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Iohara K, Tominaga M, Watanabe H, Nakashima M. Periapical bacterial disinfection is critical for dental pulp regenerative cell therapy in apical periodontitis in dogs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:17. [PMID: 38229184 PMCID: PMC10792888 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Application of pulp regenerative cell therapy for mature teeth with periapical lesions is a critical clinical challenge. The bacterial infection in inaccessible location within the root canal system and in the periapical lesions could cause resistance and impediment, leading to limitations in successful therapy. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of residual bacteria on the outcome of pulp regeneration in mature teeth with apical periodontitis in dogs. METHODS Periapical lesions were induced in 32 root canals of 4 dogs in two different models in severities, model A and model B. Model A (moderate infection): the canal exposed to the oral cavity for 2 weeks and then closed for 2 weeks. Model B (severe infection): the canal exposed to the oral cavity for 2 months and then closed for 5 months. All root canals were irrigated with 6% sodium hypochlorite, and 3% EDTA and further with 0.015% levofloxacin-containing nanobubbles, which was also used as an intracanal medicament. The aseptic conditions were examined by bacterial anaerobic culture and/or PCR analyses. The root canal treatment was repeated several times, and allogeneic dental pulp stem cells were transplanted into the root canals. The radiographic evaluation of periapical lesions was performed by cone-beam computed tomography before the first treatment, just after cell transplantation, and after 2 months and 6 months in both model A, model B, respectively. The animals were then sacrificed and the jaw blocks were harvested for histological and histobacteriological evaluations of pulp regeneration and periapical tissue healing. Furthermore, the DiI-labelled DPSCs were transplanted into the root canals after complete disinfection (n = 4) or without root canal treatment (n = 4) in the apical periodontitis model (model A) in one dog, and cell localization was compared 72 h after transplantation. RESULTS In 8 out of 12 canals from model A, and 10 out of 15 canals from model B, pulp regeneration with good vascularization, innervation, and a significant reduction in the radiolucent area of the periapical lesions were observed. However, in the other 4 canals and 5 canals from model A and model B, respectively, no pulp tissue was regenerated, and inflammation in the periapical tissue, and external resorption or healed external resorption were detected. The presence of residual bacteria in the periapical tissues and severe inflammation were significantly associated with inhibition of regenerated pulp tissue in these 9 unsuccessful canals (P < 0.05, each) (OR = 0.075, each) analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. For cellular kinetics, transplanted cells remained in the disinfected root canals, while they were not detected in the infected root canals, suggesting their migration through the apical foramen under the influence of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS A true pulp-dentin complex was regenerated in the root canal by the pulp regenerative therapy in mature teeth with apical lesions. The successful pulp regeneration was negatively associated both with residual bacteria and inflammation in the periapical tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Iohara
- Section of Regenerative Dental Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Geroscience Research Center, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Michiyo Tominaga
- Section of Regenerative Dental Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Geroscience Research Center, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Misako Nakashima
- Section of Regenerative Dental Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Geroscience Research Center, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
- Air Water Group, Aeras Bio Inc., Kobe, Hyogo, 650-047, Japan
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Guerrero-Bobadilla C, Yáñez-Sánchez I, Franco-Ávila T, Martínez-Rizo AB, Domínguez-Rosales A, Alvarez-Rodríguez BA, Vázquez-Sánchez ME, Arias-Gómez R, Gálvez-Gastélum FJ. Reduction of NrF2 as coadjuvant during the development of persistent periapical lesions. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2023; 28:e404-e411. [PMID: 37330967 PMCID: PMC10499338 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.25815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent periapical lesions (PPL) are the result of pulpar necrosis induced by bacterial infection resulting in bone degradation and culminating with the loss of dental piece. Pathological changes in the peripapice are associated with the presence of free radicals. The transcription factor Nrf2 is the main regulator of the endogenous antioxidant response against oxidative stress and has been implicated in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis.The aim is to determine the oxidative condition in samples from patients with Persistent Periapical Injuries as a detonating factor of tissue damage. MATERIAL AND METHODS An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in samples with PPL (cases) and samples by removal of third molars (controls) obtained in the clinic of the specialty in endodontics, University of Guadalajara. Samples were submitted to histological staining with Hematoxylin-Eosin, lipoperoxide analysis, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione-Peroxidase (GPx) and Catalase (CAT) activities were determined by immunoenzymatic assays and NrF2 by Western Blot analysis. RESULTS Samples from PPL patients histologically showed an increased presence of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils, as well as a decrease in extracellular matrix proteins and fibroblast cells. There was a rise in lipid peroxidation, GPx and SOD activities, but an important decline (36%) in Catalase activity was observed (p<0.005); finally, NrF2-protein was diminished at 10.41%. All comparisons were between cases vs controls. CONCLUSIONS The alterations in antioxidants endogenous NrF2-controlled are related to osseous destruction in patients with PPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guerrero-Bobadilla
