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Zhao N, Wang A, Xiao Y, Zhao D, Zhao C, Yin Z, Zhang W, Zhang W, Qiu R, Xing B. Fe Crystalline Phases in Fe/C Composites Modulated the Selective Adsorption of Pb(II) from Industrial Wastewater with Cd(II): An Electronic-Scale Perspective. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38972034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Fe oxide or Fe0-based materials display weak removal capacity for Pb(II), especially in the presence of Cd(II), and the electronic-scale mechanisms are not reported. In this study, Fe3C(220) modified black carbon (BC) [Fe3C(220)@BC] with high adsorption and selectivity for Pb(II) from industrial wastewater with Cd(II) was developed. The quantitative experiment suggested that Fe species accounted for 80.5-100 and 18.4-33.8% of Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal, respectively. Based on X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis, 57.3% of adsorbed Pb2+ was reduced to Pb0; however, 61.6% of Cd2+ existed on Fe3C@BC. Density functional theory simulation unraveled that Cd(II) adsorption was attributed to the cation-π interaction with BC, whereas that of Pb(II) was ascribed to the stronger interactions with different Fe phases following the order: Fe3C(220) > Fe0(110) > Fe3O4(311). Crystal orbital bond index and Hamilton population analyses were innovatively applied in the adsorption system and displayed a unique discovery: the stronger Pb(II) adsorption on Fe phases was mediated by a combination of covalent and ionic bonding, whereas ionic bonding was mainly accounted for Cd(II) adsorption. These findings open a new chapter in understanding the functions of different Fe phases in mediating the fate and transport of heavy metals in both natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Ye Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Chuanfang Zhao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ziqin Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Weixian Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Jing L, Shi T, Chang Y, Meng X, He S, Xu H, Yang S, Liu J. Cellulose-based materials in environmental protection: A scientometric and visual analysis review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172576. [PMID: 38649055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
As sustainable materials, cellulose-based materials have attracted significant attention in the field of environmental protection, resulting in the publication of numerous academic papers. However, there is a scarcity of literature that involving scientometric analysis within this specific domain. This review aims to address this gap and highlight recent research in this field by utilizing scientometric analysis and a historical review. As a result, 21 highly cited articles and 10 mostly productive journals were selected out. The scientometric analysis reveals that recent studies were objectively clustered into five interconnected main themes: extraction of cellulose from raw materials and its degradation, adsorption of pollutants using cellulose-based materials, cellulose-acetate-based membrane materials, nanocellulose-based materials, and other cellulose-based materials such as carboxymethyl cellulose and bacterial cellulose for environmental protection. Analyzing the distribution of author keywords and thoroughly examining relevant literature, the research focuses within these five themes were summarized. In the future, the development of eco-friendly and cost-effective methods for extracting and preparing cellulose and its derivatives, particularly nanocellulose-based materials, remains an enduring pursuit. Additionally, machine learning techniques holds promise for the advancement and application of cellulose-based materials. Furthermore, there is potential to expand the research and application scope of cellulose-based materials for environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liandong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Institute of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Institute of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yulung Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Xingliang Meng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shuai He
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Institute of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hang Xu
- School of Material Science & Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Shengtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Institute of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Institute of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Perumalsamy H, Balusamy SR, Sukweenadhi J, Nag S, MubarakAli D, El-Agamy Farh M, Vijay H, Rahimi S. A comprehensive review on Moringa oleifera nanoparticles: importance of polyphenols in nanoparticle synthesis, nanoparticle efficacy and their applications. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:71. [PMID: 38373982 PMCID: PMC10877787 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is one of the popular functional foods that has been tremendously exploited for synthesis of a vast majority of metal nanoparticles (NPs). The diverse secondary metabolites present in this plant turn it into a green tool for synthesis of different NPs with various biological activities. In this review, we discussed different types of NPs including silver, gold, titanium oxide, iron oxide, and zinc oxide NPs produced from the extract of different parts of M. oleifera. Different parts of M. oleifera take a role as the reducing, stabilizing, capping agent, and depending on the source of extract, the color of solution changes within NP synthesis. We highlighted the role of polyphenols in the synthesis of NPs among major constituents of M. oleifera extract. The different synthesis methods that could lead to the formation of various sizes and shapes of NPs and play crucial role in biomedical application were critically discussed. We further debated the mechanism of interaction of NPs with various sizes and shapes with the cells, and further their clearance from the body. The application of NPs made from M. oleifera extract as anticancer, antimicrobial, wound healing, and water treatment agent were also discussed. Small NPs show better antimicrobial activity, while they can be easily cleared from the body through the kidney. In contrast, large NPs are taken by the mono nuclear phagocyte system (MPS) cells. In case of shape, the NPs with spherical shape penetrate into the bacteria, and show stronger antibacterial activity compared to the NPs with other shapes. Finally, this review aims to correlate the key characteristics of NPs made from M. oleifera extract, such as size and shape, to their interactions with the cells for designing and engineering them for bio-applications and especially for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haribalan Perumalsamy
