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Goh CE, Bohn B, Genkinger JM, Molinsky R, Roy S, Paster BJ, Chen CY, Yuzefpolskaya M, Colombo PC, Rosenbaum M, Knight R, Desvarieux M, Papapanou PN, Jacobs DR, Demmer RT. Dietary nitrate intake and net nitrite-generating capacity of the oral microbiome interact to enhance cardiometabolic health: Results from the Oral Infections Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study (ORIGINS). medRxiv 2024:2024.04.10.24305636. [PMID: 38645157 PMCID: PMC11030477 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.24305636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Background We investigated the association between dietary nitrate intake and early clinical cardiometabolic risk biomarkers, and explored whether the oral microbiome modifies the association between dietary nitrate intake and cardiometabolic biomarkers. Methods Cross-sectional data from 668 (mean [SD] age 31 [9] years, 73% women) participants was analyzed. Dietary nitrate intakes and alternative healthy eating index (AHEI) scores were calculated from food frequency questionnaire responses and a validated US food database. Subgingival 16S rRNA microbial genes (Illumina, MiSeq) were sequenced, and PICRUSt2 estimated metagenomic content. The Microbiome Induced Nitric oxide Enrichment Score (MINES) was calculated as a microbial gene abundance ratio representing enhanced net capacity for NO generation. Cardiometabolic risk biomarkers included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c, glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and were regressed on nitrate intake tertiles in adjusted multivariable linear models. Results Mean nitrate intake was 190[171] mg/day. Higher nitrate intake was associated with lower insulin, and HOMA-IR but particularly among participants with low abundance of oral nitrite enriching bacteria. For example, among participants with a low MINES, mean insulin[95%CI] levels in high vs. low dietary nitrate consumers were 5.8[5.3,6.5] vs. 6.8[6.2,7.5] (p=0.004) while respective insulin levels were 6.0[5.4,6.6] vs. 5.9[5.3,6.5] (p=0.76) among partcipants with high MINES (interaction p=0.02). Conclusion Higher dietary nitrate intake was only associated with lower insulin and insulin resistance among individuals with reduced capacity for oral microbe-induced nitrite enrichment. These findings have implications for future precision medicine-oriented approaches that might consider assessing the oral microbiome prior to enrollment into dietary interventions or making dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene E Goh
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bruno Bohn
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeanine M Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Molinsky
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sumith Roy
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ching-Yuan Chen
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Rosenbaum
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Moïse Desvarieux
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- INSERM UMR 1153, Centre de Recherche Epidemiologie et Statistique Paris Sorbonne Cité (CRESS), METHODS Core, Paris, France
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine and Science
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2
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Yay E, Yilmaz M, Toygar H, Balci N, Alvarez Rivas C, Bolluk Kılıç B, Zirh A, Paster BJ, Kantarci A. Oral and gut microbial profiling in periodontitis and Parkinson's disease. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2331264. [PMID: 38528960 PMCID: PMC10962298 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2331264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives We tested the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease (PA) alters the periodontitis-associated oral microbiome. Method Patients with periodontitis with Parkinson's disease (PA+P) and without PA (P) and systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (HC) were enrolled. Clinical, periodontal and neurological parameters were recorded. The severity of PA motor functions was measured. Unstimulated saliva samples and stool samples were collected. Next-generation sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (V1-V3 regions) was performed. Results PA patients had mild-to-moderate motor dysfunction and comparable plaque scores as those without, indicating that oral hygiene was efficient in the PA+P group. In saliva, there were statistically significant differences in beta diversity between HC and PA+P (p = 0.001), HC and P (p = 0.001), and P and PA+P (p = 0.028). The microbial profiles of saliva and fecal samples were distinct. Mycoplasma faucium, Tannerella forsythia, Parvimonas micra, and Saccharibacteria (TM7) were increased in P; Prevotella pallens, Prevotella melaninogenica, Neisseria multispecies were more abundant in PA+P group, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans, Dialister succinatiphilus, Butyrivibrio crossotus and Alloprevotella tannerae were detected in fecal samples in P groups compared to healthy controls. Conclusions No significant differences were detected between Parkinson's and non-Parkinson's gut microbiomes, suggesting that Parkinson's disease modifies the oral microbiome in periodontitis subjects independent of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Yay
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Periodontist, Private Practice, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melis Yilmaz
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilal Toygar
- Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Balci
- Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Carla Alvarez Rivas
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ali Zirh
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Rubinstein T, Brickman AM, Cheng B, Burkett S, Park H, Annavajhala MK, Uhlemann A, Andrews H, Gutierrez J, Paster BJ, Noble JM, Papapanou PN. Periodontitis and brain magnetic resonance imaging markers of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive aging. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2191-2208. [PMID: 38278517 PMCID: PMC10984451 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined the association of clinical, microbiological, and host response features of periodontitis with MRI markers of atrophy/cerebrovascular disease in the Washington Heights Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) Ancillary Study of Oral Health. METHODS We analyzed 468 participants with clinical periodontal data, microbial plaque and serum samples, and brain MRIs. We tested the association of periodontitis features with MRI features, after adjusting for multiple risk factors for Alzheimer's disease/Alzheimer's disease-related dementia (AD/ADRD). RESULTS In fully adjusted models, having more teeth was associated with lower odds for infarcts, lower white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, higher entorhinal cortex volume, and higher cortical thickness. Higher extent of periodontitis was associated with lower entorhinal cortex volume and lower cortical thickness. Differential associations emerged between colonization by specific bacteria/serum antibacterial IgG responses and MRI outcomes. DISCUSSION In an elderly cohort, clinical, microbiological, and serological features of periodontitis were associated with MRI findings related to ADRD risk. Further investigation of causal associations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rubinstein
- Division of PeriodonticsSection of OralDiagnostic and Rehabilitation SciencesCollege of Dental MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and Gertrude H. Sergievsky CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of BiostatisticsMailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sandra Burkett
- Division of PeriodonticsSection of OralDiagnostic and Rehabilitation SciencesCollege of Dental MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Heekuk Park
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineVagelos College of Physicians and, Surgeons, Irving Medical CenterColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Medini K. Annavajhala
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineVagelos College of Physicians and, Surgeons, Irving Medical CenterColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Anne‐Catrin Uhlemann
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineVagelos College of Physicians and, Surgeons, Irving Medical CenterColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Howard Andrews
- Department of BiostatisticsMailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jose Gutierrez
- Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- The Forsyth InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and ImmunityHarvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - James M. Noble
- Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and Gertrude H. Sergievsky CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Panos N. Papapanou
