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Rajiah PS, Suman G, Vijay K, Venugopal N, Mansoori B, Chalian M, Agarwal AK. Multisystem Imaging Manifestations of Kidney Failure. Radiographics 2024; 44:e230124. [PMID: 39052499 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Kidney failure (KF) refers to a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate to below 15 ml/min per 1.73 m2, necessitating renal replacement therapy with dialysis or renal transplant. The hemodynamic and metabolic alterations in KF combined with a proinflammatory and coagulopathic state leads to complex multisystemic complications. The imaging hallmark of systemic manifestations of KF is bone resorption caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism. Other musculoskeletal complications include brown tumor, osteosclerosis, calcinosis, soft-tissue calcification, and amyloid arthropathy. Cardiovascular complications and infections are the leading causes of death in KF. Cardiovascular complications include accelerated atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, myocardial calcinosis, and venous thromboembolism. Neurologic complications such as encephalopathy, osmotic demyelination, cerebrovascular disease, and opportunistic infections are also frequently encountered. Pulmonary complications include edema and calcifications. Radiography and CT are used in assessing musculoskeletal and thoracic complications, while MRI plays a key role in assessing neurologic and cardiovascular complications. CT iodinated contrast material is generally avoided in patients with KF except in situations where the benefit of contrast-enhanced CT outweighs the risks and in patients already undergoing maintenance dialysis. At MRI, group II gadolinium-based contrast material can be safely administered in patients with KF. The authors discuss the extrarenal systemic manifestations of KF, the choice of imaging modality in their assessment, and imaging findings of complications. ©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Shantha Rajiah
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 559905 (P.S.R., G.S.); UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (K.V.); University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (N.V., B.M., M.C.); and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (A.K.A.)
| | - Garima Suman
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 559905 (P.S.R., G.S.); UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (K.V.); University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (N.V., B.M., M.C.); and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (A.K.A.)
| | - Kanupriya Vijay
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 559905 (P.S.R., G.S.); UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (K.V.); University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (N.V., B.M., M.C.); and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (A.K.A.)
| | - Nitin Venugopal
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 559905 (P.S.R., G.S.); UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (K.V.); University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (N.V., B.M., M.C.); and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (A.K.A.)
| | - Bahar Mansoori
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 559905 (P.S.R., G.S.); UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (K.V.); University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (N.V., B.M., M.C.); and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (A.K.A.)
| | - Majid Chalian
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 559905 (P.S.R., G.S.); UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (K.V.); University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (N.V., B.M., M.C.); and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (A.K.A.)
| | - Amit Kumar Agarwal
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 559905 (P.S.R., G.S.); UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (K.V.); University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (N.V., B.M., M.C.); and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (A.K.A.)
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Maragkoudakis S, Tzanakis I, Mamaloukaki M, Damianakis N, Michelakis E, Marketou M, Vittorakis E, Sideras E, Katsi V, Kochiadakis G. Oxygen venous saturation is associated with subclinical myocardial systolic dysfunction in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Arch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis 2024; 9:e94-e101. [PMID: 39086619 PMCID: PMC11289276 DOI: 10.5114/amsad/188091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the impact of hemodialysis (HD) on myocardial injury, of both right and left ventricle function as well as their association with venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) alterations. Material and methods We included in the study stable consecutive patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing regular HD. Right and left ventricular speckle-tracking echocardiographies were performed in all patients. The examination calculates the global systolic longitudinal strain (GLS). Blood samples were obtained from the central vein in order to measure the O2 saturation (ScvO2) levels prior and post HD. High sensitive troponin (HST) was also measured in all patients before and after HD. Results Thirty seven patients were evaluated. We found that both mean ScvO2 and left ventricle GLS (LV GLS) were deteriorated after the dialysis session: 76.47 ±1.98 to 71.54 ±5.10, p < 0.05 and -17.73 ±3.44 to -14.21 ±3.44%, p < 0.01, respectively. HST levels were increased at the end of hemodialysis, 22.45 ±13.26 to 106.78 ±146.19 pg/ml, p < 0.01. A significant correlation was also found between the decrease of LV GLS with the ScvO2 reduction, p = 0.001, as well as with the increase of the HST levels, p = 0.001. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that there is a significant worsening of the GLS of the left ventricle at the end of the dialysis, which is strongly associated with the concomitant deterioration of ScvO2. The may be a reliable index of circulatory stress indicating a subclinical myocardial dysfunction during HD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis Tzanakis
- Nephrology Department of General Hospital of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Maria Marketou
- First Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Hippokrateion General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Vasiliki Katsi
- First Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Hippokrateion General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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K P, A A, M S, Prasad R. Exploring the Relationship Between Serum Phosphate Levels and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Correlational Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e60308. [PMID: 38883001 PMCID: PMC11177249 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Compelling observational data suggest that heightened levels of fasting blood phosphate are linked to a higher likelihood of cardiovascular disease, spanning across both the general populace and individuals grappling with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to explore the possible correlation between carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and blood phosphate levels among those afflicted with chronic renal dysfunction. Objective The primary goal of this study is to determine the potential association between blood phosphate levels and CIMT in patients with CKD. Methodology In the department of nephrology, prospective research was conducted among patients who had a history of CKD. A total of 30 patients were included, with 20 males and 10 females. Every case had a thorough physical examination and history. Every patient underwent a laboratory evaluation, which included measurements of the CIMT and renal function testing. At a distance of 1 cm from the carotid bulb, the CIMT was measured using B-mode ultrasonography. After compilation, the data were examined. Results The majority of the patients, according to this study, were male and over 50 years old. The Stage II patients in the study had a higher mean systolic blood pressure; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Patients with Stage V (D) disease exhibited higher diastolic blood pressure, but not statistically significant. An increase in the mean serum creatinine level that was statistically significant was linked to Stage V (D) renal disease. A higher mean blood urea was linked to Stage V (D) sickness; however, this relationship was not statistically significant. There was no statistical difference in the mean serum calcium levels between the different stages of renal disease. Higher mean blood phosphate levels were linked to Stage III renal disease, but not in a statistically meaningful way. Although it was higher in Stage IV kidney disease, the mean CIMT was not statistically significant between the stages of renal illness. Conclusions Although a positive correlation was shown, a direct relationship between serum phosphate levels was not established by this investigation. The severity of renal disease has been demonstrated to correlate with elevated serum phosphate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar K
- Medicine, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, IND
| | - Anitha A
- Medicine, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, IND
| | - Sanjana M
- Medicine, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, IND
| | - Roshan Prasad
- Medicine and Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Canova TJ, Issa R, Baxter P, Thomas I, Eltahawy E, Ekwenna O. Cerebrovascular Disease Hospitalization Rates in End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients with Kidney Transplant and Peripheral Vascular Disease: Analysis Using the National Inpatient Sample (2005-2019). Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:454. [PMID: 38391829 PMCID: PMC10887507 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) face higher cerebrovascular risk. Yet, the impact of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and kidney transplantation (KTx) on hospitalization rates for cerebral infarction and hemorrhage remains underexplored. Analyzing 2,713,194 ESKD hospitalizations (2005-2019) using the National Inpatient Sample, we investigated hospitalization rates for ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases concerning ESKD, PVD, KTx, or their combinations. Patients hospitalized with cerebral infarction due to thrombosis/embolism/occlusion (CITO) or artery occlusion resulting in cerebral ischemia (AOSI) had higher rates of comorbid ESKD and PVD (4.17% and 7.29%, respectively) versus non-CITO or AOSI hospitalizations (2.34%, p < 0.001; 2.29%, p < 0.001). Conversely, patients hospitalized with nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage (NIH) had significantly lower rates of ESKD and PVD (1.64%) compared to non-NIH hospitalizations (2.34%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, hospitalizations for CITO or AOSI exhibited higher rates of KTx and PVD (0.17%, 0.09%, respectively) compared to non-CITO or AOSI hospitalizations (0.05%, p = 0.033; 0.05%, p = 0.002). Patients hospitalized with NIH showed similar rates of KTx and PVD (0.04%) versus non-NIH hospitalizations (0.05%, p = 0.34). This nationwide analysis reveals that PVD in ESKD patients is associated with increased hospitalization rates with cerebral ischemic events and reduced NIH events. Among KTx recipients, PVD correlated with increased hospitalizations for ischemic events, without affecting NIH. This highlights management concerns for patients with KTx and PVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler John Canova
