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Sensoy E, Citirik M. Evaluation of Current Artificial Intelligence Programs on the Knowledge of Glaucoma. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2024. [PMID: 39047763 DOI: 10.1055/a-2327-8484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To measure the success of three different artificial intelligence chatbots, ChatGPT, Bard, and Bing, in correctly answering questions about glaucoma types and treatment modalities and to examine their superiority over each other. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two questions about glaucoma types and treatment modalities were asked using the ChatGPT, Bard, and Bing chatbots. The correct and incorrect answers were also provided. Accuracy rates were compared. OUTCOMES Questions asked: ChatGPT answered 56.3%, Bard 78.1%, and Bing 59.4% correctly. There was no statistically significant difference between the three artificial intelligence chatbots in the rate of correct and incorrect answers to the questions asked (p = 0.195). CONCLUSION Artificial intelligence chatbots can be used as a tool to access accurate information regarding glaucoma types and treatment modalities. However, the information obtained is not always accurate, and care should be taken when using this information.
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Kim JM, Choi YJ. Myopia and Nutrient Associations with Age-Related Eye Diseases in Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional KNHANES Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1276. [PMID: 38732522 PMCID: PMC11085160 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the prevalence of myopia, cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration among Koreans over 40, utilizing data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII, 2018). We analyzed 204,973 adults (44% men, 56% women; mean age 58.70 ± 10.75 years), exploring the association between myopia and these eye diseases through multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for confounders and calculating adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results showed a myopia prevalence of 44.6%, cataracts at 19.4%, macular degeneration at 16.2%, and glaucoma at 2.3%, with significant differences across ages and genders. A potential link was found between myopia and an increased risk of cataracts and macular degeneration, but not with glaucoma. Additionally, a higher dietary intake of carbohydrates, polyunsaturated and n-6 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals correlated with lower risks of these diseases, underscoring the importance of the diet in managing and preventing age-related eye conditions. These findings highlight the need for dietary considerations in public health strategies and confirm myopia as a significant risk factor for specific eye diseases in the aging Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Mee Kim
- Department of Visual Optics, Far East University, Eumseong 27601, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yean-Jung Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
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Tonti E, Dell'Omo R, Filippelli M, Spadea L, Salati C, Gagliano C, Musa M, Zeppieri M. Exploring Epigenetic Modifications as Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2822. [PMID: 38474069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, a complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Despite significant advancements in our understanding of its pathogenesis and management, early diagnosis and effective treatment of glaucoma remain major clinical challenges. Epigenetic modifications, encompassing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression and cellular processes. The aim of this comprehensive review focuses on the emerging field of epigenetics and its role in understanding the complex genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying glaucoma. The review will provide an overview of the pathophysiology of glaucoma, emphasizing the intricacies of intraocular pressure regulation, retinal ganglion cell dysfunction, and optic nerve damage. It explores how epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, can influence gene expression, and how these mechanisms are implicated in glaucomatous neurodegeneration and contribute to glaucoma pathogenesis. The manuscript discusses evidence from both animal models and human studies, providing insights into the epigenetic alterations associated with glaucoma onset and progression. Additionally, it discusses the potential of using epigenetic modifications as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for more personalized and targeted glaucoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Tonti
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Dell'Omo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariaelena Filippelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Spadea
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Caterina Gagliano
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna "Kore", Piazza dell'Università, 94100 Enna, Italy
- Eye Clinic, Catania University, San Marco Hospital, Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Mutali Musa
- Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City 300238, Nigeria
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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4
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Khan J, Shaw S. Risk of cataract and glaucoma among older persons with diabetes in India: a cross-sectional study based on LASI, Wave-1. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11973. [PMID: 37488196 PMCID: PMC10366202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the International Diabetes Federation-2019 estimates, India is home to 77 million diabetic individuals which is projected to grow up to 147.2 million by 2045. Diabetes being a progressive health disorder leads to multiple morbidities and complications including eye diseases and visual impairments. As the burden of diabetes mellitus is increasing, eye problems like cataracts and glaucoma are commonly cited problems among the older adults. In this context, this study aims to provide the public health evidences on diabetes associated burden and risk of developing cataracts and glaucoma among older adults aged 60 and above in India. The analytical sample of this cross-sectional study comprised of 31,464 individuals aged 60 and above. Bivariate cross-tabulation and chi-square test were performed to understand the differential in the prevalence of cataracts and glaucoma by diabetes mellitus including the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the individuals. Binary logistic regression estimation was executed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio for each of the outcome variables within a multivariate framework. The cataract problem affects more than one-fifth of the older people, while glaucoma affects 2% of them. The prevalence of cataract and glaucoma is 29% among diabetic older adults compared to 22% among non-diabetic persons. In terms of gender, the cataract prevalence is comparatively higher among females (25%) than males (21%). It is important to note that while adjusting for socio-economic and demographic characteristics, the likelihood of cataract (AOR 1.495; p-value < 0.01) and glaucoma (AOR 1.554; p-value < 0.01) is significantly higher among older adults with diabetes than among their counterparts. Medical practitioners should conduct prognosis for diabetic eye problems among patients and raise awareness about the potential risks of developing vision loss, such as cataracts and glaucoma, which are more prevalent among individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Khan
- Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Subhojit Shaw
- Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
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5
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Hodrea J, Tran MN, Besztercei B, Medveczki T, Szabo AJ, Őrfi L, Kovacs I, Fekete A. Sigma-1 Receptor Agonist Fluvoxamine Ameliorates Fibrotic Response of Trabecular Meshwork Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11646. [PMID: 37511406 PMCID: PMC10380218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma remains a global issue, lacking a definitive treatment. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered the primary risk factor of the disease and it can be caused by fibrotic-like changes in the trabecular meshwork (TM) such as increased tissue stiffness and outflow resistance. Previously, we demonstrated that the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) agonist fluvoxamine (FLU) has anti-fibrotic properties in the kidney and lung. In this study, the localization of the S1R in TM cells was determined, and the anti-fibrotic efficacy of FLU was examined in both mouse and human TM cells. Treatment with FLU reduced the F-actin rearrangement, inhibited cell proliferation and migration induced by the platelet-derived growth factor and decreased the levels of fibrotic proteins. The protective role of the S1R in fibrosis was confirmed by a more pronounced increase in alpha smooth muscle actin and F-actin bundle and clump formation in primary mouse S1R knockout TM cells. Furthermore, FLU demonstrated its protective effects by increasing the production of nitric oxide and facilitating the degradation of the extracellular matrix through the elevation of cathepsin K. These findings suggest that the S1R could be a novel target for the development of anti-fibrotic drugs and offer a new therapeutic approach for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Hodrea
- MTA-SE Lendület "Momentum" Diabetes Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Minh Ngoc Tran
- MTA-SE Lendület "Momentum" Diabetes Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 72712, Vietnam
| | - Balazs Besztercei
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Timea Medveczki
- MTA-SE Lendület "Momentum" Diabetes Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila J Szabo
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Őrfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Illes Kovacs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Fekete
- MTA-SE Lendület "Momentum" Diabetes Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
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Rathore A, Reich DA, Qadir N, Harrison C. A Case Report of Culture-Negative Necrotizing Fasciitis With Low Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) Score: A Diagnostic Dilemma. Cureus 2023; 15:e37268. [PMID: 37162772 PMCID: PMC10164443 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score is a diagnostic tool used to help clinicians identify necrotizing fasciitis (NF) in its early stages. This tool uses six laboratory values including the patient's white blood cell count, C-reactive protein level, serum sodium level, creatinine level, and hemoglobin level to help with risk stratification. Each of these laboratory values is assigned a point value and the total score is used to determine the likelihood that a patient has NF, with a score of 6 or higher considered to be strongly indicative. The LRINEC score has gained popularity in recent years, having been included in guidelines and society recommendations for the management of NF. However, some studies have challenged the validity of the LRINEC score. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of NF is imperative given the associated mortality rate, which can be as high as 30%-40%, especially if the diagnosis is delayed. We present a case of a patient with a delayed diagnosis of NF that was initially missed in the early stages in the setting of a low LRINEC, however, growing clinical suspicion eventually led to an accurate diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeem Rathore
- Internal Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Daniel A Reich
- Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - Nadim Qadir
- Internal Medicine, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, USA
| | - Charles Harrison
- Internal Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, USA