- Division of PeriodonticsSection of OralDiagnostic and Rehabilitation SciencesCollege of Dental MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Adelfio M, Bonzanni M, Callen GE, Paster BJ, Hasturk H, Ghezzi CE. A physiologically relevant culture platform for long-term studies of in vitro gingival tissue. Acta Biomater 2023; 167:321-334. [PMID: 37331612 PMCID: PMC10528240 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a clinical need to understand the etiologies of periodontitis, considering the growing socio-economic impact of the disease. Despite recent advances in oral tissue engineering, experimental approaches have failed to develop a physiologically relevant gingival model that combines tissue organization with salivary flow dynamics and stimulation of the shedding and non-shedding oral surfaces. Herein, we develop a dynamic gingival tissue model composed of a silk scaffold, replicating the cyto-architecture and oxygen profile of the human gingiva, along with a saliva-mimicking medium that reflected the ionic composition, viscosity, and non-Newtonian behavior of human saliva. The construct was cultured in a custom designed bioreactor, in which force profiles on the gingival epithelium were modulated through analysis of inlet position, velocity and vorticity to replicate the physiological shear stress of salivary flow. The gingival bioreactor supported the long-term in vivo features of the gingiva and improved the integrity of the epithelial barrier, critical against the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, the challenge of the gingival tissue with P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide, as an in vitro surrogate for microbial interactions, indicated a greater stability of the dynamic model in maintaining tissue homeostasis and, thus, its applicability in long-term studies. The model will be integrated into future studies with the human subgingival microbiome to investigate host-pathogen and host-commensal interactions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The major societal impact of human microbiome had reverberated up to the establishment of the Common Fund's Human Microbiome Project, that has the intent of studying the role of microbial communities in human health and diseases, including periodontitis, atopic dermatitis, or asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, these chronic diseases are emergent drivers of global socioeconomic status. Not only common oral diseases have been shown to be directly correlated with several systemic conditions, but they are differentially impacting some racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups. To address this growing social disparity, the development of in vitro gingival model would provide a time and cost-effective experimental platform, able to mimic the spectrum of periodontal disease presentation, for the identification of predictive biomarkers for early-stage diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adelfio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - M Bonzanni
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - G E Callen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - B J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - H Hasturk
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - C E Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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Gomes BPFA, Berber VB, Chiarelli-Neto VM, Aveiro E, Chapola RC, Passini MRZ, Lopes EM, Chen T, Paster BJ. Microbiota present in combined endodontic-periodontal diseases and its risks for endocarditis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4757-4771. [PMID: 37401984 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infective endocarditis (IE) is an inflammatory disease usually caused by bacteria that enter the bloodstream and establish infections in the inner linings or valves of the heart, including blood vessels. Despite the availability of modern antimicrobial and surgical treatments, IE continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Oral microbiota is considered one of the most significant risk factors for IE. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiota present in root canal (RC) and periodontal pocket (PP) clinical samples in cases with combined endo-periodontal lesions (EPL) to detect species related to IE using NGS. METHODS Microbial samples were collected from 15 RCs and their associated PPs, also from 05 RCs with vital pulp tissues (negative control, NC). Genomic studies associated with bioinformatics, combined with structuring of a database (genetic sequences of bacteria reported for infective endocarditis), allowed for the assessment of the microbial community at both sites. Functional prediction was conducted using PICRUSt2. RESULTS Parvimonas, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus were the major genera detected in the RCs and PPs. A total of 79, 96, and 11 species were identified in the RCs, PPs, and NCs, respectively. From them, a total of 34 species from RCs, 53 from PPs, and 2 from NCs were related to IE. Functional inference demonstrated that CR and PP microbiological profiles may not be the only risk factors for IE but may also be associated with systemic diseases, including myocarditis, human cytomegalovirus infection, bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Additionally, it was possible to predict antimicrobial resistance variants for broad-spectrum drugs, including ampicillin, tetracycline, and macrolides. CONCLUSION Microorganisms present in the combined EPL may not be the only risk factor for IE but also for systemic diseases. Antimicrobial resistance variants for broad-spectrum drugs were inferred based on PICRUSt-2. State-of-the-art sequencing combined with bioinformatics has proven to be a powerful tool for conducting studies on microbial communities and could considerably assist in the diagnosis of serious infections. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Few studies have investigated the microbiota in teeth compromised by combined endo-periodontal lesions (EPL), but none have correlated the microbiological findings to any systemic condition, particularly IE, using NGS techniques. In such cases, the presence of apical periodontitis and periodontal disease can increase IE risk in susceptible patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda P F A Gomes
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Bairro Areao, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa B Berber
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Bairro Areao, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Vito M Chiarelli-Neto
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Bairro Areao, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Emelly Aveiro
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Bairro Areao, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Rafaela C Chapola
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Bairro Areao, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Maicon R Z Passini
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Bairro Areao, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Erica M Lopes
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Bairro Areao, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Microbiology Department, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Almarhoumi R, Alvarez C, Harris T, Tognoni CM, Paster BJ, Carreras I, Dedeoglu A, Kantarci A. Microglial cell response to experimental periodontal disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:142. [PMID: 37316834 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microglial activation is critical for modulating the neuroinflammatory process and the pathological progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia are involved in forming barriers around extracellular neuritic plaques and the phagocytosis of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that periodontal disease (PD) as a source of infection alters inflammatory activation and Aβ phagocytosis by the microglial cells. METHODS Experimental PD was induced using ligatures in C57BL/6 mice for 1, 10, 20, and 30 days to assess the progression of PD. Animals without ligatures were used as controls. Maxillary bone loss and local periodontal tissue inflammation associated with the development of PD were confirmed by morphometric bone analysis and cytokine expression, respectively. The frequency and the total number of activated microglia (CD45+ CD11b+ MHCII+) in the brain were analyzed by flow cytometry. Mouse microglial cells (1 × 105) were incubated with heat-inactivated bacterial biofilm isolated from the ligatures retrieved from the teeth or with Klebsiella variicola, a relevant PD-associated bacteria in mice. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, toll-like receptors (TLR), and receptors for phagocytosis was measured by quantitative PCR. The phagocytic capacity of microglia to uptake β-amyloid was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Ligature placement caused progressive periodontal disease and bone resorption that was already significant on day 1 post-ligation (p < 0.05) and continued to increase until day 30 (p < 0.0001). The severity of periodontal disease increased the frequency of activated microglia in the brains on day 30 by 36%. In parallel, heat-inactivated PD-associated total bacteria and Klebsiella variicola increased the expression of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, TLR2, and TLR9 in microglial cells (1.6-, 83-, 3.2-, 1.5-, 1.5-fold, respectively p < 0.01). Incubation of microglia with Klebsiella variicola increased the Aβ-phagocytosis by 394% and the expression of the phagocytic receptor MSR1 by 33-fold compared to the non-activated cells (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS We showed that inducing PD in mice results in microglia activation in vivo and that PD-associated bacteria directly promote a pro-inflammatory and phagocytic phenotype in microglia. These results support a direct role of PD-associated pathogens in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Almarhoumi
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carla Alvarez
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Theodore Harris
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christina M Tognoni
