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Carneiro MA, Pintor AMA, Boaventura RAR, Botelho CMS. Arsenic and antimony desorption in water treatment processes: Scaling up challenges with emerging adsorbents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172602. [PMID: 38653411 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The metalloids arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) belong to the pnictogen group of the periodic table; they share many characteristics, including their toxic and carcinogenic properties; and rank as high-priority pollutants in the United States and the European Union. Adsorption is one of the most effective techniques for removing both elements and desorption, for further reuse, is a part of the process to make adsorption more sustainable and feasible. This review presents the current state of knowledge on arsenic and antimony desorption from exhausted adsorbents previously used in water treatment, that has been reported in the literature. The application of different types of eluents to desorb As and Sb and their desorption performance are described. The regeneration of saturated adsorbents and adsorbate recovery techniques are outlined, including the fate of spent media and possible alternatives for waste disposal of exhausted materials. Future research directions are discussed, as well as current issues including the lack of environmental impact analysis of emerging adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko A Carneiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ariana M A Pintor
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui A R Boaventura
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cidália M S Botelho
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Jain N, Singh P, Bhatnagar A, Maiti A. Arsenite oxidation and adsorptive arsenic removal from contaminated water: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:42574-42592. [PMID: 38890252 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic poisoning of groundwater is one of the most critical environmental hazards on Earth. Therefore, the practical and proper treatment of arsenic in water requires more attention to ensure safe drinking water. The World Health Organization (WHO) sets guidelines for 10 μg/L of arsenic in drinking water, and direct long-term exposure to arsenic in drinking water beyond this value causes severe health hazards to individuals. Numerous studies have confirmed the adverse effects of arsenic after long-term consumption of arsenic-contaminated water. Here, technologies for the remediation of arsenic from water are highlighted for the purpose of understanding the need for a single-point solution for the treatment of As(III)-contaminated water. As(III) species are neutral at neutral pH; the solution requires transformation technology for its complete removal. In this critical review, emphasis was placed on single-step technologies with multiple functions to remediate arsenic from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Jain
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 247001, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 247001, India
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, 50130, Mikkeli, Fl, Finland
| | - Abhijit Maiti
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 247001, India.
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Bibi F, Hussain R, Shaikh AJ, Waseem M, Iqbal N, Loomba S, Haris M, Mahmood N. Efficient sorption of As(III) from water by magnetite decorated porous carbon extracted from a biowaste material. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:22790-22801. [PMID: 38413521 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic is a highly toxic metal that causes cancer even at a low concentration and its removal from water resources is challenging. Herein, carbon extracted from waste onion bulbs is activated to cater for porosity and functionalized with magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (named MCK6) to address the challenge of As(III) removal. Synthesized MCK6 was highly mesoporous having a surface area of 208 m2/g, where magnetite nanoparticles (≤ 10 nm) are homogeneously distributed within a porous network. The developed adsorbent inherited functional groups from the biosource and magnetic property from magnetite making it ideal for removal of As(III). Further, MCK6 showed a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qm) of 10.2 mg/g at 298 K and pH 7. The adsorption thermodynamics delineates a non-spontaneous and endothermic reaction, where the kinetics followed pseudo 2nd order (R2 value of 0.977), while monolayer formation is explained by the Langmuir model. Moreover, MCK6 efficiently works to remove As(III) in a competitive metal ions system including Pb+2, Cd+2, and Ca+2, making it a suitable adsorbent to tackle contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
- School of Science, RMIT University Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahson Jabbar Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad - Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Naseem Iqbal
- US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Suraj Loomba
