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Perron T, Legrand M, Janeau JL, Manizan A, Vierling C, Kouakou A, Brauman A, Gay F, Laclau JP, Mareschal L. Runoff and soil loss are drastically decreased in a rubber plantation combining the spreading of logging residues with a legume cover. Sci Total Environ 2024; 913:169335. [PMID: 38103613 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil erosion on agricultural land is a major threat for food and raw materials production. It has become a major concern in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations introduced on sloping ground. Alternative agroecological crop management practices must be investigated. One aim of our study was to assess the ability of logging residues (i.e., trunks, branches, leaves and stumps of a clearcut plantation) and of legume cover (Pueraria phaseoloides) to mitigate N, P and K losses through runoff and soil detachment in a young rubber plantation. The other aim was to investigate the relationships of these nutrient losses with soil structure and soil macrofauna diversity. Runoff and soil loss were monitored for 3 years using 1-m2 plots under different practices as regards the management of logging residues and the use or not of a legume. The monitoring started when rubber trees were one-year-old. The planting row, where soil was bare, was the hotspot of soil erosion, with an average runoff of 832 mm y-1 and soil loss of 3.2 kg m-2 y-1. Sowing a legume in the inter-row reduced runoff and soil loss by 88 % and 98 % respectively, compared to bare soil. Spreading logging residues as well as growing a legume cover almost eliminated runoff and soil detachment (19 mm y-1 and 4 g m-2 y-1 respectively). Nutrient losses were negligible as long as the soil surface was covered by a legume crop, with or without logging residues. Total N loss from soil detachment ranged from 0.02 to 0.2 g m-2 y-1, for example. Spreading logging residues in the inter-rows significantly improved soil structure and soil macrofauna diversity compared to bare soil. Nutrient losses from runoff and soil detachment were negatively correlated with improved soil structure and soil macrofauna diversity. We recommend investigating alternative ways to manage planting rows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Perron
- CIRAD, UMR ABSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France; ABSys, Univ Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France; SAPH, Direction of Industrial Plantations (DPI), Cote d'Ivoire.
| | - Marianne Legrand
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRAE, EMMAH, UMR 1114 INRAE-Avignon University, Domaine Saint Paul, F-84914 Avignon cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Louis Janeau
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences (iEES-Paris), IRD, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Manizan
- SOGB, Agricultural technique, auditing and Organisation Department (DTAO), SOCFIN, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Cécile Vierling
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398 Montpellier, France; AgroParisTech, 22 place de l'Agronomie, 91123 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Aymard Kouakou
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; Nangui Abrogoua University, Ecology and Sustainable Development Laboratory, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Alain Brauman
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Gay
- CIRAD, UMR ABSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France; ABSys, Univ Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Laclau
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Louis Mareschal
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Kouakou AK, Cortet J, Kolo Y, Brauman A. Using Trait-Based Approaches to Assess the Response of Epedaphic Collembola to Organic Matter Management Practices: A Case Study in a Rubber Plantation in South-Eastern Côte d'Ivoire. Insects 2022; 13:892. [PMID: 36292840 PMCID: PMC9604168 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We used trait-based approaches to reveal the functional responses of springtails communities to organic matter inputs in a rubber plantation in Côte d’Ivoire. Pitfall traps were used to sample springtails in each practice. The results showed that the total abundance of springtails increased significantly with the amount of organic matter (R0L0 < R2L1). Larger springtails (body length, furca and antennae) were observed in plots with high organic matter. Practices with logging residues and legume recorded the highest functional richness. The principal coordinate analysis showed different functional composition patterns between practices with logging residues (R1L1 and R2L1) and those without inputs (R0L0 and R0L1). This difference in functional composition (PERMANOVA analysis) was related to the effect of practices. These results highlight the pertinence of the functional trait approach in the characterization of springtail communities, a bioindicator of soil health, for organic matter management practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymard Kouakou Kouakou
- Station D’écologie de Lamto, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan 02 BP 801, Côte d’Ivoire
- Eco & Sols, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, F-34398 Montperliier, France
| | - Jérôme Cortet
- UMR CEFE 5175, University of Montpellier, EPHE, University Paul-Valéry Montpellier, Route de Mende, CEDEX, F-34199 Montpellier, France
| | - Yeo Kolo
- Station D’écologie de Lamto, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan 02 BP 801, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Alain Brauman
