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Martins LCT, Guimarães JB, Ferraz HT, de Oliveira FA, Gomes LDS, Chafes CJC, Santos TDCC, Ogliari K, de Moraes RS, Ribeiro D, Ramos DGDS, Rocha TASDS, Regalin D. Assessing the Analgesic Efficacy of Lumbosacral Epidural Morphine in Cats Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy: A Comparative Study of Two Doses. Vet Sci 2024; 11:360. [PMID: 39195814 PMCID: PMC11358909 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11080360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioids are administered epidurally (PV) to provide trans- and postoperative analgesia. Twenty healthy female cats aged between 6 and 24 months and weighing between 2 and 3.7 kg, undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy (OVH), were induced with propofol (8 mg/kg), followed by continuous infusion (0.1-0.4 mg/kg/min). Three groups were defined: CG (0.1 mL/kg of iodinated contrast, n = 6), G0.1 (0.1 mg/kg of morphine, n = 7), and G0.2 (0.2 mg/kg of morphine, n = 7) per VP. All received 0.1 mL/kg of iodinated contrast per VP and injection water to obtain a total of 0.3 mL/kg. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), temperature, expired CO2, oxygen saturation, and number of rescue analgesics were monitored. Postoperatively, a multidimensional scale was used to assess acute pain in cats for 12 h. The mean HR and SBP in the CG were higher at the time of maximum noxious stimulation and required fentanyl in all groups. Postoperatively, 83%, 28%, and 7% of the animals in CG, G0.1, and G0.2, respectively, received rescue analgesia. In cats undergoing OVH, epidural morphine at doses of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg did not prevent the need for intraoperative rescue analgesia but reduced the postoperative analgesic needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludimilla C. T. Martins
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Bioscience, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Jataí 75804-068, Brazil; (L.C.T.M.); (J.B.G.); (H.T.F.); (C.J.C.C.); (T.d.C.C.S.); (K.O.); (D.G.d.S.R.); (T.A.S.d.S.R.)
| | - Jéssica B. Guimarães
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Bioscience, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Jataí 75804-068, Brazil; (L.C.T.M.); (J.B.G.); (H.T.F.); (C.J.C.C.); (T.d.C.C.S.); (K.O.); (D.G.d.S.R.); (T.A.S.d.S.R.)
| | - Henrique T. Ferraz
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Bioscience, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Jataí 75804-068, Brazil; (L.C.T.M.); (J.B.G.); (H.T.F.); (C.J.C.C.); (T.d.C.C.S.); (K.O.); (D.G.d.S.R.); (T.A.S.d.S.R.)
| | | | - Leidiane de S. Gomes
- Residency in Clinics and Surgery of Companion Animals, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil;
| | - Clóvis Júnior C. Chafes
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Bioscience, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Jataí 75804-068, Brazil; (L.C.T.M.); (J.B.G.); (H.T.F.); (C.J.C.C.); (T.d.C.C.S.); (K.O.); (D.G.d.S.R.); (T.A.S.d.S.R.)
| | - Thalita de C. C. Santos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Bioscience, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Jataí 75804-068, Brazil; (L.C.T.M.); (J.B.G.); (H.T.F.); (C.J.C.C.); (T.d.C.C.S.); (K.O.); (D.G.d.S.R.); (T.A.S.d.S.R.)
| | - Kaline Ogliari
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Bioscience, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Jataí 75804-068, Brazil; (L.C.T.M.); (J.B.G.); (H.T.F.); (C.J.C.C.); (T.d.C.C.S.); (K.O.); (D.G.d.S.R.); (T.A.S.d.S.R.)
| | - Reiner S. de Moraes
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (R.S.d.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Diego Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (R.S.d.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Dirceu Guilherme de Souza Ramos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Bioscience, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Jataí 75804-068, Brazil; (L.C.T.M.); (J.B.G.); (H.T.F.); (C.J.C.C.); (T.d.C.C.S.); (K.O.); (D.G.d.S.R.); (T.A.S.d.S.R.)
| | - Thiago André S. de S. Rocha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Bioscience, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Jataí 75804-068, Brazil; (L.C.T.M.); (J.B.G.); (H.T.F.); (C.J.C.C.); (T.d.C.C.S.); (K.O.); (D.G.d.S.R.); (T.A.S.d.S.R.)
| | - Doughlas Regalin
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Bioscience, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Jataí 75804-068, Brazil; (L.C.T.M.); (J.B.G.); (H.T.F.); (C.J.C.C.); (T.d.C.C.S.); (K.O.); (D.G.d.S.R.); (T.A.S.d.S.R.)