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Research and Development Service, Building 1A-(151), 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Isabel Carreras
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Research and Development Service, Building 1A-(151), 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Alpaslan Dedeoglu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Research and Development Service, Building 1A-(151), 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Zhang L, Manning S, Wu TT, Zeng Y, Lee A, Wu Y, Paster BJ, Chen G, Fiscella K, Xiao J. Impact of Nystatin Oral Rinse on Salivary and Supragingival Microbial Community among Adults with Oral Candidiasis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1497. [PMID: 37374999 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Nystatin oral rinse on salivary and supragingival microbiota in adults with oral candidiasis and identify predictive factors related to individuals' responses to Nystatin. The trial involved twenty participants who used 600,000 International Units/application of Nystatin oral rinse for seven days, four times a day, and were followed up at one week and three months after the rinse. The salivary and plaque microbiome of the participants were assessed via 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Overall, salivary and plaque microbiomes remained stable. However, among the participants (53 percent) who responded to Nystatin rinse (defined as free of oral Candida albicans post treatment), Veillonella emerged as a core genus alongside Streptococcus and Actinomyces in supragingival plaque at the 3-month follow-up. Furthermore, statistical models were fit to identify predictive factors of Nystatin rinse success (elimination of C. albicans) or failure (remaining C. albicans). The results revealed that an increased level of salivary Interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible protein (IP-10), also known as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), was an indicator of a failure of responding to Nystatin rinse. Future clinical trials are warranted to comprehensively assess the impact of antifungal treatment on the oral flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Samantha Manning
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Tong Tong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Yan Zeng
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Aaron Lee
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - George Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kevin Fiscella
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Jin Xiao
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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Ellett F, Kacamak NI, Alvarez CR, Oliveira EH, Hasturk H, Paster BJ, Kantarci A, Irimia D. Fusobacterium nucleatum dissemination by neutrophils. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2217067. [PMID: 37283724 PMCID: PMC10240972 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2217067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies uncovered that Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), a common, opportunistic bacterium in the oral cavity, is associated with a growing number of systemic diseases, ranging from colon cancer to Alzheimer's disease. However, the pathological mechanisms responsible for this association are still poorly understood. Here, we leverage recent technological advances to study the interactions between Fn and neutrophils. We show that Fn survives within human neutrophils after phagocytosis. Using in vitro microfluidic devices, we determine that human neutrophils can protect and transport Fn over large distances. Moreover, we validate these observations in vivo by showing that neutrophils disseminate Fn using a zebrafish model. Our data support the emerging hypothesis that bacterial dissemination by neutrophils is a mechanistic link between oral and systemic diseases. Furthermore, our results may ultimately lead to therapeutic approaches that target specific host-bacteria interactions, including the dissemination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ellett
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nazli I. Kacamak
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carla R. Alvarez
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eduardo H.S. Oliveira
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Manning S, Xiao J, Li Y, Saraithong P, Paster BJ, Chen G, Wu Y, Wu TT. Novel Clustering Methods Identified Three Caries Status-Related Clusters Based on Oral Microbiome in Thai Mother–Child Dyads. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030641. [PMID: 36980913 PMCID: PMC10048127 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a disease that globally affects pre-school children. It is important to identify both protective and risk factors associated with this disease. This paper examined a set of saliva samples of Thai mother–child dyads and aimed to analyze how the maternal factors and oral microbiome of the dyads influence the development of ECC. However, heterogeneous latent subpopulations may exist that have different characteristics in terms of caries development. Therefore, we introduce a novel method to cluster the correlated outcomes of dependent observations while selecting influential independent variables to unearth latent groupings within this dataset and reveal their association in each group. This paper describes the discovery of three heterogeneous clusters in the dataset, each with its own unique mother–child outcome trend, as well as identifying several microbial factors that contribute to ECC. Significantly, the three identified clusters represent three typical clinical conditions in which mother–child dyads have typical (cluster 1), high–low (cluster 2), and low–high caries experiences (cluster 3) compared to the overall trend of mother–child caries status. Intriguingly, the variables identified as the driving attributes of each cluster, including specific taxa, have the potential to be used in the future as caries preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Manning
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jin Xiao
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yihong Li
- Master of Public Health Program, Department of Public & Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (T.T.W.)
| | - Prakaimuk Saraithong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- Molecular Microbiology & Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02142, USA
| | - George Chen
- Molecular Microbiology & Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Tong Tong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (T.T.W.)
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10
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Mougeot JLC, Beckman M, Paster BJ, Lockhart PB, Bahrani Mougeot F. Oral microbiomes of patients with infective endocarditis (IE): a comparative pilot study of IE patients, patients at risk for IE and healthy controls. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2144614. [DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2144614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc C. Mougeot
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Medicine/ Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Heath, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Micaela Beckman
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Medicine/ Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Heath, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- Department of Microbiology, the Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter B. Lockhart
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Medicine/ Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Heath, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Farah Bahrani Mougeot
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Medicine/ Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Heath, Charlotte, NC, USA
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11
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Abstract
The oral cavity is an unique ecosystem formed by different structures, tissues, and a complex microbial community formed by hundreds of different species of bacteria, fungi, viruses, phages, and the candidate phyla radiation (CPR) group, all living in symbiosis with healthy individuals. In an opposite state, dental caries is a biofilm-mediated dysbiosis that involves changes in the core microbiome composition and function, which leads to the demineralization of tooth tissues due to the fermentation of dietary carbohydrates, producing acid by select oral bacteria. The cariogenic biofilm is typically characterized by bacterial species with the ability of adhering to the saliva-coated tooth surface, production of exopolysaccharides-rich matrix (which will limit the diffusion of acidic products of carbohydrate fermentation), and the ability of surviving in this acidic environment. Besides years of research and dental treatment, dental caries remains the most common chronic disease in children worldwide. This article aims to bring an insightful discussion about important questions that remain unanswered in the Cariology and Oral Microbiology fields, to move Science forward, characterize the interrelationships of these communities, and understand mechanistic functions between microorganisms and the host, therefore leading to translatable knowledge that benefits the provision of care to our pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoena Aguiar Ribeiro
- Division of Diagnostic Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- CONTACT Apoena Aguiar Ribeiro Division of Diagnostic Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 150 Dental Circle, Chapel Hill, CB 7450, USA