- Eco & Sols, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, F-34398 Montperliier, France
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Perron T, Kouakou A, Simon C, Mareschal L, Frédéric G, Soumahoro M, Kouassi D, Rakotondrazafy N, Rapidel B, Laclau JP, Brauman A. Logging residues promote rapid restoration of soil health after clear-cutting of rubber plantations at two sites with contrasting soils in Africa. Sci Total Environ 2022; 816:151526. [PMID: 34752871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil health is defined as the soil's capacity to deliver ecosystem functions within environmental constraints. On tree plantations, clear-cutting and land preparation between two crop cycles cause severe physical disturbances to the soil and seriously deplete soil organic carbon and biodiversity. Rubber, one of the main tropical perennial crops worldwide, has a plantation life cycle of 25 to 40 years, with successive replanting cycles on the same plot. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of clear-cutting disturbance on three soil functions (carbon transformation, nutrient cycling and structure maintenance) and their restoration after the planting of the new rubber crop, in two contrasting soil situations (Arenosol and Ferralsol) in Côte d'Ivoire. In this 18-month diachronic study, we intensively measured soil functions under different scenarios as regards the management of logging residues and the use or not of a legume cover crop. We investigated the relationship between soil macrofauna diversity and soil heath. At both sites, clear-cutting and land preparation disturbed carbon transformation and nutrient cycling significantly and, to a lesser extent, structure maintenance function. When logging residues were applied, carbon transformation and structure maintenance functions were fully restored within 12 to 18 months after disturbance. By contrast, no restoration of nutrient cycling was observed over the study period. A legume cover crop mainly improved the restoration of carbon transformation. We found a strong relationship (P ≤ 0.001; R2 = 0.62-0.66) between soil macrofauna diversity and soil health. Our overall results were very similar at the two sites, despite their contrasting soil conditions. Keeping logging residues in the plots and sowing a legume in the inter-row at replanting accelerated the restoration of soil functions after major disturbance caused by clear-cutting and land preparation. Our results confirm the necessity of taking soil macrofauna diversity into account in the management of tropical perennial crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Perron
- CIRAD, UMR ABSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France; ABSys, Univ Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398 Montpellier, France; SAPH, Direction of Industrial Plantations (DPI), Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Aymard Kouakou
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; Nangui Abrogoua University, Ecology and Sustainable Development Laboratory, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Charlotte Simon
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Louis Mareschal
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Gay Frédéric
- CIRAD, UMR ABSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France; ABSys, Univ Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Daouda Kouassi
- SOGB, Agricultural Technique, Auditing and Organisation Department (DTAO), SOCFIN, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Nancy Rakotondrazafy
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Rapidel
- CIRAD, UMR ABSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France; ABSys, Univ Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Laclau
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Brauman
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Barrios E, Valencia V, Jonsson M, Brauman A, Hairiah K, Mortimer PE, Okubo S. Contribution of trees to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21513732.2017.1399167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edmundo Barrios
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Headquarters, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vivian Valencia
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mattias Jonsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Ecology, Uppsale, Sweden
| | - Alain Brauman
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), East & Central Asia Regional Office, Kunming, China
| | | | - Peter E. Mortimer
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), East and Central Asia Office, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, China
| | - Satoru Okubo
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Brauman A, Majeed MZ, Buatois B, Robert A, Pablo AL, Miambi E. Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Emissions by Termites: Does the Feeding Guild Matter? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144340. [PMID: 26658648 PMCID: PMC4675541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tropics, termites are major players in the mineralization of organic matter leading to the production of greenhouse gases including nitrous oxide (N2O). Termites have a wide trophic diversity and their N-metabolism depends on the feeding guild. This study assessed the extent to which N2O emission levels were determined by termite feeding guild and tested the hypothesis that termite species feeding on a diet rich in N emit higher levels of N2O than those feeding on a diet low in N. An in-vitro incubation approach was used to determine the levels of N2O production in 14 termite species belonging to different feeding guilds, collected from a wide range of biomes. Fungus-growing and soil-feeding termites emit N2O. The N2O production levels varied considerably, ranging from 13.14 to 117.62 ng N2O-N d-1 (g dry wt.)