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Boithias L, Jardé E, Latsachack K, Thammahacksa C, Silvera N, Soulileuth B, Xayyalart M, Viguier M, Pierret A, Rochelle-Newall E, Ribolzi O. Village Settlements in Mountainous Tropical Areas, Hotspots of Fecal Contamination as Evidenced by Escherichia coli and Stanol Concentrations in Stormwater Pulses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6335-6348. [PMID: 38530925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Fecal bacteria in surface water may indicate threats to human health. Our hypothesis is that village settlements in tropical rural areas are major hotspots of fecal contamination because of the number of domestic animals usually roaming in the alleys and the lack of fecal matter treatment before entering the river network. By jointly monitoring the dynamics of Escherichia coli and of seven stanol compounds during four flood events (July-August 2016) at the outlet of a ditch draining sewage and surface runoff out of a village of Northern Lao PDR, our objectives were (1) to assess the range of E. coli concentration in the surface runoff washing off from a village settlement and (2) to identify the major contributory sources of fecal contamination using stanol compounds during flood events. E. coli pulses ranged from 4.7 × 104 to 3.2 × 106 most probable number (MPN) 100 mL-1, with particle-attached E. coli ranging from 83 to 100%. Major contributory feces sources were chickens and humans (about 66 and 29%, respectively), with the highest percentage switching from the human pole to the chicken pole during flood events. Concentrations indicate a severe fecal contamination of surface water during flood events and suggest that villages may be considered as major hotspots of fecal contamination pulses into the river network and thus as point sources in hydrological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Boithias
- GET, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Jardé
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Keooudone Latsachack
- IRD, Department of Agricultural Land Management (DALaM), P.O. Box 4199, Ban Nongviengkham, Xaythany District, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Chanthanousone Thammahacksa
- IRD, Department of Agricultural Land Management (DALaM), P.O. Box 4199, Ban Nongviengkham, Xaythany District, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Norbert Silvera
- IRD, Department of Agricultural Land Management (DALaM), P.O. Box 4199, Ban Nongviengkham, Xaythany District, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Bounsamay Soulileuth
- IRD, Department of Agricultural Land Management (DALaM), P.O. Box 4199, Ban Nongviengkham, Xaythany District, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Mose Xayyalart
- IRD, Department of Agricultural Land Management (DALaM), P.O. Box 4199, Ban Nongviengkham, Xaythany District, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Marion Viguier
- IRD, Department of Agricultural Land Management (DALaM), P.O. Box 4199, Ban Nongviengkham, Xaythany District, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Alain Pierret
- GET, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Emma Rochelle-Newall
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Est Créteil, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Ribolzi
- GET, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
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Perron T, Legrand M, Janeau JL, Manizan A, Vierling C, Kouakou A, Brauman A, Gay F, Laclau JP, Mareschal L. Runoff and soil loss are drastically decreased in a rubber plantation combining the spreading of logging residues with a legume cover. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169335. [PMID: 38103613 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil erosion on agricultural land is a major threat for food and raw materials production. It has become a major concern in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations introduced on sloping ground. Alternative agroecological crop management practices must be investigated. One aim of our study was to assess the ability of logging residues (i.e., trunks, branches, leaves and stumps of a clearcut plantation) and of legume cover (Pueraria phaseoloides) to mitigate N, P and K losses through runoff and soil detachment in a young rubber plantation. The other aim was to investigate the relationships of these nutrient losses with soil structure and soil macrofauna diversity. Runoff and soil loss were monitored for 3 years using 1-m2 plots under different practices as regards the management of logging residues and the use or not of a legume. The monitoring started when rubber trees were one-year-old. The planting row, where soil was bare, was the hotspot of soil erosion, with an average runoff of 832 mm y-1 and soil loss of 3.2 kg m-2 y-1. Sowing a legume in the inter-row reduced runoff and soil loss by 88 % and 98 % respectively, compared to bare soil. Spreading logging residues as well as growing a legume cover almost eliminated runoff and soil detachment (19 mm y-1 and 4 g m-2 y-1 respectively). Nutrient losses were negligible as long as the soil surface was covered by a legume crop, with or without logging residues. Total N loss from soil detachment ranged from 0.02 to 0.2 g m-2 y-1, for example. Spreading logging residues in the inter-rows significantly improved soil structure and soil macrofauna diversity compared to bare soil. Nutrient losses from runoff and soil detachment were negatively correlated with improved soil structure and soil macrofauna diversity. We recommend investigating alternative ways to manage planting rows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Perron
- CIRAD, UMR ABSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France; ABSys, Univ Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France; SAPH, Direction of Industrial Plantations (DPI), Cote d'Ivoire.