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
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12
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Li Y, Saraithong P, Zhang L, Dills A, Paster BJ, Xiao J, Wu TT, Jones Z. Dynamics of oral microbiome acquisition in healthy infants: A pilot study. Front Oral Health 2023; 4:1152601. [PMID: 37065420 PMCID: PMC10098328 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1152601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The human oral microbiota is one of the most complex bacterial communities in the human body. However, how newborns initially acquire these bacteria remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the dynamics of oral microbial communities in healthy infants and investigated the influence of the maternal oral microbiota on the acquisition of the infant's oral microbiota. We hypothesized that the infant oral microbial diversity increases with age. Methods One hundred and sixteen whole-salivary samples were collected from 32 healthy infants and their biological mothers during postpartum and 9- and 15-month well-infant visits. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced by Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing (HOMINGS) methods. The Shannon index was used to measure the microbial diversity of the infant-mother dyads (alpha diversity). The microbial diversity between the mother-infant dyads (beta-diversity) was calculated using the weighted non-phylogenetic Bray-Curtis distance in QIIME 1.9.1. Core microbiome analysis was performed using MicrobiomeAnalyst software. Linear discriminant analysis coupled with effect size analysis was used to identify differentially abundant features between mother and infant dyads. Results A total of 6,870,571 16S rRNA reads were generated from paired mother-infant saliva samples. Overall, oral microbial profiles significantly differed between the mother and infant groups (p < 0.001). The diversity of the salivary microbiomes in the infants increased in an age-dependent manner, whereas the core microbiome of the mothers remained relatively stable during the study period. Breastfeeding and gender did not affect the microbial diversity in infants. Moreover, infants had a greater relative abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria than their mothers. The SparCC correlation analysis demonstrated constant changes in infants' oral microbial community network (p < 0.05). Conclusions This study provides new evidence that the oral cavities of infants are colonized by a distinct group of bacterial species at birth. The acquisition and diversity of changes in oral microbial composition are dynamic during the first year of an infant's life. Before reaching the second birthday, the composition of the oral microbial community could be more similar to that of their biological mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Li
- Master of Public Health Program, Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Correspondence: Yihong Li
| | - Prakaimuk Saraithong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lanxin Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Ashley Dills
- Family Translational Research Group, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- Molecular Microbiology & Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jin Xiao
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Tong Tong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Zachary Jones
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
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13
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Wu TT, Xiao J, Manning S, Saraithong P, Pattanaporn K, Paster BJ, Chen T, Vasani S, Gilbert C, Zeng Y, Li Y. Multimodal Data Integration Reveals Mode of Delivery and Snack Consumption Outrank Salivary Microbiome in Association With Caries Outcome in Thai Children. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:881899. [PMID: 35677657 PMCID: PMC9168266 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.881899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is not only the most common chronic childhood disease but also disproportionately affects underserved populations. Of those, children living in Thailand have been found to have high rates of ECC and severe ECC. Frequently, the cause of ECC is blamed on a handful of cariogenic organisms, such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. However, ECC is a multifactorial disease that results from an ecological shift in the oral cavity from a neutral pH (~7.5) to an acidic pH (<5.5) environment influenced by the host individual’s biological, socio-behavioral, and lifestyle factors. Currently, there is a lack of understanding of how risk factors at various levels influence the oral health of children at risk. We applied a statistical machine learning approach for multimodal data integration (parallel and hierarchical) to identify caries-related multiplatform factors in a large cohort of mother-child dyads living in Chiang Mai, Thailand (N=177). Whole saliva (1 mL) was collected from each individual for DNA extraction and 16S rRNA sequencing. A set of maternal and early childhood factors were included in the data analysis. Significantly, vaginal delivery, preterm birth, and frequent sugary snacking were found to increase the risk for ECC. The salivary microbial diversity was significantly different in children with ECC or without ECC. Results of linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis of the microbial community demonstrated that S. mutans, Prevotella histicola, and Leptotrichia hongkongensis were significantly enriched in ECC children. Whereas Fusobacterium periodonticum was less abundant among caries-free children, suggesting its potential to be a candidate biomarker for good oral health. Based on the multimodal data integration and statistical machine learning models, the study revealed that the mode of delivery and snack consumption outrank salivary microbiome in predicting ECC in Thai children. The biological and behavioral factors may play significant roles in the microbial pathobiology of ECC and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Tong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jin Xiao
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Yihong Li, ; Jin Xiao,
| | - Samantha Manning
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Prakaimuk Saraithong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical School University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Bruce J. Paster
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Shruti Vasani
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Christie Gilbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Yan Zeng
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Yihong Li
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University Master of Public Health Program, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Yihong Li, ; Jin Xiao,
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14
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Goh CE, Bohn B, Marotz C, Molinsky R, Roy S, Paster BJ, Chen C, Rosenbaum M, Yuzefpolskaya M, Colombo PC, Desvarieux M, Papapanou PN, Jacobs DR, Knight R, Demmer RT. Nitrite Generating and Depleting Capacity of the Oral Microbiome and Cardiometabolic Risk: Results from ORIGINS. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023038. [PMID: 35574962 PMCID: PMC9238569 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background
The enterosalivary nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide (NO
3
–NO
2
–NO) pathway generates NO following oral microbiota‐mediated production of salivary nitrite, potentially linking the oral microbiota to reduced cardiometabolic risk. Nitrite depletion by oral bacteria may also be important for determining the net nitrite available systemically. We examine if higher abundance of oral microbial genes favoring increased oral nitrite generation and decreased nitrite depletion is associated with a better cardiometabolic profile cross‐sectionally.
Methods and Results
This study includes 764 adults (mean [SD] age 32 [9] years, 71% women) enrolled in ORIGINS (Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance, and Insulin Resistance Study). Microbial DNA from subgingival dental plaques underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing; PICRUSt2 was used to estimate functional gene profiles. To represent the different components and pathways of nitrogen metabolism in bacteria, predicted gene abundances were operationalized to create summary scores by (1) bacterial nitrogen metabolic pathway or (2) biochemical product (NO
2
, NO, or ammonia [NH
3
]) formed by the action of the bacterial reductases encoded. Finally, nitrite generation‐to‐depletion ratios of gene abundances were created from the above summary scores. A composite cardiometabolic
Z
score was created from cardiometabolic risk variables, with higher scores associated with worse cardiometabolic health. We performed multivariable linear regression analysis with cardiometabolic
Z
score as the outcome and the gene abundance summary scores and ratios as predictor variables, adjusting for sex, age, race, and ethnicity in the simple adjusted model. A 1 SD higher NO versus NH
3
summary ratio was inversely associated with a −0.10 (false discovery rate
q
=0.003) lower composite cardiometabolic
Z
score in simple adjusted models. Higher NH
3
summary score (suggestive of nitrite depletion) was associated with higher cardiometabolic risk, with a 0.06 (false discovery rate
q
=0.04) higher composite cardiometabolic
Z
score.
