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Milošević N, Milanović M, Sazdanić Velikić D, Sudji J, Jovičić-Bata J, Španović M, Ševo M, Lukić Šarkanović M, Torović L, Bijelović S, Milić N. Biomonitoring Study of Toxic Metal(loid)s: Levels in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients. TOXICS 2024; 12:490. [PMID: 39058142 PMCID: PMC11281202 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate heavy metal(loid)s (Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, and As) in lung cancer patients in order to elucidate their role as lung cancer environmental risk factors. Sixty-three patients of both sexes with adenocarcinoma stage IIIB or IV were enrolled in this research. The heavy metal(loid) urine concentrations were measured using ICP-MS. Arsenic was quantified above 10 μg/L in 44.44% of the samples. Nickel urinary concentrations above the ToxGuide reference levels were found in 50.79% of the samples, while lead was quantified in 9.52% of the urine samples. The urinary chromium levels were above the mean ToxGuide levels in 41.27% of the patients and were significantly higher in men in comparison with women (p = 0.035). The chromium urinary concentrations were positively associated with the CRP serum levels (p = 0.037). Cadmium was quantified in 61.90% of the samples with levels significantly higher in females than in males (p = 0.023), which was associated with smoking habits. Mercury was measured above the limit of quantification in 63.49% of the samples and was not associated with amalgam dental fillings. However, the Hg urinary concentrations were correlated positively with the ALT (p = 0.02), AST (p < 0.001), and GGT (p < 0.001) serum levels. In 46.03% of the samples, the Mo concentrations were above 32 μg/L, the mean value for healthy adults according to the ToxGuide, and 9.52% of the patients had Mn levels higher than 8 μg/L, the reference value for healthy adults based on ToxGuide data. The obtained results are preliminary, and further studies are needed to have a deeper insight into metal(loid) exposure's association with lung cancer development, progression, and survival prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Milošević
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.M.); (J.J.-B.); (L.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Maja Milanović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.M.); (J.J.-B.); (L.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Danica Sazdanić Velikić
- Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Pulmonary Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia;
| | - Jan Sudji
- Institute of Occupational Health Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.S.); (M.Š.)
| | - Jelena Jovičić-Bata
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.M.); (J.J.-B.); (L.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Milorad Španović
- Institute of Occupational Health Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.S.); (M.Š.)
| | - Mirjana Ševo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- IMC Banja Luka-Center of Radiotherapy, Part of Affidea Group, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mirka Lukić Šarkanović
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Clinic for Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Pain Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Ljilja Torović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.M.); (J.J.-B.); (L.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Sanja Bijelović
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Nataša Milić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.M.); (J.J.-B.); (L.T.); (N.M.)
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Mihali C, Dippong T. Water quality assessment of Remeți watercourse, Maramureș, Romania, located in a NATURA 2000 protected area subjected to anthropic pressure. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2023; 257:104216. [PMID: 37385207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed the evolution of water indicators of Remeți water body that is located in the Remeți locality in the Upper Tisa, a Natura 2000 protected area. Thus, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, temperature, pH, turbidity, ammonium concentration (NH4+), nitrates (NO3-), nitrites (NO2-), orthophosphate (PO43-), dissolved Fe, Mn, water hardness, alkalinity (A) and chloride were measured over the January (I)-October (X) 2021 period. This water course was subjected to anthropic pressure, being polluted with nutrients such as ammonium and orthophosphate ions, iron and manganese. The concentrations of other metals were either low (Al, Ba, Li, Ga, Rb, Ni, Sr, Zn, Cu, Ti) or below the detection limit (Pb, Cd). The study was performed over a period of 8 months, namely January 2021-October 2021, covering the 4 seasons, in order to establish their influence on the level of water quality indicators. Exceeded turbidity values and high concentrations of ammonium, orthophosphate and dissolved iron were found, these being generally higher in the summer-autumn months. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were low in the summer-autumn months. Based on the values of the physico-chemical indicators, two types of water quality indices WA-WQI (weighted arithmetic water quality indices) and CCME-WQI (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment water quality indices) were calculated to evaluate the global water quality and its evolution over the seasons with a single value. WA-WQI values varied in the range of 78.56-761.63, with a tendency to increase in autumn, showing an intensified tendency of global water quality deterioration due to an increase in ammonium, turbidity, iron and orthophosphates in autumn months while CCME-WQI values were between 39.6 and 68.9, being fair in winter-spring months and marginal / bad in summer and autumn months. The results of this study are advantageous in identifying the level of pollution of Remeți water course, being a signal for local authorities in taking the necessary measures to reduce the pollution around it, for a better human health and conservation of the ecosystems hosted in the protected area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mihali
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, North University Centre at Baia Mare, Faculty of Science, 76 Victoriei Street, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania
| | - Thomas Dippong
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, North University Centre at Baia Mare, Faculty of Science, 76 Victoriei Street, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania.