-1 for soil-feeding species, with Cubitermes spp. having the highest production levels, and from 39.61 to 65.61 ng N2O-N d-1 (g dry wt.)-1 for fungus-growing species. Wood-feeding termites were net N2O consumers rather than N2O producers with a consumption ranging from 16.09 to 45.22 ng N2O-N d-1 (g dry wt.)-1. Incubating live termites together with their mound increased the levels of N2O production by between 6 and 13 fold for soil-feeders, with the highest increase in Capritermes capricornis, and between 14 and 34 fold for fungus-growers, with the highest increase in Macrotermes muelleri. Ammonia-oxidizing (amoA-AOB and amoA-AOA) and denitrifying (nirK, nirS, nosZ) gene markers were detected in the guts of all termite species studied. No correlation was found between the abundance of these marker genes and the levels of N2O production from different feeding guilds. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that N2O production rates were higher in termites feeding on substrates with higher N content, such as soil and fungi, compared to those feeding on N-poor wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Brauman
- IRD, UMR ECO&SOLS, Campus Supagro, Montpellier, France
- IRD, UMR Eco&Sols, LMI LUSES, Land Development Department, Bangkok, Thailand
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Trap J, Bernard L, Brauman A, Pablo AL, Plassard C, Ranoarisoa MP, Blanchart E. Plant Roots Increase Bacterivorous Nematode Dispersion through Nonuniform Glass-bead Media. J Nematol 2015; 47:296-301. [PMID: 26941457 PMCID: PMC4755703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersion of bacterivorous nematodes in soil is a crucial ecological process that permits settlement and exploitation of new bacterial-rich patches. Although plant roots, by modifying soil structure, are likely to influence this process, they have so far been neglected. In this study, using an original three-compartment microcosm experimental design and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bars to mimic plant roots, we tested the ability of roots to improve the dispersion of bacterivorous nematode populations through two wet, nonuniform granular (glass bead) media imitating contrasting soil textures. We showed that artificial roots increased migration time of bacterivorous nematode populations in the small-bead medium, suggesting that plant roots may play an important role in nematode dispersion in fine-textured soils or when soil compaction is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Trap
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR Eco&Sols, Laboratoire des RadioIsotopes (LRI), Ampandrianomby, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Laetitia Bernard
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR Eco&Sols, Laboratoire des RadioIsotopes (LRI), Ampandrianomby, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Alain Brauman
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR Eco&Sols, 2 Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Laure Pablo
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR Eco&Sols, 2 Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Claude Plassard
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique-UMR Eco&Sols, 2 Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Mahafaka Patricia Ranoarisoa
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR Eco&Sols, Laboratoire des RadioIsotopes (LRI), Ampandrianomby, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Eric Blanchart
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR Eco&Sols, Laboratoire des RadioIsotopes (LRI), Ampandrianomby, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
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Majeed MZ, Miambi E, Riaz MA, Brauman A. Characterization of N2O emission and associated bacterial communities from the gut of wood-feeding termite Nasutitermes voeltzkowi. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2015; 60:425-33. [PMID: 25687762 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-015-0379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Xylophagous termites rely on nitrogen deficient foodstuff with a low C/N ratio. Most research work has focused on nitrogen fixation in termites highlighting important inflow and assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen into their bodies fundamentally geared up by their intestinal microbial symbionts. Most of termite body nitrogen is of atmospheric origin, and microbially aided nitrification is the principal source of this nitrogen acquisition, but contrarily, the information regarding potent denitrification process is very scarce and poorly known, although the termite gut is considered to carry all favorable criteria necessary for microbial denitrification. Therefore, in this study, it is hypothesized that whether nitrification and denitrification processes coexist in intestinal milieu of xylophagous termites or not, and if yes, then is there any link between the denitrification product, i.e., N2O and nitrogen content of the food substrate, and moreover where these bacterial communities are found along the length of termite gut. To answer these questions, we measured in vivo N2O emission by Nasutitermes voeltzkowi (Nasutitermitinae) maintained on different substrates with varying C/N ratio, and also, molecular techniques were applied to study the diversity (DGGE) and density (qPCR) of bacterial communities in anterior and posterior gut portions. Rersults revealed that xylophagous termites emit feeble amount of N2O and molecular studies confirmed this finding by illustrating the presence of an ample density of N2O-reductase (nosZ) gene in the intestinal tract of these termites. Furthermore, intestinal bacterial communities of these termites were found more dense and diverse in posterior than anterior portion of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