Conclusions
Increased net capacity for nitrite generation versus depletion by oral bacteria, assessed through a metagenome estimation approach, is associated with lower levels of cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene E. Goh
- Faculty of DentistryNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Bruno Bohn
- Division of Epidemiology and Community HealthSchool of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
| | - Clarisse Marotz
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Rebecca Molinsky
- Division of Epidemiology and Community HealthSchool of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
| | - Sumith Roy
- Department of EpidemiologyMailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- The Forsyth InstituteCambridgeMA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and ImmunityHarvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMA
| | - Ching‐Yuan Chen
- Division of PeriodonticsSection of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation SciencesCollege of Dental MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY
| | - Michael Rosenbaum
- Division of Molecular GeneticsDepartments of Pediatrics and MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY
| | - Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineNew York Presbyterian HospitalColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY
| | - Paolo C. Colombo
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineNew York Presbyterian HospitalColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY
| | - Moïse Desvarieux
- Department of EpidemiologyMailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY
- INSERM UMR 1153Centre de Recherche Epidemiologie et Statistique Paris Sorbonne Cité (CRESS)METHODS CoreParisFrance
| | - Panos N. Papapanou
- Division of PeriodonticsSection of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation SciencesCollege of Dental MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY
| | - David R. Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community HealthSchool of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Computer Science & EngineeringJacobs School of EngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
- Center for Microbiome InnovationUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Ryan T. Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community HealthSchool of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
- Department of EpidemiologyMailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY
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15
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Brune A, Song Y, Oren A, Paster BJ. A new family for 'termite gut treponemes': description of Breznakiellaceae fam. nov., Gracilinema caldarium gen. nov., comb. nov., Leadbettera azotonutricia gen. nov., comb. nov., Helmutkoenigia isoptericolens gen. nov., comb. nov., and Zuelzera stenostrepta gen. nov., comb. nov., and proposal of Rectinemataceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [PMID: 35639582 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tracts of termites are abundantly colonized by a diverse assemblage of spirochetes. Most of them belong to 'termite cluster I', a monophyletic group within the radiation of the genus Treponema that occurs exclusively in termite guts. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that members of the genus Treponema are extremely diverse and represent two separate, family-level lineages: the Treponemataceae sensu stricto, which comprise the majority of the validly described Treponema species, and a second lineage that comprises the remaining members of the genus Treponema, including all members of 'termite cluster I' from termites and the recently isolated Breznakiella homolactica from cockroaches. Here, we present the formal description of Breznakiellaceae fam. nov. and of the new genera required to accommodate the misplaced Treponema species in the new family as new combinations (Leadbettera azotonutricia, Gracilinema caldarium, Helmutkoenigia isoptericolens and Zuelzera stenostrepta). To avoid paraphyly of Treponemataceae, we propose Rectinemataceae fam. nov. to include the genus Rectinema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brune
- Research Group Insect Gut Microbiology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Yulin Song
- Research Group Insect Gut Microbiology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Aharon Oren
- The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bruce J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First St., Cambridge, MA, USA
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16
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Marotz C, Molinsky R, Martino C, Bohn B, Roy S, Rosenbaum M, Desvarieux M, Yuzefpolskaya M, Paster BJ, Jacobs DR, Colombo PC, Papapanou PN, Knight R, Demmer RT. Early microbial markers of periodontal and cardiometabolic diseases in ORIGINS. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:30. [PMID: 35444197 PMCID: PMC9021254 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis affects up to 50% of individuals worldwide, and 8.5% are diagnosed with diabetes. The high-comorbidity rate of these diseases may suggest, at least in part, a shared etiology and pathophysiology. Changes in oral microbial communities have been documented in the context of severe periodontitis and diabetes, both independently and together. However, much less is known about the early oral microbial markers of these diseases. We used a subset of the ORIGINS project dataset, which collected detailed periodontal and cardiometabolic information from 787 healthy individuals, to identify early microbial markers of periodontitis and its association with markers of cardiometabolic health. Using state-of-the-art compositional data analysis tools, we identified the log-ratio of Treponema to Corynebacterium bacteria to be a novel Microbial Indicator of Periodontitis (MIP), and found that this MIP correlates with poor periodontal health and cardiometabolic markers early in disease pathogenesis in both subgingival plaque and saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Marotz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Molinsky
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cameron Martino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bruno Bohn
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sumith Roy
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Rosenbaum
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Moïse Desvarieux
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Gomes BPFA, Berber VB, Marinho ACS, Louzada LM, Arruda-Vasconcelos R, Passini MRZ, Lopes EM, Pecorari VGA, Chen T, Paster BJ. Chemomechanical preparation influences the microbial community and the levels of LPS, LTA and cytokines in combined endodontic-periodontal lesions: A clinical study. J Periodontal Res 2021; 57:341-356. [PMID: 34910826 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to compare the microbiomes, the levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]), before and after chemomechanical preparation (CMP) of the root canals (RC) and their associated periodontal pockets (PP) in teeth with combined EPL. MATERIALS Samples were taken from 10 RC and PP, before and after CMP. The microbiomes (next-generation sequencing, V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene), microbiome diversity (bioinformatics analyses), LPS (limulus amebocyte lysate), LTA, IL-1β, and TNF-α (ELISA) were evaluated. A statistical analysis was performed with significance level set at 5%. RESULTS The most abundant phyla in both sites were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Comparative studies of bacterial genera species revealed that some increased and others decreased after CMP at both sites. A 3% reduction in Gram-negative bacteria (RC) and a 4% increase in Gram-positive bacteria (PP) were detected. LPS levels were 4.4 times higher in PP than in the RC. LTA was detected in all samples investigated. Higher levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were detected in both sites at baseline. After CMP, LPS, LTA, IL-1β and TNF-α were reduced in both sites. CONCLUSION The microbial community in the RC and PP in teeth with combined EPL indicated a similarity between both sites. CMP effectively reduced the microbial load and the LPS levels from teeth with EPL, and consequently diminished the cytokine levels. The reduction in LTA levels in the RC and PP proved challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda P F A Gomes
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Vanessa B Berber
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ariane C S Marinho
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Lidiane M Louzada
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Arruda-Vasconcelos
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Maicon R Z Passini
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Erica M Lopes
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Vanessa G A Pecorari
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil.,BioStatistics, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Microbiology Department, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Lopes EM, Passini MRZ, Kishi LT, Chen T, Paster BJ, Gomes BPFA. Interrelationship between the Microbial Communities of the Root Canals and Periodontal Pockets in Combined Endodontic-Periodontal Diseases. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091925. [PMID: 34576820 PMCID: PMC8465609 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal and Endodontic diseases are biofilm-related diseases. The presence of microorganisms in root canals (RCs) and the complex microbiota of periodontal pockets (PPs) contribute to the development of endodontic-periodontal diseases. This study performed a systemic analysis using state-of-the-art sequence data to assess the microbial composition of infected RCs and PPs to further assess the microbiota and verify the possibility of cross-infection between these sites. The microbiomes of these combined diseases were examined with a focus on the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The number of species in PP was higher than in RC, and there was a predominance of obligate anaerobes and gram-negative bacteria. In the RCs, the genera Enterococcus, Parvimonas, Stomatobaculum predominated, in contrast, the PPs revealed a predominance of Enterococcus, Parvimonas, Stomatobaculum, Peptostreptococcus and Mogibacterium. The RC and PP microbiome was not similar with regards to the sharing of OTUs for phyla and genera (8 and 67, respectively). The evaluation of molecular markers revealed a large number of markers for resistance to antibiotics of the carbapenem and beta-lactam type (broad spectrum). Another relevant finding of this study was the markers related to systemic diseases related to cardiac muscle and rheumatology, among others. In conclusion, the RC microbiota was less complex and diverse than PP. Interactions between microbial communities were present. The shared genus can signal communication between the endodontic and periodontal microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M. Lopes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13400-001, SP, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (E.M.L.); (B.P.F.A.G.)
| | - Maicon R. Z. Passini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13400-001, SP, Brazil;
| | - Luciano T. Kishi
- National Laboratory of Scientific Computing, Petrópolis 25715-183, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- Microbiology Department, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
| | - Brenda P. F. A. Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13400-001, SP, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (E.M.L.); (B.P.F.A.G.)