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Rochell Issa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Patrick Baxter
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Ian Thomas
- Department of Nephrology & Transplant, Mount St. John's Medical Center, St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Ehab Eltahawy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Obi Ekwenna
- Department of Urology & Transplant, The University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Kuzekanani M, Arabpour F. Latest Concepts in the Endodontic Management of Kidney Patients. Cureus 2024; 16:e54474. [PMID: 38510849 PMCID: PMC10954038 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Doubtlessly, kidney patients present a common challenge in endodontic practice, so specialists in this field should know and follow several key points regarding this group of medically compromised patients. This review paper aims to explain kidney disease and its complications, as well as notify and discuss the latest concepts on anesthesia, pain management, antibiotic prophylaxis/stewardship, and the risk of viral diseases for these patients, and also the oral manifestations of kidney diseases that may guide endodontists to diagnose kidney intervention and prevent hazardous consequences that may happen during or following endodontic practice on these patients. For this purpose, relevant keywords were searched on Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science to find published papers from 1980 to July 2023. Based on the quality, validity, and novelty 57 published articles were selected to provide this review to notify the most important concepts and considerations regarding endodontic management of kidney patients. Overall, it is concluded that training and education of general dentists, as well as endodontic specialists with strong technical, scientific, human, and moral knowledge about kidney patients, with emphasis on the philosophy of prevention of common dangerous systemic consequences originating from endodontic treatments, is the responsibility of dental schools in undergraduate as well as post-graduate programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kuzekanani
- Endodontics, Endodontology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Kerman, IRN
| | - Fatemeh Arabpour
- Orthodontics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IRN
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Karumanchi P, Sridharan D, Hoppensteadt D, Siddiqui F, Fareed J, Bansal V. Thromboinflammatory Biomarkers of Cardiorenal Syndrome in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2024; 30:10760296241263101. [PMID: 38863224 PMCID: PMC11179552 DOI: 10.1177/10760296241263101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a prevalent complication in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis. In the ESRD patient population, cardiovascular mortality is 20 times higher compared to the general population. The strong relationship between both illnesses can be explained through cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). CRS encompasses a spectrum of disorders involving both the heart and kidneys in which acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce a similar effect in the other organ. Current literature reveals that inflammation and thrombosis are integral to CRS development. Hence, this study aims to demonstrate whether thromboinflammatory biomarkers and laboratory parameters correlate with ESRD progression and the development of CRS. Ninety-five ESRD patients were recruited at Loyola University Medical Center hemodialysis unit. Epic chart analysis was used to determine patients with CRS. Biomarkers (C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, Annexin V, L-fatty acid binding protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, nitric oxide, von Willebrand factor, D-dimer, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) were profiled using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in patients with and without CRS in the ESRD cohort. All biomarkers were significantly elevated in ESRD patients compared to normal controls (P < .05) and laboratory parameters, ferritin (521.99 ± 289.33) and PTH (442.91 ± 1.50). Through EPIC chart analysis 47% of ESRD patients have CRS. D-dimer and TNF-α were significantly elevated in patients with CRS compared to patients without CRS. This study suggests that biomarkers, D-dimer, and TNF-α, can be good predictors of CRS in ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Divya Sridharan
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Health Science Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Fakiha Siddiqui
- Program in Health Sciences, UCAM - Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Health Science Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Health Science Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Vinod Bansal
- Department of Nephrology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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7
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Lin W, Mousavi F, Blum BC, Heckendorf CF, Moore J, Lampl N, McComb M, Kotelnikov S, Yin W, Rabhi N, Layne MD, Kozakov D, Chitalia VC, Emili A. Integrated metabolomics and proteomics reveal biomarkers associated with hemodialysis in end-stage kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1243505. [PMID: 38089059 PMCID: PMC10715419 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: We hypothesize that the poor survival outcomes of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis are associated with a low filtering efficiency and selectivity. The current gold standard criteria using single or several markers show an inability to predict or disclose the treatment effect and disease progression accurately. Methods: We performed an integrated mass spectrometry-based metabolomic and proteomic workflow capable of detecting and quantifying circulating small molecules and proteins in the serum of ESKD patients. Markers linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) were validated on human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes. Results: We identified dozens of elevated molecules in the serum of patients compared with healthy controls. Surprisingly, many metabolites, including lipids, remained at an elevated blood concentration despite dialysis. These molecules and their associated physical interaction networks are correlated with clinical complications in chronic kidney disease. This study confirmed two uremic toxins associated with CVD, a major risk for patients with ESKD. Conclusion: The retained molecules and metabolite-protein interaction network address a knowledge gap of candidate uremic toxins associated with clinical complications in patients undergoing dialysis, providing mechanistic insights and potential drug discovery strategies for ESKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Lin
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fatemeh Mousavi
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin C. Blum
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christian F. Heckendorf
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jarrod Moore
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Noah Lampl
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark McComb
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sergei Kotelnikov
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Wenqing Yin
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nabil Rabhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew D. Layne
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dima Kozakov
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Vipul C. Chitalia
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Andrew Emili
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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Abdullahi AH, Ismail Z, Obeidat O, Alzghoul H, Hurlock NP, Tarawneh M, Elsadek R, Ismail MF, Smock AL. In-hospital outcomes of PCI in patients who have ESRD vs non-ESRD patients, a retrospective study involving a National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2023; 56:43-49. [PMID: 37331888 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). ESRD is known to affect a large portion of the American population. Previous data for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the setting of ESRD for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and non-ACS etiologies have shown to have an increase in in-hospital mortality, and prolonged hospitalization among other complications. METHODS The national inpatient sample (NIS) was used to identify patients who underwent PCI between the years 2016-2019. Patients were then grouped into those with ESRD on renal replacement therapy (RRT). Logistic regression models were employed to assess the primary outcome of in-hospital mortality, while linear regression models were utilized to evaluate secondary outcomes, including hospitalization cost and length of stay. RESULTS A total of 21,366 unweighted observations were initially included, consisting of 50 % ESRD patients and 50 % randomly selected patients without ESRD who underwent PCI. These observations were weighted to represent a national estimate of 106,830 patients. The mean age of the study population was 65 years, and 63 % of the patients were male. The ESRD group had a greater representation of minority groups compared to the control group. The in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in the ESRD group compared to the control group, with an odds ratio of 1.803 (95 % CI: 1.502 to 2.164; p-value of 0.0002). Additionally, the ESRD group had significantly higher healthcare costs and longer length of stay, with a mean difference of $47,618 (95 % CI: $42,701 to $52,534, p-value <0.0001) and 2.933 days (95 % CI, 2.729 to 3.138 days, p-value <0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSION In-hospital mortality, cost, and length of stay for patients undergoing PCI were found to be significantly greater in the ESRD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah H Abdullahi
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education, United States of America; HCA Florida North Florida Hospital, Internal Medicine Residency Program, 6500 W Newberry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32605, United States of America
| | - Zeeshan Ismail
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education, United States of America; HCA Florida North Florida Hospital, Internal Medicine Residency Program, 6500 W Newberry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32605, United States of America
| | - Omar Obeidat
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education, United States of America; HCA Florida North Florida Hospital, Internal Medicine Residency Program, 6500 W Newberry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32605, United States of America.
