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Torres MJ, Bellido-Pedraza CM, Llamas A. Applications of the Microalgae Chlamydomonas and Its Bacterial Consortia in Detoxification and Bioproduction. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:940. [PMID: 39202682 PMCID: PMC11355400 DOI: 10.3390/life14080940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The wide metabolic diversity of microalgae, their fast growth rates, and low-cost production make these organisms highly promising resources for a variety of biotechnological applications, addressing critical needs in industry, agriculture, and medicine. The use of microalgae in consortia with bacteria is proving valuable in several areas of biotechnology, including the treatment of various types of wastewater, the production of biofertilizers, and the extraction of various products from their biomass. The monoculture of the microalga Chlamydomonas has been a prominent research model for many years and has been extensively used in the study of photosynthesis, sulphur and phosphorus metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, respiration, and flagellar synthesis, among others. Recent research has increasingly recognised the potential of Chlamydomonas-bacteria consortia as a biotechnological tool for various applications. The detoxification of wastewater using Chlamydomonas and its bacterial consortia offers significant potential for sustainable reduction of contaminants, while facilitating resource recovery and the valorisation of microalgal biomass. The use of Chlamydomonas and its bacterial consortia as biofertilizers can offer several benefits, such as increasing crop yields, protecting crops, maintaining soil fertility and stability, contributing to CO2 mitigation, and contributing to sustainable agricultural practises. Chlamydomonas-bacterial consortia play an important role in the production of high-value products, particularly in the production of biofuels and the enhancement of H2 production. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential of Chlamydomonas monoculture and its bacterial consortia to identify current applications and to propose new research and development directions to maximise their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Torres
- Correspondence: (M.J.T.); (A.L.); Tel.: +34-957-218352 (M.J.T. & A.L.)
| | | | - Angel Llamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
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Bellido-Pedraza CM, Torres MJ, Llamas A. The Microalgae Chlamydomonas for Bioremediation and Bioproduct Production. Cells 2024; 13:1137. [PMID: 38994989 PMCID: PMC11240456 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The extensive metabolic diversity of microalgae, coupled with their rapid growth rates and cost-effective production, position these organisms as highly promising resources for a wide range of biotechnological applications. These characteristics allow microalgae to address crucial needs in the agricultural, medical, and industrial sectors. Microalgae are proving to be valuable in various fields, including the remediation of diverse wastewater types, the production of biofuels and biofertilizers, and the extraction of various products from their biomass. For decades, the microalga Chlamydomonas has been widely used as a fundamental research model organism in various areas such as photosynthesis, respiration, sulfur and phosphorus metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and flagella synthesis, among others. However, in recent years, the potential of Chlamydomonas as a biotechnological tool for bioremediation, biofertilization, biomass, and bioproducts production has been increasingly recognized. Bioremediation of wastewater using Chlamydomonas presents significant potential for sustainable reduction in contaminants and facilitates resource recovery and valorization of microalgal biomass, offering important economic benefits. Chlamydomonas has also established itself as a platform for the production of a wide variety of biotechnologically interesting products, such as different types of biofuels, and high-value-added products. The aim of this review is to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the potential of Chlamydomonas in these aspects, and to explore their interrelationship, which would offer significant environmental and biotechnological advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Bellido-Pedraza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), University of Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maria J Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), University of Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Angel Llamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), University of Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Li J, Chen J, Li J. The ideal model for determination the formation potential of priority DBPs during chlorination of free amino acids. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142306. [PMID: 38734255 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) account for about 15-35% of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and are known as the important precursors of nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs). Determining the formation potential (FP) of AAs to DBPs is used to reveal the key precursors of DBPs for further control, while the ideal method for N-DBPs FP of AAs during chlorination is not revealed. In this study, the ideal FP test models for five classes of priority DBPs during chlorination of four representative AAs (accounted for about 35% of total AAs) were analyzed. For haloaldehydes (HALs), haloketones (HKs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), haloacetamides (HAMs), and halonitromethanes (HNMs), their FPs during chlorination of four AAs were 0.1-13.0, 0.01-1.1, 0.1-104, not detectable (nd)-173, and nd-0.4 μg/mg, respectively. The FPs of priority DBPs had significant deviations between different FP test models and different tested AAs. For HALs, the model, whose chlorine dosage was determined by 15 × molar concentration of AAs [Cl (mM) = 15 × M](named: model II), was the ideal model. For HKs, model II was also the ideal FP test model for AAs with ≤3 carbons, while for AAs with 4 carbons, the model, whose chlorine dosage was determined by keeping the residual chlorine at 1 ± 0.2 mg/L after 24 h of reaction (named: model 4), was the ideal model. For HANs and HNMs, model 4 was the ideal FP test model for most of the studied AAs. The performance of HAMs during chlorination of amino acids was totally different from other P-DBPs, and model 3 was recommended to be the ideal model, in which chlorine dosage was determined by 3 × mass concentration of AAs [Cl (mg/L) = X × DOC]. This study is a reference that helps researchers select an ideal model for N-DBPs FP study of AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Li
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jingsi Chen
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Gagnon JC, Beauregard-Tousignant S, Marcil JS, Lazar CS. Deep Isolated Aquifer Brines Harbor Atypical Halophilic Microbial Communities in Quebec, Canada. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1529. [PMID: 37628582 PMCID: PMC10454208 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The deep terrestrial subsurface, hundreds of meters to kilometers below the surface, is characterized by oligotrophic conditions, dark and often anoxic settings, with fluctuating pH, salinity, and water availability. Despite this, microbial populations are detected and active, contributing to biogeochemical cycles over geological time. Because it is extremely difficult to access the deep biosphere, little is known about the identity and metabolisms of these communities, although they likely possess unknown pathways and might interfere with deep waste deposits. Therefore, we analyzed rock and groundwater microbial communities from deep, isolated brine aquifers in two regions dating back to the Ordovician and Devonian, using amplicon and whole genome sequencing. We observed significant differences in diversity and community structure between both regions, suggesting an impact of site age and composition. The deep hypersaline groundwater did not contain typical halophilic bacteria, and genomes suggested pathways involved in protein and hydrocarbon degradation, and carbon fixation. We identified mainly one strategy to cope with osmotic stress: compatible solute uptake and biosynthesis. Finally, we detected many bacteriophage families, potentially indicating that bacteria are infected. However, we also found auxiliary metabolic genes in the viral genomes, probably conferring an advantage to the infected hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Gagnon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Québec at Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (J.-C.G.); (S.B.-T.)
- Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology/Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Samuel Beauregard-Tousignant
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Québec at Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (J.-C.G.); (S.B.-T.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Marcil
- Derena Geosciences, Quebec, QC G7A 3Y5, Canada;
- Ressources Utica Inc., Quebec, QC G1V 4M7, Canada
| | - Cassandre Sara Lazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Québec at Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (J.-C.G.); (S.B.-T.)
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Simon F, Szabó M, Fábián I. The chlorination of glycine and α-alanine at excess HOCl: Kinetics and mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 447:130794. [PMID: 36669404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The chlorination of the two simplest amino acids at HOCl excess was studied by stopped-flow, conventional spectrophotometric and time resolved 1H NMR kinetic methods at 25 °C. These reactions show distinct characteristics under neutral and alkaline conditions. At high pH, the common feature of the two systems is that the N-dichloroamino carboxylate ion does not form and the overall process is controlled by the initial decomposition of the N-monochloro derivative. Under such conditions, carbanions form in equilibrium acid - base processes and open alternative reaction paths, resulting in enhanced complexity of the corresponding mechanisms. In the case of α-alanine, the formation of acetonitrile and N-chloro acetamide as main products; acetate ion, acetaldehyde, chloroacetaldehyde, chloroform as byproducts; acetamide and N-chloro ethanimine as intermediates was confirmed. In the case of glycine, the final products are formamide and OCN-. Under neutral conditions, monochloroamino acid forms immediately upon mixing the reactants, and subsequently it is converted into dichloroamino acid by Cl2O in a fast process. In considerably slower further reaction steps, acetonitrile and acetate ion form as final products in the α-alanine system, while the chlorination of glycine proceeds to full mineralization. The detailed mechanisms suggested for these reactions postulate the formation of various imines and N-chloro imines which are involved in decarboxylation, dechlorination, hydration and hydrolytic reaction steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fruzsina Simon
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH - DE Mechanisms of Complex Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Chemical Reactions Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mária Szabó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH - DE Mechanisms of Complex Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Chemical Reactions Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - István Fábián
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH - DE Mechanisms of Complex Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Chemical Reactions Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Fabrication of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots based fluorescent probe and its application for simultaneous, sensitive and selective detection of umami amino acids. Food Chem 2023; 404:134509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Oluwalana AE, Musvuugwa T, Sikwila ST, Sefadi JS, Whata A, Nindi MM, Chaukura N. The screening of emerging micropollutants in wastewater in Sol Plaatje Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120275. [PMID: 36167166 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although pollutants pose environmental and human health risks, the majority are not routinely monitored and regulated. Organic pollutants emanate from a variety of sources, and can be classified depending on their chemistry and environmental fate. Classification of pollutants is important because it informs fate processes and apposite removal technologies. The occurrence of emerging contaminants (ECs) in water bodies is a source of environmental and human health concern globally. Despite being widely reported, data on the occurrence of ECs in South Africa are scarce. Specifically, ECS in wastewater in the Northern Cape in South Africa are understudied. In this study, various ECs were screened in water samples collected from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the province. The ECs were detected using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry following Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction. The main findings were: (1) there is a wide variety of ECs in the WWTPs, (2) physico-chemical properties such as pH, total dissolved solids, conductivity, and dissolved organic content showed reduced values in the outlet compared to the inlet which confirms the presence of less contaminants in the treated wastewater, (3) specific ultraviolet absorbance of less than 2 was observed in the WWTPs samples, suggesting the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) that is predominantly non-humic in nature, (4) most of the ECs were recalcitrant to the treatment processes, (5) pesticides, recreational drugs, and analgesics constitute a significant proportion of pollutants in wastewater, and (6) NOM removal ranged between 35 and 90%. Consequently, a comprehensive database of ECs in wastewater in Sol Plaatje Municipality was created. Since the detected ECs pose ecotoxicological risks, there is a need to monitor and quantify ECs in WWTPs. These data are useful in selecting suitable monitoring and control strategies at WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola E Oluwalana
- Risk and Vulnerability Science Centre. Sol Plaatje University, Private Bag X5008, Kimberley, 8300, South Africa; Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, School of Natural and Applied Sciences. Sol Plaatje University, Private Bag X5008, Kimberley, 8300, South Africa
| | - Tendai Musvuugwa
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Sciences. Sol Plaatje University, Private Bag X5008, Kimberley, 8300, South Africa
| | - Stephen T Sikwila
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, School of Natural and Applied Sciences. Sol Plaatje University, Private Bag X5008, Kimberley, 8300, South Africa
| | - Jeremia S Sefadi
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, School of Natural and Applied Sciences. Sol Plaatje University, Private Bag X5008, Kimberley, 8300, South Africa
| | - Albert Whata
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, School of Natural and Applied Sciences. Sol Plaatje University, Private Bag X5008, Kimberley, 8300, South Africa
| | - Mathew M Nindi
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, South Africa
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, School of Natural and Applied Sciences. Sol Plaatje University, Private Bag X5008, Kimberley, 8300, South Africa.