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19
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Pirih FQ, Monajemzadeh S, Singh N, Sinacola RS, Shin JM, Chen T, Fenno JC, Kamarajan P, Rickard AH, Travan S, Paster BJ, Kapila Y. Association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: The role of lipids, inflammatory cytokines, altered host response, and the microbiome. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:50-75. [PMID: 34463996 PMCID: PMC8457155 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis has been associated with many systemic diseases and conditions, including metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur concomitantly and together they increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and double the risk of type 2 diabetes. In this review, we focus on the association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis; however, we also include information on diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, since these two conditions are significantly intertwined with metabolic syndrome. With regard to periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, to date, the vast majority of studies point to an association between these two conditions and also demonstrate that periodontitis can contribute to the development of, or can worsen, metabolic syndrome. Evaluating the effect of metabolic syndrome on the salivary microbiome, data presented herein support the hypothesis that the salivary bacterial profile is altered in metabolic syndrome patients compared with healthy patients. Considering periodontitis and these three conditions, the vast majority of human and animal studies point to an association between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, there is evidence to suggest that metabolic syndrome and diabetes can alter the oral microbiome. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the influence these conditions have on each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Q Pirih
- Section of Periodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Neelima Singh
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Jae Min Shin
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tsute Chen
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J Christopher Fenno
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alexander H Rickard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Suncica Travan
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bruce J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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20
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da Costa Rosa T, de Almeida Neves A, Azcarate-Peril MA, Divaris K, Wu D, Cho H, Moss K, Paster BJ, Chen T, B. Freitas-Fernandes L, Fidalgo TKS, Tadeu Lopes R, Valente AP, R. Arnold R, de Aguiar Ribeiro A. The bacterial microbiome and metabolome in caries progression and arrest. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1886748. [PMID: 34188775 PMCID: PMC8211139 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1886748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This in vivo experimental study investigated bacterial microbiome and metabolome longitudinal changes associated with enamel caries lesion progression and arrest. Methods: We induced natural caries activity in three caries-free volunteers prior to four premolar extractions for orthodontic reasons. The experimental model included placement of a modified orthodontic band on smooth surfaces and a mesh on occlusal surfaces. We applied the caries-inducing protocol for 4- and 6-weeks, and subsequently promoted caries lesion arrest via a 2-week toothbrushing period. Lesions were verified clinically and quantitated via micro-CT enamel density measurements. The biofilm microbial composition was determined via 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing and NMR spectrometry was used for metabolomics. Results: Biofilm maturation and caries lesion progression were characterized by an increase in Gram-negative anaerobes, including Veillonella and Prevotella. Streptococcus was associated caries lesion progression, while a more equal distribution of Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium, Atopobium, Prevotella, Veillonella, and Saccharibacteria (TM7) characterized arrest. Lactate, acetate, pyruvate, alanine, valine, and sugars were more abundant in mature biofilms compared to newly formed biofilms. Conclusions: These longitudinal bacterial microbiome and metabolome results provide novel mechanistic insights into the role of the biofilm in caries progression and arrest and offer promising candidate biomarkers for validation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline de Almeida Neves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Brazil
- Centre for Oral Clinical and Translational Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Microbiome Core Facility, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Hunyong Cho
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kevin Moss
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, USA
| | - Liana B. Freitas-Fernandes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Brazil
- National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana K. S. Fidalgo
- National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Valente
- National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roland R. Arnold
- Division of Diagnostic Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Apoena de Aguiar Ribeiro
- Division of Diagnostic Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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21
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Lee KH, Coull BA, Moscicki AB, Paster BJ, Starr JR. Bayesian variable selection for multivariate zero-inflated models: Application to microbiome count data. Biostatistics 2021; 21:499-517. [PMID: 30590511 DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxy067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms play critical roles in human health and disease. They live in diverse communities in which they interact synergistically or antagonistically. Thus for estimating microbial associations with clinical covariates, such as treatment effects, joint (multivariate) statistical models are preferred. Multivariate models allow one to estimate and exploit complex interdependencies among multiple taxa, yielding more powerful tests of exposure or treatment effects than application of taxon-specific univariate analyses. Analysis of microbial count data also requires special attention because data commonly exhibit zero inflation, i.e., more zeros than expected from a standard count distribution. To meet these needs, we developed a Bayesian variable selection model for multivariate count data with excess zeros that incorporates information on the covariance structure of the outcomes (counts for multiple taxa), while estimating associations with the mean levels of these outcomes. Though there has been much work on zero-inflated models for longitudinal data, little attention has been given to high-dimensional multivariate zero-inflated data modeled via a general correlation structure. Through simulation, we compared performance of the proposed method to that of existing univariate approaches, for both the binary ("excess zero") and count parts of the model. When outcomes were correlated the proposed variable selection method maintained type I error while boosting the ability to identify true associations in the binary component of the model. For the count part of the model, in some scenarios the univariate method had higher power than the multivariate approach. This higher power was at a cost of a highly inflated false discovery rate not observed with the proposed multivariate method. We applied the approach to oral microbiome data from the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Oral Health Study and identified five (of 44) species associated with HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Ha Lee
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA and Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna-Barbara Moscicki
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 10833, USA
| | - Bruce J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Starr
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA and Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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Chung M, Zhao N, Meier R, Koestler DC, Wu G, del Castillo E, Paster BJ, Charpentier K, Izard J, Kelsey KT, Michaud DS. Comparisons of oral, intestinal, and pancreatic bacterial microbiomes in patients with pancreatic cancer and other gastrointestinal diseases. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1887680. [PMID: 33628398 PMCID: PMC7889162 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1887680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral microbiota is believed to play important roles in systemic diseases, including cancer. Methods: We collected oral samples (tongue, buccal, supragingival, and saliva) and pancreatic tissue or intestinal samples from 52 subjects, and characterized 16S rRNA genes using high-throughput DNA sequencing. Results: Bray-Curtis plot showed clear separations between bacterial communities in the oral cavity and those in intestinal and pancreatic tissue samples. PERMANOVA tests indicated that bacterial communities from buccal samples were similar to supragingival and saliva samples, and pancreatic duct samples were similar to pancreatic tumor samples, but all other samples were significantly different from each other. A total of 73 unique Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) were shared between oral and pancreatic or intestinal samples. Only four ASVs showed significant concordance, and two specific bacterial species (Gemella morbillorum and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii) showed consistent presence or absence patterns between oral and intestinal or pancreatic samples, after adjusting for within-subject correlation and disease status. Lastly, microbial co-abundance analyses showed distinct strain-level cluster patterns among microbiome members in buccal, saliva, duodenum, jejunum, and pancreatic tumor samples. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that oral, intestinal, and pancreatic bacterial microbiomes overlap but exhibit distinct co-abundance patterns in patients with pancreatic cancer and other gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naisi Zhao
