1
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Kato S, Kansha Y. Comprehensive review of industrial wastewater treatment techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:51064-51097. [PMID: 39107648 PMCID: PMC11374848 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Water is an indispensable resource for human activity and the environment. Industrial activities generate vast quantities of wastewater that may be heavily polluted or contain toxic contaminants, posing environmental and public health challenges. Different industries generate wastewater with widely varying characteristics, such as the quantity generated, concentration, and pollutant type. It is essential to understand these characteristics to select available treatment techniques for implementation in wastewater treatment facilities to promote sustainable water usage. This review article provides an overview of wastewaters generated by various industries and commonly applied treatment techniques. The characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Kato
- Organization for Programs on Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yasuki Kansha
- Organization for Programs on Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
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2
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Nthunya LN, Chong KC, Lai SO, Lau WJ, López-Maldonado EA, Camacho LM, Shirazi MMA, Ali A, Mamba BB, Osial M, Pietrzyk-Thel P, Pregowska A, Mahlangu OT. Progress in membrane distillation processes for dye wastewater treatment: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142347. [PMID: 38759802 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Textile and cosmetic industries generate large amounts of dye effluents requiring treatment before discharge. This wastewater contains high levels of reactive dyes, low to none-biodegradable materials and chemical residues. Technically, dye wastewater is characterised by high chemical and biological oxygen demand. Biological, physical and pressure-driven membrane processes have been extensively used in textile wastewater treatment plants. However, these technologies are characterised by process complexity and are often costly. Also, process efficiency is not achieved in cost-effective biochemical and physical treatment processes. Membrane distillation (MD) emerged as a promising technology harnessing challenges faced by pressure-driven membrane processes. To ensure high cost-effectiveness, the MD can be operated by solar energy or low-grade waste heat. Herein, the MD purification of dye wastewater is comprehensively and yet concisely discussed. This involved research advancement in MD processes towards removal of dyes from industrial effluents. Also, challenges faced by this process with a specific focus on fouling are reviewed. Current literature mainly tested MD setups in the laboratory scale suggesting a deep need of further optimization of membrane and module designs in near future, especially for textile wastewater treatment. There is a need to deliver customized high-porosity hydrophobic membrane design with the appropriate thickness and module configuration to reduce concentration and temperature polarization (CP and TP). Also, energy loss should be minimized while increasing dye rejection and permeate flux. Although laboratory experiments remain pivotal in optimizing the MD process for treating dye wastewater, the nature of their time intensity poses a challenge. Given the multitude of parameters involved in MD process optimization, artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies present a promising avenue for assistance. Thus, AI-driven algorithms have the potential to enhance overall process efficiency, cutting down on time, fine-tuning parameters, and driving cost reductions. However, achieving an optimal balance between efficiency enhancements and financial outlays is a complex process. Finally, this paper suggests a research direction for the development of effective synthetic and natural dye removal from industrially discharged wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lebea N Nthunya
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Kok Chung Chong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Soon Onn Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Woei Jye Lau
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Lucy Mar Camacho
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 2013, 700 University Blvd., Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Mohammad Mahdi A Shirazi
- Centre for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Aamer Ali
- Centre for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bhekie B Mamba
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 1709 Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Magdalena Osial
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Pietrzyk-Thel
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pregowska
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oranso T Mahlangu
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 1709 Roodepoort, South Africa.
