1
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Liang Z, Tong J, Sun Z, Liu S, Wu J, Wu X, Li T, Yu Y, Zhang L, Zhao C, Lu Q, Nie J, Huang W, Wang Y. Rational prediction of immunogenicity clustering through cross-reactivity analysis of thirteen SARS-CoV-2 variants. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29314. [PMID: 38163276 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals underscore the threat posed by continuous mutating variants, such as Omicron, to vaccine-induced immunity. This necessitates the search for broad-spectrum immunogens capable of countering infections from such variants. This study evaluates the immunogenicity relationship among SARS-CoV-2 variants, from D614G to XBB, through Guinea pig vaccination, covering D614G, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.75, BA.2.75.2, BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1.1, and XBB, employing three immunization strategies: three-dose monovalent immunogens, three-dose bivalent immunogens, and a two-dose vaccination with D614G followed by a booster immunization with a variant strain immunogen. Three distinct immunogenicity clusters were identified: D614G, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta as cluster 1, BA.1, BA.2, and BA.2.75 as cluster 2, BA.2.75.2, BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1.1, and XBB as cluster 3. Broad-spectrum protection could be achieved through a combined immunization strategy using bivalent immunogens or D614G and XBB, or two initial D614G vaccinations followed by two XBB boosters. A comparison of neutralizing antibody levels induced by XBB boosting and equivalent dosing of D614G and XBB revealed that the XBB booster produced higher antibody levels. The study suggests that vaccine antigen selection should focus on the antigenic alterations among variants, eliminating the need for updating vaccine components for each variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Liang
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Jincheng Tong
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Sun
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajing Wu
- Department of R&D Beijing Yunling Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | | | - Li Zhang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyan Zhao
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Nie
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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2
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Sandoval C, Guerrero D, Muñoz J, Godoy K, Souza-Mello V, Farías J. Effectiveness of mRNA, protein subunit vaccine and viral vectors vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in people over 18 years old: a systematic review. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:35-53. [PMID: 36484136 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2156861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccines prevent disease and disability; save lives and represent a good assessment of health interventions. Several systematic reviews on the efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines have been published, but the immunogenicity and safety of these vaccines should also be addressed. AREAS COVERED This systemic investigation sought to explain the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of new vaccination technologies against SARS-CoV-2 in people over 18 years old. Original research studying the effectiveness on mRNA, protein subunit vaccines, and viral vector vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in people over 18 years old was analyzed. Several databases (Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE and EMBASE) were searched between 2012 and November 2022 for English-language papers using text and MeSH terms related to SARS-CoV-2, mechanism, protein subunit vaccine, viral vector, and mRNA. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO, CRD42022341952. Study quality was assessed using the NICE methodology. We looked at a total of six original articles. All studies gathered and presented quantitative data. EXPERT OPINION Our results suggest that new vaccinations could have more than 90% efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, regardless of the technology used. Furthermore, adverse reactions go from mild to moderate, and good immunogenicity can be observed for all vaccine types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Sandoval
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno, Chile.,Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Daniela Guerrero
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno, Chile
| | - Joham Muñoz
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno, Chile
| | - Karina Godoy
- Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Biorecursos (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Morfológicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratorio de Morfometría, Metabolismo y Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Centro Biomédico, Instituto de Biología, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge Farías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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3
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Richards F, Kodjamanova P, Chen X, Li N, Atanasov P, Bennetts L, Patterson BJ, Yektashenas B, Mesa-Frias M, Tronczynski K, Buyukkaramikli N, El Khoury AC. Economic Burden of COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 2022; 14:293-307. [PMID: 35509962 PMCID: PMC9060810 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s338225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective To review and qualitatively synthesize the evidence related to the economic burden of COVID-19, including healthcare resource utilization and costs. Methods A systematic review of studies that assessed the economic burden [eg, direct costs, productivity, macroeconomic impact due to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and equity] of COVID-19 was conducted by searches in EMBASE, MEDLINE, MEDLINE-IN-PROCESS, and The Cochrane Library, as well as manual searches of unpublished research for the period between January 2020 to February 2021. Single reviewer data extraction was confirmed independently by a second reviewer. Results The screening process resulted in a total of 27 studies: 25 individual publications, and 2 systematic literature reviews, of narrower scopes, that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The patients diagnosed with more severe COVID-19 were associated with higher costs. The main drivers for higher costs were consistent across countries and included ICU admission, in-hospital resource use such as mechanical ventilation, which lead to increase costs of $2082.65 ± 345.04 to $2990.76 ± 545.98. The most frequently reported indirect costs were due to productivity losses. On average, older COVID-19 patients incurred higher costs when compared to younger age groups. An estimation of a 20% COVID-19 infection rate based on a Monte Carlo simulation in the United States led to a total direct medical cost of $163.4 billion over the course of the pandemic. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a considerable economic burden on patients and the general population. Preventative measures such as NPIs only have partial success in lowering the economic costs of the pandemic. Implementing additional preventative measures such as large-scale vaccination is vital in reducing direct and indirect medical costs, decreased productivity, and GDP losses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xue Chen