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology CUCS, University of Guadalajara Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Centro C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxide/Saline versus Calcium Hydroxide/ Artemisia persica Essential Oil as Intracanal Medicament to Improve Radiographic Visualization of Periapical Lesions in Necrotic Teeth: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:6364881. [PMID: 36845628 PMCID: PMC9949950 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6364881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to compare the efficacy of calcium hydroxide (CH)/saline and CH/Artemisia persica (A. persica) essential oil as an intracanal medicament for radiographic resolution of periapical (PA) lesions in necrotic teeth. Materials and Methods This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 22 patients with necrotic teeth and PA lesions presenting to two private endodontic offices. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (n = 11) to receive CH/saline (control group) and CH/A. persica essential oil (10%) (intervention group) as intracanal medicaments between treatment sessions. The size of PA radiolucency was measured on parallel PA radiographs taken before treatment and also at 1 and 3 months after completion of treatment. The mean time of healing of PA lesions was also compared between the two groups. Data were analyzed by the independent t-test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test (alpha = 0.05). Results No significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the changes in the size of PA lesions, relative healing percentage, and speed of healing, neither at 1 nor at 3 months postoperatively (P > 0.05). Regarding the presence/absence of clinical symptoms in the second treatment session, the intervention group showed greater resolution of symptoms, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). Conclusion According to the present results, it appears that the addition of A. persica essential oil to CH for application as intracanal medicament does not add any particular advantage.
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Benny B, Pillai V, Joseph A, Pazhani J, Mony V. Oral Microbes Associated with Pulp and Periapical Infections. JOURNAL OF OROFACIAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_268_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ravinanthanan M, Hegde MN, Shetty V, Kumari S, Al Qahtani FN. A Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Novel Surfactant-Based Endodontic Irrigant Regimen's on Enterococcus faecalis. Contemp Clin Dent 2022; 13:205-210. [PMID: 36213858 PMCID: PMC9533387 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_360_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Irrigants play an important role in the eradication of microorganisms in the complex root canal system. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), and iodine potassium iodide (IKI) have certain limitations despite their routine clinical use. Surfactant irrigants with antimicrobial properties can be a milestone in endodontics to overcome the drawbacks of conventional irrigants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of surfactants in comparison with routine endodontic irrigants on Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods Primary irrigants NaOCl, CHX, IKI were prepared at concentrations of 5%, 2.5%, 2%, and 1%; while mixture of tetracycline acid and detergent (MTAD) (100%) served as control group. Surfactants such as cetrimide (CTR) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were prepared at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. The direct contact assay was used to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy after 5 min. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results In the primary group, only 5% CHX was significant over MTAD (P < 0.05). In the surfactant group, all concentrations of CTR and SDS (except 0.5%) were significant (P < 0.05) in killing E. faecalis over MTAD. Two percent CHX in combination with 0.5% CTR and 1% SDS had an effective kill percentage over 2% CHX and MTAD alone. Conclusion Surfactant irrigant regimens can be used as adjuncts with CHX to overcome its clinical limitations and potentiate its substantivity, thereby enhancing clinical success in endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Ravinanthanan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence:Dr. Manikandan Ravinanthanan, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | - Mithra N. Hegde
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, ABSMIDS, NITTE University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Veena Shetty
- Department of Microbiology, ABSMIDS, NITTE University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchetha Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, ABSMIDS, NITTE University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Fahd Nasser Al Qahtani