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3
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Lawal DU, Abdulazeez I, Alsalhy QF, Usman J, Abba SI, Mansir IB, Sathyamurthy R, Kaleekkal NJ, Imteyaz B. Experimental Investigation of a Plate-Frame Water Gap Membrane Distillation System for Seawater Desalination. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:804. [PMID: 37755226 PMCID: PMC10536650 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
This study presented a detailed investigation into the performance of a plate-frame water gap membrane distillation (WGMD) system for the desalination of untreated real seawater. One approach to improving the performance of WGMD is through the proper selection of cooling plate material, which plays a vital role in enhancing the gap vapor condensation process. Hence, the influence of different cooling plate materials was examined and discussed. Furthermore, two different hydrophobic micro-porous polymeric membranes of similar mean pore sizes were utilized in the study. The influence of key operating parameters, including the feed water temperature and flow rate, was examined against the system vapor flux and gained output ratio (GOR). In addition, the used membranes were characterized by means of different techniques in terms of surface morphology, liquid entry pressure, water contact angle, pore size distribution, and porosity. Findings revealed that, at all conditions, the PTFE membrane exhibits superior vapor flux and energy efficiency (GOR), with 9.36% to 14.36% higher flux at a 0.6 to 1.2 L/min feed flow rate when compared to the PVDF membrane. The copper plate, which has the highest thermal conductivity, attained the highest vapor flux, while the acrylic plate, which has an extra-low thermal conductivity, recorded the lowest vapor flux. The increasing order of GOR values for different cooling plates is acrylic < HDPE < copper < aluminum < brass < stainless steel. Results also indicated that increasing the feed temperature increases the vapor flux almost exponentially to a maximum flux value of 30.36 kg/m2hr. The system GOR also improves in a decreasing pattern to a maximum value of 0.4049. Moreover, a long-term test showed that the PTFE membrane, which exhibits superior hydrophobicity, registered better salt rejection stability. The use of copper as a cooling plate material for better system performance is recommended, while cooling plate materials with very low thermal conductivities, such as a low thermally conducting polymer, are discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahiru U Lawal
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security (IRC-MWS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Abdulazeez
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security (IRC-MWS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qusay F Alsalhy
- Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Jamilu Usman
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security (IRC-MWS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sani I Abba
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security (IRC-MWS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim B Mansir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1045, Nigeria
| | - Ravishankar Sathyamurthy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noel Jacob Kaleekkal
- Membrane Separation Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NITC), Calicut 673601, Kerala, India
| | - Binash Imteyaz
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Jin Q, Zhang X, Li F, Zhao X. Hydrophobic modification of a PVDF hollow fiber membrane by plasma activation and silane grafting for membrane distillation. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:2806-2819. [PMID: 37318925 PMCID: wst_2023_166 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fibers were hydrophobically modified using a simple and scalable method of plasma activation and silane grafting. The effects of plasma gas, applied voltage, activation time, silane type, and concentration were investigated according to the membrane hydrophobicity and direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) performance. Two kinds of silane were used, including methyl trichloroalkyl silane (MTCS) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctane trichlorosilane silanes (PTCS). The membranes were characterized by techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle. The contact angle of the pristine membrane was 88°, which increased to 112°-116° after modification. Meanwhile, the pore size and porosity decreased. In DCMD, the maximum rejection reached 99.95% by the MTCS-grafted membrane, while the flux decreased by 35% and 65% for the MTCS- and PTCS-grafted membranes, respectively. Treating humic acid-contained solution, the modified membrane showed steadier water flux and higher salt rejection than the pristine membrane, and 100% flux recovery was achieved by simple water flushing. This two-step method of plasma activation and silane grafting is very simple and effective to improve the hydrophobicity and DCMD performance of PVDF hollow fibers. However, further study on improving the water flux should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoru Jin
- Lab of Environmental Science & Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China E-mail: ; School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; Q.J. and X.Z. are co-first authors
| | - Xue Zhang
- Lab of Environmental Science & Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China E-mail: ; Q.J. and X.Z. are co-first authors
| | - Fuzhi Li
- Lab of Environmental Science & Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China E-mail:
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Lab of Environmental Science & Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China E-mail:
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Zhou S, Huang L, Wang G, Wang W, Zhao R, Sun X, Wang D. A review of the development in shale oil and gas wastewater desalination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162376. [PMID: 36828060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of the shale oil and gas extraction industry has heightened concerns about shale oil and gas wastewater (SOGW). This review comprehensively summarizes, analyzes, and evaluates multiple issues in SOGW desalination. The detailed analysis of SOGW water quality and various disposal strategies with different water quality standards reveals the water quality characteristics and disposal status of SOGW, clarifying the necessity of desalination for the rational management of SOGW. Subsequently, potential and implemented technologies for SOGW desalination are reviewed, mainly including membrane-based, thermal-based, and adsorption-based desalination technologies, as well as bioelectrochemical desalination systems, and the research progress of these technologies in desalinating SOGW are highlighted. In addition, various pretreatment methods for SOGW desalination are comprehensively reviewed, and the synergistic effects on SOGW desalination that can be achieved by combining different desalination technologies are summarized. Renewable energy sources and waste heat are also discussed, which can be used to replace traditional fossil energy to drive SOGW desalination and reduce the negative impact of shale oil and gas exploitation on the environment. Moreover, real project cases for SOGW desalination are presented, and the full-scale or pilot-scale on-site treatment devices for SOGW desalination are summarized. In order to compare different desalination processes clearly, operational parameters and performance data of varying desalination processes, including feed salinity, water flux, salt removal rate, water recovery, energy consumption, and cost, are collected and analyzed, and the applicability of different desalination technologies in desalinating SOGW is qualitatively evaluated. Finally, the recovery of valuable inorganic resources in SOGW is discussed, which is a meaningful research direction for SOGW desalination. At present, the development of SOGW desalination has not reached a satisfactory level, and investing enough energy in SOGW desalination in the future is still necessary to achieve the optimal management of SOGW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhou
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Likun Huang
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiyu Sun
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
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Alharthi MS, Bamaga O, Abulkhair H, Organji H, Shaiban A, Macedonio F, Criscuoli A, Drioli E, Wang Z, Cui Z, Jin W, Albeirutty M. Evaluation of a Hybrid Moving Bed Biofilm Membrane Bioreactor and a Direct Contact Membrane Distillation System for Purification of Industrial Wastewater. MEMBRANES 2022; 13:16. [PMID: 36676823 PMCID: PMC9863120 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Integrated wastewater treatment processes are accepted as the best option for sustainable and unrestricted onsite water reuse. In this study, moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), membrane bioreactor (MBR), and direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) treatment steps were integrated successively to obtain the combined advantages of these processes for industrial wastewater treatment. The MBBR step acts as the first step in the biological treatment and also mitigates foulant load on the MBR. Similarly, MBR acts as the second step in the biological treatment and serves as a pretreatment prior to the DCMD step. The latter acts as a final treatment to produce high-quality water. A laboratory scale integrated MBBR/MBR/DCMD experimental system was used for assessing the treatment efficiency of primary treated (PTIWW) and secondary treated (STIWW) industrial wastewater in terms of permeate water flux, effluent quality, and membrane fouling. The removal efficiency of total dissolved solids (TDS) and effluent permeate flux of the three-step process (MBBR/MBR/DCMD) were better than the two-step (MBR/DCMD) process. In the three-step process, the average removal efficiency of TDS was 99.85% and 98.16% when treating STIWW and PTIWW, respectively. While in the case of the two-step process, the average removal efficiency of TDS was 93.83% when treating STIWW. Similar trends were observed for effluent permeate flux values which were found, in the case of the three-step process, 62.6% higher than the two-step process, when treating STIWW in both cases. Moreover, the comparison of the quality of the effluents obtained with the analysed configurations with that obtained by Jeddah Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant proved the higher performance of the proposed membrane processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh S. Alharthi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Bamaga
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Abulkhair
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam Organji
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Shaiban
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francesca Macedonio
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Alessandra Criscuoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhaoliang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wanqin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Mohammed Albeirutty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Li WP, Paing AT, Chow CA, Qua MS, Mottaiyan K, Lu K, Dhalla A, Chung TS, Gudipati C. Scale Up and Validation of Novel Tri-Bore PVDF Hollow Fiber Membranes for Membrane Distillation Application in Desalination and Industrial Wastewater Recycling. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:573. [PMID: 35736279 PMCID: PMC9229717 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel tri-bore polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes (TBHF) were scaled-up for fabrication on industrial-scale hollow fiber spinning equipment, with the objective of validating the membrane technology for membrane distillation (MD) applications in areas such as desalination, resource recovery, and zero liquid discharge. The membrane chemistry and spinning processes were adapted from a previously reported method and optimized to suit large-scale production processes with the objective of translating the technology from lab scale to pilot scale and eventual commercialization. The membrane process was successfully optimized in small 1.5 kg batches and scaled-up to 20 kg and 50 kg batch sizes with good reproducibility of membrane properties. The membranes were then assembled into 0.5-inch and 2-inch modules of different lengths and evaluated in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) mode, as well as vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) mode. The 0.5-inch modules had a permeate flux >10 L m−2 h−1, whereas the 2-inch module flux dropped significantly to <2 L m−2 h−1 according to testing with 3.5 wt.% NaCl feed. Several optimization trials were carried out to improve the DCMD and VMD flux to >5 L m−2 h−1, whereas the salt rejection consistently remained ≥99.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Paul Li