- HEMA Amaris, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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4
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Calabro' GE, Carini E, Tognetto A, Giacchetta I, Bonanno E, Mariani M, Ricciardi W, de Waure C. The Value(s) of Vaccination: Building the Scientific Evidence According to a Value-Based Healthcare Approach. Front Public Health 2022; 10:786662. [PMID: 35359753 PMCID: PMC8963736 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.786662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesTo provide a new value-based immunization approach collating the available scientific evidence on the topic.MethodsFour value pillars (personal, allocative, technical, and societal) applied to vaccination field were investigated. A systematic literature review was performed querying three database from December 24th, 2010 to May 27th, 2020. It included studies on vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) that mentioned the term value in any part and which were conducted in advanced economies. An in-depth analysis was performed on studies addressing value as key element.ResultsOverall, 107 studies were considered. Approximately half of the studies addressed value as a key element but in most of cases (83.3%) only a single pillar was assessed. Furthermore, the majority of papers addressed the technical value by looking only at classical methods for economic assessment of vaccinations whereas very few dealt with societal and allocative pillars.ConclusionsEstimating the vaccinations value is very complex, even though their usefulness is certain. The assessment of the whole value of vaccines and vaccinations is still limited to some domains and should encompass the wider impact on economic growth and societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Elisa Calabro'
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- VIHTALI (Value In Health Technology and Academy for Leadership & Innovation), Spin-Off of Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elettra Carini
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elettra Carini
| | | | - Irene Giacchetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ester Bonanno
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Mariani
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Ricciardi
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara de Waure
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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5
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Arifin H, Widiasih R, Pradipta RO, Kurniawati Y. Regional disparities and their contribution to the coverage of the tetanus toxoid vaccine among women aged 15-49 years in Indonesia. F1000Res 2021; 10:437. [PMID: 34457242 PMCID: PMC8378405 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.53004.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevention of
Clostridium tetani bacterial infection through the administration of the tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine in women is important. The purpose of this study was to determine the regional disparities and factors associated with TT vaccine coverage in women aged 15–49 years in Indonesia. Methods: The Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) 2017 data was used in this study. A total of 36,028 women, aged 15–49 years were recruited using the two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. The questionnaire used was based on the DHS Questionnaire Phase 7. Chi-squared and binary logistic regression were used in this study as part of the analysis. Results: We found that the TT vaccine coverage was 75.32% and that the majority were spread across several provinces. The provinces of Bali and Nusa Tenggara, the richer respondents, living in a rural area, visiting the health facility, having health insurance, and those currently working were factors making it more likely that the women would receive the TT vaccine. The respondents aged 15–24 years with a primary education level and the respondents who were divorced were less likely to receive the TT vaccine. Conclusion: The coverage of the TT vaccine among women can be increased by considering the regional disparities in Indonesia and the socio-economic demographic details of the respondents. Strengthening the policies from the central government in the local governments can improve the screening process and vaccine delivery outcomes. In addition, the importance of giving the TT vaccine to women needs to be relayed through health education in collaboration between health workers and the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Arifin
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Restuning Widiasih
- Department of Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Yulia Kurniawati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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6