- Department of Agri. Entomology, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, 40100, Sargodha, Pakistan,
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Jaillard
- Inra; UMR1222 Ecologie fonctionnelle et Biogéochimie des Sols et Agrosystèmes (Eco&Sols); 2 place Pierre Viala 34060 Montpellier France
| | - Alain Rapaport
- Inra; UMR0729 Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie (MISTEA); 2 place Pierre Viala 34060 Montpellier France
- INRA-INRIA MODEMIC Project-team; INRIA Sophia-Antipolis Méditerranée; Sophia-Antipolis 06902 France
| | - Jérôme Harmand
- INRA-INRIA MODEMIC Project-team; INRIA Sophia-Antipolis Méditerranée; Sophia-Antipolis 06902 France
- Inra; UR0050 Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement; avenue des Etangs 11100 Narbonne France
| | - Alain Brauman
- IRD; UMR1222 Ecologie fonctionnelle et Biogéochimie des Sols et Agrosystèmes; 2 place Pierre Viala Montpellier 34060 France
| | - Naoise Nunan
- CNRS; UMR7618 BioEMCo; Campus AgroParisTech 78850 Thiverval-Grignon France
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Hinsinger P, Betencourt E, Bernard L, Brauman A, Plassard C, Shen J, Tang X, Zhang F. P for two, sharing a scarce resource: soil phosphorus acquisition in the rhizosphere of intercropped species. Plant Physiol 2011; 156:1078-86. [PMID: 21508183 PMCID: PMC3135963 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.175331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
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Abstract
The evolution of different feeding guilds in termites is paralleled by differences in the activity of their gut microbiota. In wood-feeding termites, carbon dioxide-reducing acetogenic bacteria were found to generally outprocess carbon dioxide-reducing methanogenic bacteria for reductant (presumably hydrogen) generated during microbial fermentation in the hindgut. By contrast, acetogenesis from hydrogen and carbon dioxide was of little significance in fungus-growing and soil-feeding termites, which evolved more methane than their wood- and grass-feeding counterparts. Given the large biomass of termites on the earth and especially in the tropics, these findings should help refine global estimates of carbon dioxide reduction in anoxic habitats and the contribution of termite emissions to atmospheric methane concentrations.
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Guyot JP, Brauman A. Methane Production from Formate by Syntrophic Association of Methanobacterium bryantii and Desulfovibrio vulgaris JJ. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 52:1436-7. [PMID: 16347251 PMCID: PMC239251 DOI: 10.1128/aem.52.6.1436-1437.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coculture of a sulfate-reducing bacterium, when grown in the absence of added sulfate, with Methanobacterium bryantii, which uses only H(2) and CO(2) for methanogenesis, degraded formate to CH(4). A pure culture of Desulfovibrio vulgaris JJ was able to produce small amounts of H(2). Such a syntrophic relationship might provide an additional way to avoid formate accumulation in anaerobic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Guyot
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie and Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Developpement en Coopération, Université de Provence, 13331 Marseille Cedex, France
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Brauman A, Keleke S, Malonga M, Miambi E, Ampe F. Microbiological and biochemical characterization of cassava retting, a traditional lactic Acid fermentation for foo-foo (cassava flour) production. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 62:2854-8. [PMID: 16535378 PMCID: PMC1388916 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.8.2854-2858.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall kinetics of retting, a spontaneous fermentation of cassava roots performed in central Africa, was investigated in terms of microbial-population evolution and biochemical and physicochemical parameters. During the traditional process, endogenous cyanogens were almost totally degraded, plant cell walls were lysed by the simultaneous action of pectin methylesterase and pectate lyase, and organic acids (C(inf2) to C(inf4)) were produced. Most microorganisms identified were found to be facultative anaerobes which used the sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) present in the roots as carbon sources. After 24 h of retting, the fermentation reached an equilibrium that was reproducible in all the spontaneous fermentations studied. Lactic acid bacteria were largely predominant (over 99% of the total flora after 48 h) and governed the fermentation. The epiphytic flora was first replaced by Lactococcus lactis, then by Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and finally, at the end of the process, by Lactobacillus plantarum. These organisms produced ethanol and high concentrations of lactate, which strongly acidified the retting juice. In addition, the rapid decrease in partial oxygen pressure rendered the process anaerobic. Strict anaerobes, such as Clostridium spp., developed and produced the volatile fatty acids (mainly butyrate) responsible, together with lactate, for the typical flavor of retted cassava. Yeasts (mostly Candida spp.) did not seem to play a significant role in the process, but their increasing numbers in the last stage of the process might influence the flavor and the preservation of the end products.