- School of Engineering, RMIT University Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Muhammad Haris
- School of Engineering, RMIT University Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Nasir Mahmood
- School of Science, RMIT University Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
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Zhu H, Lin W, Fan L. Novel Method for the Arsenic Removal Experiment and Mechanism Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35893-35903. [PMID: 37810684 PMCID: PMC10552136 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the hydrothermal synthesis of magnetically activated carbon and its efficacy in As(III) adsorption. The successful incorporation of magnetite nanoparticles within the porous carbon structure was confirmed, enriching the adsorbent's properties. Comprehensive characterization was performed to analyze the pore size distribution, zeta potential at varying pH levels, and thermostability using thermogravimetric analysis. These adsorbents exhibited high As(III) removal efficiency with a uniform pore distribution. The zeta potentials were observed to decrease with an increase in pH, suggesting a relationship between adsorbent charge and pH. Adsorption dynamics were rigorously modeled using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models for different adsorbents labeled as a,b,c, and d. Each adsorbent displayed unique fitted parameters, revealing varied adsorption capabilities. The study further explored the adsorption kinetics and found that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the Langmuir model were most appropriate for describing the adsorption process. Adsorption thermodynamics was also fitted to elucidate the underlying adsorption mechanisms. For the a,b,c, and d adsorbents, the pseudo-first-order model, the qe(cal) values for the four adsorbents were 434.2, 418.4, 283.5, and 279.5 μg/g, respectively. Take adsorbent a as an example; the qm values for 298, 303, 308, and 313 K were 702, 673, 605, and 589 μg/g, respectively, and KL values of these temperatures were 0.021, 0.031, 0.018, and 0.009 L/μg, respectively. For the Langmuir model, the R2 values at the four temperatures were 0.999, 0.978, 0.985, and 0.993, respectively, which indicated that the Langmuir model showed higher fitness. For the Freundlich model, the KL values (L/μg) at the parameters of these temperatures are 432, 409, 328, and 294, respectively. For the Freundlich model, the 1/n values at temperatures of 298, 303, 308, and 313 K are 0.049, 0.045, 0.052, and 0.035, respectively. For the Freundlich model, the R2 values at parameters of 298, 303, 308, and 313 K are 0.986, 0.989, 0.982, and 0.872, respectively. For the Temkin model, the B values (in J/mol) are 30.93, 0.894, 0.824, and 0.782 at these temperatures, respectively. The KT values (in L/μg) are 1.02 × 106, 0.07 × 106, 0.003 × 106, and 0.002 × 106, respectively. The R2 values are 0.973, 0.958, 0.972, and 0.894, respectively. In the end, the ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG values for different adsorbents were calculated. Collectively, these findings contribute significant insights into the design and application of magnetically activated carbon adsorbents for effective As(III) removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- Department
of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern
Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenhui Lin
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Liwen Fan
- College
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Kazantsev SO, Suliz KV, Rodkevich NG, Lozhkomoev AS. Sorption Capacity of AlOOH/FeAl 2 Composites towards As(V). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6057. [PMID: 37687750 PMCID: PMC10488861 DOI: 10.3390/ma16176057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of wastewater from arsenic compounds is an important and urgent problem. Composite nanostructures consisting of boehmite and iron compounds have a high adsorption capacity towards As(V) specie. In this work, the adsorption properties of nanostructured composites prepared by the oxidation of bimetallic Al/Fe nanoparticles with different iron contents were investigated. As a result of oxidation, boehmite AlOOH nanosheets are formed, with the resultant FeAl2 nanoparticles being distributed on the surface of boehmite nanosheets. The nanostructured composites prepared from Al/Fe nanoparticles containing 20 wt% Fe have been found to show the highest adsorption capacity towards As(V) specie, being 248 mg/g. The adsorption isotherms are most accurately described by the Freundlich model, with the arsenic adsorption process obeying pseudo second order kinetics. As a result of the study, the optimal ratio of Al and Fe in Al/Fe nanoparticles has been determined to obtain an AlOOH/FeAl2 composite adsorbent with a developed and accessible surface and a high sorption capacity towards As(V). This allows us to consider this material as a promising adsorbent for the removal of arsenic compounds from water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aleksandr S. Lozhkomoev
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademicheskii 2/4, 634055 Tomsk, Russia; (S.O.K.); (K.V.S.); (N.G.R.)