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Buhat CAH, Lutero DSM, Olave YH, Quindala KM, Recreo MGP, Talabis DASJ, Torres MC, Tubay JM, Rabajante JF. Using Constrained Optimization for the Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccines in the Philippines. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2021; 19:699-708. [PMID: 34169485 PMCID: PMC8225461 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-021-00667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine allocation is a national concern especially for countries such as the Philippines that have limited resources in acquiring COVID-19 vaccines. As such, certain groups are suggested to be prioritized for vaccination to protect the most vulnerable before vaccinating others. OBJECTIVE The study aims to determine an optimal and equitable allocation of COVID-19 vaccines in the Philippines that will minimize the projected number of additional COVID-19 deaths while satisfying the priority groups for immediate vaccination. METHODS In this study, a linear programming model is formulated to determine an allocation of vaccines such that COVID-19 deaths are minimized while the prioritization framework set by the government is satisfied. Data used were collected up to November 2020. Total vaccine supply, vaccine effectiveness, vaccine cost, and projected deaths are analyzed. Results of the model are also compared to other allocation approaches. RESULTS Results of the model show that a vaccine coverage of around 60-70% of the population can be enough for a community with limited supplies, and an increase in vaccine supply is beneficial if the initial coverage is less than the specified target range. Additionally, among the vaccines considered in the study, the one with 89.9% effectiveness and a 183 Philippine peso price per dose projected the lowest number of deaths. Compared with other model variations and common allocation approaches, the model has achieved both an optimal and equitable allocation. CONCLUSIONS Having a 100% coverage for vaccination with a 100% effectiveness rate of vaccine is ideal for all countries. However, some countries have limited resources. Therefore, the results of our study can be used by policymakers to determine an optimal and equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines for a country/community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Alvin H Buhat
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, Mathematics Building, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Jose R. Velasco Avenue, Los Baños City, 4031, Philippines.
- University of the Philippines Resilience Institute, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Destiny S M Lutero
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, Mathematics Building, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Jose R. Velasco Avenue, Los Baños City, 4031, Philippines
- University of the Philippines Resilience Institute, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Yancee H Olave
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, Mathematics Building, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Jose R. Velasco Avenue, Los Baños City, 4031, Philippines
- University of the Philippines Resilience Institute, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Kemuel M Quindala
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, Mathematics Building, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Jose R. Velasco Avenue, Los Baños City, 4031, Philippines
- University of the Philippines Resilience Institute, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Mary Grace P Recreo
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, Mathematics Building, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Jose R. Velasco Avenue, Los Baños City, 4031, Philippines
- University of the Philippines Resilience Institute, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Dylan Antonio S J Talabis
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, Mathematics Building, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Jose R. Velasco Avenue, Los Baños City, 4031, Philippines
- University of the Philippines Resilience Institute, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Monica C Torres
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, Mathematics Building, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Jose R. Velasco Avenue, Los Baños City, 4031, Philippines
- University of the Philippines Resilience Institute, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jerrold M Tubay
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, Mathematics Building, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Jose R. Velasco Avenue, Los Baños City, 4031, Philippines
- University of the Philippines Resilience Institute, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jomar F Rabajante
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, Mathematics Building, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Jose R. Velasco Avenue, Los Baños City, 4031, Philippines
- University of the Philippines Resilience Institute, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Quezon City, Philippines
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7
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Basile M, Calabrò GE, Ghelardi A, Ricciardi R, De Vincenzo R, Cicchetti A. HPV Vaccination in Women Treated for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Budget Impact Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:816. [PMID: 34451941 PMCID: PMC8402448 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Its progression is related to the development of malignant lesions, particularly cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs). CINs correlate with a higher risk of premature births, and their excisional and ablative treatment further increases this risk in pregnant women. These complications are also correlated with higher healthcare costs for their management. In Italy, more than 26,000 new cases of CINs are estimated to occur yearly and their economic burden is significant. Therefore, the management of these conditions is a public health priority. Since HPV vaccination is associated with a reduced risk of relapse in women surgically treated for HPV-related injuries, we estimated the economic impact of extending HPV vaccination to this target population. This strategy would result in a significant reduction in the general costs of managing these women, resulting in an overall saving for the Italian Health Service of €155,596.38 in 5 years. This lower cost is due not only to the reduced incidence of CINs following vaccination, but also to the lower occurrence of preterm births. Extending HPV vaccination to this target population as part of a care path to be offered to women treated for HPV injuries is therefore desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Basile
- Graduate School of Health Economics and Management (ALTEMS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Giovanna Elisa Calabrò
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- VIHTALI (Value in Health Technology and Academy for Leadership & Innovation), Spin-Off of Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Ghelardi
- Azienda USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, UOC Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Ospedale Apuane, Via Enrico Mattei, 21, 54100 Massa, Italy;
| | - Roberto Ricciardi
- VIHTALI (Value in Health Technology and Academy for Leadership & Innovation), Spin-Off of Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rosa De Vincenzo
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Americo Cicchetti
- Graduate School of Health Economics and Management (ALTEMS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (A.C.)