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Fall S, Hamelin J, Ndiaye F, Assigbetse K, Aragno M, Chotte JL, Brauman A. Differences between bacterial communities in the gut of a soil-feeding termite (Cubitermes niokoloensis) and its mounds. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:5199-208. [PMID: 17574999 PMCID: PMC1950997 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02616-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In tropical ecosystems, termite mound soils constitute an important soil compartment covering around 10% of African soils. Previous studies have shown (S. Fall, S. Nazaret, J. L. Chotte, and A. Brauman, Microb. Ecol. 28:191-199, 2004) that the bacterial genetic structure of the mounds of soil-feeding termites (Cubitermes niokoloensis) is different from that of their surrounding soil. The aim of this study was to characterize the specificity of bacterial communities within mounds with respect to the digestive and soil origins of the mound. We have compared the bacterial community structures of a termite mound, termite gut sections, and surrounding soil using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis and cloning and sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. DGGE analysis revealed a drastic difference between the genetic structures of the bacterial communities of the termite gut and the mound. Analysis of 266 clones, including 54 from excised bands, revealed a high level of diversity in each biota investigated. The soil-feeding termite mound was dominated by the Actinobacteria phylum, whereas the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla dominate the gut sections of termites and the surrounding soil, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a distinct clustering of Actinobacteria phylotypes between the mound and the surrounding soil. The Actinobacteria clones of the termite mound were diverse, distributed among 10 distinct families, and like those in the termite gut environment lightly dominated by the Nocardioidaceae family. Our findings confirmed that the soil-feeding termite mound (C. niokoloensis) represents a specific bacterial habitat in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliou Fall
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne des Sols Tropicaux, IRD-ISRA, BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal
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Henry S, Baudoin E, López-Gutiérrez JC, Martin-Laurent F, Brauman A, Philippot L. Corrigendum to “Quantification of denitrifying bacteria in soils by nirK gene targeted real-time PCR” [J. Microbiol. Methods 59 (2004) 327–335]. J Microbiol Methods 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Henry S, Baudoin E, López-Gutiérrez JC, Martin-Laurent F, Brauman A, Philippot L. Quantification of denitrifying bacteria in soils by nirK gene targeted real-time PCR. J Microbiol Methods 2004; 59:327-35. [PMID: 15488276 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Revised: 07/07/2004] [Accepted: 07/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Denitrification, the reduction of nitrate to nitrous oxide or dinitrogen, is the major biological mechanism by which fixed nitrogen returns to the atmosphere from soil and water. Microorganisms capable of denitrification are widely distributed in the environment but little is known about their abundance since quantification is performed using fastidious and time-consuming MPN-based approaches. We used real-time PCR to quantify the denitrifying nitrite reductase gene (nirK), a key enzyme of the denitrifying pathway catalyzing the reduction of soluble nitrogen oxide to gaseous form. The real-time PCR assay was linear over 7 orders of magnitude and sensitive down to 10(2) copies by assay. Real-time PCR analysis of different soil samples showed nirK densities of 9.7x10(4) to 3.9x10(6) copies per gram of soil. Soil real-time PCR products were cloned and sequenced. Analysis of 56 clone sequences revealed that all cloned real-time PCR products exhibited high similarities to previously described nirK. However, phylogenetic analysis showed that most of environmental sequences are not related to nirK from cultivated denitrifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Henry
