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Ali SS, Hassan LHS, El-Sheekh M. Microalgae-mediated bioremediation: current trends and opportunities-a review. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:343. [PMID: 38967670 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution poses a critical global challenge, and traditional wastewater treatment methods often prove inadequate in addressing the complexity and scale of this issue. On the other hand, microalgae exhibit diverse metabolic capabilities that enable them to remediate a wide range of pollutants, including heavy metals, organic contaminants, and excess nutrients. By leveraging the unique metabolic pathways of microalgae, innovative strategies can be developed to effectively remediate polluted environments. Therefore, this review paper highlights the potential of microalgae-mediated bioremediation as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional methods. It also highlights the advantages of utilizing microalgae and algae-bacteria co-cultures for large-scale bioremediation applications, demonstrating impressive biomass production rates and enhanced pollutant removal efficiency. The promising potential of microalgae-mediated bioremediation is emphasized, presenting a viable and innovative alternative to traditional treatment methods in addressing the global challenge of environmental pollution. This review identifies the opportunities and challenges for microalgae-based technology and proposed suggestions for future studies to tackle challenges. The findings of this review advance our understanding of the potential of microalgae-based technology wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S Ali
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Lamiaa H S Hassan
- Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-kom, 32511, Egypt
| | - Mostafa El-Sheekh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Vergel-Suarez AH, García-Martínez JB, López-Barrera GL, Urbina-Suarez NA, Barajas-Solano AF. Influence of Critical Parameters on the Extraction of Concentrated C-PE from Thermotolerant Cyanobacteria. BIOTECH 2024; 13:21. [PMID: 39051336 PMCID: PMC11270330 DOI: 10.3390/biotech13030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to identify the influence of pH, molarity, w/v fraction, extraction time, agitation, and either a sodium (Na2HPO4·7H2O-NaH2PO4·H2O) or potassium buffer (K2HPO4-KH2PO4) used in the extraction of C-phycoerythrin (C-PE) from a thermotolerant strain of Potamosiphon sp. An experimental design (Minimum Run Resolution V Factorial Design) and a Central Composite Design (CCD) were used. According to the statistical results of the first design, the K-PO4 buffer, pH, molarity, and w/v fraction are vital factors that enhance the extractability of C-PE. The construction of a CCD design of the experiments suggests that the potassium phosphate buffer at pH 5.8, longer extraction times (50 min), and minimal extraction speed (1000 rpm) are ideal for maximizing C-PE concentration, while purity is unaffected by the design conditions. This optimization improves extraction yields and maintains the desired bright purple color of the phycobiliprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrés F. Barajas-Solano
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Av. Gran Colombia No. 12E-96, Cúcuta 540003, Colombia; (A.H.V.-S.); (J.B.G.-M.); (G.L.L.-B.); (N.A.U.-S.)
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Kumar A, Mishra S, Singh NK, Yadav M, Padhiyar H, Christian J, Kumar R. Ensuring carbon neutrality via algae-based wastewater treatment systems: Progress and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 360:121182. [PMID: 38772237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of algal biorefineries has garnered considerable attention to researchers owing to their potential to ensure carbon neutrality via mitigation of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Algae-derived biofuels, characterized by their carbon-neutral nature, stand poised to play a pivotal role in advancing sustainable development initiatives aimed at enhancing environmental and societal well-being. In this context, algae-based wastewater treatment systems are greatly appreciated for their efficacy in nutrient removal and simultaneous bioenergy generation. These systems leverage the growth of algae species on wastewater nutrients-including carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus-alongside carbon dioxide, thus facilitating a multifaceted approach to pollution remediation. This review seeks to delve into the realization of carbon neutrality through algae-mediated wastewater treatment approaches. Through a comprehensive analysis, this review scrutinizes the trajectory of algae-based wastewater treatment via bibliometric analysis. It subsequently examines the case studies and empirical insights pertaining to algae cultivation, treatment performance analysis, cost and life cycle analyses, and the implementation of optimization methodologies rooted in artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms for algae-based wastewater treatment systems. By synthesizing these diverse perspectives, this study aims to offer valuable insights for the development of future engineering applications predicated on an in-depth understanding of carbon neutrality within the framework of circular economy paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Saurabh Mishra
- Institute of Water Science and Technology, Hohai University, Nanjing China, 210098, China.
| | - Nitin Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
| | - Manish Yadav
- Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Limite, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | | | - Johnson Christian
- Environment Audit Cell, R. D. Gardi Educational Campus, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
| | - Rupesh Kumar
- Jindal Global Business School (JGBS), O P Jindal Global University, Sonipat, 131001, Haryana, India.
