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Yazdani A, Samms-Vaughan M, Saroukhani S, Bressler J, Hessabi M, Tahanan A, Grove ML, Gangnus T, Putluri V, Kamal AHM, Putluri N, Loveland KA, Rahbar MH. Metabolomic Profiles in Jamaican Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06485-1. [PMID: 39033254 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with a wide range of behavioral and cognitive impairments. While genetic and environmental factors are known to contribute to its etiology, metabolic perturbations associated with ASD, which can potentially connect genetic and environmental factors, remain poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a metabolomic case-control study and performed a comprehensive analysis to identify significant alterations in metabolite profiles between children with ASD and typically developing (TD) controls in order to identify specific metabolites that may serve as biomarkers for the disorder. We conducted metabolomic profiling on plasma samples from participants in the second phase of Epidemiological Research on Autism in Jamaica, an age and sex-matched cohort of 200 children with ASD and 200 TD controls (2-8 years old). Using high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, we performed a targeted metabolite analysis, encompassing amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and other key metabolic compounds. After quality control and missing data imputation, we performed univariable and multivariable analysis using normalized metabolites while adjusting for covariates, age, sex, socioeconomic status, and child's parish of birth. Our findings revealed unique metabolic patterns in children with ASD for four metabolites compared to TD controls. Notably, three metabolites were fatty acids, including myristoleic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid, and octadecenoic acid. The amino acid sarcosine exhibited a significant association with ASD. These findings highlight the role of metabolites in the etiology of ASD and suggest opportunities for the development of targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Yazdani
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maureen Samms-Vaughan
- Department of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Sepideh Saroukhani
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manouchehr Hessabi
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amirali Tahanan
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Megan L Grove
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tanja Gangnus
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Advanced Technology Core, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Advanced Technology Core, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine A Loveland
- Louis A Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad H Rahbar
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Yazdani A, Samms-Vaughan M, Saroukhani S, Bressler J, Hessabi M, Tahanan A, Grove ML, Gangnus T, Putluri V, Mostafa Kamal AH, Putluri N, Loveland KA, Rahbar MH. Metabolomic profiles in Jamaican children with and without autism spectrum disorder. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2403.07147v1. [PMID: 38560734 PMCID: PMC10980079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with a wide range of behavioral and cognitive impairments. While genetic and environmental factors are known to contribute to its etiology, the underlying metabolic perturbations associated with ASD which can potentially connect genetic and environmental factors, remain poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a metabolomic case-control study and performed a comprehensive analysis to identify significant alterations in metabolite profiles between children with ASD and typically developing (TD) controls. Objective To elucidate potential metabolomic signatures associated with ASD in children and identify specific metabolites that may serve as biomarkers for the disorder. Methods We conducted metabolomic profiling on plasma samples from participants in the second phase of Epidemiological Research on Autism in Jamaica (ERAJ-2), which was a 1:1 age (±6 months)-and sex-matched cohort of 200 children with ASD and 200 TD controls (2-8 years old). Using high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, we performed a targeted metabolite analysis, encompassing amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and other key metabolic compounds. After quality control and imputation of missing values, we performed univariable and multivariable analysis using normalized metabolites while adjusting for covariates, age, sex, socioeconomic status, and child's parish of birth. Results Our findings revealed unique metabolic patterns in children with ASD for four metabolites compared to TD controls. Notably, three of these metabolites were fatty acids, including myristoleic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid, and octadecenoic acid. Additionally, the amino acid sarcosine exhibited a significant association with ASD. Conclusions These findings highlight the role of metabolites in the etiology of ASD and suggest opportunities for the development of targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Yazdani
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maureen Samms-Vaughan
- Department of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Sepideh Saroukhani
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Manouchehr Hessabi
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amirali Tahanan
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Megan L Grove
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tanja Gangnus
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Advanced Technology Core, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Advanced Technology Core, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Katherine A Loveland
- Louis A Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mohammad H Rahbar
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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The Rationale for Vitamin, Mineral, and Cofactor Treatment in the Precision Medical Care of Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020252. [PMID: 36836486 PMCID: PMC9964499 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder may exhibit nutritional deficiencies due to reduced intake, genetic variants, autoantibodies interfering with vitamin transport, and the accumulation of toxic compounds that consume vitamins. Importantly, vitamins and metal ions are essential for several metabolic pathways and for neurotransmitter functioning. The therapeutic benefits of supplementing vitamins, minerals (Zinc, Magnesium, Molybdenum, and Selenium), and other cofactors (coenzyme Q10, alpha-lipoic acid, and tetrahydrobiopterin) are mediated through their cofactor as well as non-cofactor functions. Interestingly, some vitamins can be safely administered at levels far above the dose typically used to correct the deficiency and exert effects beyond their functional role as enzyme cofactors. Moreover, the interrelationships between these nutrients can be leveraged to obtain synergistic effects using combinations. The present review discusses the current evidence for using vitamins, minerals, and cofactors in autism spectrum disorder, the rationale behind their use, and the prospects for future use.