| | - Hamza Alzghoul
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education, United States of America; HCA Florida North Florida Hospital, Internal Medicine Residency Program, 6500 W Newberry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32605, United States of America.
| | - Natalie P Hurlock
- Graduate Medical Education, Physician Services Group, HCA Research, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Tarawneh
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education, United States of America; HCA Florida North Florida Hospital, Internal Medicine Residency Program, 6500 W Newberry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32605, United States of America
| | - Rabab Elsadek
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education, United States of America; HCA Florida North Florida Hospital, Internal Medicine Residency Program, 6500 W Newberry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32605, United States of America
| | - Mohamed F Ismail
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education, United States of America; HCA Florida North Florida Hospital, Internal Medicine Residency Program, 6500 W Newberry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32605, United States of America
| | - Andrew L Smock
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education, United States of America; HCA Florida North Florida Hospital, Internal Medicine Residency Program, 6500 W Newberry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32605, United States of America
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9
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Wu KL, Chen CL, Thi Nguyen MH, Tsai JC, Wang SC, Chiang WF, Hsiao PJ, Chan JS, Hou JJ, Ma N. MicroRNA regulators of vascular pathophysiology in chronic kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 551:117610. [PMID: 37863246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a severe comorbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to heavy calcification in the medial layer and inflamed plaques. Chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and vascular calcification are major contributors that lead to artherosclerosis in CKD. The lack of specific symptoms and signs of CAD and decreased accuracy of noninvasive diagnostic tools result in delayed diagnosis leading to increased mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators present in various biofluids throughout the body. In the circulation, miRNAs have been reported to be encapsulated in extracellular vesicles and serve as stable messengers for crosstalk among cells. miRNAs are involved in pathophysiologic mechanisms including CAD and can potentially be extended from basic research to clinical translational practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Lin Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lung Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mai-Huong Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Sun-Chong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fang Chiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Hsiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Shyong Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju Jung Hou
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nianhan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Parikh TB, Aziz M, Mackoff SP, Aisenberg GM. HEART and TIMI Scores Predict Severe Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease. Cureus 2023; 15:e40408. [PMID: 37456397 PMCID: PMC10348035 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives History, EKG, age, risk factors, and troponin (HEART) and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) risk calculators have been validated to predict the risk of subsequent acute coronary syndromes and in some studies, severe coronary atherosclerosis in patients with a concerning clinical history. Their performance in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a population with a high pretest probability for the condition, is unknown. We aimed to determine whether HEART and TIMI scores can predict severe coronary atherosclerosis in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods A single-center retrospective cohort of admitted patients aged 18 years or older with ESRD on dialysis who underwent coronary angiography during admission (November 2010 to December 2017) was retrospectively reviewed. The outcome of coronary angiography was compared with the calculated HEART and TIMI scores at the time of presentation. Receiver operating characteristics and logistic regression models were used to determine optimal score cutoffs, score usefulness, and associations between outcomes, scores, and patient characteristics. Results Among 231 patient encounters, the mean HEART and TIMI scores were 6±2 and 3±1 points, respectively. Patients with diabetes mellitus, those 65 years old and older, and those reported to have angina pectoris were more likely to show severe coronary artery disease (CAD) lesions. Optimal score cutoffs for determining severe coronary lesions were between six and seven (area under the curve (AUC)=0.754, confidence interval (CI): 0.682-0.826) and between three and four (AUC=0.716, CI: 0.640-0.792) for the HEART and TIMI scores, respectively. Conclusion Similar to the general population, HEART and TIMI scores can predict severe coronary atherosclerosis in the complex ESRD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trishna B Parikh
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas, John P and Kathrine G McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Moez Aziz
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas, John P and Kathrine G McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Samuel P Mackoff
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas, John P and Kathrine G McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Gabriel M Aisenberg
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas, John P and Kathrine G McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, USA
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11
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Chou AH, Hsieh ML, Lin YS, Chen DY, Chu PH, Chen SW. Long-term outcome of acute type A aortic dissection repair in chronic kidney disease patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33762. [PMID: 37171340 PMCID: PMC10174411 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Preoperative renal dysfunction is associated with mortality in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) repair. However, the long-term outcome of chronic kidney dysfunction (CKD) in ATAAD is unclear. The study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcome of CKD in patients with ATAAD repair. We retrospectively studied patients with ATAAD repair using data from the Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between July 1, 2004, and December 31, 2013. The outcomes of interest included all-cause mortality, readmission due to any cause, redo aortic surgery, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, and liver and renal outcomes. There were 3328 patients who received ATAAD repair. These patients were divided into CKD and non-CKD groups. In-hospital mortality in the CKD group was significantly higher than that in the non-CKD group (32.5% vs 18.8%, respectively, odds ratio 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37-3.36). During long-term follow-up, patients with CKD had higher risks of all-cause mortality including in-hospital death (52.6% vs 32.5%; hazard ratio 1.83, 95% CI 1.32-2.55), mortality after discharge (29.7% vs 16.8%; hazard ratio 2.09, 95% CI 1.02-4.29), and readmission rates (67.1% vs 51.6%; subdistribution hazard ratio 2.00, 95% CI 1.43-2.79). However, no significant difference was observed between the dialysis and non-dialysis groups. On the basis of our results, patients with CKD carry a poor long-term outcome after ATAAD repair. Cardiac surgeons should be aware of this condition when dealing with ATAAD repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Hsun Chou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Yi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Wei Chen
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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12