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Grozdov D, Zinicovscaia I. Mesoporous Materials for Metal-Laden Wastewater Treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5864. [PMID: 37687556 PMCID: PMC10488830 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid technological, industrial and agricultural development has resulted in the release of large volumes of pollutants, including metal ions, into the environment. Heavy metals have become of great concern due to their toxicity, persistence, and adverse effects caused to the environment and population. In this regard, municipal and industrial effluents should be thoroughly treated before being discharged into natural water or used for irrigation. The physical, chemical, and biological techniques applied for wastewater treatment adsorption have a special place in enabling effective pollutant removal. Currently, plenty of adsorbents of different origins are applied for the treatment of metal-containing aqueous solution and wastewater. The present review is focused on mesoporous materials. In particular, the recent achievements in mesoporous materials' synthesis and application in wastewater treatment are discussed. The mechanisms of metal adsorption onto mesoporous materials are highlighted and examples of their multiple uses for metal removal are presented. The information contained in the review can be used by researchers and environmental engineers involved in the development of new adsorbents and the improvement of wastewater treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Grozdov
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str., 6, 1419890 Dubna, Russia;
| | - Inga Zinicovscaia
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str., 6, 1419890 Dubna, Russia;
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Str. MG-6, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Chemistry, Moldova State University, 3, Academiei Str, MD-2028 Chisinau, Moldova
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Kushwaha R, Singh RS, Mohan D. Comparative study for sorption of arsenic on peanut shell biochar and modified peanut shell biochar. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 375:128831. [PMID: 36878372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] removal efficiency of peanut shell biochar (PSB) and modified peanut shell biochar (MPSB) was compared in aqueous solutions. The modification was carried out with KMnO4 and KOH. Sorption efficiency of MPSB was relatively higher than PSB at pH 6 for As(III) (86%) and for As(V) (91.26%) for initial concentration of 1 mg/L, adsorbent dose of 0.5 g/L and 240 min equilibrium time at 100 rpm. Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model suggested possible multilayer chemisorption. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that -OH, C-C, CC and C-O-C groups contributed significantly in adsorption for both PSB and MPSB. Thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Regeneration studies revealed that PSB and MPSB can be successfully used for three cycles. This study established that peanut shell is a low-cost, environment friendly and efficient biochar for removal of arsenic from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kushwaha
- Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Devendra Mohan
- Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Taghavi R, Rostamnia S, Farajzadeh M, Karimi-Maleh H, Wang J, Kim D, Jang HW, Luque R, Varma RS, Shokouhimehr M. Magnetite Metal-Organic Frameworks: Applications in Environmental Remediation of Heavy Metals, Organic Contaminants, and Other Pollutants. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15747-15783. [PMID: 36173289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing environmental pollution caused by human activities, environmental remediation has become an important subject for humans and environmental safety. The quest for beneficial pathways to remove organic and inorganic contaminants has been the theme of considerable investigations in the past decade. The easy and quick separation made magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) a popular method for the removal of different pollutants from the environment. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials best known for their ultrahigh porosity. Moreover, these materials can be easily modified with useful ligands and form various composites with varying characteristics, thus rendering them an ideal candidate as adsorbing agents for MSPE. Herein, research on MSPE, encompassing MOFs as sorbents and Fe3O4 as a magnetic component, is surveyed for environmental applications. Initially, assorted pollutants and their threats to human and environmental safety are introduced with a brief introduction to MOFs and MSPE. Subsequently, the deployment of magnetic MOFs (MMOFs) as sorbents for the removal of various organic and inorganic pollutants from the environment is deliberated, encompassing the outlooks and perspectives of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Taghavi
- Organic and Nano Group (ONG), Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Rostamnia
- Organic and Nano Group (ONG), Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mustafa Farajzadeh
- Organic and Nano Group (ONG), Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, 611731 Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, 9477177870 Quchan, Iran
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, 15588 Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.,Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kazantsev SO, Lozhkomoev AS, Rodkevich NG. Preparation and Adsorption Properties of Nanostructured Composites Derived from Al/Fe Nanoparticles with Respect to Arsenic. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3177. [PMID: 36144963 PMCID: PMC9504595 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Composite nanostructures containing iron in different forms exhibit a high adsorption capacity with respect to arsenic. The aim of our study was to investigate the adsorption activity of an adsorbent composite prepared by the oxidation of bimetallic Al/Fe nanoparticles under different conditions. Depending on the oxidation conditions, nanostructures with different morphologies in the form of nanosheets, nanoplates and nanorods with different compositions and textural characteristics could be obtained. The nanostructures obtained had a positive zeta potential and were characterized by a high specific surface area: 330 m2/g for the AlOOH/FeAl2 nanosheets; 75 m2/g for the AlOOH/Fe2O3/FeAl2 nanoplates; and 43 m2/g for the Al(OH)3/FeAl2 nanorods. The distribution of an FeAl2 intermetallide over the surface of the AlOOH nanostructures led to an increase in arsenic adsorption of 25% for the AlOOH/FeAl2 nanosheets and of 34% for the AlOOH/Fe2O3/FeAl2 nanoplates and Al(OH)3/FeAl2 nanorods. The adsorption isotherms matched most preciously to the Freundlich model. This fact indicated the energy heterogeneity of the adsorbent surface and multilayer adsorption. The nanostructures studied can be used to purify water contaminated with arsenic.