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Present status and future directions - microbiology of endodontic infections. Int Endod J 2021; 55 Suppl 3:512-530. [PMID: 34958494 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis has a microbial aetiology and is one of the most common inflammatory diseases that affect humans. Fungi, archaea and viruses have been found in association with apical periodontitis, but bacteria are by far the most prevalent and dominant microorganisms in endodontic infections. Bacterial infection of the root canal system only occurs when the pulp is necrotic or was removed for previous treatment. In some specific cases, including acute and chronic abscesses, the bacterial infection may reach the periradicular tissues. Intracanal bacteria are usually observed as sessile multispecies communities (biofilms) attached to the dentinal root canal walls. Infection in the main root canal lumen can spread to other areas of the root canal system. Although more than 500 bacterial species have been detected in endodontic infections, a selected group of 20 to 30 species are most frequently detected and may be considered as the core microbiome. There is a high interindividual variability in the endodontic microbiome in terms of species composition and relative abundance. Obligate anaerobic species are more abundant in the intraradicular bacterial communities of teeth with primary apical periodontitis, while both anaerobes and facultatives dominate the communities in post-treatment apical periodontitis. Bacterial interactions play an essential role in determining the overall virulence of the community, which has been regarded as the unit of pathogenicity of apical periodontitis. This article reviews the microbiologic aspects of endodontic infections and provides perspectives for future research and directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, and Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, and Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Plasma Rich in Growth Factors in the Treatment of Endodontic Periapical Lesions in Adult Patients: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101041. [PMID: 34681265 PMCID: PMC8539488 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet concentrates have been widely used in regenerative medicine, including endodontics. The aim of this manuscript was to assess critically the efficacy of PRF in the treatment of endodontic periapical lesions in adult patients on the basis of the literature. The PICO approach was used to properly develop literature search strategies. The PubMed database was analyzed with the keywords: "((PRP) OR (PRF) OR (PRGF) OR (CGF)) AND (endodontic) AND ((treatment) OR (therapy))". After screening of 155 results, 14 articles were included in this review. Different types of platelet concentrates are able to stimulate the processes of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) releases growth factors for at least 7 days at the application site. Growth factors and released cytokines stimulate the activity of osteoblasts. Moreover, the release of growth factors accelerates tissue regeneration by increasing the migration of fibroblasts. It was not possible to assess the efficacy of PRF supplementation in the treatment of endodontic periapical lesions in permanent, mature teeth with closed apexes, due to the lack of well-designed scientific research. Further studies are needed to analyze the effect of PRF on the healing processes in the periapical region.
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Altaie AM, Saddik B, Alsaegh MA, Soliman SSM, Hamoudi R, Samaranayake LP. Prevalence of unculturable bacteria in the periapical abscess: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255485. [PMID: 34351963 PMCID: PMC8341601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of unculturable bacteria in periapical abscess, radicular cyst, and periapical granuloma. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Ovid databases were systematically searched from January 1990 to May 2020. All the included studies were cross-sectional design. The risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute check-list. Heterogeneity was described using meta-regression and mixed-effects model for lesion, country, and sequence technique moderators. Funnel plot and unweighted Egger's regression test were used to estimate the publication bias. Microbiome data on diversity, abundance, and frequency of unculturable bacteria in the periapical lesions were reviewed, analysed, and the principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. RESULTS A total of 13 studies out of 14,780, were selected for the final analysis. These studies focused on the prevalence of unculturable bacteria in periapical abscesses and related lesions. Approximately 13% (95% CI: 7-23%) of the cumulative number of bacteria derived from periapical abscesses was unculturable. Country moderator significantly (P = 0.05) affects the diversity summary proportion. While the pooled frequency of unculturable bacteria was 8%; 95% CI: 5, 14%, the estimate of the pooled abundance of unculturable bacteria was 5%; 95% CI: 2, 12% with a significant (P = 0.05) country moderator that affects the abundance summary proportion. Of the 62 unculturable bacteria, 35 were subjected to PCA and Peptostreptococcus sp. oral clone CK035 was the most abundant species in periapical abscesses. Hybridization techniques were found to be the most reliable molecular methods in detecting the abundance and frequency of unculturable bacteria. CONCLUSION The significant prevalence of unculturable bacteria in the periapical abscess, suggests that they are likely to play, a yet unknown, critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. Further research remains to be done to confirm their specific contributions in the virulence and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Muayad Altaie