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Martins J, Eliseu A, Campos S, Ribeiro L, Otero P, Cabral P, Colaço B, dos-Santos JD. Can a Sacrococcygeal Epidural of 0.25% Bupivacaine Prevent the Activation of the Sympathetic Nervous System during Feline Ovariectomy? Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1732. [PMID: 38929350 PMCID: PMC11200459 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ovariectomy (OVE) procedure can trigger somatosensory and visceral peritoneal nociception. Sacrococcygeal epidural (ScE) anesthesia may complement or replace systemic analgesia used for feline OVE, reducing opioid consumption and their related undesirable adverse effects and consequently reducing or completely blocking the sympathetic nervous system activation during this procedure. The present study aimed to evaluate the activation of the sympathetic nervous system resulting from adding an ScE injection of bupivacaine 0.25% (0.3 mL kg-1) in feline OVE and identify whether this translates to hemodynamic variables stability. A Parasympathetic Tone Activity (PTA) monitor was applied given that it performs analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) detecting changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic tone, making it a good tool for detecting activation of the sympathetic nervous system during the study. Two groups of animals were evaluated in five perioperative times, namely, the control group (CG) (n = 18) with systemic analgesia alone and the sacrococcygeal epidural group (ScEG) (n = 20) with 0.25% bupivacaine combined with systemic analgesia. Thirty-eight female cats were selected. All animals assigned to CG and ScEG were premedicated with dexmedetomidine (20 μg kg-1 IM) and methadone (0.2 mg kg-1 IM). General anesthesia was induced with propofol IV ad effectum and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. Heart rate, non-invasive systolic and median blood pressure, respiratory rate, and instantaneous parasympathetic tone activity were recorded. Compared to systemic analgesia alone (CG), sacrococcygeal epidural (ScEG) reduced the rise of common hemodynamic variables but did not prevent sympathetic nervous system activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Martins
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Lisbon, Lusófona University-Lisbon University Center, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.E.); (S.C.); (L.R.); (P.C.); (J.D.d.-S.)
- Veterinary and Animal Research Center (CECAV), Lusófona University-Lisbon University Center, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - António Eliseu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Lisbon, Lusófona University-Lisbon University Center, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.E.); (S.C.); (L.R.); (P.C.); (J.D.d.-S.)
| | - Sónia Campos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Lisbon, Lusófona University-Lisbon University Center, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.E.); (S.C.); (L.R.); (P.C.); (J.D.d.-S.)
- Veterinary and Animal Research Center (CECAV), Lusófona University-Lisbon University Center, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Lénio Ribeiro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Lisbon, Lusófona University-Lisbon University Center, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.E.); (S.C.); (L.R.); (P.C.); (J.D.d.-S.)
| | - Pablo Otero
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1427CWN, Argentina;
| | - Patrícia Cabral
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Lisbon, Lusófona University-Lisbon University Center, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.E.); (S.C.); (L.R.); (P.C.); (J.D.d.-S.)
- Veterinary and Animal Research Center (CECAV), Lusófona University-Lisbon University Center, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Veterinary and Animal Research Center (CECAV), Lusófona University-Lisbon University Center, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Diogo dos-Santos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Lisbon, Lusófona University-Lisbon University Center, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.E.); (S.C.); (L.R.); (P.C.); (J.D.d.-S.)
- Veterinary and Animal Research Center (CECAV), Lusófona University-Lisbon University Center, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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dos-Santos JD, Ginja M, Martins J, Cabral P, Alves-Pimenta S, Ribeiro L, Otero PE, Colaço B. Comparison between Bilateral Ultrasound-Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block and Sacrococcygeal Epidural in Cats Undergoing Ovariectomy. Vet Sci 2024; 11:25. [PMID: 38250931 PMCID: PMC10819764 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) and sacrococcygeal epidural anaesthesia (ScE) have been used for neutering cats, providing effective pain relief. OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of the QLB with those of ScE in cats undergoing ovariectomies. METHODS Feral cats undergoing ovariectomy were premedicated with dexmedetomidine (20 μg kg-1) and methadone (0.2 mg kg-1) intramuscularly. Anaesthesia was induced with 2-4 mg kg-1 of propofol intravenously and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. The cats were randomly allocated to the groups QLB (bilateral QLB with 0.4 mL kg-1 of 0.25% bupivacaine) and ScE (0.3 mL kg-1 of 0.25% bupivacaine). Hemodynamic data and analgesia rescue were collected at four intraoperative periods. The pain scale and motor block were assessed in both groups during the postoperative period. RESULTS The ScE results in increased hypotension, prolonged extubation time, and higher postoperative motor block than the QLB (p < 0.05). The QLB and ScE groups required a similar number of intraoperative rescues and presented the same postoperative pain scale classification. CONCLUSIONS The QLB with 0.25% bupivacaine is a potential alternative to ScE with 0.25% bupivacaine in perioperative pain management in elective cat ovariectomy. The QLB promoted less hypotension and postoperative motor block when compared with the ScE group.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Diogo dos-Santos
- VetOeiras—Veterinary Hospital, 2780-114 Oeiras, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Science, University Lusófona, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Centre UTAD, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal Department of Veterinary Science, University Lusófona, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário Ginja
- CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Centre UTAD, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal Department of Veterinary Science, University Lusófona, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Martins
- Department of Veterinary Science, University Lusófona, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Centre UTAD, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal Department of Veterinary Science, University Lusófona, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Cabral
- Department of Veterinary Science, University Lusófona, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Alves-Pimenta
- CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Centre UTAD, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal Department of Veterinary Science, University Lusófona, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lénio Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary Science, University Lusófona, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pablo E. Otero
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1427CWN CABA, Argentina
| | - Bruno Colaço
- CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Centre UTAD, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal Department of Veterinary Science, University Lusófona, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Pinheiro AV, Petrucci GN, Dourado A, Pires I. Anaesthesia in Veterinary Oncology: The Effects of Surgery, Volatile and Intravenous Anaesthetics on the Immune System and Tumour Spread. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3392. [PMID: 37958147 PMCID: PMC10648213 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the course of oncological disease, the majority of patients require surgical, anaesthetic and analgesic intervention. However, during the perioperative period, anaesthetic agents and techniques, surgical tissue trauma, adjuvant drugs for local pain and inflammation and other non-pharmacological factors, such as blood transfusions, hydration, temperature and nutrition, may influence the prognosis of the disease. These factors significantly impact the oncologic patient's immune response, which is the primary barrier to tumour progress, promoting a window of vulnerability for its dissemination and recurrence. More research is required to ascertain which anaesthetics and techniques have immunoprotective and anti-tumour effects, which will contribute to developing novel anaesthetic strategies in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vidal Pinheiro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.D.); (I.P.)
| | - Gonçalo N. Petrucci
- Onevetgroup Hospital Veterinário do Porto (HVP), 4250-475 Porto, Portugal;
- Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Vasco da Gama University School (EUVG), 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amândio Dourado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.D.); (I.P.)
- Onevetgroup Hospital Veterinário do Porto (HVP), 4250-475 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.D.); (I.P.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Abstract
This paper is the forty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2022 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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Vullo C, Falcone A, Marino G, Monti S, Tambella AM, Bufalari A, Catone G. Comparison between the effects of epidural lidocaine, tramadol, and lidocaine-tramadol on postoperative pain in cats undergoing elective orchiectomy. Acta Vet Scand 2023; 65:33. [PMID: 37434222 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-023-00696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In veterinary clinical practice, orchiectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures for cats and is performed mainly in young animals. The purpose of this study was to compare three different epidural (EP) analgesic protocols used in cats undergoing orchiectomy in order to determine which protocol resulted in superior outcomes in terms of perioperative analgesia. Twenty-one client-owned male cats were premedicated with a combination of dexmedetomidine (10 µg/kg) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) injected intramuscularly. Anesthesia was induced intravenously with propofol. Cats were randomly divided in three treatment groups of seven animals each: Group L received EP lidocaine (2 mg/kg), Group T received EP tramadol (1 mg/kg), and Group LT received EP lidocaine (2 mg/kg) plus tramadol (1 mg/kg). The post-operative pain level was assessed using two different scales: the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale-Feline (CMPS-F) and the Feline Grimace Scale (FGS). Rescue analgesia was administered when the CMPS-F total score was ≥5 or the FGS total score was ≥4. RESULTS No adverse effects related to tramadol or lidocaine were observed. Based on post-operative pain assessments, significant differences between groups were observed according to both pain scoring systems. In particular, in Group LT, the CMPS-F and FGS scores decreased significantly in the first six hours following castration. CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, EP lidocaine plus tramadol provided the best post-operative analgesic effects in cats submitted to orchiectomy lasting 6 h and could also be a choice to consider for longer surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vullo
- Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, Messina, 98166, Italy.
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Messina, Via Palatucci, Messina, 98168, Italy.
| | - Annastella Falcone
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Messina, Via Palatucci, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - Gabriele Marino
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Messina, Via Palatucci, Messina, 98168, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - Salvatore Monti
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Messina, Via Palatucci, Messina, 98168, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - Adolfo Maria Tambella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, Matelica, 62022, Italy
| | - Antonello Bufalari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, Perugia, 06126, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Catone
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Messina, Via Palatucci, Messina, 98168, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci, Messina, 98168, Italy
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