- UMR 1229 INRA-Université de Bourgogne, Microbiologie et Géochimie des Sols, 17 rue Sully, B.P. 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
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Fall S, Nazaret S, Chotte JL, Brauman A. Bacterial density and community structure associated with aggregate size fractions of soil-feeding termite mounds. Microb Ecol 2004; 48:191-199. [PMID: 15546039 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-003-1047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2003] [Accepted: 09/09/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The building and foraging activities of termites are known to modify soil characteristics such as the heterogeneity. In tropical savannas the impact of the activity of soil-feeding termites ( Cubitermes niokoloensis) has been shown to affect the properties of the soil at the aggregate level by creating new soil microenvironments (aggregate size fractions) [13]. These changes were investigated in greater depth by looking at the microbial density (AODC) and the genetic structure (automated rRNA intergenic spacer analysis: ARISA) of the communities in the different aggregate size fractions (i.e., coarse sand, fine sand, coarse silt, fine silt, and dispersible clays) separated from compartments (internal and external wall) of three Cubitermes niokoloensis mounds. The bacterial density of the mounds was significantly higher (1.5 to 3 times) than that of the surrounding soil. Within the aggregate size fractions, the termite building activity resulted in a significant increase in bacterial density within the coarser fractions (>20 mum). Multivariate analysis of the ARISA profiles revealed that the bacterial genetic structures of unfractionated soil and soil aggregate size fractions of the three mounds was noticeably different from the savanna soil used as a reference. Moreover, the microbial community associated with the different microenvironments in the three termite mounds revealed three distinct clusters formed by the aggregate size fractions of each mound. Except for the 2-20 mum fraction, these results suggest that the mound microbial genetic structure is more dependent upon microbial pool affiliation (the termite mound) than on the soil location (aggregate size fraction). The causes of the specificity of the microbial community structure of termite mound aggregate size fractions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fall
- IBIS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne des Sols Tropicaux, IRD (ex ORSTOM), BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal
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Rouland-Lefevre C, Diouf MN, Brauman A, Neyra M. Phylogenetic relationships in Termitomyces (Family Agaricaceae) based on the nucleotide sequence of ITS: a first approach to elucidate the evolutionary history of the symbiosis between fungus-growing termites and their fungi. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2002; 22:423-9. [PMID: 11884167 DOI: 10.1006/mpev.2001.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Termitomyces constitutes a very poorly known genus of fungi whose essential characteristic is that all representatives of the genus are cultivated by termites (Macrotermitinae) in their nest and that all the fungi cultivated by termites belong to this genus. For the first time, the phylogenetic relationships of several African Termitomyces species was studied by the sequencing of their internal transcriber spacer region (ITS1--5.8S--ITS2). It appeared that this group is clearly monophyletic and belongs to the Tricholomataceae family. The total homology of the ITS zone of several Termitomyces symbionts of different termite genera indicated that the specific diversity of this group is in fact less important than previously supposed. Finally, the comparison between the Termitomyces phylogenetic tree and the taxonomic tree of Macrotermitinae showed that if for certain genera the hypothesis of termite/fungus coevolution is acceptable, it should not be applied for all symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Rouland-Lefevre
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Invertébrés, Université Paris XII--Val de Marne, Creteil Cedex, 94010, France.