- Institute for Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Creative Convergence Education, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sri Renukadevi Balusamy
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Johan Sukweenadhi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, 60293, Indonesia
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences (JCSMHS), Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Davoodbasha MubarakAli
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamed El-Agamy Farh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hari Vijay
- Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Shadi Rahimi
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Wu S, Jiang H, Lu J. Adsorptive performance and mechanism exploration of l-lysine functionalized celluloses for enhanced removal of Pb(II) from aqueous medium. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124997. [PMID: 37244335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two novel biosorbents of l-lysine grafted cellulose (L-PCM, L-TCF) were prepared for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions. Various adsorption parameters were surveyed, such as adsorbent dosages, initial concentration of Pb(II), temperature and pH, using adsorption techniques. At normal temperature, less adsorbent can achieve better adsorption capacity (89.71 ± 0.27 mg g-1 with 0.5 g L-1 of L-PCM, 16.84 ± 0.02 mg g-1 with 3.0 g L-1 of L-TCF). The pH range of application for L-PCM was 4-12 and that of L-TCF was 4-13. The adsorption of Pb(II) by biosorbents went through the boundary layer diffusion stage and void diffusion stage. The adsorption mechanism was chemisorption based on multilayer heterogeneous adsorption. The pseudo-second-order model fitted the adsorption kinetics perfectly. The Freundlich isotherm model adequately described Multimolecular equilibrium relationship between Pb(II) and biosorbents; the predicted maximum adsorption capacities of the two adsorbents were 904.12 and 46.74 mg g-1, respectively. The results showed that the adsorption mechanism was the electrostatic attraction between Pb(II) and -COOH and the complexation between Pb(II) and -NH2. This work demonstrated that l-lysine modified cellulose-based biosorbents have great potential in the field of Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
| | - Haoyuan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Jilai Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
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Kurniawan TW, Sulistyarti H, Rumhayati B, Sabarudin A. Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) and Cellulose Nanofibers (CNFs) as Adsorbents of Heavy Metal Ions. J CHEM-NY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/5037027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation of nanocellulose has been extensively investigated due to the growing demand for sustainable green materials. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), which have the same chemical composition but have different morphology, particle size, crystallinity, and other properties depending on the precursor and the synthesis method used. In comparison, CNC particles have a short rod-like shape and have smaller particle dimensions when compared to CNF particles in the form of fibers. CNC synthesis was carried out chemically (hydrolysis method), and CNF synthesis was carried out mechanically (homogenization, ball milling, and grinding), and both can be modified because they have a large surface area and are rich in hydroxyl groups. Modifications were made to increase the adsorption ability of heavy metal ions. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric (TG), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) can reveal the characteristics and morphology of CNCs and CNFs. The success and effectiveness of the heavy metal adsorption process are influenced by a few factors. These factors include adsorbent chemical structure changes, adsorbent surface area, the availability of active sites on the adsorbent’s surface, adsorption constants, heavy metal ionic size differences, pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and contact time during the adsorption process. In this review, we will discuss the characteristics of CNCs and CNFs synthesized from various precursors and methods, the modification methods, and the application of CNCs and CNFs as heavy metal ion adsorbents, which includes suitable isotherm and kinetics models and the effect of pH on the selectivity of various types of heavy metal ions.
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Jiang H, Wu S, Zhou J. Preparation and modification of nanocellulose and its application to heavy metal adsorption: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123916. [PMID: 36898461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are a notable pollutant in aquatic ecosystems that results in many deadly diseases of the human body after enrichment through the food chain. As an environmentally friendly renewable resource, nanocellulose can be competitive with other materials at removing heavy metal ions due to its large specific surface area, high mechanical strength, biocompatibility and low cost. In this review, the research status of modified nanocellulose for heavy metal adsorbents is primarily reviewed. Two primary forms of nanocellulose are cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The preparation process of nanocellulose was derived from natural plants, and the preparation process included noncellulosic constituent removal and extraction of nanocellulose. Focusing on heavy metal adsorption, the modification of nanocellulose was explored in depth, including direct modification methods, surface grafting modification methods based on free radical polymerization and physical activation. The adsorption principles of nanocellulose-based adsorbents when removing heavy metals are analyzed in detail. This review may further facilitate the application of the modified nanocellulose in the field of heavy metal removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Simiao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
| | - Jizhi Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, PR China.