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Antunović V, Blagojević D, Baošić R, Relić D, Lolić A. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil, plant, and water samples near "Gacko" power plant, in Bosnia and Herzegovina. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:596. [PMID: 37079193 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses heavy metal content in soil, water, and plant material from sites located around the lignite mine and the power plant "Gacko", Bosnia and Herzegovina. The samples were collected, prepared, and analyzed for heavy metals content using the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Samples were analyzed for cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, manganese, and iron. To identify the relationship among the metals in samples and their possible sources, Pearson's correlation and principal component analysis were performed. Health risk assessment was applied to establish potential health risks posed to humans caused by contaminants in different environmental compartments. The results of our analyses show that most soil samples contain copper, and one of those samples had a copper concentration of more than 70 µg/g, which is a critical upper value for agricultural use. In the soil samples that were analyzed, cadmium was also detected, and its concentration was greater than 2 µg/g. Lead, on the other hand, had a concentration that was higher than the maximum permissible for unpolluted soils in 40% of the soil samples that were analyzed. Lead and cadmium concentrations in surface waters mostly contribute to a non-carcinogenic risk in the scenario of recreational swimming exposure. The presence of Cd, a highly toxic element in water, may be explained by the leaching of artificial fertilizers used in the study area, whereas Pb's origin may be geological. The results of this study recommend routine heavy metal monitoring in samples of soil, water, and plants from the examined area so that, if metal concentrations continue increasing, remedial action should be advised to prevent accumulation in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Antunović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Save Mrkalja 14, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragana Blagojević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Banja Luka, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Rada Baošić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dubravka Relić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandar Lolić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Dippong T, Resz MA. Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Groundwaters in the Protected Area of Tisa River Basin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14898. [PMID: 36429618 PMCID: PMC9691208 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to assess the chemistry (41 metalloids and heavy metals and 16 physico-chemical indicators) of groundwater sampled from the protected area of the Tisa River Basin during the months of 2021. Pollution indices were used in order to determine the potential metal pollution level. Consequently, a non-carcinogenic risk assessment of metal through the ingestion of water was done. The results indicated general contamination with ammonium, chloride, iron, and manganese. The samples were rich in Cu, Mg, and Pb, but lower than the maximum limits. Significant correlations were noticed between Al-Fe, Mn-Fe, Mn-Ni, and Cr-Zn, as well as the metal content and pollution index scores. The metal pollution indices indicated three pollution levels (low, medium, and high) based on the metal content and standards regarding the water quality used for drinking purposes. The pollution indices scores ranged from 1.52-41.2. A human health risk assessment indicated no potential non-carcinogenic risk for the studied metals through the consumption of groundwater. The results of three different tools (chronic daily intake, hazard quotient, and hazard index) were below the critical value, except for the aluminium in two samples. This study is one of the first attempts to evaluate the quality of groundwater sources associated with the human health risks of the studied metals from the Tisa River Basin protected area. Based on this research, strategies for managing and controlling the risks can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dippong
- Faculty of Science, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 76 Victoriei Street, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania
| | - Maria-Alexandra Resz
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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