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da Silva TCB, Chaúque BJM, Benitez GB, Rott MB. Global prevalence of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae in sewage and sewage-related environments-systematic review with meta-analysis. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:148. [PMID: 38433138 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Free-living amoebae (FLA) include amphizoic microorganisms important in public health, widely isolated from air, water, and soil. However, its occurrence in sewage-related environments still needs to be systematically documented. This study summarizes the occurrence of FLA in sewage-related environments through a systematic review with meta-analysis. A total of 1983 scientific article were retrieved from different databases, of which 35 were selected and analyzed using a random effects forest plot model with a 95% confidence interval (IC). The pooled overall prevalence of FLA in sewage across 12 countries was 68.96% (95% IC = 58.5-79.42). Subgroup analysis indicates high prevalence in all environments analyzed, including sewage water from the sewage treatment plant (81.19%), treated sewage water (75.57%), sewage-contaminated water (67.70%), sediment contaminated by sewage (48.91%), and sewage water (47.84%). Prevalence values of Acanthamoeba spp., Hartmanella/Vermamoeba spp., and Naegleria spp. are 47.48%, 28.24%, and 16.69%, respectively. Analyzing the species level, the distribution is as follows: Acanthamoeba palestinensis (88%), A. castellanii (23.74%), A. astronyxis (19.18%), A. polyphaga (13.59%), A. culbertsoni (12.5%), A. stevensoni (8.33%), A. tubiashi (4.35%) and A. hatchetti (1.1%), Naegleria fowleri (28.4%), N. gruberi (25%), N. clarki (8.33%), N. australiensis (4.89%) and N. italica (4.29%), Hartmannella/Vermamoeba exundans (40%) and H.V. vermiform (32.61%). Overall, our findings indicate a high risk associated with sewage-related environments, as the prevalence of FLA, including pathogenic strains, is high, even in treated sewage water. The findings of this study may be valuable both for risk remediation actions against amoebic infections and for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaisla Cristiane Borella da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Beni Jequicene Mussengue Chaúque
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
- Center of Studies in Science and Technology (NECET), Biology Course, Universidade Rovuma, Niassa Branch, Lichinga, Mozambique
| | - Guilherme Brittes Benitez
- Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program, Polytechnic School, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marilise Brittes Rott
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.
- Laboratory 520, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, N 2600, Brazil.
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Li M, Chen L, Zhao F, Tang J, Bu Q, Feng Q, Yang L. An innovative risk evaluation method on soil pathogens in urban-rural ecosystem. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132286. [PMID: 37595464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The presence and reproduction of pathogens in soil environment have significant negative impacts on soil security and human health in urban-rural ecosystem. Rapid urbanization has dramatically changed the land use, soil ecosystems, and the presence of pathogens in soil environment, however, the risk associated with soil pathogens remains unknown. Identifying the potential risk of pathogens in soils in urban-rural ecosystem has become an urgent issue. In this study, we established a risk evaluation method for soil pathogens based on analytic hierarchy process and entropy methods to quantitatively estimate the potential risk of soil pathogens to children and adults in urban-rural ecosystem. The abundance and species number of soil pathogens, network structure of soil microbial community, and human exposure factors were considered with 12 indicators to establish the risk evaluation system. The results revealed that 19 potential pathogenic bacteria were detected in soils within a typical urban-rural ecosystem. Substantial differences were observed in both abundance and species of soil pathogens as well as network structure of soil microbial community from urban to rural areas. Urban areas exhibited relatively lower levels of soil pathogenic abundance, but the microbial network was considerably unstable. Rural areas supported relatively higher levels of soil pathogenic abundance and stable microbial networks. Notably, peri-urban areas showed relatively unstable microbial networks alongside higher levels of soil pathogenic abundance compared to other areas. The risk evaluation of soil pathogens for both adults and children showed that peri-urban areas presented the highest potential risk, with children being more susceptible than adults to threats posed by soil pathogens in both urban and peri-urban areas. The established evaluation system provides an innovative approach for quantifying risk of soil pathogens at regional scale and can be used as a reference for preventing soil pathogens contamination and enhancing soil health in areas with intense human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liding Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fangkai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jianfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qingwei Bu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qingyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Aoki M, Takemura Y, Kawakami S, Yoochatchaval W, Tran P. T, Tomioka N, Ebie Y, Syutsubo K. Quantitative detection and reduction of potentially pathogenic bacterial groups of Aeromonas, Arcobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex, and Mycobacterium in wastewater treatment facilities. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291742. [PMID: 37768925 PMCID: PMC10538766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Water quality parameters influence the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. The genera Aeromonas, Arcobacter, Klebsiella, and Mycobacterium are among the representative pathogenic bacteria identified in wastewater. However, information on the correlations between water quality and the abundance of these bacteria, as well as their reduction rate in existing wastewater treatment facilities (WTFs), is lacking. Hence, this study aimed to determine the abundance and reduction rates of these bacterial groups in WTFs. Sixty-eight samples (34 influent and 34 non-disinfected, treated, effluent samples) were collected from nine WTFs in Japan and Thailand. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis revealed the presence of Aeromonas, Arcobacter, and Mycobacterium in all influent wastewater and treated effluent samples. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to quantify the abundance of Aeromonas, Arcobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex (KpSC), and Mycobacterium. The geometric mean abundances of Aeromonas, Arcobacter, KpSC, and Mycobacterium in the influent wastewater were 1.2 × 104-2.4 × 105, 1.0 × 105-4.5 × 106, 3.6 × 102-4.3 × 104, and 6.9 × 103-5.5 × 104 cells mL-1, respectively, and their average log reduction values were 0.77-2.57, 1.00-3.06, 1.35-3.11, and -0.67-1.57, respectively. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients indicated significant positive or negative correlations between the abundances of the potentially pathogenic bacterial groups and Escherichia coli as well as water quality parameters, namely, chemical/biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, and oxidation-reduction potential. This study provides valuable information on the development and appropriate management of WTFs to produce safe, hygienic water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Aoki
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Takemura
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuji Kawakami
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Nagaoka College, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Wilasinee Yoochatchaval
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thao Tran P.
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noriko Tomioka
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ebie
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Syutsubo
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Center of Water Environment Technology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Bian Z, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li T, Grundy S, Yang Q, Cheng R. A Review of Environment Effects on Nitrate Accumulation in Leafy Vegetables Grown in Controlled Environments. Foods 2020; 9:E732. [PMID: 32503134 PMCID: PMC7353485 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of nitrates in vegetables is a common issue that poses a potential threat to human health. The absorption, translocation, and assimilation of nitrates in vegetables are tightly regulated by the interaction of internal cues (expression of related genes and enzyme activities) and external environmental factors. In addition to global food security, food nutritional quality is recognized as being of strategic importance by most governments and other agencies. Therefore, the identification and development of sustainable, innovative, and inexpensive approaches for increasing vegetable production and concomitantly reducing nitrate concentration are extremely important. Under controlled environmental conditions, optimal fertilizer/nutrient element management and environmental regulation play vital roles in producing vegetables with low nitrate content. In this review, we present some of the recent findings concerning the effects of environmental factors (e.g., light, temperature, and CO2) and fertilizer/nutrient solution management strategies on nitrate reduction in vegetables grown under controlled environments and discuss the possible molecular mechanisms. We also highlight several perspectives for future research to optimize the yield and nutrition quality of leafy vegetables grown in controlled environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Bian
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.B.); (T.L.); (Q.Y.)
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG25 0QF, UK; (Y.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG25 0QF, UK; (Y.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.B.); (T.L.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Steven Grundy
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG25 0QF, UK; (Y.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Qichang Yang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.B.); (T.L.); (Q.Y.)
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Ruifeng Cheng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.B.); (T.L.); (Q.Y.)