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Koh SJQ, Yap J, Jiang Y, Sng GGR, Low YH, Lau YH, Sin YKK, Yeo KK. Clinical outcomes in end stage renal disease on dialysis and severe coronary artery disease: A real-world study. Int J Cardiol 2023; 378:105-110. [PMID: 36796490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal management of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been determined. METHODS Between 2013 and 2017, all patients with ESRD on dialysis who had left main (LM) disease, triple vessel disease (TVD) and/or severe CAD for consideration of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) were included. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on final treatment modality: CABG, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), optimal medical therapy (OMT). Outcome measures include in-hospital, 180-day, 1-year and overall mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). RESULTS In total, 418 patients were included (CABG 11.0%, PCI 65.6%, OMT 23.4%). Overall, 1-year mortality and MACE rates were 27.5% and 55.0% respectively. Patients who underwent CABG were significantly younger, more likely to have LM disease and have no prior heart failure. In this non-randomized setting, treatment modality did not impact on 1-year mortality, although the CABG group had significantly lower 1-year MACE rates (CABG 32.6%, PCI 57.3%, OMT 59.2%; CABG vs. OMT p < 0.01, CABG vs. PCI p < 0.001). Independent predictors of overall mortality include STEMI presentation (HR 2.31, 95% CI 1.38-3.86), prior heart failure (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.22-2.75), LM disease (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.26-2.31), NSTE-ACS presentation (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.03-1.91) and increased age (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.04). CONCLUSION Treatment decisions for patients with severe CAD with ESRD on dialysis are complex. Understanding independent predictors of mortality and MACE in specific treatment subgroups may provide valuable insights into the selection of optimal treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Yap
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yilin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yi Hua Low
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee How Lau
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoong Kong Kenny Sin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khung Keong Yeo
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
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13
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Clingan MJ, Zhang Z, Caserta MP, Cox KL, Gupta V, Baumgarten DA, Zhai QJ, Alexander LF. Imaging Patients with Kidney Failure. Radiographics 2023; 43:e220116. [PMID: 37053100 DOI: 10.1148/rg.220116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The approach to imaging a patient with kidney failure continues to evolve. Overstatement of the risk of iodinated contrast material-induced (ie, contrast-induced) acute kidney injury and new guidelines for administration of gadolinium-based contrast media affect screening and the choice of contrast material. Treatment of kidney failure requires dialysis or a kidney transplant. Pretransplant imaging includes assessment for the feasibility of performing a transplant and evaluation for underlying malignancy and peripheral vascular disease. Patients with kidney failure are at high risk for renal cell carcinoma. Subtypes that occur exclusively or more commonly in patients with kidney failure, such as acquired cystic kidney disease, renal cell carcinoma, and clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma, have specific clinical-pathologic characteristics, with indolent behavior. Performing US for dialysis planning increases the success of placement of an arteriovenous fistula, while postoperative US evaluation is essential in assessment of access dysfunction. Systemic manifestations in patients with kidney failure are multifactorial and may relate to the underlying cause of renal failure or may be secondary to treatment effects. Disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism and soft-tissue and vascular calcifications are seen in patients with chronic kidney disease and mineral bone disorder. Neurologic and cardiothoracic complications are also common. The authors provide a comprehensive overview of imaging considerations for patients with kidney failure, including the appropriate use of CT, MRI, and US with their respective contrast agents; the use of imaging in transplant workup and dialysis assessment; and the common renal and extrarenal manifestations of kidney failure. ©RSNA, 2023 Quiz questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jennings Clingan
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.J.C., Z.Z., M.P.C., K.L.C., V.G., D.A.B., L.F.A.) and Pathology (Q.J.Z.), Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville FL 32224
| | - Zhao Zhang
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.J.C., Z.Z., M.P.C., K.L.C., V.G., D.A.B., L.F.A.) and Pathology (Q.J.Z.), Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville FL 32224
| | - Melanie P Caserta
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.J.C., Z.Z., M.P.C., K.L.C., V.G., D.A.B., L.F.A.) and Pathology (Q.J.Z.), Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville FL 32224
| | - Kelly L Cox
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.J.C., Z.Z., M.P.C., K.L.C., V.G., D.A.B., L.F.A.) and Pathology (Q.J.Z.), Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville FL 32224
| | - Vivek Gupta
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.J.C., Z.Z., M.P.C., K.L.C., V.G., D.A.B., L.F.A.) and Pathology (Q.J.Z.), Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville FL 32224
| | - Deborah A Baumgarten
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.J.C., Z.Z., M.P.C., K.L.C., V.G., D.A.B., L.F.A.) and Pathology (Q.J.Z.), Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville FL 32224
| | - Qihui Jim Zhai
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.J.C., Z.Z., M.P.C., K.L.C., V.G., D.A.B., L.F.A.) and Pathology (Q.J.Z.), Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville FL 32224
| | - Lauren F Alexander
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.J.C., Z.Z., M.P.C., K.L.C., V.G., D.A.B., L.F.A.) and Pathology (Q.J.Z.), Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville FL 32224
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14
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Safety Evaluation and Effect Deconstruction of Blood Lipid Test in the Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7126659. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7126659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With the increase in the number of cardiovascular patients in China, this paper must use better detection methods to examine these patients. Blood lipid testing is a quantitative method for the determination of lipids contained in blood (plasma). Blood lipids are the general term for neutral fats (triglycerides and cholesterol) and lipids (phospholipids, glycolipids, sterols, and steroids) in plasma, which are widely present in the human body. At the same time, this paper also applies this technology to different examination procedures at various current stages. Cardiovascular disease, also known as circulatory system disease, is a series of diseases involving the circulatory system. The circulatory system refers to the organs and tissues that transport blood in the human body, mainly including the heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and microvessels), which can be subdivided into acute and chronic and are generally related to arteriosclerosis. In recent years, the most widely used is blood lipid measurement. Therefore, this paper proposes a study on the safety evaluation and effect analysis of blood lipid testing in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease patients. This article focuses on the causes of cardiovascular disease and introduces the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions of blood lipid detection. Combined with the deep learning method combined with wavelet analysis and support vector machine (SVM), the in-depth analysis is carried out, and suitable patients are selected for blood lipid detection. The final experimental results showed that apolipoprotein B (APOB), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and other indicators were significantly different from the control group. The values of apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly different from those in the control group,
. This shows that blood lipid examination has a good effect on the diagnosis of cardiovascular patients; it can make accurate diagnosis and prediction of the patient’s condition and has good clinical application value.