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Filippelli M, Campagna G, Ciampa N, Fioretto G, Giannini R, Marino PF, dell’Omo R, Costagliola C. Ocular Tolerability of Bimatoprost 0.1 mg/mL Preservative-Free versus Bimatoprost 0.1 mg/mL with Benzalkonium Chloride or Bimatoprost 0.3 mg/mL Preservative-Free in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123518. [PMID: 35743588 PMCID: PMC9224644 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether the therapeutic switch from a formulation of Bimatoprost 0.1 mg/mL with benzalkonium chloride (BAK) or Bimatoprost 0.3 mg/mL preservative-free to a formulation of Bimatoprost 0.1 mg/mL preservative-free could improve eye surface conditions in patients with glaucoma; intraocular pressure (IOP) was also evaluated. All patients meeting the inclusion criteria were eligible for the therapeutic switch to Bimatoprost 0.1 mg/mL preservative-free. At each check visit, enrolled patients underwent a break-up time (BUT) test, an ocular surface disease index (OSDI) test, and a three-point tonometric curve. A total of 40 patients were enrolled (23 were in therapy with Bimatoprost 0.1 mg/mL with BAK and 17 with Bimatoprost 0.3 mg/mL preservative-free). Significant differences of OSDI and BUT between Bimatoprost 0.1 mg/mL with BAK at baseline vs. Bimatoprost 0.1 mg/mL preservative-free at 14 and 28 days (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0003, respectively) were recorded. Similarly, significant differences of OSDI and BUT between Bimatoprost 0.3 mg/mL preservative-free at baseline vs. Bimatoprost 0.1 mg/mL preservative-free at 14 and 28 days (p < 0.0001 for both) were found. Bimatoprost 0.1 mg/mL preservative-free has a better tolerability profile associated with non-therapeutical inferiority in the control of IOP compared to the other Bimatoprost formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaelena Filippelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (R.d.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppe Campagna
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nicola Ciampa
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.C.); (G.F.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Gaetano Fioretto
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.C.); (G.F.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Roberta Giannini
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Camillo Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pier Franco Marino
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.C.); (G.F.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Roberto dell’Omo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (R.d.); (C.C.)
| | - Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (R.d.); (C.C.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.C.); (G.F.); (P.F.M.)
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Crabtree L, Lee E. Assessment of the readability and quality of online patient education materials for the medical treatment of open-angle glaucoma. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2022; 7:e000966. [PMID: 35415266 PMCID: PMC8961144 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivePatient adherence to glaucoma medications is poor, and is linked to low literacy levels. Patients commonly use the internet to access health information, and it is recommended that patient information is written at an 11-year-old reading level. The aim of this study is to assess the readability and quality of online patient education materials for the medical management of open angle glaucoma.Methods and analysisThe top 10 relevant Google searches for nine glaucoma medications (timolol, brimonidine, apraclonidine, dorzolamide, latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost and brinzolamide) and three generic searches were analysed for readability and accountability. Readability was assessed using Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Gunning Fog Index (GFI) and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook Index (SMOG). Webpages were classified by source and assessed using Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks of accountability.Results111 articles were included in the analysis. Mean readability scores were: FRES 55.5 (95% CI 53.4 to 57.5); FKGL 9.7 (95% CI 9.3 to 10.0); GFI 12 (95% CI 11.6 to 12.4) and SMOG 9.3 (95% CI 8.9 to 9.6). One-way analysis of variance demonstrated no significant difference in readability score between source type. 9% of the webpages satisfied all 4 JAMA benchmarks. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed a correlation between the FRES and accountability score (r=0.19, p=0.045).ConclusionThe majority of online patient education materials for the medical treatment of glaucoma are written at a level too difficult for the general population and fail to meet accountability standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois Crabtree
- Medicine and Surgery, Epsom and Saint Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust Epsom Hospital, Epsom, UK
| | - Edward Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Epsom and Saint Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust Epsom Hospital, Epsom, UK
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Allison K, Patel D, Alabi O. Epidemiology of Glaucoma: The Past, Present, and Predictions for the Future. Cureus 2020; 12:e11686. [PMID: 33391921 PMCID: PMC7769798 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial optic degenerative neuropathy characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells. It is a combination of vascular, genetic, anatomical, and immune factors. Glaucoma poses a significant public health concern as it is the second leading cause of blindness after cataracts, and this blindness is usually irreversible. It is estimated that 57.5 million people worldwide are affected by primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). People over 60 years of age, family members of those already diagnosed with glaucoma, steroid users, diabetics, as well as those with high myopia, hypertension, central cornea thickness of <5 mm, and eye injury are at an increased risk of glaucoma. By 2020, it is expected that approximately 76 million people will suffer from glaucoma with that number estimated to reach 111.8 million by 2040. In this article, we perform an extensive literature review focusing on the epidemiology of glaucoma and try to determine the number of people affected; we categorize them by sex, location, and level of income. Furthermore, we strive to estimate the future projection of the disease in the next 20 years (2040) while determining the disease burden, including the cost involved in treating and preventing the disease and the disease and disability projection of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepkumar Patel
- Public Health, New York Medical College, School of Health Science and Practice, Valhalla, USA
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