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Fayaz T, Rana SS, Goyal E, Ratha SK, Renuka N. Harnessing the potential of microalgae-based systems for mitigating pesticide pollution and its impact on their metabolism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120723. [PMID: 38565028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Due to increased pesticide usage in agriculture, a significant concentration of pesticides is reported in the environment that can directly impact humans, aquatic flora, and fauna. Utilizing microalgae-based systems for pesticide removal is becoming more popular because of their environmentally friendly nature, ability to degrade pesticide molecules into simpler, nontoxic molecules, and cost-effectiveness of the technology. Thus, this review focused on the efficiency, mechanisms, and factors governing pesticide removal using microalgae-based systems and their effect on microalgal metabolism. A wide range of pesticides, like atrazine, cypermethrin, malathion, trichlorfon, thiacloprid, etc., can be effectively removed by different microalgal strains. Some species of Chlorella, Chlamydomonas, Scenedesmus, Nostoc, etc., are documented for >90% removal of different pesticides, mainly through the biodegradation mechanism. The antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, as well as the complex structure of microalgae cell walls, are mainly involved in eliminating pesticides and are also crucial for the defense mechanism of microalgae against reactive oxygen species. However, higher pesticide concentrations may alter the biochemical composition and gene expression associated with microalgal growth and metabolism, which may vary depending on the type of strain, the pesticide type, and the concentration. The final section of this review discussed the challenges and prospects of how microalgae can become a successful tool to remediate pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufail Fayaz
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Soujanya S Rana
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Esha Goyal
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Sachitra Kumar Ratha
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Nirmal Renuka
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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Rana QUA, Latif S, Perveen S, Haq A, Ali S, Irfan M, Gauttam R, Shah TA, Dawoud TM, Wondmie GF, Bourhia M, Badshah M. Utilization of microalgae for agricultural runoff remediation and sustainable biofuel production through an integrated biorefinery approach. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:8. [PMID: 38647842 PMCID: PMC10992472 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Generally wastewater such agricultural runoff is considered a nuisance; however, it could be harnessed as a potential source of nutrients like nitrates and phosphates in integrated biorefinery context. In the current study, microalgae Chlorella sp. S5 was used for bioremediation of agricultural runoff and the leftover algal biomass was used as a potential source for production of biofuels in an integrated biorefinery context. The microalgae Chlorella sp. S5 was cultivated on Blue Green (BG 11) medium and a comprehensive optimization of different parameters including phosphates, nitrates, and pH was carried out to acquire maximum algal biomass enriched with high lipids content. Dry biomass was quantified using the solvent extraction technique, while the identification of nitrates and phosphates in agricultural runoff was carried out using commercial kits. The algal extracted lipids (oils) were employed in enzymatic trans-esterification for biodiesel production using whole-cell biomass of Bacillus subtilis Q4 MZ841642. The resultant fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Subsequently, both the intact algal biomass and its lipid-depleted algal biomass were used for biogas production within a batch anaerobic digestion setup. Interestingly, Chlorella sp. S5 demonstrated a substantial reduction of 95% in nitrate and 91% in phosphate from agricultural runoff. The biodiesel derived from algal biomass exhibited a noteworthy total FAME content of 98.2%, meeting the quality standards set by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and European union (EU) standards. Furthermore, the biomethane yields obtained from whole biomass and lipid-depleted biomass were 330.34 NmL/g VSadded and 364.34 NmL/g VSadded, respectively. In conclusion, the findings underscore the potent utility of Chlorella sp. S5 as a multi-faceted resource, proficiently employed in a sequential cascade for treating agricultural runoff, producing biodiesel, and generating biogas within the integrated biorefinery concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qurrat Ul Ain Rana
- Sustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Saira Latif
- Sustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saleha Perveen
- Sustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haq
- Sustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Peshawar Laboratories Complex, Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Islamabad, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Ali
- Sustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Tawaf Ali Shah
- Collee of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Turki M Dawoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. BOX 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, 70000, Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Malik Badshah
- Sustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Encarnação T, Nicolau N, Ramos P, Silvestre E, Mateus A, de Carvalho TA, Gaspar F, Massano A, Biscaia S, Castro RAE, Nogueira BA, Singh P, Pacheco D, Patrício T, Fausto R, Sobral AJFN. Recycling Ophthalmic Lens Wastewater in a Circular Economy Context: A Case Study with Microalgae Integration. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:75. [PMID: 38203929 PMCID: PMC10779472 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Water pollution poses a global threat to ecosystems and human health and is driven by the presence of various contaminants in wastewater, including nano- and microplastics. Despite the magnitude of this problem, the majority of global wastewater is released untreated into water bodies. To combat this issue, a multi-strategy approach is needed. This study explores a circular economy-based solution for treating emerging pollutants, particularly wastewater from ophthalmic spectacle lens production. Our approach integrates solid waste materials into polymeric and cement matrices while also utilising wastewater for microalgae cultivation. This innovative strategy focuses on biomass generation and economic valorisation. By adopting a circular economy model, we aim to transform environmental pollutants from wastewater into valuable organic products. A key component of our approach is the utilisation of microalgae, specifically Nannochloropsis sp., known for its high lipid content and resilience. This microalgae species serves as a promising biobased feedstock, supporting the production of innovative biobased products, such as biopolymers, for ophthalmic lens manufacturing. Our interdisciplinary approach combines microalgae technology, analytical chemistry, cement production, and polymer processing to develop a sustainable circular economy model that not only addresses environmental concerns, but also offers economic benefits. This study underscores the potential of harnessing high-value products from waste streams and underscores the importance of circular economy principles in tackling pollution and resource challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Encarnação
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.E.C.); (B.A.N.); (D.P.); (R.F.); (A.J.F.N.S.)