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15
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Yasmin F, Ali SH, Naeem A, Savul S, Afridi MSI, Kamran N, Fazal F, Khawer S, Savul IS, Najeeb H, Asim HS, Nausherwan M, Asghar MS. Current Evidence and Future Perspectives of the Best Supplements for Cardioprotection: Have We Reached the Final Chapter for Vitamins? Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:381. [PMID: 39076184 PMCID: PMC11269067 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2311381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a broad-spectrum term comprising coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, and heart failure, presents as one of the most significant strains on global healthcare systems. Coronary artery disease, caused by atherosclerosis, has various modifiable risk factors such as dietary changes and exercise. Since these risk factors are found to be linked to oxidative stress and inflammations, the dietary supplementation with vitamins' role in treating and preventing the diseases has been of much debate. With various vitamins having anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, studies have explored their correlation with cardiovascular health. Therefore, this narrative review explores and evaluates the benefits and risks of all vitamin supplementations in patients with CVD and provides future recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Yasmin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hasan Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Naeem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Subhan Savul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ziauddin University, 75000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Neha Kamran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ziauddin University, 75000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fawwad Fazal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ziauddin University, 75000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shehryar Khawer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ziauddin University, 75000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ilma Saleh Savul
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Joseph Medical Center, Houston, TX 77002, USA
| | - Hala Najeeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Marium Nausherwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ziauddin University, 75000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohaib Asghar
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Joseph Medical Center, Houston, TX 77002, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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16
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Chui JN, Papachristos AJ, Mechera R, Sidhu SB, Sywak MS, Lee JC, Gundara J, Lai C, Glover AR. Unexpected deaths after endocrine surgery: learning from rare events using a national audit of surgical mortality. Br J Surg 2022; 109:1164-1171. [PMID: 35927948 PMCID: PMC10364700 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality rate is low in endocrine surgery, making it a difficult outcome to use for quality improvement in individual units. Lessons from population data sets are of value in improving outcomes. Data from the Australian and New Zealand Audit of Surgical Mortality (ANZASM) were used here to understand and elucidate potential systems issues that may contribute to preventable deaths. METHODS ANZASM data relating to 30-day mortality after thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, and adrenalectomy from 2009 to 2020 were reviewed. Mortality rates were calculated using billing data. Thematic analysis of independent assessor reports was conducted to produce a coding framework. RESULTS A total of 67 deaths were reported, with an estimated mortality rate of 0.03-0.07 per cent (38 for thyroidectomy (0.03-0.06 per cent), 16 for parathyroidectomy (0.03-0.06 per cent), 13 for adrenalectomy (0.15-0.33 per cent)). Twenty-seven deaths (40 per cent) were precipitated by clinically significant adverse events, and 18 (27 per cent) were judged to be preventable by independent ANZASM assessors. Recurrent themes included inadequate preoperative assessment, lack of anticipation of intraoperative pitfalls, and failure to recognize and effectively address postoperative complications. Several novel themes were reiterated, such as occult ischaemic heart disease associated with death after parathyroid surgery, unexpected intraoperative difficulties from adrenal metastasis, and complications due to anticoagulation therapy after thyroid surgery. CONCLUSION This study represents a large-scale national report of deaths after endocrine surgery and provides insights into these rare events. Although the overall mortality rate is low, 27 per cent of deaths involved systems issues that were preventable following independent peer review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Mechera
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District and Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stan B Sidhu
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District and Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark S Sywak
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District and Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James C Lee
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin Gundara
- Department of Surgery, Redland Hospital, Metro South and Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Logan Hospital, Metro South and School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Logan, Australia
| | - Christine Lai
- Division of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony R Glover
- Correspondence to: Anthony R. Glover, Royal North Shore Hospital Level 3, Endocrine and Oncology, ASB, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia (e-mail: )
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Munir MB, Khan MZ, Darden D, Nishimura M, Vanam S, Pasupula DK, Asad ZUA, Bhagat A, Zahid S, Osman M, Balla S, Han FT, Reeves R, Hsu JC. Association of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease with procedural complications and in-hospital outcomes from left atrial appendage occlusion device implantation in patients with atrial fibrillation: Insights from the national inpatient sample of 36,065 procedures. Heart Rhythm O2 2021; 2:472-479. [PMID: 34667962 PMCID: PMC8505197 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) has emerged as an alternative strategy to oral anticoagulation for mitigating ischemic stroke risk in selected patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but safety data in patients with significant kidney disease are limited. Objective To determine the association of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with procedural complications and in-hospital outcomes after LAAO in AF patients. Methods Data were extracted from National Inpatient Sample for calendar years 2015–2018. Watchman implantations were identified on the basis of International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes of 37.90 and 02L73DK. The outcomes assessed in our study included complications, inpatient mortality, and resource utilization with LAAO. Results A total of 36,065 Watchman recipients were included in the final analysis. CKD (9.8%, n = 3545) and ESRD (3%, n = 1155) were associated with a higher prevalence of major complications and mortality in crude analysis compared to no CKD. After multivariate adjustment for potential confounders, CKD was associated with length of stay (LOS) >1 day (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.355; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.234–1.488), median cost >$24,663 (aOR 1.267; 95% CI 1.176–1.365), and acute kidney injury (aOR 4.134; 95% CI 3.536–4.833), while ESRD was associated with in-patient mortality (aOR 7.156; 95% CI 3.294–15.544). Conclusion The prevalence of CKD and ESRD was approximately 13% in AF patients undergoing Watchman LAAO implantations. CKD was independently associated with prolonged LOS, higher hospitalization costs, and acute kidney injury, while ESRD was independently associated with in-patient mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Munir
- Section of Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Muhammad Zia Khan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, West Virginia University Heart & Vascular Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Douglas Darden
- Section of Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Marin Nishimura
- Section of Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sai Vanam
- Section of Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Zain Ul Abideen Asad
- Division of Cardiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Abhishek Bhagat
- Division of Cardiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Salman Zahid
- Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York
| | - Mohammed Osman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, West Virginia University Heart & Vascular Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Sudarshan Balla
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, West Virginia University Heart & Vascular Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Frederick T. Han
- Section of Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ryan Reeves
- Section of Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jonathan C. Hsu
- Section of Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Address reprint requests and correspondence: Dr Jonathan C. Hsu, Associate Professor of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr, MC7411, La Jolla, CA 92037.