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Liu J, Zhang W, Mei M, Wang T, Chen S, Li J. A Ca-rich biochar derived from food waste digestate with exceptional adsorption capacity for arsenic (III) removal via a cooperative mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Arsenic(III) and Arsenic(V) Removal from Water Sources by Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs): A Mini Review of Recent Developments. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present review article summarizes the recent findings reported in the literature with regard to the use of molecularly imprinted polymers for the removal of arsenic from water and wastewater. MIPs are polymers in which a template is employed in order to enable the formation of recognition sites during the covalent assembly of the bulk phase, via a polymerization or polycondensation process. The efficiency of both arsenic species and the mechanism of removal are highlighted. The results have shown that under certain conditions, MIPs demonstrated arsenic sorption capacities of up to 130 mg/g for As(V) and 151 mg/g for As(III), while the regeneration ability was found to reach up to more than 20 cycles. The overall results showed that further development of MIPs could result in the formation of promising adsorbents for arsenic removal from waters. The use of MIPs for the removal not only of arsenic but also other inorganic contaminants is considered a very important topic, with great potential in terms of future applications in water treatment. The main advantage of these materials is that they are very selective toward the contaminant of interest. This enhanced selectivity is attributed to the incorporation of specific templates, which can then adsorb the contaminant of interest almost exclusively. Therefore, the main problem in adsorption processes is the competition for adsorption sites by other water components, for example, phosphates, nitrates, carbonates, and sulfates, which can be circumvented by the use of MI-type adsorbents.
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12
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Tolkou AK, Trikalioti S, Makrogianni O, Xanthopoulou M, Deliyanni EA, Katsoyiannis IA, Kyzas GZ. Chromium(VI) Removal from Water by Lanthanum Hybrid Modified Activated Carbon Produced from Coconut Shells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1067. [PMID: 35407186 PMCID: PMC9000820 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cr(VI) is considered to be the most hazardous and toxic oxidation state of chromium and hence the development of effective removal technologies, able to provide water with Cr(VI) below the drinking water limits (US EPA 100 μg/L, European Commission 50 μg/L, which will be reduced to 25 by 2036) is a very important issue in water treatment. This study aimed at examining the performance of activated carbon produced from coconut shells, modified by lanthanum chloride, for Cr(VI) removal from waters. The structure of the formed material (COC-AC-La) was characterized by the application of BET, FTIR and SEM techniques. The effect of the adsorbent's dosage, pH value, contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration and water matrix was examined with respect to Cr(VI) removal. The results indicated that the maximum Cr(VI) removal was observed at pH 5; 4 h contact time and 0.2 g/L of adsorbent's dosage was adequate to reduce Cr(VI) from 100 μg/L to below 25 μg/L. Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic models fitted the experimental data sufficiently. The maximum adsorption capacity achieved was 6.3 μg/g at pH 5. At this pH value, the removal percentage of Cr(VI) reached 95% for an initial Cr(VI) concertation of 30 μg/L. At pH 7 the corresponding efficiency was roughly 60%, resulting in residual Cr(VI) concentrations below the anticipated drinking water limit of 25 μg/L of total chromium, when the initial Cr(VI) concentration was 50 μg/L. Consecutive adsorption and regeneration studies were conducted using 0.01 M of NaOH as an eluent to evaluate the reusability of the adsorbents, Results showed 20% decrease of adsorption capacity after 5 regeneration cycles of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia K. Tolkou
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.T.); (M.X.); (E.A.D.); (I.A.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece;
| | - Soultana Trikalioti
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.T.); (M.X.); (E.A.D.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Olina Makrogianni
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece;
| | - Maria Xanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.T.); (M.X.); (E.A.D.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Eleni A. Deliyanni
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.T.); (M.X.); (E.A.D.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.T.); (M.X.); (E.A.D.); (I.A.K.)
| | - George Z. Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece;
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