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Yin N, Liu X, Zhang X, Wen J, Ma H, Yin X, Xie C, Hou Y, Wang J. Comparison of the effects of different infant formulas on the growth and development and intestinal flora of infants. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1113-1126. [PMID: 36789049 PMCID: PMC9922136 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different infant formulas on the growth and development, sleep, allergy symptoms, and intestinal flora of infants. A total of 428 infants participated in the study. Breastfeeding (BF) was used as the control, and the remaining subjects were randomly assigned to the full goat milk protein formula group (FGM), partial goat milk protein formula group (PGM), and cow milk formula group (M). During the 6-month feeding experiment, data on the growth, sleep, allergy symptoms, and intestinal flora of infants were collected using questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical examinations. In general, the basic information of the participants was consistent among the groups. There were no differences in infant weight, length, or head circumference among the groups (p > .05). The sleep time of infants in the formula-fed groups was longer than that of the breastfeeding group at baseline (p < .05), but there were no differences at mid-term or outcome (p > .05). The incidence of allergic symptoms continued to decrease, and the total scores of allergic symptoms did not differ among the groups (p > .05). The relative abundance of intestinal Bifidobacteriaceae in the PGM group was lower than that in the other groups (p < .05). There was no difference in the β-diversity of intestinal flora between formula-fed and breastfed infants (p > .05). There were strong correlations in the composition of the main intestinal flora at the family level between the formula and breastfeeding groups. This study showed that within 6 months of feeding, there were no significant differences in the growth and development, allergic symptoms, or intestinal flora of the infants among the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xinran Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xueqian Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - Yanmei Hou
- Ausnutria Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd.ChangshaChina
| | - Junbo Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food SafetyPeking UniversityBeijingChina
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Wang Z, Shu G, Chen L, Dai C, Yao C, Zhang M, Dong X. ACE inhibitory and antioxidant peptides from Alcalase‐assisted
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
L60 and
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
LR22 fermentation of goat milk:optimization and identification. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zifei Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’ an 710021 China
| | - Guowei Shu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’ an 710021 China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an 710119 PR China
| | - Chunji Dai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’ an 710021 China
| | - Chunxu Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’ an 710021 China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Research and Development Shaanxi Yatai Dairy Co., Ltd Xianyang 713701 China
| | - Xu Dong
- Department of Research and Development Shaanxi Yatai Dairy Co., Ltd Xianyang 713701 China
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Effect of Alcalase on Antioxidant and Antihypertensive activities of Goat Milk Fermented by Lactobacillus Plantarum L60 and Lactobacillus Rhamnosus LR22. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aucft-2021-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Effect of alcalase addition, inoculum size, bacterial ratio, fermentation time and temperature on antioxidant and antihypertensive activities of goat milk fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum L60 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR22 was studied by using DPPH free radical scavenging rate, ACE inhibition rate, pH, and titer acidity as responses through single factor experiments. The results showed that the optimal alcalase addition, inoculum size, bacterial ratio, fermentation time and temperature was 0.15%, 5%, 1:1, 12h and 37°C, respectively, the probiotic goat milk prepared under these conditions had high antioxidant and antihypertensive activities.
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Safdar A, Azman KF, Zakaria R, Ab Aziz CB, Rashid U. Goat milk enhances memory of d-galactose-induced aging rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:117-122. [PMID: 33728271 PMCID: PMC7936100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Goat milk is a food of high nutritional value and has been proved to possess strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, thus far, little is known of its possible effects on brain especially on memory during aging. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of goat milk supplementation on memory in d-galactose-induced aging rat model. Experimental procedure Fifty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1) control group, 2) goat milk treated group, 3) d-galactose treated group, and 4) goat milk plus d-galactose treated group. Goat milk (1 g/kg orally) and/or d-galactose (120 mg/kg subcutaneously) were administered continuously for six weeks preceded and followed by novel object recognition and T-maze test. Results and conclusion Prior to goat milk and d-galactose administration, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in memory between all groups. Goat milk administration alone significantly increased short- and long-term memory (p < 0.05) while d-galactose administration alone significantly decreased short-, long-term and spatial memory (p < 0.001). Goat milk treatment to d-galactose-induced rats managed to protect against memory decline as exhibited by significantly higher short-, long-term and spatial memory (p < 0.0001) when compared to the untreated d-galactose-induced rats. These results suggest that goat milk as a whole or due to the taurine or sialic acid contained in goat milk is effective in improving memory functions and may be useful in protecting against age-related memory deficits. Goat milk improved memory of normal rats. d-galactose induced memory deficits. Goat milk attenuated memory deficits in d-galactose-induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifa Safdar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Khairunnuur Fairuz Azman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Che Badariah Ab Aziz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Usman Rashid
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Goat milk attenuates mimetic aging related memory impairment via suppressing brain oxidative stress, neurodegeneration and modulating neurotrophic factors in D-galactose-induced aging model. Biogerontology 2019; 21:203-216. [PMID: 31792648 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the most significant hallmarks of aging is cognitive decline. D-galactose administration may impair memory and mimic the effects of natural aging. In this study, the efficiency of goat milk to protect against memory decline was tested. Fifty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: (i) control group, (ii) goat milk treated group, (iii) D-galactose treated group, and (iv) goat milk plus D-galactose treated group. Subcutaneous injections of D-galactose at 120 mg/kg and oral administrations of goat milk at 1 g/kg were chosen for the study. Goat milk and D-galactose were administered concomitantly for 6 weeks, while the control group received saline. After 6 weeks, novel object recognition and T-maze tests were performed to evaluate memory of rats. Following behavioral tests, the animals were sacrificed, and right brain homogenates were analyzed for levels of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and neurotrophic factors. The left brain hemisphere was used for histological study of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. There was a significant memory impairment, an increase in oxidative stress and neurodegeneration and a reduction in antioxidant enzymes and neurotrophic factors levels in the brain of D-galactose treated rats compared to controls. Goat milk treatment attenuated memory impairment induced by D-galactose via suppressing oxidative stress and neuronal damage and increasing neurotrophic factors levels, thereby suggesting its potential role as a geroprotective food.