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Eikelboom J, Floege J, Thadhani R, Weitz JI, Winkelmayer WC. Anticoagulation in patients with kidney failure on dialysis: factor XI as a therapeutic target. Kidney Int 2021; 100:1199-1207. [PMID: 34600964 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is present in almost 10% of the world population and is associated with excess mortality and morbidity. Reduced glomerular filtration rate and the presence and extent of proteinuria, key domains of chronic kidney disease, have both been shown to be strong and independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Patients with kidney failure requiring dialysis are at highest risk for cardiovascular events (e.g., stroke or myocardial infarction), and of developing chronic cardiovascular conditions, such as heart failure. Despite the high burden of cardiovascular disease, there is a paucity of evidence supporting therapies to reduce this risk. Although long-term anticoagulant treatment has the potential to prevent thromboembolism in persons with kidney failure on dialysis, this possibility remains understudied. The limited data available on anticoagulation in patients with kidney failure has focused on vitamin K antagonists or direct oral anticoagulants that inhibit thrombin or factor (F) Xa. The risk of bleeding is a major concern with these agents. However, FXI is emerging as a potential safer target for new anticoagulants because FXI plays a greater part in thrombosis than in hemostasis. In this article, we (i) explain the rationale for considering anticoagulation therapy in patients with kidney failure to reduce atherothrombotic events, (ii) highlight the limitations of current anticoagulants in this patient population, (iii) explain the potential benefits of FXI inhibitors, and (iv) summarize ongoing studies investigating FXI inhibition in patients with kidney failure on dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Eikelboom
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Department of Nephrology, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ravi Thadhani
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Weitz
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wolfgang C Winkelmayer
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology and Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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19
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Al-Hakeim HK, Asad HN, Maes M. Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins in end-stage renal disease. Biomark Med 2021; 15:1423-1434. [PMID: 34554011 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To delineate the association of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and Wnt-proteins including the agonist R-spondin-1, the transducer β-catenin and the antagonists DKK1 and sclerostin. Materials & methods: Serum Wnt-pathway proteins levels were measured by ELISA in 60 ESRD patients and 30 normal controls. Results: DKK1 and sclerostin were significantly higher in ESRD than in controls, and β-catenin and the catenin + R-spondin-1/DKK1 + sclerostin ratio, reflecting the ratio of agonist and transducer on antagonists (AT/ANTA), were significantly lower in ESRD. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly associated with DKK1 and sclerostin (inversely), β-catenin (positively) and the AT/ANTA ratio (r = 0.468, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins show significant alterations in ESRD, indicating significantly increased levels of antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Halah N Asad
- Al Najaf Health Directorate, Higher Health Institute, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, VIC, 3220, Australia
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20
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Liu F, Cui B, Zhao X, Wu Y, Qin H, Guo Y, Wang H, Lu M, Zhang S, Shen J, Shi X, Liang W, Ma S, Li Q, Zhu A, Qi H. Correlation of Serum Adropin Levels with Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Hemodialysis Patients. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 19:401-408. [PMID: 34042533 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many preclinical studies have shown that adropin has physiological effects such as regulating glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism, protecting endothelial cells and antiatherosclerosis. Our aim is to explore whether adropin is correlated with risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: We recruited 170 HD patients and 120 healthy controls. The serum adropin concentration and clinical characteristics were measured. Results: The serum adropin concentration in HD patients was significantly lower than that in healthy controls and which in HD patients with CVD or diabetes mellitus (DM) was significantly lower than that in patients without CVD or DM. The correlation analysis showed that serum adropin levels were correlated negatively with Age, CVD history, DM history, C-reactive protein, type B natriuretic peptide, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone, carotid artery plaque amount and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), left ventricular septal thickness (LVSTd), and left ventricular posterior wall thickness, whereas it was correlated positively with albumin, hemoglobin, serum creatinine and Kt/V, and ejection fraction value. Partial correlation analysis verified that serum adropin levels were correlated negatively with CIMT, and multiple linear regression analysis revealed that low serum adropin levels may be one independent predictors of CIMT. However, the partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis did not identify the significant correlation between serum adropin levels and LVSTd. Conclusions: Our study revealed that serum adropin level is significantly correlated with risk factors of CVD and low serum adropin levels may be a potential predictor of CVD in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Binbin Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhui Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the People's Hospital of Pudong New District in Shanghai, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfen Wu
- Department of Nephrology, the People's Hospital of Pudong New District in Shanghai, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yide Guo
- Department of Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjie Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuchen Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiguo Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, the People's Hospital of Pudong New District in Shanghai, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualin Qi
- Department of Nephrology, the People's Hospital of Pudong New District in Shanghai, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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21
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Kusic Milicevic J, Vidakovic R, Markovic R, Andjelkovic Apostolovic M, Korac M, Trbojevic Stankovic J, Jemcov T, Neskovic AN, Dragovic G. Cardiovascular risk assessment and coronary artery calcification burden in asymptomatic patients in the initial years of hemodialysis. Ther Apher Dial 2021; 26:64-70. [PMID: 33675568 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The specific tool for cardiovascular risk assessment in hemodialysis population has not yet been proposed, despite high prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity, and mortality in clinically asymptomatic patients. Coronary artery calcium score (CACS), as a reliable predictor of future cardiovascular events, might be a valuable approach. We sought to evaluate coronary artery calcification burden and its association with clinical and laboratory parameters in asymptomatic patients who recently initiated hemodialysis. The cross-sectional study included 60 asymptomatic patients receiving chronic hemodialysis for no longer than 48 months. CACS was assessed by cardiac computed tomography. Intima-media thickness (IMT) of both common carotid and femoral arteries were measured using ultrasonography. The mean total CACS was 160.50 (443). Patients' age correlated significantly with CACS (σ = 0.367; P = 0.004), carotid (σ = 0.375; P = 0.004) and femoral IMT (σ = 0.323; P = 0.013). Patients with CACS = 0 were significantly younger than patients with CACS >400: 52.4 ± 7.91 vs. 63.88 ± 8.37 years old, respectively (P = 0.034). In patients receiving dialysis for longer than 24 months CACS, femoral and carotid IMT were higher than in those dialyzed for less than 24 months; however, none has reached significance. There was a significant positive correlation between CACS and right (σ = 0.312; P = 0.018) and left (σ = 0.521; P < 0.001) femoral IMT, while not with carotid. CACS showed significant negative correlation with the serum iron (σ = -0.351; P = 0.007). Calcification burden varies significantly in asymptomatic patients in early years of dialysis. It correlates with patients' age and tends to increase with dialysis vintage. Femoral IMT might be useful for cardiovascular risk stratification in asymptomatic patients who recently initiated hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radosav Vidakovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rodoljub Markovic
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Andjelkovic Apostolovic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.,Public Health Institute, Nis, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Korac
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Trbojevic Stankovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Department of Dialysis, Clinical Hospital Centre "Dr Dragisa Misovic - Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Jemcov
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar N Neskovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Dragovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Belgrade, Serbia
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22
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Sakamoto A, Sato Y, Kawakami R, Cornelissen A, Mori M, Kawai K, Fernandez R, Fuller D, Gadhoke N, Guo L, Romero ME, Kolodgie FD, Virmani R, Finn AV. Risk prediction of in-stent restenosis among patients with coronary drug-eluting stents: current clinical approaches and challenges. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2021; 19:801-816. [PMID: 33470872 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2021.1856657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In-stent restenosis (ISR) has been one of the biggest limitations to the success of percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). The introduction of drug-eluting stent (DES) was a revolution in the treatment of CAD because these devices drastically reduced ISR to very low levels (<5%). Subsequently, newer generation DES treatments have overcome the drawbacks of first-generation DES, i.e. delayed endothelialization, and late stent thrombosis. However, the issue of late ISR, including neoatherosclerosis after DES implantation especially in high-risk patients and complex lesions, still exists as a challenge to be overcome.Areas covered: We discuss the mechanisms of ISR development including neoatherosclerosis, past and current clinical status of ISR, and methods to predict and overcome this issue from pathological and clinical points of view.Expert opinion: The initial drawbacks of first-generation DES, such as delayed endothelial healing and subsequent risk of late stent thrombosis, have been improved upon by the current generation DES. To achieve better long-term clinical outcomes, further titration of drug-release and polymer degradation profile, strut thickness as well as material innovation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Sato
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | - Kenji Kawai
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Neel Gadhoke
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Liang Guo
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Renu Virmani
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Aloke V Finn
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, United States.,School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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23
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Investigation of the Impact of Endodontic Therapy on Survival among Dialysis Patients in Taiwan: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18010326. [PMID: 33466271 PMCID: PMC7795256 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Dental problems occur widely in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may increase comorbidities. Root canal therapy (RCT) is a common procedure for advanced decayed caries with pulp inflammation and root canals. However, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are considered to have a higher risk of potentially life-threatening infections after treatment and might fail to receive satisfactory dental care such as RCT. We investigated whether appropriate intervention for dental problems had a potential impact among dialysis patients. Design Men and women who began maintenance dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, in Taiwan (total 12,454 patients) were enrolled in this study. Participants were followed up from the first reported dialysis date to the date of death or end of dialysis by December 31, 2015. Setting Data collection was conducted in Taiwan. Results A total of 2633 and 9821 patients were classified into the RCT and non-RCT groups, respectively. From the data of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance, a total of 5,092,734 teeth received RCT from 2000 to 2015. Then, a total of 12,454 patients were followed within the 16 years, and 4030 patients passed away. The results showed that members of the non-RCT group (34.93%) had a higher mortality rate than those of the RCT group (22.79%; p = 0.001). The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio for the risk of death was 0.69 (RCT vs. non-RCT; p = 0.001). Conclusions This study suggested that patients who had received RCT had a relatively lower risk of death among dialysis patients. Infectious diseases had a significant role in mortality among dialysis patients with non-RCT. Appropriate interventions for dental problems may increase survival among dialysis patients. Abbreviations: CKD = chronic kidney disease, ESRD = end-stage renal disease, RCT = root canal therapy.