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.A.d.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (T.P.)
- PTScience, Avenida do Atlântico, N 16, Office 5.07, Parque das Nações, 1990-019 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.N.); (P.R.); (E.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Nadia Nicolau
- PTScience, Avenida do Atlântico, N 16, Office 5.07, Parque das Nações, 1990-019 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.N.); (P.R.); (E.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Pedro Ramos
- PTScience, Avenida do Atlântico, N 16, Office 5.07, Parque das Nações, 1990-019 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.N.); (P.R.); (E.S.); (P.S.)
- Opticentro, 2460-071 Alcobaça, Portugal
| | - Elsa Silvestre
- PTScience, Avenida do Atlântico, N 16, Office 5.07, Parque das Nações, 1990-019 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.N.); (P.R.); (E.S.); (P.S.)
- Opticentro, 2460-071 Alcobaça, Portugal
| | - Artur Mateus
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.A.d.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomás Archer de Carvalho
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.A.d.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Florindo Gaspar
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.A.d.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Anabela Massano
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.A.d.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Sara Biscaia
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.A.d.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Ricardo A. E. Castro
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.E.C.); (B.A.N.); (D.P.); (R.F.); (A.J.F.N.S.)
| | - Bernardo A. Nogueira
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.E.C.); (B.A.N.); (D.P.); (R.F.); (A.J.F.N.S.)
| | - Poonam Singh
- PTScience, Avenida do Atlântico, N 16, Office 5.07, Parque das Nações, 1990-019 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.N.); (P.R.); (E.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Diana Pacheco
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.E.C.); (B.A.N.); (D.P.); (R.F.); (A.J.F.N.S.)
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.A.d.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Tatiana Patrício
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.A.d.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Rui Fausto
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.E.C.); (B.A.N.); (D.P.); (R.F.); (A.J.F.N.S.)
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Department of Physics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Bakirköy, Istanbul 34156, Turkey
| | - Abílio J. F. N. Sobral
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.E.C.); (B.A.N.); (D.P.); (R.F.); (A.J.F.N.S.)
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Moustafa AM, ElNadi MEH, Abdelmomen MM, Nagy AM. Impact of microalgae layer thickness on the treatment performance of drain water. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20785. [PMID: 38012341 PMCID: PMC10681994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The water shortage problem in Egypt has promoted the exploration of new water resources, including the use of treated agricultural drainage water. This study aims to develop an efficient and cost-effective method for the in-situ treatment of agricultural drainage water from the Bahr-ElBaqar drain using a microalgae layer. The objective was to establish the optimal thickness of the layer for achieving the highest removal efficiency of pollutants from the drain's wastewater. Practical work was performed on a pilot consisting of five channels with four channels having microalgae with different thicknesses and fixed lengths of 50 cm, and the fifth channel acting as a buffer channel to assimilate the drain water without any treatment microalgae layer. After the experiment, it was discovered that a 10-mm layer of microalgae was the most effective thickness for eliminating pollutants from wastewater. The removal efficiencies were 29% for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 46.9% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 56.1% for total suspended solids (TSS) removal. This experiment provided evidence that microalgae could represent a viable solution for in-situ treatment of agricultural drainage wastewater with high removal efficiencies for pollutants in wastewater and decreased the need for constructing huge and expensive wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Moustafa Moustafa
- Sanitary Engineering Section, Public Works Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Hosseiny ElNadi
- Sanitary Engineering Section, Public Works Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Abdelmomen
- Sanitary Engineering Section, Public Works Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Mohamed Nagy
- Sanitary Engineering Section, Public Works Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Singh NK, Sanghvi G, Yadav M, Padhiyar H, Christian J, Singh V. Fate of pesticides in agricultural runoff treatment systems: Occurrence, impacts and technological progress. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117100. [PMID: 37689336 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The levels of pesticides in air, water, and soil are gradually increasing due to its inappropriate management. In particular, agricultural runoff inflicts the damages on the ecosystem and human health at massive scale. Present study summarizes 70 studies in which investigations on removal or treatment of pesticides/insecticides/herbicides are reported. A bibliometric analysis was also done to understand the recent research trends through the analysis of 2218 publications. The specific objectives of this study are as follows: i) to inventorize the characteristics details of agriculture runoff and analyzing the occurrence and impacts of pesticides, ii) analyzing the role and interaction of pesticides in different environmental segments, iii) investigating the fate of pesticides in agriculture runoff treatment systems, iv) summarizing the experiences and findings of most commonly technology deployed for pesticides remediation in agriculture runoff including target pesticide(s), specifications, configuration of technological intervention. Among the reported technologies for pesticide treatment in agriculture runoff, constructed wetland was at the top followed by algal or photobioreactor. Among various advanced oxidation processes, photo Fenton method is mainly used for pesticides remediation such as triazine, methyl parathion, fenuron and diuron. Algal bioreactors are extensively used for a wide range of pesticides treatment including 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, alachlor, diuron, chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, and imidacloprid; especially at lower hydraulic retention time of 2-6 h. This study highlights that hybrid approaches can offers potential opportunities for effective removal of pesticides in a more viable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Marwadi University, Rajkot, 360003, Gujarat, India.
| | - Gaurav Sanghvi
- Department of Microbiology, Marwadi University, Rajkot, 360003, Gujarat, India
| | - Manish Yadav
- Central Mine Planning Design and Institute, Bhubaneswar, 751013, Odisha, India
| | | | - Johnson Christian
- Environmental Audit Cell, Dr. R. D. Gardi Education Campus Rajkot, 360110, Gujarat India
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, 382715, Gujarat, India
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Chakraborty B, Gayen K, Bhowmick TK. Transition from synthetic to alternative media for microalgae cultivation: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165412. [PMID: 37429469 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, microalgae have drawn attention as a most feasible alternative and sustainable feedstock for biofuel production. However, laboratory-scale and pilot-scale studies revealed that producing only biofuels through the microalgal route is economically unfeasible. The high cost of synthetic media is one concern, and low-cost alternative cultivation media would replace synthetic media to culture microalgae for economic benefit. This paper critically consolidated the advantages of alternative media over synthetic media for microalgae cultivation. A comparative analysis of the compositions of synthetic and alternative media was made to evaluate the potential use of alternative media in microalgae cultivation. Investigations on microalgae cultivation using alternative media derived from different waste materials, such as domestic, farm, agricultural, industrial, etc., are highlighted. Vermiwash is another alternative media that contains essential micro and macronutrients required for the cultivation of microalgae. Two prime techniques, such as mix-waste culture media and recycling culture media, may provide more economic benefit for the large-scale production of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, West Tripura, Tripura 799046, India
| | - Kalyan Gayen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, West Tripura, Tripura 799046, India.
| | - Tridib Kumar Bhowmick
- Department of Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, West Tripura, Tripura 799046, India.
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Abreu AP, Martins R, Nunes J. Emerging Applications of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina ( Arthrospira) sp. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:955. [PMID: 37627840 PMCID: PMC10451540 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. account for over 90% of the global microalgal biomass production and represent one of the most promising aquiculture bioeconomy systems. These microorganisms have been widely recognized for their nutritional and therapeutic properties; therefore, a significant growth of their market is expected, especially in the nutraceutical, food, and beverage segments. However, recent advancements in biotechnology and environmental science have led to the emergence of new applications for these microorganisms. This paper aims to explore these innovative applications, while shedding light on their roles in sustainable development, health, and industry. From this state-of-the art review, it was possible to give an in-depth outlook on the environmental sustainability of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. For instance, there have been a variety of studies reported on the use of these two microorganisms for wastewater treatment and biofuel production, contributing to climate change mitigation efforts. Moreover, in the health sector, the richness of these microalgae in photosynthetic pigments and bioactive compounds, along with their oxygen-releasing capacity, are being harnessed in the development of new drugs, wound-healing dressings, photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, tissue engineering, and anticancer treatments. Furthermore, in the industrial sector, Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. are being used in the production of biopolymers, fuel cells, and photovoltaic technologies. These innovative applications might bring different outlets for microalgae valorization, enhancing their potential, since the microalgae sector presents issues such as the high production costs. Thus, further research is highly needed to fully explore their benefits and potential applications in various sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Abreu
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal; (R.M.); (J.N.)
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal; (R.M.); (J.N.)
| | - João Nunes
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal; (R.M.); (J.N.)
- BLC3 Evolution Lda, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
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