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Basema Saddik
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mohammed Amjed Alsaegh
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Sameh S. M. Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (RH); (LPS)
| | - Lakshman P. Samaranayake
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- * E-mail: (RH); (LPS)
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Bronzato JD, Bomfim RA, Hayasida GZP, Cúri M, Estrela C, Paster BJ, Gomes BPFA. Analysis of microorganisms in periapical lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 124:105055. [PMID: 33588190 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on prevalence of microorganisms and their viability/activity in endodontic periapical lesions. DESIGN Literature research was performed on five electronic biomedical databases from their start dates to June 2020. Only studies evaluating the presence of microorganisms in periapical lesions in human permanent teeth with secondary/persistent infection were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility for inclusion, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias. Meta-analysis and binominal tests were used to analyse the resulting data. RESULTS From the 1,313 records found, 23 full-texts were included for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The prevalence of microorganisms in endodontic periapical lesions was 87 % (95 % CI, 75-94) and the prevalence of viable/active microorganisms was 82 % (95 % CI, 66-91). There were statistical differences in the geographic area subgroup and between viable bacteria and active viruses. The most common detection method of microorganisms was the molecular one (69 %), and the most prevalent bacteria were the species Actinomyces, Fusobacterium and Prevotella (40 %). Most of the included studies had moderate risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of microorganisms in endodontic periapical lesions was 87 % and the prevalence of viable/active microorganisms was 82 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana D Bronzato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Bomfim
- Department of Community Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Z P Hayasida
- Department of Applied Math and Statistics, Institute of Math and Computing Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cúri
- Department of Applied Math and Statistics, Institute of Math and Computing Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Estrela
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Brenda P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Bronzato JD, Davidian MES, de Castro M, de-Jesus-Soares A, Ferraz CCR, Almeida JFA, Marciano MA, Gomes BPFA. Bacteria and virulence factors in periapical lesions associated with teeth following primary and secondary root canal treatment. Int Endod J 2020; 54:660-671. [PMID: 33270246 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the microbial profile and to quantify the levels of endotoxins (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) present in periapical lesions associated with root filled teeth and those that had received root canal retreatment. It also aimed to investigate the association between microorganisms and their virulence factors with clinical and radiographic features. METHODOLOGY Patients with periapical lesions in teeth with post-treatment endodontic disease following primary root canal treatment (n = 19) and unsuccessful root canal retreatment (n = 13) were treatment planned for endodontic microsurgery, where the periapical lesions were collected. Clinical and radiographic data were also collected. For microbiological analysis, nested polymerase chain reaction was used to detect 17 bacterial species. Levels of LPS and LTA were determined using limulus amebocyte lysate and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. The Student t-test or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were applied to compare the data on LPS and LTA with clinical and radiographic features. The associations between the clinical and radiographic features and the bacterial species were analysed using the Fisher's exact test. A significance level of 5% was adopted. RESULTS Bacterial DNA, LPS and LTA were detected in all samples. Parvimonas micra was the most commonly detected species in all groups, followed by Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas endodontalis. The type of endodontic treatment, whether a primary root canal treatment or retreatment, was not associated with the presence of any bacterial species in periapical lesions. The levels of LPS and LTA in periapical lesions of root filled teeth were not significantly different from those that had been retreated. Associations between the levels of LPS and LTA with clinical signs and symptoms were found. No association was found between specific bacteria and clinical features. CONCLUSION Periapical lesions associated with teeth after primary root canal treatment and retreatment had similar polymicrobial composition. The levels of LPS and LTA in periapical lesions associated with teeth after primary root canal treatment and retreatment were similar, and both were associated with the same symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Bronzato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - M E S Davidian
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - M de Castro
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Computing Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - A de-Jesus-Soares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - C C R Ferraz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - J F A Almeida