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24
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Impact of hemodialysis on clinical and angiographic outcomes in in-stent restenotic lesions following optical coherence tomography-guided drug-coated balloon treatment. Cardiovasc Interv Ther 2020; 36:429-435. [PMID: 33048289 DOI: 10.1007/s12928-020-00718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hemodialysis (HD) is associated with a high in-stent restenosis (ISR) rate even in the second-generation era. Drug-coated balloons (DCB) generally provide excellent clinical outcomes in patients with ISR lesions. Nonetheless, safety and efficacy of DCB for ISR lesions in HD patients are largely unknown. A total of 17 centers across Japan participated in this study. Patients were eligible for the study if ISR lesions were treated with DCB. Enrolled patients were divided into 2 groups (HD and non-HD groups). Angiographic, OCT, and clinical outcomes were compared between the HD and the non-HD groups. A total of 210 patients were enrolled (36 patients in the HD group, and 174 patients in the non-HD group). At 8 months, the binary restenosis rate was significantly higher (26.3% versus 11.3%, p = 0.02) and in-segment late loss was significantly higher (0.49 ± 0.61 mm versus 0.23 ± 0.33 mm, p = 0.02) in the HD group than the non-HD group. In the OCT analyses, change of minimum stent area between post- and pre-procedure was significantly smaller in the HD group compared to the non-HD group (0.08 ± 0.95 mm2 versus 0.68 ± 1.07 mm2, p = 0.004). Target vessel failure (TVF) rate at 2 years was significantly different between the 2 groups (25.0% in the HD group and 12.1% in the non-HD group, p = 0.04). In the multivariate analysis, HD was a significant predictor for TVF (Hazard ratio 5.81, 95% CI 1.28-26.4, p = 0.02). Clinical and angiographic outcomes following OCT-guided DCB treatment in ISR lesions were significantly worse in HD patients compared to non-HD patients.Clinical Trial Registration Information: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02300454.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sato
- CVPath Institute, Inc. Gaithersburg MD
| | - Aloke V Finn
- CVPath Institute, Inc. Gaithersburg MD.,University of Maryland Baltimore MD
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26
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Ezaka M, Tsukamoto J, Matsuo K, Kin N, Yamaoka K. Hyperlactatemia of dialysis-dependent patients after cardiac surgery impacts on in-hospital mortality: a two-center retrospective study. JA Clin Rep 2020; 6:47. [PMID: 32529341 PMCID: PMC7290016 DOI: 10.1186/s40981-020-00348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactate is a well-known marker to estimate prognosis after cardiac surgery and critically ill patients. The liver and kidney have a major role in lactate metabolism; however, there was less characterized about the change of lactate and threshold to predict in-hospital mortality in dialysis-dependent patients undertaking cardiac surgery. We conducted this retrospective observational study to characterize when and how lactate values after cardiac surgery affected in-hospital mortality. Methods This two-center retrospective study included dialysis-dependent patients who underwent cardiac surgery with a cardiopulmonary bypass from January 2014 to December 2018. Lactate values were collected at three points: at ICU admission (T1), the maximum level of lactate within 24 h postoperatively (T2), and 24 h after ICU admission (T3). We determined hyperlactatemia as more than 2 mmol/L following previous studies. Results We enrolled 122 dialysis-dependent patients. The mean age was 73 ± 8 years and hyperlactatemia was observed in 100 patients (81.9%). In-hospital mortality was 11.4%. Univariate analysis and area under curve in ROC suggested that T2 lactate was the most significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (AUC = 0.845). Multivariate logistic analysis showed a significant association between in-hospital mortality when patients showed early peak lactate levels of > 4.5 mmol/L after ICU admission (adjusted OR 8.35; 95% CI: 1.44–57.13). Conclusions In dialysis-dependent patients after cardiac surgery, the early-onset of a maximum arterial lactate concentration of > 4.5 mmol/L was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Ezaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan. .,Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Junko Tsukamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Kin
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - Kazue Yamaoka
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
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27
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Efficacy of Tenapanor in Treating Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation: A 12-Week, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial (T3MPO-1). Am J Gastroenterol 2020; 115:281-293. [PMID: 31934897 PMCID: PMC7771640 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tenapanor is a first-in-class, minimally absorbed, small-molecule inhibitor of the gastrointestinal sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3. This phase 3 trial assessed the efficacy and safety of tenapanor 50 mg b.i.d. for the treatment of patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). METHODS In this phase 3, double-blind study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02621892), patients with IBS-C were randomized to tenapanor 50 mg b.i.d. or placebo b.i.d. for 12 weeks followed by a 4-week randomized withdrawal period. The primary efficacy variable was the proportion of patients who reported a reduction in average weekly worst abdominal pain of ≥30.0% and an increase of ≥1 complete spontaneous bowel movement from baseline, both in the same week, for ≥6 weeks of the 12-week treatment period. RESULTS Of the 629 randomized patients with IBS-C, 606 (96.3%) were included in the intention-to-treat analysis set (tenapanor: n = 307; placebo: n = 299) and 533 (84.7%) completed the 12-week treatment period. In the intention-to-treat analysis set (mean age 45 years, 81.4% women), a significantly greater proportion of patients treated with tenapanor met the primary endpoint than patients treated with placebo (27.0% vs 18.7%, P = 0.020). Abdominal symptoms and global symptoms of IBS also improved with tenapanor (P < 0.05 vs placebo). Diarrhea was the most commonly reported adverse event, resulting in study drug discontinuation in 6.5% and 0.7% of patients receiving tenapanor and placebo, respectively, during the 12-week treatment period. DISCUSSION Tenapanor 50 mg b.i.d. improved IBS-C symptoms and was generally well tolerated, offering a potential new treatment option for patients with IBS-C.