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Bukhari SI, Alfawaz H, Al-Dbass A, Bhat RS, Moubayed NMS, Bukhari W, Hassan SA, Merghani N, Elsamaligy S, El-Ansary A. Efficacy of Novavit in ameliorating the neurotoxicity of propionic acid. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:134-146. [PMID: 33312719 PMCID: PMC7705989 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, abnormal fatty acid metabolism, and impaired gut microbiota play a serious role in the pathology of autism. The use of dietary supplements to improve the core symptoms of autism is a common therapeutic strategy. The present study analyzed the effects of oral supplementation with Novavit, a multi-ingredient supplement, on ameliorating oxidative stress and impaired lipid metabolism in a propionic acid (PPA)-induced rodent model of autism. Male western albino rats were divided into three groups. The first group is the control, the second group was given an oral neurotoxic dose of PPA (250 mg/kg body weight/day) for 3 days and then received buffered saline until the end of the experiment. The third group received Novavit (70 mg/kg body weight/day for 30 days after the 3-day PPA treatment). Markers of oxidative stress and impaired fatty acid metabolism were measured in brain homogenates obtained from each group. Novavit modulation of the gut microbiota was also evaluated. While PPA induced significant increases in lipid peroxides and 5-lipoxygenase, together with significantly decreased glutathione, and cyclooxygenase 2, oral supplementation with Novavit ameliorated PPA-induced oxidative stress and impaired fatty acid metabolism. Our results showed that the presence of multivitamins, coenzyme Q10, minerals, and colostrum, the major components of Novavit, protects against PPA-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I. Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Al-Dbass
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine MS Moubayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wadha Bukhari
- Central Laboratory, Female Center for Medical Studies and Scientific Section, King Saud University, P O Box 22452, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nada Merghani
- Central Laboratory, Female Center for Medical Studies and Scientific Section, King Saud University, P O Box 22452, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Elsamaligy
- Department of Pharamaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Female Center for Medical Studies and Scientific Section, King Saud University, P O Box 22452, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Therapeutic Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
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Rzepka-Migut B, Paprocka J. Efficacy and Safety of Melatonin Treatment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-A Review of the Literature. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10040219. [PMID: 32272607 PMCID: PMC7226342 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10040219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with disturbed melatonin secretion profile and sleep problems. The growing incidence of ASD and ADHD inspires scientists to research the underlying causes of these conditions. The authors focused on two fundamental aspects, the first one being the presentation of the role of melatonin in ASD and ADHD and the second of the influence of melatonin treatment on sleep disorders. The authors present the use of melatonin both in the context of causal and symptomatic treatment and discuss melatonin supplementation: Dosage patterns, effectiveness, and safety. Sleep disorders may have a different clinical picture, so the assessment of exogenous melatonin efficacy should also refer to a specific group of symptoms. The review draws attention to the wide range of doses of melatonin used in supplementation and the need to introduce unified standards especially in the group of pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Rzepka-Migut
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Pediatrics, St. Queen Jadwiga’s Regional Clinical Hospital No 2, 35-301 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Abdelraouf ER, Kilany A, Hashish AF, Gebril OH, Helal SI, Hasan HM, Nashaat NH. Investigating the influence of ubiquinone blood level on the abilities of children with specific learning disorder. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2018; 54:39. [PMID: 30546250 PMCID: PMC6267631 DOI: 10.1186/s41983-018-0029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ubiquinone has antioxidant properties and has been linked to cognitive performance in some neuropsychiatric disorders. Its role in specific learning disorder manifestations has not been previously investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure the blood levels of ubiquinone in a group of children with specific learning disorder in comparison to typically developing children and to investigate the correlation between ubiquinone levels in children with specific learning disorder and some of their intellectual capabilities, reading, spelling and writing performance. Methods The study included 71 native Arabic speaking children: 31 in the specific learning disorder group and 40 in the typically developing (TD) group. The abilities of the children with specific learning disorder were evaluated by the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale-4th edition, the Dyslexia Assessment Test, and the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities. The level of ubiquinone was measured in both groups by ELISA. Correlation between some aptitudes of children with specific learning disorder and the ubiquinone level was performed. Results The blood levels of ubiquinone in the children with specific learning disorder group were less than those in the TD group. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between ubiquinone and the scores of backward digit span abilities. Conclusions Ubiquinone has a role in the auditory working memory performance of children with specific learning disorder (with impairment in reading). The decreased levels of ubiquinone in this sample of children with specific learning disorder could have participated in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Ragaa Abdelraouf
- 1Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Medical Research division, National Research Centre, Elbuhouth Street, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.,2Learning Disability Research Clinic, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Kilany
- 1Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Medical Research division, National Research Centre, Elbuhouth Street, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.,3Pediatric Neurology Research Clinic, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel F Hashish
- 1Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Medical Research division, National Research Centre, Elbuhouth Street, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola Hosny Gebril
- 1Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Medical Research division, National Research Centre, Elbuhouth Street, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Suzette Ibrahim Helal
- 1Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Medical Research division, National Research Centre, Elbuhouth Street, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.,4Neurology Research Clinic, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haytham Mohamad Hasan
- 1Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Medical Research division, National Research Centre, Elbuhouth Street, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.,5Neuropsychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neveen Hassan Nashaat
- 1Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Medical Research division, National Research Centre, Elbuhouth Street, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.,2Learning Disability Research Clinic, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,6Phoniatric Research Clinic, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Mirza R, Sharma B. Selective modulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α protects propionic acid induced autism-like phenotypes in rats. Life Sci 2018; 214:106-117. [PMID: 30366038 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study investigated the neuropharmacological role of PPAR-α modulator, fenofibrate in postnatal-propionic acid induced symptomatology related with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Wistar rats. MAIN METHODS The propionic acid (250 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered to rats from postnatal 21st day to 23rd day to induce autism-related neurobehavioral and neurobiochemical alterations in rats. Then, rats were treated with fenofibrate (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, orally) from postnatal 24th day till 48th day. The social behavior (three chambers social testing apparatus), repetitive behavior (Y-maze), locomotor activity (actophotometer), anxiety (elevated plus maze) and exploratory behavior (hole board test) were assessed. Biochemically, oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive species and reduced glutathione level) and neuroinflammation (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10) were evaluated in the cerebellum, brainstem and prefrontal cortex of rats. KEY FINDINGS Propionic acid-treated rats showed social impairment, repetitive behavior, hyperlocomotion, anxiety and low exploratory activity. Also, these animals showed higher levels of oxidative stress (increased in thiobarbituric acid reactive species and decreased in reduced glutathione level) as well as inflammation (increased in interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and decreased in interleukin-10) and inflammation in aforementioned brain-regions. Treatment with fenofibrate significantly attenuated the propionic acid induced-social impairment, repetitive behavior, hyperactivity, anxiety and low exploratory activity. Furthermore, fenofibrate also reduced the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in propionic acid-treated rats. SIGNIFICANCE A selective PPAR-α agonist, fenofibrate provides neurobehavioral and neurobiochemical benefits in postnatal-propionic acid induced autism-related phenotype in rats. Thus, fenofibrate may further be studied for its possible benefits in ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Mirza
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India; CNS Pharmacology, Conscience Research, Delhi, India.