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Meier
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Devin C. Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Nutrition, Microbiome and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Bruce J. Paster
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jacques Izard
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Karl T. Kelsey
- Center for Environmental Health and Technology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Dominique S. Michaud
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Bronzato JD, Bomfim RA, Hayasida GZP, Cúri M, Estrela C, Paster BJ, Gomes BPFA. Analysis of microorganisms in periapical lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 124:105055. [PMID: 33588190 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on prevalence of microorganisms and their viability/activity in endodontic periapical lesions. DESIGN Literature research was performed on five electronic biomedical databases from their start dates to June 2020. Only studies evaluating the presence of microorganisms in periapical lesions in human permanent teeth with secondary/persistent infection were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility for inclusion, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias. Meta-analysis and binominal tests were used to analyse the resulting data. RESULTS From the 1,313 records found, 23 full-texts were included for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The prevalence of microorganisms in endodontic periapical lesions was 87 % (95 % CI, 75-94) and the prevalence of viable/active microorganisms was 82 % (95 % CI, 66-91). There were statistical differences in the geographic area subgroup and between viable bacteria and active viruses. The most common detection method of microorganisms was the molecular one (69 %), and the most prevalent bacteria were the species Actinomyces, Fusobacterium and Prevotella (40 %). Most of the included studies had moderate risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of microorganisms in endodontic periapical lesions was 87 % and the prevalence of viable/active microorganisms was 82 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana D Bronzato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Bomfim
- Department of Community Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Z P Hayasida
- Department of Applied Math and Statistics, Institute of Math and Computing Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cúri
- Department of Applied Math and Statistics, Institute of Math and Computing Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Estrela
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Brenda P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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24
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Schulte F, King OD, Paster BJ, Moscicki AB, Yao TJ, Van Dyke RB, Shiboski C, Ryder M, Seage G, Hardt M. Salivary metabolite levels in perinatally HIV-infected youth with periodontal disease. Metabolomics 2020; 16:98. [PMID: 32915320 PMCID: PMC7784422 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salivary metabolite profiles are altered in adults with HIV compared to their uninfected counterparts. Less is known about youth with HIV and how oral disorders that commonly accompany HIV infection impact salivary metabolite levels. OBJECTIVE As part of the Adolescent Master Protocol multi-site cohort study of the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS) network we compared the salivary metabolome of youth with perinatally-acquired HIV (PHIV) and youth HIV-exposed, but uninfected (PHEU) and determined whether metabolites differ in PHIV versus PHEU. METHODS We used three complementary targeted and discovery-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) workflows to characterize salivary metabolite levels in 20 PHIV and 20 PHEU youth with and without moderate periodontitis. We examined main effects associated with PHIV and periodontal disease, and the interaction between them. RESULTS We did not identify differences in salivary metabolite profiles that remained significant under stringent control for both multiple between-group comparisons and multiple metabolites. Levels of cadaverine, a known periodontitis-associated metabolite, were more abundant in individuals with periodontal disease with the difference being more pronounced in PHEU than PHIV. In the discovery-based dataset, we identified a total of 564 endogenous peptides in the metabolite extracts, showing that proteolytic processing and amino acid metabolism are important to consider in the context of HIV infection. CONCLUSION The salivary metabolite profiles of PHIV and PHEU youth were overall very similar. Individuals with periodontitis particularly among the PHEU youth had higher levels of cadaverine, suggesting that HIV infection, or its treatment, may influence the metabolism of oral bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schulte
- Forsyth Center for Salivary Diagnostics, Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oliver D King
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Forsyth Center for Salivary Diagnostics, Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna-Barbara Moscicki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tzy-Jyun Yao
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Caroline Shiboski
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark Ryder
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - George Seage
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Hardt
- Forsyth Center for Salivary Diagnostics, Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Chung M, Zhao N, Meier R, Koestler DC, Castillo ED, Wu G, Paster BJ, Charpentier K, Izard J, Kelsey KT, Michaud DS. Abstract B07: Oral, intestinal, and pancreatic microbiomes are correlated and exhibit co-abundance in patients with pancreatic cancer and other gastrointestinal diseases. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.mvc2020-b07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Growing research has examined the association of oral microbiome with pancreatic cancer risk, but results have been inconsistent. Our previous study showed that bacterial taxa known to inhabit the oral cavity were common in the pancreas microbiome, and that bacterial DNA profiles in the pancreas were similar to those in the duodenum tissue of the same subjects regardless of disease state. These data suggest that bacteria may be migrating from oral into the gut and pancreas. We collected oral swabs and at least one pancreatic tissue or intestinal samples from subjects who underwent surgery for pancreatic diseases or diseases and characterized 16S ribosomal RNA genes using high-throughput DNA sequencing. We then quantified bacterial communities (Amplicon Sequence Variant level) at different body sites, investigated their co-abundance patterns, and analyzed the correlations between microbiome at oral sites and that in pancreatic tissue and intestinal samples using concordance statistics and Pairwise Stratified Association (PASTA) testing. The present analysis included 52 subjects (46% with pancreatic cancer; aged from 31 to 86 years old) contributing a total 324 samples. We identified a total of 73 unique Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) that were shared between oral and pancreatic or intestinal samples. Accounting for pairing and within-subject correlation, 7 ASVs showed significant concordance (Kappa statistics) and 5 ASVs exhibited significant or marginally significant PASTA between oral samples and pancreatic tissue or intestinal samples. Of these, our PASTA analyses identified two specific bacterial species (Gemella morbillorum and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii) that showed consistent presence or absence patterns between oral and intestinal or pancreatic samples. Lastly, our microbial co-abundance analyses showed several distinct ASVs clusters and complex correlation-networks between ASV clusters in buccal, saliva, duodenum, jejunum, and pancreatic tumor samples. Oral, intestinal, and pancreatic microbiomes are correlated. Bacteria of oral origin exhibit co-abundance relationships and demonstrate complex correlation patterns in the intestinal and pancreatic tumor samples. Growing evidence has shown that bacterial species may survive, decline, and adapt as interdependent functional groups. Future studies should aim to uncover the co-abundance of specific microbial communities for studying etiology of microbiota-driven carcinogenesis in prospective and longitudinal studies.