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28
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Li P, Song X, Zhang D, Guo N, Wu C, Chen K, Liu Y, Yuan L, Chen X, Huang X. Resveratrol improves left ventricular remodeling in chronic kidney disease via Sirt1-mediated regulation of FoxO1 activity and MnSOD expression. Biofactors 2020; 46:168-179. [PMID: 31688999 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular remodeling commonly complicates end-stage renal disease following chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenolic compound, on left ventricular remodeling in subtotal nephrectomy rats and sought to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. Subtotal nephrectomy caused renal dysfunction, such as gradual increases in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In addition, subtotal nephrectomy also resulted in significant increases in myocyte cross-sectional area, interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, and left ventricular dilatation. All these detrimental effects were alleviated in the presence of RSV. Mechanistically, RSV treatment led to the upregulation of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in the heart. Coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) bound forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) and thus reduced acetylated FoxO1. RSV strengthened this interaction between Sirt1 and FoxO1. Loss of one allele of Sirt1 aggravated renal damage, myocyte hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis in nephrectomized mice. Taken together, our data show that Sirt1 is an important mediator for the protective roles of RSV on renal and heart damage in CKD rodent model, and FoxO1 and MnSOD are likely downstream targets of Sirt1. Therefore, Sirt1 might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of left ventricular remodeling caused by CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoli Song
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Tongzhou District, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dingwu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naifeng Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuwen Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kairen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Tongzhou District, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinzhong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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29
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Soontorndhada K, Tanaka K, Yamaguchi J, Konami Y, Otsuki H, Nakao M, Jujo K, Arashi H, Hagiwara N. Long-term clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention to treat long lesions in hemodialysis patients in the era of second-generation drug-eluting stents. J Cardiol 2019; 75:374-380. [PMID: 31615745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little knowledge about clinical outcomes after the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in hemodialysis patients with long lesions. The objective of the present study was to examine the long-term prognosis after PCI in hemodialysis patients in the second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) era. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 270 consecutive hemodialysis patients who underwent PCI using second-generation DES from January 2010 to July 2015. We defined long lesions as the total stent length >30mm. In total, 96 hemodialysis patients (35.6%) underwent PCI for long lesions. The median follow-up period was 2.7 years. The endpoints of this study were cardiac death, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, stent thrombosis, and TLR. RESULTS The patients' baseline characteristics were similar between the long lesion and the non-long lesion groups, except for prior PCIs (long-lesion vs. non-long lesion=30.2% vs. 46.0%; p= 0.01). Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that the incidence of cardiac death, TLR, and MACE were comparable between the two groups (long lesion vs. non-long lesion; 5.2% vs. 5.7%, log-rank p=0.84, 26.0% vs. 23.0%, log-rank p=0.29, and 43.8% vs. 40.2%; log-rank p=0.49, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Clinical outcomes of PCI for long lesions in hemodialysis patients were similar to that of non-long lesions. Long-stenting in hemodialysis patients, who were considered high-risk subset of adverse cardiovascular events, might be acceptable in the second-generation DES era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanintorn Soontorndhada
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tanaka
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Konami
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisao Otsuki
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakao
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Jujo
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arashi
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Hagiwara
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Aoki J, Nakazawa G, Ando K, Nakamura S, Tobaru T, Sakurada M, Okada H, Hibi K, Zen K, Habara S, Fujii K, Habara M, Ako J, Asano T, Ozaki S, Fusazaki T, Kozuma K. Effect of combination of non-slip element balloon and drug-coating balloon for in-stent restenosis lesions (ELEGANT study). J Cardiol 2019; 74:436-442. [PMID: 31248751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a problematic issue of coronary intervention. The non-slip element balloon (NSE) is a balloon catheter with 3 longitudinal nylon elements which are attached proximally and distally to the balloon component. The expectation is that this design of balloon is able to achieve a larger lumen area due to the elements, as well as reducing balloon slippage. We investigated whether NSE pre-dilatation improves angiographic outcomes compared to a high pressure non-compliant balloon pre-dilatation, followed by a drug-coating balloon (DCB) for treatment of ISR lesions with optical coherence tomographic imaging (OCT). METHODS Patients were eligible for the study if one or more in-stent restenosis lesions were treated with a paclitaxel-coating balloon. Patients were randomized to NSE pre-dilatation (NSE group) or high pressure non-compliant balloon pre-dilatation (POBA group) in a 1:1 fashion in 17 hospitals. The primary endpoint was in-segment late loss [post minimal lumen diameter (MLD)-follow-up MLD] at 8 months. RESULTS One hundred and five patients were allocated to each group. Balloon slippage (7.9% versus 22.9%, p=0.002) and geographical miss (6.9% versus 21.9%, p=0.002) were observed less in the NSE group compared to the POBA group. Acute gain was significantly larger in the NSE group (1.17±0.42mm versus 1.06±0.35mm, p=0.04), but post minimum stent lumen area analyzed by OCT was similar between the two groups (3.85±1.67mm2 versus 3.81±1.93mm2, p=0.64). At 8 months, average lesion length was significantly shorter than the POBA group (5.78±3.26mm versus 6.97±4.59mm, p=0.04), but average in-segment late loss was similar between the two groups (0.28±0.45mm versus 0.27±0.38mm, p=0.75). CONCLUSION Eight-month angiographic outcomes were similar between NSE and non-compliant balloon pre-dilatation with DCB for treatment of ISR lesions. However, NSE pre-dilatation has advantages such as reduction of balloon slippage and geographical miss during the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Aoki
- Division of Cardiology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Gaku Nakazawa
- Department of Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Ando
- Department of Cardiology, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Tobaru
- Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Sakurada
- Department of Cardiology, Tokorozawa Heart Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Okada
- Division of Cardiology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hibi
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kan Zen
- Department of Cardiology, Omihachiman Community Medical Center, Shiga, Japan
| | - Seiji Habara
- Department of Cardiology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Fujii
- Department of Cardiology, Sakurabashi Watanabe Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Maoto Habara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toyohashi Heart Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junya Ako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Asano
- Cardiovascular Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Ozaki
- Department of Cardiology, Itabashi Chuo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ken Kozuma
- Department of Cardiology, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Takamura S, Suzuki N, Ishibashi R, Yukimitsu N, Sasaki K, Terada Y, Kawashima H, Kyono H, Kozuma K. Long-Term Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes After Implantation of New-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents for Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis. Int Heart J 2019; 60:521-526. [PMID: 31105145 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.18-359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has revealed poorer clinical outcomes after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation for hemodialysis patients. This study aims to investigate the long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes after new-generation DES implantation for hemodialysis patients.We retrospectively enrolled 91 consecutive patients (118 lesions) who underwent successful new-generation DES (everolimus-, zotarolimus-, and biolimus-eluting stents) implantation for the first time. We measured the serum calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood samples obtained just before hemodialysis. The follow-up period of clinical events was, at least, 1.5 years. In this study, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and clinically driven target lesion revascularization were reported in 36 (39.6%) and 11 (12.1%) patients, respectively. The prevalence of peripheral artery disease was significantly higher in the MACCE group (41.7% versus 14.5%, P = 0.006). The serum calcium level was significantly higher in the MACCE group (9.34 ± 0.92 mg/dL versus 8.77 ± 0.88 mg/dL; P = 0.004). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed that the serum calcium level (hazard ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26-2.77; P = 0.002), suboptimal (over 55 mg2/dL2) calcium-phosphorus product (hazard ratio, 3.27; 95% CI: 1.41-7.61; P = 0.006) and the coexistence of peripheral artery disease (hazard ratio, 3.15; 95% CI: 1.49-6.65; P = 0.003) were independent predictors of MACCE.For hemodialysis patients, MACCE remains a frequent occurrence after new-generation DES implantation and is associated with calcium-phosphate metabolism and peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Ruri Ishibashi
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | | | - Kazuya Sasaki
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Yukiko Terada
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | | | - Hiroyuki Kyono
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Ken Kozuma
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine
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