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Center (START), Nanyang Technological University—NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (W.P.L.); (A.T.P.); (C.A.C.); (M.S.Q.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Aung Thet Paing
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Center (START), Nanyang Technological University—NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (W.P.L.); (A.T.P.); (C.A.C.); (M.S.Q.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Chin Ann Chow
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Center (START), Nanyang Technological University—NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (W.P.L.); (A.T.P.); (C.A.C.); (M.S.Q.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Marn Soon Qua
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Center (START), Nanyang Technological University—NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (W.P.L.); (A.T.P.); (C.A.C.); (M.S.Q.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Karikalan Mottaiyan
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Center (START), Nanyang Technological University—NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (W.P.L.); (A.T.P.); (C.A.C.); (M.S.Q.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Kangjia Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore;
| | - Adil Dhalla
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Center (START), Nanyang Technological University—NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (W.P.L.); (A.T.P.); (C.A.C.); (M.S.Q.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Tai-Shung Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore;
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chakravarthy Gudipati
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Center (START), Nanyang Technological University—NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (W.P.L.); (A.T.P.); (C.A.C.); (M.S.Q.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
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8
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Qua MS, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Hernandez S, Paing AT, Mottaiyan K, Zuo J, Dhalla A, Chung TS, Gudipati C. Novel Sandwich-Structured Hollow Fiber Membrane for High-Efficiency Membrane Distillation and Scale-Up for Pilot Validation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:423. [PMID: 35448394 PMCID: PMC9032867 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hollow fiber membranes were produced from a commercial polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer, Kynar HSV 900, with a unique sandwich structure consisting of two sponge-like layers connected to the outer and inner skin layers while the middle layer comprises macrovoids. The sponge-like layer allows the membrane to have good mechanical strength even at low skin thickness and favors water vapor transportation during vacuum membrane distillation (VMD). The middle layer with macrovoids helps to significantly reduce the trans-membrane resistance during water vapor transportation from the feed side to the permeate side. Together, these novel structural characteristics are expected to render the PVDF hollow fiber membranes more efficient in terms of vapor flux as well as mechanical integrity. Using the chemistry and process conditions adopted from previous work, we were able to scale up the membrane fabrication from a laboratory scale of 1.5 kg to a manufacturing scale of 50 kg with consistent membrane performance. The produced PVDF membrane, with a liquid entry pressure (LEPw) of >3 bar and a pure water flux of >30 L/m2·hr (LMH) under VMD conditions at 70−80 °C, is perfectly suitable for next-generation high-efficiency membranes for desalination and industrial wastewater applications. The technology translation efforts, including membrane and module scale-up as well as the preliminary pilot-scale validation study, are discussed in detail in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marn Soon Qua
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Centre (START), Nanyang Technological University–NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (M.S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (A.T.P.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Centre (START), Nanyang Technological University–NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (M.S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (A.T.P.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Junyou Zhang
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Centre (START), Nanyang Technological University–NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (M.S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (A.T.P.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Sebastian Hernandez
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Centre (START), Nanyang Technological University–NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (M.S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (A.T.P.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Aung Thet Paing
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Centre (START), Nanyang Technological University–NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (M.S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (A.T.P.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Karikalan Mottaiyan
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Centre (START), Nanyang Technological University–NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (M.S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (A.T.P.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Jian Zuo
- Food, Chemical and Biotechnology Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore 637141, Singapore;
| | - Adil Dhalla
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Centre (START), Nanyang Technological University–NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (M.S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (A.T.P.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Tai-Shung Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 637141, Singapore
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chakravarthy Gudipati
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Centre (START), Nanyang Technological University–NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (M.S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (A.T.P.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
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