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Monitoring Opportunistic Pathogens in Domestic Wastewater from a Pilot-Scale Anaerobic Biofilm Reactor to Reuse in Agricultural Irrigation. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater reuse for agricultural irrigation in many developing countries is an increasingly common practice. Regular monitoring of indicators can help to identify potential health risks; therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the presence and abundance of opportunistic pathogens in wastewater, as well as plant phyllosphere and rhizosphere. In this study, an anaerobic biofilm reactor (ABR) was developed to treat rural domestic wastewater; the performance of pollutants removal and pathogenic bacteria elimination were investigated. Additionally, we also assessed the physicochemical and microbiological profiles of soil and lettuces after wastewater irrigation. Aeromonas hydrophila, Arcobacter sp., Bacillus cereus, Bacteroides sp., Escherichia coli, Legionella sp., and Mycobacterium sp. were monitored in the irrigation water, as well as in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of lettuces. Pathogens like B. cereus, Legionella sp. and Mycobacterium sp. were present in treated effluent with relatively high concentrations, and the levels of A. hydrophila, Arcobacter sp., and E. coli were higher in the phyllosphere. The physicochemical properties of soil and lettuce did not vary significantly. These data indicated that treated wastewater irrigation across a short time period may not alter the soil and crop properties, while the pathogens present in the wastewater may transfer to soil and plant, posing risks to human health.
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Ahmad K, Wajid K, Khan ZI, Ugulu I, Memoona H, Sana M, Nawaz K, Malik IS, Bashir H, Sher M. Evaluation of Potential Toxic Metals Accumulation in Wheat Irrigated with Wastewater. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:822-828. [PMID: 30955046 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to ascertain the level of various metals in wheat variety (Chagi-4) irrigated with diverse doses of wastewater. The concentration of metals in soil, water and wheat grain samples was examined through an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In wheat grains, the mean values of metals (mg/kg) varied from 0.06 to 0.2 for Pb, 1.2 to 1.6 for Cd, 0.6 to 0.9 for Ni, 0.8 to 1.6 for Fe, 0.4 to 1.0 for Mn, 0.7 to 1.4 for Cu, 0.3 to 0.5 for Cr, 0.1 to 0.9 for Zn and 0.03 to 0.2 for Co, correspondingly. Measured concentrations were found within the permissible limit given by FAO/WHO except for cadmium whose concentration exceeded an acceptable limit 0.2 mg/kg suggested by FAO/WHO. It might be due to high soil pH, which hinders the efficient transfer of metals between different mediums. Wastewater irrigated soil, wheat and water had high metal values, but the low rate of transfer was noticed from soil to grains. Higher bioconcentration factor was obtained for manganese and cadmium; cadmium had even higher pollution load index, which could indicate the contamination status of soil. Therefore, regular monitoring of wastewater is necessary to prevent the excessive build-up of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Wajid
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ilker Ugulu
- Buca Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hafsa Memoona
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Sana
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Nawaz
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | | | - Humayun Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Cui B, Luo J, Jin D, Jin B, Zhuang X, Bai Z. Investigating the bacterial community and amoebae population in rural domestic wastewater reclamation for irrigation. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 70:97-105. [PMID: 30037415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reclamation of domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation is viewed as a sustainable option to create an alternative water source and address water scarcity. Free-living amoebae (FLA), which are amphizoic protozoa, are widely distributed in various environmental sources. The FLA could cause considerable environmental and health risks. However, little information is available on the risk of these protozoa. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility using rural domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation, and analyzed dynamic changes of the microbial community structure and FLA populations in raw and treated wastewater, as well as the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of lettuce production sites that were irrigated with different water sources. The bacterial community dynamics were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The bacterial community structures in the influent were similar to that in the effluent, while in some cases relative abundances varied significantly. The populations of Acanthamoeba spp. and Hartmannella vermiformis in the anaerobically treated wastewater were significantly higher than in the raw wastewater. The vegetables could harbor diverse amoebae, and the abundances of Acanthamoeba spp. and H. vermiformis in the rhizosphere were significantly higher than in the phyllosphere. Accordingly, our studies show insight into the distribution and dissemination of amoebae in wastewater treatment and irrigation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjian Cui
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinxue Luo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Decai Jin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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