| | - Marianne Legrand
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRAE, EMMAH, UMR 1114 INRAE-Avignon University, Domaine Saint Paul, F-84914 Avignon cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Louis Janeau
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences (iEES-Paris), IRD, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Manizan
- SOGB, Agricultural technique, auditing and Organisation Department (DTAO), SOCFIN, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Cécile Vierling
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398 Montpellier, France; AgroParisTech, 22 place de l'Agronomie, 91123 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Aymard Kouakou
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; Nangui Abrogoua University, Ecology and Sustainable Development Laboratory, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Alain Brauman
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Gay
- CIRAD, UMR ABSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France; ABSys, Univ Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Laclau
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Louis Mareschal
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Termite Assemblage and Damage on Tree Trunks in Fast-Growing Teak Plantations of Different Age: A Case Study in West Java, Indonesia. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12040295. [PMID: 33800625 PMCID: PMC8067069 DOI: 10.3390/insects12040295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We conducted surveys of termite assemblages and tree trunks damaged by termites in teakwood (Tectona grandis L.f.) plantations. The surveys were conducted in five-, six-, and nine-year-old plantations. We used a standardized belt-transect to collect termites and build tree inventories. Data of collected termites at the genus and functional-group levels and termites' diversity between plantations were compared with their attack rate. The results showed that four genera of soil recycler termites belonging to groups IIf and III were present across the plantations. Distribution analysis suggested that termite communities might develop from a stochastic distribution to a nonrandom co-occurrence distribution over time. Diversity analysis showed an increased nestedness-resultant diversity contribution to the total dissimilarity over time. Observed attacks on tree trunks were superficial and limited to the outer bark, with group IIf as the main contributor. Furthermore, the level of damage done by termites to tree trunks was positively correlated with increases in the group IIf occupancy area and overgrown understory vegetation. Plantation management by maintaining an adequate understory might suppress termite attacks on fast-growing teakwood, although in the case of our study, termite attacks are inevitable when termites from group IIf were already present.
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Special Issue “Multiscale Impacts of Anthropogenic and Climate Changes on Tropical and Mediterranean Hydrology”. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Nakhle P, Ribolzi O, Boithias L, Rattanavong S, Auda Y, Sayavong S, Zimmermann R, Soulileuth B, Pando A, Thammahacksa C, Rochelle-Newall EJ, Santini W, Martinez JM, Gratiot N, Pierret A. Effects of hydrological regime and land use on in-stream Escherichia coli concentration in the Mekong basin, Lao PDR. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3460. [PMID: 33568764 PMCID: PMC7876097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the basin of Mekong, over 70 million people rely on unimproved surface water for their domestic requirements. Surface water is often contaminated with fecal matter and yet little information exists on the underlying mechanisms of fecal contamination in tropical conditions at large watershed scales. Our objectives were to (1) investigate the seasonality of fecal contamination using Escherichia coli as fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), and (2) establish links between the fecal contamination in stream water and its controlling factors (hydrology and land use). We present the results of (1) a sampling campaign at the outlet of 19 catchments across Lao PDR, in both the dry and the rainy seasons of 2016, and (2) a 10-day interval monitoring conducted in 2017 and 2018 at three point locations of three rivers (Nam Ou, Nam Suang, and Mekong) in northern Lao PDR. Our results show the presence of fecal contamination at most of the sampled sites, with a seasonality characterized by higher and extreme E. coli concentrations occurring during the rainy season. The highest E. coli concentrations, strongly correlated with total suspended sediment concentrations, were measured in catchments dominated by unstocked forest areas, especially in mountainous northern Lao PDR and in Vientiane province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paty Nakhle
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Ribolzi
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurie Boithias
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Sayaphet Rattanavong
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Yves Auda
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Saysongkham Sayavong
- Lao Department of Agriculture Land Management (DALaM), Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Rosalie Zimmermann
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bounsamay Soulileuth
- Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), iEES-Paris, UMR 242 (IRD, SU-UPMC, CNRS, INRA, Univ. de Paris, UPEC), PO Box 5992, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Anne Pando
- Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), iEES-Paris, UMR 242 (IRD, SU-UPMC, CNRS, INRA, Univ. de Paris, UPEC), PO Box 5992, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Chanthamousone Thammahacksa
- Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), iEES-Paris, UMR 242 (IRD, SU-UPMC, CNRS, INRA, Univ. de Paris, UPEC), PO Box 5992, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Emma J Rochelle-Newall
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris Est Creteil, IRD, CNRS, INRA, Paris, France
| | - William Santini
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Michel Martinez
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Gratiot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Asian Research Center on Water (CARE-Rescif), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Block B7, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Alain Pierret
- Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), iEES-Paris, UMR 242 (IRD, SU-UPMC, CNRS, INRA, Univ. de Paris, UPEC), PO Box 5992, Vientiane, Lao PDR
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