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Brauman A, Doré J, Eggleton P, Bignell D, Breznak JA, Kane MD. Molecular phylogenetic profiling of prokaryotic communities in guts of termites with different feeding habits. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2001; 35:27-36. [PMID: 11248387 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Termites are an important group of terrestrial insects that harbor an abundant gut microbiota, many of which contribute to digestion, termite nutrition and gas (CH(4), CO(2) and H(2)) emission. With 2200 described species, termites also provide a good model to study relationships between host diet and gut microbial community structure and function. We examined the relationship between diet and gut prokaryotic community profiles in 24 taxonomically and nutritionally diverse species of termites by using nucleic acid probes targeting 16S-like ribosomal RNAs. The relative abundance of domain-specific 16S-like rRNAs recovered from gut extracts varied considerably (ranges: Archaea (0-3%); Bacteria (15-118%)). Although Bacteria were always detectable and the most abundant, differences in domain-level profiles were correlated with termite diet, as evidenced by higher relative abundances of Archaea in guts of soil-feeding termites, compared to those of wood-feeding species in the same family. The oligonucleotide probes also readily distinguished gut communities of wood-feeding taxa in the family Termitidae (higher termites) from those of other wood-feeding termite families (lower termites). The relative abundances of 16S-like archaeal rRNA in guts were positively correlated with rates of methane emission by live termites, and were consistent with previous work linking high relative rates of methanogenesis with the soil (humus)-feeding habit. Probes for methanogenic Archaea detected members of only two families (Methanobacteriaceae and Methanosarcinaceae) in termite guts, and these typically accounted for 60% of the all archaeal probe signal. In four species of termites, Methanosarcinaceae were dominant, a novel observation for animal gut microbial communities, but no clear relationship was apparent between methanogen family profiles and termite diet or taxonomy.
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Davies RG, Eggleton P, Dibog L, Lawton JH, Bignell DE, Brauman A, Hartmann C, Nunes L, Holt J, Rouland C. Successional response of a tropical forest termite assemblage to experimental habitat perturbation. J Appl Ecol 1999. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2664.1999.00450.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Brauman A, Müller JA, Garcia JL, Brune A, Schink B. Fermentative degradation of 3-hydroxybenzoate in pure culture by a novel strictly anaerobic bacterium, Sporotomaculum hydroxybenzoicum gen. nov., sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1998; 48 Pt 1:215-21. [PMID: 9542091 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-48-1-215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A strictly anaerobic bacterium, strain BT, from termite hindgut homogenates, was isolated in pure culture and grew on 3-hydroxybenzoate as sole source of carbon and energy. No other substrate tested was degraded, sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, nitrate, ferric iron, oxygen or fumarate were not reduced, and no electron transfer to partner organisms was observed. 3-Hydroxybenzoate was fermented to butyrate, acetate and CO2. Benzoate was detected in the culture supernatant as an intermediate. The isolate was a slightly motile, endosporeforming Gram-positive rod; 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed a high similarity to members of the genus Desulfotomaculum. The G + C content of the DNA was 48 mol%. Strain BT differs from the members of the genus Desulfotomaculum significantly due to its lack of dissimilatory sulfate reduction, and is therefore described as the type strain of a new genus and species. Sporotomaculum hydroxybenzoicum gen. nov., sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brauman
- Laboratoire ORSTOM de Microbiologie des Anaérobies, Université de Provence, Marseille, France
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Ampe F, Brauman A. Origin of enzymes involved in detoxification and root softening during cassava retting. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1995; 11:178-82. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00704644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/30/1994] [Accepted: 10/13/1994] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hethener P, Brauman A, Garcia JL. Clostridium termitidis sp. nov., a Cellulolytic Bacterium from the Gut of the Wood-feeding Termite, Nasutitermes lujae. Syst Appl Microbiol 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Brauman A, Koenig JF, Dutreix J, Garcia JL. Characterization of two sulfate-reducing bacteria from the gut of the soil-feeding termite, Cubitermes speciosus. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1990; 58:271-5. [PMID: 2082814 DOI: 10.1007/bf00399339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Two sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were isolated from a mixed culture enriched with benzoate obtained from gut homogenate of the soil-feeding higher termite, Cubitermes speciosus. The organisms were vibrioid rods, staining Gram-negative, which performed incomplete substrate oxidation. They differed in several features. The smaller one, strain STp, was motile with a single polar flagellum. This strain differed from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans only by its inability to oxidize malate and pentanol. The bigger one, strain STg, differed from Desulfovibrio giganteus only by its nonmotility and a lower length. It is the first evidence of the presence of SRB in termite gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brauman