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Nolte TM, Peijnenburg WJGM, Miguel ABR, Zhang YN, Hendriks AJ. Stoichiometric ratios for biotics and xenobiotics capture effective metabolic coupling to re(de)fine biodegradation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 217:118333. [PMID: 35421691 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Preserving human and environmental health requires anthropogenic pollutants to be biologically degradable. Depending on concentration, both nutrients and pollutants induce and activate metabolic capacity in the endemic bacterial consortium, which in turn aids their degradation. Knowledge on such 'acclimation' is rarely implemented in risk assessment cost-effectively. As a result, an accurate description of the mechanisms and kinetics of biodegradation remains problematic. In this study, we defined a yield 'effectivity', comprising the effectiveness at which a pollutant (substrate) enhances its own degradation by inducing (biomass) cofactors involved therein. Our architecture for calculation represents the interplay between concentration and metabolism via both stoichiometric and thermodynamic concepts. The calculus for yield 'effectivity' is biochemically intuitive, implicitly embeds co-metabolism and distinguishes 'endogenic' from 'exogenic' substances' reflecting various phenomena in biodegradation and bio-transformation studies. We combined data on half-lives of pollutants/nutrients in wastewater and surface water with transition-state rate theory to obtain also experimental values for effective yields. These quantify the state of acclimation: the portion of biodegradation kinetics attributable to (contributed by) 'natural metabolism', in view of similarity to natural substances. Calculated and experimental values showed statistically significant correspondence. Particularly, carbohydrate metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism appeared relevant for acclimation (R2 = 0.11-0.42), affecting rates up to 104.9(±0.7) times: under steady-state acclimation, a compound stoichiometrically identical to carbohydrates or nucleic acids, is 103.2 to 104.9 times faster aerobically degraded than a compound marginally similar. Our new method, simulating (contribution by) the state of acclimation, supplements existing structure-biodegradation and kinetic models for predicting biodegradation in wastewater and surface water. The accuracy of prediction may increase when characterizing nutrients/co-metabolites in terms of, e.g., elemental analysis. We discuss strengths and limitations of our approach by comparison to empirical and mechanism-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom M Nolte
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Ana B Rios- Miguel
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, NO. 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - A Jan Hendriks
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Hu S, Kaw HY, Zhu L, Wang W. Formation and Cytotoxicity of Halophenylacetamides: A New Group of Nitrogenous Aromatic Halogenated Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3181-3192. [PMID: 35175050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogenous aromatic halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water have received considerable attention recently owing to their relatively high toxicity. In this study, a new group of nitrogenous aromatic halogenated disinfection byproducts, halophenylacetamides (HPAcAms), were successfully identified for the first time in both the laboratory experiments and realistic drinking water. The formation mechanism of HPAcAms during chlorination of phenylalanine in the presence of Br- and I-, occurrence frequencies, and concentrations in authentic drinking water were investigated, and a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed based on the acquired cytotoxicity data. The results demonstrated that HPAcAms could be formed from phenylalanine in chlorination via electrophilic substitution, decarboxylation, hydrochloric acid elimination, and hydrolysis. The HPAcAm yields from phenylalanine were significantly affected by contact time, pH, chlorine dose, and temperature. Nine HPAcAms with concentrations in the range of 0.02-1.54 ng/L were detected in authentic drinking water samples. Most tested HPAcAms showed significantly higher cytotoxicity compared with dichloroacetamide, which is the most abundant aliphatic haloacetamide DBP. The QSAR model demonstrated that the cellular uptake efficiency and the polarized distributions of electrons of HPAcAms play essential roles in their cytotoxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Hu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han Yeong Kaw
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
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