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Goat and cow milk powder-based diets with or without prebiotics influence gut microbial populations and fermentation products in newly weaned rats. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ma L, Qiu H, Chen Z, Li L, Zeng Y, Luo J, Gou D. miR-25 modulates triacylglycerol and lipid accumulation in goat mammary epithelial cells by repressing PGC-1beta. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:48. [PMID: 29946461 PMCID: PMC6004671 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The goat (Caprahircus) is one of the most important livestock animals. Goat milk fat is an important component in the nutritional quality of goat milk. Growing evidence points to the critical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in lipid metabolism. Results Using a highly sensitive method of S-poly(T) plus for miRNAs detection, we analyze the expression patterns of 715 miRNAs in goat mammary gland tissues at different stages of lactation. We observed that miR-25 expression had an inverse relationship with milk production. Overexpression of miR-25 significantly repressed triacylglycerol synthesis and lipid droplet accumulation. To explore the regulatory mechanism of miR-25 in milk lipid metabolism, we analyzed its putative target genes with bioinformatics analysis followed by 3′-UTR assays. Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 beta (PGC-1beta), a key regulator of lipogenics was identified as a direct target of miR-25 with three specific sites within its 3′-UTR. In addition, miR-25 mimics in goat mammary epithelial cells reduced the expressions of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Conclusions Taken together, our results show miR-25 is potentially involved in lipid metabolism and we reveal the function of the miR-25/PGC-1beta regulatory axis during lactation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-018-0262-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuan Ma
- 1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong China
| | - Huiling Qiu
- 1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong China.,Biomedical Engineering, Health and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518000 Guangdong China
| | - Zhi Chen
- 3Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Li Li
- 1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong China
| | - Yan Zeng
- 1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong China
| | - Jun Luo
- 3Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Deming Gou
- 4Present Address: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong China
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Medeiros LDB, Vitor-de-Lima SM, Lira Benevides RDD, do Egypto Queiroga RDCR, Araújo Guedes RC. Neonatal administration of goat whey modulates memory and cortical spreading depression in rats previously suckled under different litter sizes: Possible role of sialic acid. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 21:108-115. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1227762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jung TH, Yun SS, Lee WJ, Kim JW, Ha HK, Yoo M, Hwang HJ, Jeon WM, Han KS. Hydrolysis by Alcalase Improves Hypoallergenic Properties of Goat Milk Protein. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2016; 36:516-22. [PMID: 27621693 PMCID: PMC5018512 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2016.36.4.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Goat milk is highly nutritious and is consumed in many countries, but the development of functional foods from goat milk has been slow compared to that for other types of milk. The aim of this study was to develop a goat milk protein hydrolysate (GMPH) with enhanced digestibility and better hypoallergenic properties in comparison with other protein sources such as ovalbumin and soy protein. Goat milk protein was digested with four commercial food-grade proteases (separately) under various conditions to achieve the best hydrolysis of αs -casein and β-lactoglobulin. It was shown that treatment with alcalase (0.4%, 60℃ for 30 min) effectively degraded these two proteins, as determined by SDS-PAGE, measurement of nonprotein nitrogen content, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Hydrolysis with alcalase resulted in a significant decrease in β-lactoglobulin concentration (almost to nil) and a ~40% reduction in the level of αs-casein. Quantification of histamine and TNF-α released from HMC-1 cells (human mast cell line) showed that the GMPH did not induce an allergic response when compared to the control. Hence, the GMPH may be useful for development of novel foods for infants, the elderly, and convalescent patients, to replace cow milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hwan Jung
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | | | - Won-Jae Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Kim
- Department of Animal Bioscience and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Ho-Kyung Ha
- Department of Animal Bioscience and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Michelle Yoo
- Centre for Food Science, School of Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Hyo-Jeong Hwang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Woo-Min Jeon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
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