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie ORSTOM, Université de Provence, Marseille, France
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Brauman A, Rosenberg T, Gilboa Y, Algom M, Fuchs L, Schlesinger Z. Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and nongoitrous hypothyroidism. Cardiology 1988; 75:269-73. [PMID: 3167916 DOI: 10.1159/000174383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An increased prevalence of mitral valve prolapse has been found in Graves' disease and a common autoimmune etiology has been suggested for both disorders. We investigated the prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in 87 patients with autoimmune chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, 50 patients with nongoitrous hypothyroidism and 111 healthy control subjects. Mitral valve prolapse was found in 16.09% of patients with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis compared to 6 and 5.4% in nongoitrous hypothyroidism and normal controls, respectively. The result is statistically significant, p less than 0.02, and confirms that the prevalence of mitral valve prolapse is significantly increased in patients with autoimmune disorders of the thyroid gland, when compared to normals and nonautoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brauman
- Department of Internal Medicine 'B', Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
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Brauman A, Gilboa Y. [The syndrome of prolapses mitral valve and autoimmune thyroid disease]. Harefuah 1987; 112:575-6. [PMID: 3678997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Brauman A, Gilboa Y. Recurrent pulmonary atelectasis as a manifestation of familial Mediterranean fever. Arch Intern Med 1987; 147:378-9. [PMID: 3813759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent attacks of pulmonary atelectasis were the leading sign of familial Mediterranean fever in a young man of Jewish-Georgian extraction. His mother suffered from the more common manifestations of the disease. Treatment with colchicine caused a complete disappearance of his attacks. However, when challenged by discontinuing colchicine therapy for eight days, another, documented attack of pulmonary atelectasis occurred. To our knowledge, this is the first case of familial Mediterranean fever presenting with recurrent pulmonary atelectasis.
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Abstract
The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse was investigated in 126 patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease or toxic nodular goitre and that of hyperthyroidism in 64 patients with mitral valve prolapse. One hundred and eleven asymptomatic healthy subjects comprised a control group. The patients with hyperthyroidism were divided into those with Graves' disease and those with toxic nodular goitre. Of the group as whole, 12 (9.5%) patients had mitral valve prolapse compared with six (5.4%) in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in the patients with toxic goitre was also not significantly different from that in the controls. When the prevalence in the group with Graves' disease was compared with that in the control group (16.3% vs 5.4%) the difference was significant. Only one patient with mitral valve prolapse had hyperthyroidism.
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Brauman A, Gur H, Leibovitz A, Kopolovic J, Gilboa Y, Eliakim M. Primary fibroxanthosarcoma of the kidney presenting as fever of unknown origin. Eur Urol 1985; 11:134-5. [PMID: 4007001 DOI: 10.1159/000472472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fibroxanthosarcoma is a tumor of soft tissues, mainly effecting the extremities, mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Primary fibroxanthosarcoma of the kidney is extremely rare and has been described in only 4 cases in the past. We present an additional patient, presenting with continuous spiking fever, with rapid deterioration of her condition due to widespread metastases and death within 4 months.
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Brauman A, Rosenberg T, Gilboa Y. [Increased frequency of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in women after pregnancy]. Harefuah 1983; 105:430-431. [PMID: 6674076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Brauman A, Gilboa Y, Rosenberg T, Ramot Y, Uncyk A. [Treatment of undescended testicle with human chorionic gonadotropin]. Harefuah 1983; 104:46-8. [PMID: 6135649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Brauman A, Katzir D, Novis B, Eshchar J, Gilboa Y. [Primary sclerosing cholangitis]. Harefuah 1982; 102:287-9. [PMID: 7117957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Ramot Y, Brauman A. [Multiple endocrine adenomatosis]. Harefuah 1981; 101:375-6. [PMID: 6122630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Gilboa Y, Brauman A. [Endocrine exophthalmos]. Harefuah 1981; 101:181-4. [PMID: 6895880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Leibovitz A, Golic A, Brauman A, Gilboa Y. [Supraventricular tachycardia due to hypocalcemia]. Harefuah 1980; 99:174-5. [PMID: 7203244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Brauman A, Gilboa Y. [Transient thyrotoxicosis and occult subacute thyroiditis after pregnancy]. Harefuah 1980; 98:264-5. [PMID: 7409652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Gilboa Y, Brauman A, Rosenberg T, Hertzeanu I. The influence of acute hypercalcemia on the level of plasma growth hormone during oral glucose tolerance test. Horm Metab Res 1977; 9:489-91. [PMID: 590922 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1093506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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