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Green Nanoparticle-Aided Biosorption of Nickel Ions Using Four Dry Residual Biomasses: A Comparative Study. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles was performed using the sol-gel method for their use in the modification of several agricultural biomasses (orange, lemon, cassava and yam peels) to evaluate the enhancement of adsorption capacity. To this end, different particle sizes (0.355, 0.5 and 1.0 mm) and initial solution pHs (2, 4 and 6) were assessed to identify the optimum conditions for further experimentation with the selected lignocellulosic materials. The defined conditions reporting the highest removal yields were used to perform adsorption experiments for chemically modified biosorbents. The biomaterials were characterized via elemental and bromatological analysis in order to quantify their composition. After the incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles, the resulting biosorbents were characterized via FT-IR and SEM techniques. The results revealed that the pH solution significantly affects the nickel ion uptake, reaching the best performance at pH = 6 for all biomasses. Unmodified biomasses shown adsorption capacities between 18–20 mg/g. For chemically modified with TiO2 orange peels and yam peels biomass, the increase in adsorption capacities was 21.3 and 18.01 mg/g, respectively. For cassava and lemon peels chemically modified, it was found the increasing in adsorption capacities with values of 21.3 and 18.01 mg/g, respectively, which suggested that the incorporation of nanoparticles enhances adsorption capacities.
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Zerovalent Iron Nanoparticles-Alginate Nanocomposites for Cr(VI) Removal in Water—Influence of Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Matrix, and nZVI Surface Composition. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The immobilization of zerovalent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) is a way to facilitate their use in continuous flow systems for the treatment of aqueous pollutants. In this work, two types of nZVI (powdered, NSTAR; and slurry suspended, N25) were immobilized in millimetric alginate beads (AL) by coagulation, forming nanocomposites (NCs). These NCs, N25@AL and NSTAR@AL, were structurally studied and tested for Cr(VI) removal. For both NCs types, SEM analysis showed a uniform distribution of the nanoparticles in micron-scale agglomerates, and XRD analysis revealed the preservation of α-Fe as the main iron phase of the immobilized nanoparticles. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy results evidenced a partial oxidation of the initially present magnetite. For both nZVI types, the Cr(VI) removal efficiency increased with temperature, decreased with pH, and did not show any significant change in anoxic or oxic conditions. On the other hand, N25@AL resulted a faster removal agent than NSTAR@AL; however, both materials had the same maximum removal capacity: 133 mg of Cr(VI) per gram of nZVI at pH 3. Cr(III) formed during the removal of Cr(VI) was retained by the alginate matrix, constituting a clear advantage against the use of free nZVI in suspension at acidic pH.
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Yu Q, Li P, Li B, Zhang C, Zhang C, Ge Y. Effects of algal-bacterial ratio on the growth and cadmium accumulation of Chlorella salina-Bacillus subtilis consortia. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 62:518-529. [PMID: 34486742 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Algae-bacteria consortia have been proven effective in the removal of metal pollutants, but the effects of algal-bacterial ratio in the metal accumulation and resistance by this symbiotic system have not been systematically investigated. In this study, we set up consortia with various ratios of Chlorella salina-Bacillus subtilis, determined their growth, Cd accumulation, levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH), extracellular polysaccharide, phosphorus (P) in the culture medium, and functional groups of consortia after Cd treatments (0.1, 0.5, 1 mg L-1 ) for 7 days. With the addition of B. subtilis in the C. salina culture, the dry weight and specific growth rate of the consortia significantly increased compared with C. salina alone, reaching 68.33 mg and 0.382 (mg L-1 ) d-1 respectively at the 1:4 algal-bacterial ratio with 1 mg L-1 Cd treatment. Maximum Cd removal (51.66%) was also observed upon the same Cd exposure and algal-bacterial ratio. Cadmium was mostly taken up into cells at 1 mg L-1 Cd whereas its adsorption dominated the accumulation when Cd was 0.1 and 0.5 mg L-1 . The amounts of extracellular polysaccharides, GSH, and P of the symbiotic system were also increased by the bacterial addition. Besides, Fouriertransform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis showed that functional groups like N-H, O-H, and P-O-C were involved in the Cd complexation. Taken together, a higher bacterial ratio promoted the Cd accumulation and detoxification by the C. salina-B. subtilis consortia through intra- and extracellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peihuan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Benwei Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Demonstration Laboratory of Element and Life Science Research, Laboratory Centre of Life Science, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Ge
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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M R, Agrawal P, Rao NN, Sharma A, Hiremath L, K S T, Shivandappa. Modelling and efficiency assessment of the up flow fixed bed process packed with Moringa oleifera for continuous Cd(II) removal from drinking water. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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