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - M A Marciano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - B P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Freire MS, Oliveira NG, Lima SMF, Porto WF, Martins DCM, Silva ON, Chaves SB, Sousa MV, Ricart CAO, Castro MS, Fontes W, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. IL-4 absence triggers distinct pathways in apical periodontitis development. J Proteomics 2020; 233:104080. [PMID: 33338687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp is a specialized tissue able to respond to infectious processes. Nevertheless, infection progress and root canal colonization trigger an immune-inflammatory response in tooth-surrounding tissues, leading to apical periodontitis and bone tissue destruction, further contributing to tooth loss. In order to shed some light on the effects of IL-4 on periradicular pathology development modulation, microtomographic, histological and proteomic analyses were performed using 60 mice, 30 wild type and 30 IL-4-/-. For that, 5 animals were used for microtomographic and histological analysis, and another 5 for proteomic analysis for 0, 7 and 21 days with/without pulp exposure. The periapical lesions were established in WT and IL-4-/- mice without statistical differences in their volume, and the value of p < 0.05 was adopted as significant in microtomographic and histological analyses. Regarding histological analysis, IL-4-/- mice show aggravation of pulp inflammation compared to WT. By using proteomic analysis, we have identified 32 proteins with increased abundance and 218 proteins with decreased abundance in WT animals after 21 days of pulp exposure, compared to IL-4-/- animals. However, IL-4-/- mice demonstrated faster development of apical periodontitis. These animals developed a compensatory mechanism to overcome IL-4 absence, putatively based on the identification of upregulated proteins related to immune system signaling pathways. Significance: IL-4 might play a protective role in diseases involving bone destruction and its activity may contribute to host protection, mainly due to its antiosteoclastogenic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna S Freire
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Centro Universitário do Planalto Central Apparecido dos Santos, UNICEPLAC, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Nelson G Oliveira
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Stella M F Lima
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, UCB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - William F Porto
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Porto Reports, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Danilo C M Martins
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Osmar N Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduacao em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Centro Universitário de Anápolis - UniEVANGELICA, Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Sacha B Chaves
- Departamento de nanotecnologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marcelo V Sousa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carlos A O Ricart
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Castro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Taia M B Rezende
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, UCB, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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12
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Fritz B, Stavnsbjerg C, Markvart M, Damgaard PDB, Nielsen SH, Bjørndal L, Qvortrup K, Bjarnsholt T. Shotgun sequencing of clinical biofilm following scanning electron microscopy identifies bacterial community composition. Pathog Dis 2019; 77:5371122. [PMID: 30844070 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm infections often involve aggregates of bacteria heterogeneously distributed throughout a tissue or on a surface (such as an implanted medical device). Identification of a biofilm infection requires direct visualization via microscopy, followed by characterization of the microbial community by culturing or sequencing-based approaches. A sample, therefore, must be divided prior to analysis, often leading to inconsistent results. We demonstrate a combined approach, using scanning electron microscopy and next-generation shotgun sequencing, to visually identify a biofilm and characterize the microbial community, without dividing the sample. A clinical sample recovered from a patient following a dental root-filling procedure was prepared and visualized by scanning electron microscopy. DNA was then extracted from the sample several years later and analyzed by shotgun sequencing. The method was subsequently validated on in vitro cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Between 19 and 21 different genera and species were identified in the clinical sample with an estimated relative abundance greater than 1% by two different estimation approaches. Only eight genera identified were not associated with endodontic infections. This provides a proof-of-concept for a dual, microscopy and sequencing-based approach to identify and characterize bacterial biofilms, which could also easily be implemented in other scientific fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine Fritz
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Stavnsbjerg
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Markvart
- Cariology and Endodontics, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter de Barros Damgaard
- Center for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie Holtsmark Nielsen
- Center for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Bjørndal
- Cariology and Endodontics, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Qvortrup
- Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology , Rigshospitalet, Henrik Harpestrengs Vej 4A, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ravinanthanan M, Hegde MN, Shetty VA, Kumari S. Antimicrobial assay of combination surfactant irrigant regimen on vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. An in vitro direct contact test. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2018; 15:397-403. [PMID: 30534167 PMCID: PMC6243805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are on the rise globally in primary intraradicular infections and resistant to most intracanal irrigants and medicaments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of irrigants and identify a cost-effective regimen to eradicate VRE. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro study irrigants were categorized as primary and surfactant groups with individual concentrations consisting of 10 samples each. Primary irrigants; sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), and iodine potassium iodide (IKI) were prepared in concentrations of 5%, 2.5%, 2%, and 1%. Surfactants cetrimide (CTR) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were prepared in concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. Biopure MTAD was chosen as the control group. ATCC 51299 (VRE) was evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility to the above irrigants by direct contact test for 5 min. The effect of each test irrigant was determined by calculating the percentage kill of viable bacteria by spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was done by means of a one-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U-test (P < 0.05 consider significant). RESULTS About 2.5% and 5% CHX were significant over mixture of tetracycline, acid and detergent (MTAD) (P < 0.05). 5% CHX could achieve 100% elimination while 2.5% CHX and 5% IKI had 99.90%. 2% CHX and 2.5% IKI had 99% effective kill percentage. All concentrations of NaOCl were ineffective (90%) as compared to MTAD (95%). CTR (0.5%, 1% and 2%) and SDS (2%) were significant (P < 0.05) over MTAD. Combination surfactant regimens of 2% CHX +0.5% CTR and 2% CHX +1% SDS achieved 99.90% eradication potential and were significant (P < 0.05) over MTAD. CONCLUSION Surfactant regimens were highly effective and superior to MTAD. CTR and SDS by their organic solvent property enhanced the antibacterial action of CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Ravinanthanan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, ABSMIDS, NITTE University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mithra N. Hegde
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, ABSMIDS, NITTE University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Veena A. Shetty
- Department of Microbiology, ABSMIDS, NITTE University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchetha Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, ABSMIDS, NITTE University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Yamaguchi M, Noiri Y, Itoh Y, Komichi S, Yagi K, Uemura R, Naruse H, Matsui S, Kuriki N, Hayashi M, Ebisu S. Factors that cause endodontic failures in general practices in Japan. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:70. [PMID: 29703201 PMCID: PMC5924503 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial biofilms that develop on root surfaces outside apical foramens have been found to be associated with refractory periapical periodontitis. However, several other factors cause endodontic failures apart from extraradicular biofilms. The aim of this study was to identify the factors causing endodontic failures in general practices in Japan. METHODS Patients diagnosed as having refractory periapical periodontitis by general practitioners and who requested endodontic treatment at Osaka University Dental Hospital were selected by checking medical records from April 2009 to March 2013. Factors causing endodontic failures were identified. RESULTS A total of 103 teeth were selected, and 76 teeth completed root-canal treatment. Tooth extractions were required for 18 teeth after or without endodontic treatment. Six teeth required apicoectomy after endodontic treatment. One tooth needed hemisection. One tooth needed intentional replantation. One tooth needed adhesion and replantation. The main causes of treatment failure were open apices (24 teeth), perforation (18 teeth), and root fracture (13 teeth). In six teeth with open apices that required apicoectomy or extraction, extraradicular biofilms may have been related to endodontic failure. CONCLUSIONS Most endodontic cases diagnosed with refractory periapical periodontitis by general practitioners were compromised by any other factors rather than extraradicular biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Itoh
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shungo Komichi
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yagi
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Reo Uemura
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruna Naruse
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saori Matsui
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nanako Kuriki