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8
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How Public Health Professionals View Mandatory Vaccination in Italy-A Cross-Sectional Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060580. [PMID: 34205959 PMCID: PMC8228801 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the decline in child vaccination coverage and the subsequent occurrence of large vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks, in 2017 Italy introduced a new law that made ten vaccines mandatory for children aged 0-16 years. The policy change initiated an ongoing debate among the general public, as well as in the political arena and the scientific community, over this major public health concern. Hence, we conducted a survey aimed at assessing Italian public health professionals' attitudes towards and opinions on mandatory vaccination. A validated online questionnaire was administered to 1350 members of the Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Among the 1044 responders (response rate 77%), a large majority were in favour of the Italian mandatory vaccination law (91%) and against its repeal (74%). Nevertheless, according to our sample, maintaining a high level of vaccination coverage without the need to mandate would be preferable, and thus efforts to promote vaccine confidence and proactive vaccine uptake are still needed.
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9
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Curfman A, McSwain SD, Chuo J, Olson CA, Simpson K. An Economic Framework to Measure Value of Pediatric Telehealth. Telemed J E Health 2021; 27:1440-1442. [PMID: 33891500 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2020.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Healthcare is experiencing significant disruptive innovation with the use of technology, including telemedicine and virtual modalities to deliver care. These new models can dramatically improve access to care and reduce healthcare disparities for patients, especially in underserved and vulnerable populations like children. Problem: To assure diffusions and retention of new approaches they must be assessed for economic value. However, measuring telehealth programs using only an institutional financial viewpoint fails to convey all the societal value of such interventions, so economic studies of telehealth are needed but complex to design. Methods: We reviewed economic study guidelines, details from telehealth study research protocols, IRB submission questions, and telehealth study design literature. We then used an iterative consensus process to develop a framework for measuring value of virtual care at the societal level. Results: The work produced a set of tools that are useful for designing studies for measuring value of virtual care at the societal level. The framework and tools are presented in this report. Conclusion: The conceptual framework for economic evaluation was feasible for use when applied to measure pediatric telehealth value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Curfman
- Department of Pediatrics, Mercy Clinic in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - S David McSwain
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - John Chuo
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina A Olson
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kit Simpson
- Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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10
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Abdullahi IN, Emeribe AU, Adekola HA, Abubakar SD, Dangana A, Shuwa HA, Nwoba ST, Mustapha JO, Haruna MT, Olowookere KA, Animasaun OS, Ugwu CE, Onoja SO, Gadama AS, Mohammed M, Daneji IM, Amadu DO, Ghamba PE, Onukegbe NB, Shehu MS, Isomah C, Babayo A, Ahmad AEF. Leveraging on the genomics and immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 for vaccines development: prospects and challenges. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:620-637. [PMID: 32936732 PMCID: PMC7993231 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1812313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and case-fatality rates (CFRs) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the etiological agent for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), have been rising unabated. Even though the entire world has been implementing infection prevention and control measures, the pandemic continues to spread. It has been widely accepted that preventive vaccination strategies are the public health measures for countering this pandemic. This study critically reviews the latest scientific advancement in genomics, replication pattern, pathogenesis, and immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and how these concepts could be used in the development of vaccines. We also offer a detailed discussion on the anticipated potency, efficacy, safety, and pharmaco-economic issues that are and will be associated with candidate COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Uchenna Emeribe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Sharafudeen Dahiru Abubakar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Amos Dangana
- Department of Medical Laboratory Services, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Halima Ali Shuwa
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology, Manchester Collaborative Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Jelili Olaide Mustapha
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Kafayat Adepeju Olowookere
- Department of Medical Laboratory Services, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Olawale Sunday Animasaun
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Charles Egede Ugwu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | - Abdullahi Sani Gadama
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Musa Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Isa Muhammad Daneji
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Dele Ohinoyi Amadu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Peter Elisha Ghamba
- WHO National Polio Reference Laboratory, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | | | - Muhammad Sagir Shehu
- Medical Laboratory Department, College of Health Technology, Ningi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
| | - Chiladi Isomah
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Babayo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Abdurrahman El-Fulaty Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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