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Alfawaz H, Al-Onazi M, Bukhari SI, Binobead M, Othman N, Algahtani N, Bhat RS, Moubayed NMS, Alzeer HS, El-Ansary A. The Independent and Combined Effects of Omega-3 and Vitamin B12 in Ameliorating Propionic Acid Induced Biochemical Features in Juvenile Rats as Rodent Model of Autism. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:403-413. [PMID: 30284229 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolites of proper fatty acids modulate the inflammatory response and are essential for normal brain development; equally, abnormal fatty acid metabolism plays a critical role in the pathology of autism. Currently, dietary supplements are often used to improve the core symptoms of Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study analyzed the effects of orally supplemented omega-3 (ω-3) and vitamin B12 on ameliorating oxidative stress and impaired lipid metabolism in a propionic acid (PPA)-induced rodent model of autism, together with their effect on the gut microbial composition, where great fluctuations in the bacterial number and strains were observed; interestingly, polyunsaturated fatty acids such as omega-3 induced higher growth of the gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and decreased the survival rates of Clostridia sp. as well as other enteric bacterial strains. Thirty-five young male western albino rats were divided into five equal groups. The first group served as the control; the second group was given an oral neurotoxic dose of PPA (250 mg/kg body weight/day) for 3 days. The third group received an oral dose of ω-3 (200 mg/kg body weight/day) for 30 days after the 3-day PPA treatment. Group four was given an oral dose of vitamin B12 (16.7 mg/kg/day) for 30 days after PPA treatment. Finally, group five was given a combination of both ω-3 and vitamin B12 at the same dose for the same duration after PPA treatment. Biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress and impaired fatty acid metabolism were investigated in the brain homogenates of each group. The effects of the dietary supplements on the gut microbiota were also observed. The PPA-treated autistic model expressed significantly higher levels of lipid peroxides and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and significantly less glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) than the control group. However, a remarkable amelioration of most of the impaired markers was observed with oral supplementation with ω-3 and vitamin B12, either alone or in combination. Our results concluded that impairment at various steps of the lipid metabolic pathways may contribute to the development of autism; however, supplementation with ω-3 and vitamin B12 can result in a positive therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Al-Onazi
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah I Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Binobead
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa Othman
- Central laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Algahtani
- Central laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine M S Moubayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O box 22452, Riyadh, Zip code 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya S Alzeer
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Catalán Ú, Barrubés L, Valls RM, Solà R, Rubió L. In vitro Metabolomic Approaches to Investigating the Potential Biological Effects of Phenolic Compounds: An Update. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2017; 15:236-245. [PMID: 28549934 PMCID: PMC5582796 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dietary phenolic compounds (PCs) have been receiving interest for their presumed roles in disease prevention. However, there is a lack of studies on the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this regard, in vitrometabolomic approaches are suitable for the investigation of the molecular changes in response to PC exposure. Up to date, the biological effects of PCs have only been examined for PCs from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), olive oil, and resveratrol using cell-based metabolomic approach, although transcriptomic and/or proteomic studies have also been conducted in the same in vitro cell experiment in some cases. Our integral analysis of the reviewed studies suggest that PCs may be involved not only in basic cellular processes or macro- and micro-nutrient metabolism, but also in specific metabolic pathways that have been thoroughly investigated. These modulated pathways could have a clinical impact on neurodegenerative diseases, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, the in vitro metabolomic approaches provide additional information of the molecular mechanisms involved in disease risk reduction of dietary PCs. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of action of PCs, more metabolomic cell-based studies are needed and testing the physiological conjugated forms of PCs in these cell systems could be of special interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Úrsula Catalán
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus 43201, Spain
| | - Laura Barrubés
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus 43201, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Valls
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus 43201, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus 43201, Spain.
| | - Laura Rubió
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus 43201, Spain; Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida 25198, Spain
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