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Prevalence of Treponema Species Detected in Endodontic Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis. J Endod 2015; 41:579-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Lima SMDF, Sousa MGDC, Freire MDS, de Almeida JA, Cantuária APDC, Silva TAME, de Freitas CG, Dias SC, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. Immune Response Profile against Persistent Endodontic Pathogens Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis In Vitro. J Endod 2015; 41:1061-5. [PMID: 25845887 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Persistent microorganisms such as Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis might be directly related to endodontic treatment failure. The host response to these microorganisms impairs the reestablishment of intraradicular and periradicular health. METHODS The present investigation evaluated the expression of inflammatory mediators produced by RAW 264.7 cells in the presence of heat-killed antigens (HK) C. albicans and E. faecalis. Cultures of RAW cells were stimulated with both antigens in the presence or absence of recombinant interferon (rIFN)-γ. Parameters of cell viability, production of nitric oxide (NO), as well as the synthesis of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were analyzed. RESULTS Results demonstrated that cell viability was especially reduced in antigens and rIFN-γ-stimulated groups. Groups stimulated with HK C. albicans upregulated IL-10 production. Otherwise, the addition of rIFN-γ to HK C. albicans upregulated TNF-α and NO production. Groups stimulated with HK E. faecalis upregulated TNF-α production. HK E. faecalis and rIFN-γ upregulated TNF-α and NO synthesis. The production of other cytokines remained unchanged by all stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge regarding the host mechanism of response to microorganisms that perpetuate endodontic infection and the periradicular lesions can contribute to optimization of endodontic therapy. The mentioned inflammatory mediators and virulence factors involved in endodontic failure might guide lesion progression and also be targets in the development of disinfectant and immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Maris de Freitas Lima
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Maurício Gonçalves da Costa Sousa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Mirna de Souza Freire
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação da Rede Centro-Oeste, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Jeeser Alves de Almeida
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Curso de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Castro Cantuária
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Thaís Angélica Machado E Silva
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Camila Guimarães de Freitas
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Simoni Campos Dias
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; S-Inova, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taia Maria Berto Rezende
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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17
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Ricucci D, Siqueira JF, Lopes WSP, Vieira AR, Rôças IN. Extraradicular infection as the cause of persistent symptoms: a case series. J Endod 2014; 41:265-73. [PMID: 25282379 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This article describes 3 cases that presented persistent symptoms after appropriate endodontic treatment. Histopathologic and histobacteriologic investigation were conducted for determination of the cause. METHODS Three cases are reported that presented with persistent symptoms after endodontic retreatment (cases 1 and 2) or treatment (case 3). Periapical surgery was indicated and performed in these cases. The biopsy specimens, consisting of root apices and the apical periodontitis lesions, were subjected to histopathologic and histobacteriologic analyses. RESULTS Case 1 was an apical cyst with necrotic debris, heavily colonized by ramifying bacteria, in the lumen. No bacteria were found in the apical root canal system. Case 2 was a granuloma displaying numerous bacterial aggregations through the inflammatory tissue. Infection was also present in the dentinal tubules at the apical root canal. Case 3 was a cyst with bacterial colonies floating in its lumen; bacterial biofilms were also seen on the external apical root surface, filling a large lateral canal and other apical ramifications, and between layers of cementum detached from the root surface. No bacteria were detected in the main root canal. CONCLUSIONS Different forms of extraradicular infection were associated with symptoms in these cases, leading to short-term endodontic failure only solved by periapical surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José F Siqueira
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Weber S P Lopes
- Specialization Course, Brazilian Association of Dentistry, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adalberto R Vieira
- Specialization Course, Brazilian Association of Dentistry, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Zakaria MN, Takeshita T, Shibata Y, Maeda H, Wada N, Akamine A, Yamashita Y. Microbial community in persistent apical periodontitis: a 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. Int Endod J 2014; 48:717-28. [PMID: 25088120 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize the microbial composition of persistent periapical lesions of root filled teeth using a molecular genetics approach. METHODOLOGY Apical lesion samples were collected from 12 patients (23-80 years old) who visited the Kyushu University Hospital for apicectomy with persistent periapical lesions associated with root filled teeth. DNA was directly extracted from each sample and the microbial composition was comprehensively analysed using clone library analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and specific fimA genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis were confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with specific primers. RESULTS Bacteria were detected in all samples, and the dominant findings were P. gingivalis (19.9%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (11.2%) and Propionibacterium acnes (9%). Bacterial diversity was greater in symptomatic lesions than in asymptomatic ones. In addition, the following bacteria or bacterial combinations were characteristic to symptomatic lesions: Prevotella spp., Treponema spp., Peptostreptococcaceae sp. HOT-113, Olsenella uli, Slackia exigua, Selemonas infelix, P. gingivalis with type IV fimA, and a combination of P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and Peptostreptococcaceae sp. HOT-113 and predominance of Streptococcus spp. On the other hand, neither Enterococcus faecalis nor C. albicans were detected in any of the samples. CONCLUSION Whilst a diverse bacterial species were observed in the persistent apical lesions, some characteristic patterns of bacterial community were found in the symptomatic lesions. The diverse variation of community indicates that bacterial combinations as a community may cause persistent inflammation in periapical tissues rather than specific bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Zakaria
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Jenderal Achmad Yani University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - T Takeshita
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Shibata
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - H Maeda
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - N Wada
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - A Akamine
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Yamashita
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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19
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Present status and future directions in endodontic microbiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. As-yet-uncultivated oral bacteria: breadth and association with oral and extra-oral diseases. J Oral Microbiol 2013; 5:21077. [PMID: 23717756 PMCID: PMC3664057 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v5i0.21077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that 40–60% of the bacteria found in different healthy and diseased oral sites still remain to be grown in vitro, phenotypically characterized, and formally named as species. The possibility exists that these as-yet-uncultivated bacteria play important ecological roles in oral bacterial communities and may participate in the pathogenesis of several oral infectious diseases. There is also a potential for these as-yet-uncultivated oral bacteria to take part in extra-oral infections. For a comprehensive characterization of physiological and pathogenic properties as well as antimicrobial susceptibility of individual bacterial species, strains need to be grown in pure culture. Advances in culturing techniques have allowed the cultivation of several oral bacterial taxa only previously known by a 16S rRNA gene sequence signature, and novel species have been proposed. There is a growing need for developing improved methods to cultivate and characterize the as-yet-uncultivated portion of the oral microbiome so as to unravel its role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Siqueira JF, Fouad AF, Rôças IN. Pyrosequencing as a tool for better understanding of human microbiomes. J Oral Microbiol 2012; 4:JOM-4-10743. [PMID: 22279602 PMCID: PMC3266102 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v4i0.10743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized the analysis of microbial communities in diverse environments, including the human body. This article reviews several aspects of one of these technologies, the pyrosequencing technique, including its principles, applications, and significant contribution to the study of the human microbiome, with especial emphasis on the oral microbiome. The results brought about by pyrosequencing studies have significantly contributed to refining and augmenting the knowledge of the community membership and structure in and on the human body in healthy and diseased conditions. Because most oral infectious diseases are currently regarded as biofilm-related polymicrobial infections, high-throughput sequencing technologies have the potential to disclose specific patterns related to health or disease. Further advances in technology hold the perspective to have important implications in terms of accurate diagnosis and more effective preventive and therapeutic measures for common oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Dental School, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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22
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Distinctive features of the microbiota associated with different forms of apical periodontitis. J Oral Microbiol 2009; 1. [PMID: 21523208 PMCID: PMC3077003 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v1i0.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms infecting the dental root canal system play an unequivocal role as causative agents of apical periodontitis. Although fungi, archaea, and viruses have been found in association with some forms of apical periodontitis, bacteria are the main microbial etiologic agents of this disease. Bacteria colonizing the root canal are usually organized in communities similar to biofilm structures. Culture and molecular biology technologies have demonstrated that the endodontic bacterial communities vary in species richness and abundance depending on the different types of infection and different forms of apical periodontitis. This review paper highlights the distinctive features of the endodontic microbiota associated with diverse clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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