (E.A.L.); (N.A.G.); (I.V.R.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Fedor I. Korennoy
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (F.I.K.); (I.V.Y.); (O.A.B.); (E.A.L.); (N.A.G.); (I.V.R.); (A.A.B.)
- Federal Center for Animal Health (FGBI ARRIAH), Vladimir 600901, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Yashin
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (F.I.K.); (I.V.Y.); (O.A.B.); (E.A.L.); (N.A.G.); (I.V.R.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Olga A. Burova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (F.I.K.); (I.V.Y.); (O.A.B.); (E.A.L.); (N.A.G.); (I.V.R.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Elena A. Liskova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (F.I.K.); (I.V.Y.); (O.A.B.); (E.A.L.); (N.A.G.); (I.V.R.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Nadezhda A. Gladkova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (F.I.K.); (I.V.Y.); (O.A.B.); (E.A.L.); (N.A.G.); (I.V.R.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Irina V. Razheva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (F.I.K.); (I.V.Y.); (O.A.B.); (E.A.L.); (N.A.G.); (I.V.R.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Andrey A. Blokhin
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (F.I.K.); (I.V.Y.); (O.A.B.); (E.A.L.); (N.A.G.); (I.V.R.); (A.A.B.)
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Loundras EA, Netherton CL, Flannery J, Bowes MJ, Dixon L, Batten C. The Effect of Temperature on the Stability of African Swine Fever Virus BA71V Isolate in Environmental Water Samples. Pathogens 2023; 12:1022. [PMID: 37623982 PMCID: PMC10459264 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is known to be very stable and can remain infectious over long periods of time especially at low temperatures and within different matrices, particularly those containing animal-derived organic material. However, there are some gaps in our knowledge pertaining to the survivability and infectivity of ASFV in groundwater. This study aims to determine the stability and infectivity of the cell culture-adapted ASFV strain BA71V by plaque assay after incubation of the virus within river water samples at three different environmentally relevant temperatures (4 °C, 15 °C, and 21 °C) over the course of 42 days. The results from this study indicate that ASFV can remain stable and infectious when maintained at 4 °C in river water for more than 42 days, but as incubation temperatures are increased, the stability is reduced, and the virus is no longer able to form plaques after 28 days and 14 days, respectively, when stored at 15 °C and 21 °C. Characterizing the survivability of ASFV in groundwater can allow us to develop more appropriate inactivation and disinfection methods to support disease control and mitigate ASFV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni-Anna Loundras
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (E.-A.L.); (C.L.N.); (J.F.); (L.D.)
| | - Christopher L. Netherton
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (E.-A.L.); (C.L.N.); (J.F.); (L.D.)
| | - John Flannery
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (E.-A.L.); (C.L.N.); (J.F.); (L.D.)
- Department of Animal Health, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone Campus, N37HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Bowes
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford Oxon OX10 8BB, UK;
| | - Linda Dixon
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (E.-A.L.); (C.L.N.); (J.F.); (L.D.)
| | - Carrie Batten
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (E.-A.L.); (C.L.N.); (J.F.); (L.D.)
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Fan M, Bian L, Tian X, Hu Z, Wu W, Sun L, Yuan G, Li S, Yue L, Wang Y, Wu L, Wang Y, Yan Z, Ren J, Li X. Infection characteristics of porcine circovirus type 2 in different herds from intensive farms in China, 2022. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1187753. [PMID: 37397003 PMCID: PMC10311082 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1187753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary etiological agent of porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD), which are widespread in most pig herds, causing huge economic losses in the global pig industry. Therefore, it is critical to assess the infection characteristics of PCV2 in different swine herds to develop effective strategies against PCVD. Methods In this study, routine diagnostic and monitoring protocols were used to collect 12,714 samples from intensive farms in China, and PCV2 was tested for by qPCR to determine positivity rates and viral loads in samples from different herds and materials. Results PCV2 was found to be prevalent throughout China, and fattening farms had higher positivity rates than breeding farms. The PCV2 positivity rates in breeding farms in Southern China were higher than those in Northern China. Growing-finishing pigs demonstrated the highest positivity rate in the tested samples, while pre-weaning piglets and adult sows had the lowest. Meanwhile, samples with viral loads exceeding 106 copies/mL in growing-finishing pigs had 27.2% positivity, compared to 1.9% and 3.3% in sows and piglets, respectively. The results of the viral loads in the serum samples followed a similar trend. Discussion The findings reveal that PCV2 circulates in different herds from intensive farms, with positivity increasing from pre-weaning to growing-finishing herds. It is urgent to develop effective strategies to reduce PCV2 positivity in growing-finishing herds and prevent viral circulation among pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Fan
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
- Shandong Swine Health Data and Intelligent Monitoring Project Laboratory, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Lujie Bian
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Tian
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| | - Weisheng Wu
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
| | - Leilei Sun
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | | | | | - Lei Yue
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| | - Yongquan Wang
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Shandong Swine Health Data and Intelligent Monitoring Project Laboratory, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
- Shandong Swine Health Data and Intelligent Monitoring Project Laboratory, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
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