Citation Format: Mei Chung, Naisi Zhao, Richard Meier, Devein C. Koestler, Erika Del Castillo, Guojun Wu, Bruce J. Paster, Kevin Charpentier, Jacques Izard, Karl T. Kelsey, Dominique S. Michaud. Oral, intestinal, and pancreatic microbiomes are correlated and exhibit co-abundance in patients with pancreatic cancer and other gastrointestinal diseases [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; 2020 Feb 21-24; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(8 Suppl):Abstract nr B07.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chung
- 1Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA,
| | - Naisi Zhao
- 1Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA,
| | - Richard Meier
- 2Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS,
| | - Devein C. Koestler
- 2Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS,
| | | | - Guojun Wu
- 4Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Nutrition, Microbiome and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ,
| | | | | | - Jacques Izard
- 6Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE,
| | - Karl T. Kelsey
- 7Center for Environmental Health and Technology, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Dominique S. Michaud
- 1Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA,
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Goh CE, Trinh P, Colombo PC, Genkinger JM, Mathema B, Uhlemann AC, LeDuc C, Leibel R, Rosenbaum M, Paster BJ, Desvarieux M, Papapanou PN, Jacobs DR, Demmer RT. Association Between Nitrate-Reducing Oral Bacteria and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: Results From ORIGINS. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013324. [PMID: 31766976 PMCID: PMC6912959 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The enterosalivary nitrate‐nitrite‐nitric oxide pathway is an alternative pathway of nitric oxide generation, potentially linking the oral microbiome to insulin resistance and blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized that increased abundance of nitrate‐reducing oral bacteria would be associated with lower levels of cardiometabolic risk cross‐sectionally. Methods and Results ORIGINS (Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance, and Insulin Resistance Study) enrolled 300 diabetes mellitus–free adults aged 20 to 55 years (mean=34±10 years) (78% women). Microbial DNA was extracted from subgingival dental plaque (n=281) and V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced to measure the relative abundances of 20 a priori–selected taxa with nitrate‐reducing capacity. Standardized scores of each taxon's relative abundance were summed, producing a nitrate‐reducing taxa summary score (NO3TSS) for each participant. Natural log‐transformed homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, plasma glucose, systolic BP, and diastolic BP were regressed on NO3TSS in multivariable linear regressions; prediabetes mellitus and hypertension prevalence were regressed on NO3TSS using modified Poisson regression models. Nitrate‐reducing bacterial species represented 20±16% of all measured taxa. After multivariable adjustment, a 1‐SD increase in NO3TSS, was associated with a −0.09 (95% CI, −0.15 to −0.03) and −1.03 mg/dL (95% CI, −1.903 to −0.16) lower natural log‐transformed homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and plasma glucose, respectively. NO3TSS was associated with systolic BP only among patients without hypertension; 1‐SD increase in NO3TSS was associated with −1.53 (95% CI, −2.82 to −0.24) mm Hg lower mean systolic BP. No associations were observed with prediabetes mellitus and hypertension. Conclusions A higher relative abundance of oral nitrate‐reducing bacteria was associated with lower insulin resistance and plasma glucose in the full cohort and with mean systolic BP in participants with normotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene E Goh
- Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Pauline Trinh
- Department of Epidemiology Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health New York NY
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Columbia University New York NY
| | - Jeanine M Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health New York NY.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY
| | - Barun Mathema
- Department of Epidemiology Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health New York NY
| | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiome and Pathogen Genomics Core Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY
| | - Charles LeDuc
- Division of Molecular Genetics Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine Columbia University New York NY
| | - Rudolph Leibel
- Division of Molecular Genetics Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine Columbia University New York NY
| | - Michael Rosenbaum
- Division of Molecular Genetics Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine Columbia University New York NY
| | - Bruce J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute Cambridge MA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity Harvard School of Dental Medicine Boston MA
| | - Moise Desvarieux
- Department of Epidemiology Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health New York NY.,INSERM UMR 1153 Centre de Recherche Epidemiologie et Statistique Paris Sorbonne Cité (CRESS) METHODS Core Paris France
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences College of Dental Medicine Columbia University New York NY
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
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27
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Bassir SH, Chase I, Paster BJ, Gordon LB, Kleinman ME, Kieran MW, Kim DM, Sonis A. Microbiome at sites of gingival recession in children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. J Periodontol 2019. [PMID: 29520806 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare premature aging disorder with significant oral and dental abnormalities. Clinical symptoms include various features of accelerated aging such as alopecia, loss of subcutaneous fat, bone abnormalities, and premature cardiovascular disease. In addition, children with HGPS have been observed to suffer from generalized gingival recession. Whether periodontal manifestations associated with this syndrome are the results of changes in the oral flora is unknown. The present study aimed to identify the microbial composition of subgingival sites with gingival recession in children with HGPS. METHODS Nine children with HGPS were enrolled in this study. Plaque samples were collected from teeth with gingival recession. DNA samples were analyzed using the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM). Microbial profiles from HGPS children were compared with microbial profiles of controls from healthy individuals (n = 9) and patients with periodontal disease (n = 9). RESULTS Comparison of microbial compositions of HGPS samples with periodontal health samples demonstrated significant differences for two bacterial taxa; Porphyromonas catoniae and Prevotella oulora were present in children with HGPS, but not normal controls. There were statistically significant differences of 20 bacterial taxa between HGPS and periodontal disease groups. CONCLUSIONS Typical periodontal pathogens were not present at sites with gingival recession in HGPS children. The microbial compositions of sites of gingival recession and attachment loss in HGPS were generally more similar to those of periodontal health than periodontal disease. Species other than typical periodontal pathogens may be involved in this recession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Bassir
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabelle Chase
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Leslie B Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children's Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.,Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Monica E Kleinman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mark W Kieran
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David M Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Sonis
- Department of Developmental Biology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA
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28
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Robledo‐Sierra J, Ben‐Amy DP, Varoni E, Bavarian R, Simonsen JL, Paster BJ, Wade WG, Kerr AR, Peterson DE, Frandsen Lau E. World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Targeting the oral microbiome Part 2: Current knowledge on malignant and potentially malignant oral disorders. Oral Dis 2019; 25 Suppl 1:28-48. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dalit Porat Ben‐Amy
- Oral Medicine Unit Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery The Baruch Padeh Medical Center Poriya Israel
| | - Elena Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Roxanne Bavarian
- Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Janne L. Simonsen
- Aarhus University Library – Health Sciences Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | | | - William G. Wade
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome Interactions Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences King's College London London UK
| | - Alexander R. Kerr
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine New York University College of Medicine New York City New York
| | - Douglas E. Peterson
- Oral Medicine Section School of Dental Medicine UConn Health University of Connecticut Mansfield Connecticut
| | - Ellen Frandsen Lau
- Section for Periodontology Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
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29
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Palmer RJ, Cotton SL, Kokaras AS, Gardner P, Grisius M, Pelayo E, Warner B, Paster BJ, Alevizos I. Analysis of oral bacterial communities: comparison of HOMI NGS with a tree-based approach implemented in QIIME. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1586413. [PMID: 30988892 PMCID: PMC6450576 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1586413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Molecular taxonomic assignments in oral microbial communities have been made using probe-matching approaches, but never compared to those obtained by more readily accepted tree-based approaches. Objective: To compare community composition profiles obtained from a probe-matching approach (HOMINGS) to those from a closed-ended tree-based approach (QIIME using the eHOMD database). Design: HOMINGS and QIIME were used for parallel analysis of ten mock community samples, and of 119 supragingival plaque samples from ecologically unique sites (sound tooth surfaces in healthy subjects, sound tooth surfaces in patients with primary Sjögren’s Syndrome, and carious lesions in Sjögren’s Syndrome patients). Linear discriminant analysis Effective Size (LEfSe) was used to identify discriminating taxa among the natural plaque samples. Results: Community composition profiles of all samples were congruent between the two analysis aproaches. Alpha and beta diversity of the natural plaque communities were likewise similar. Communities from pSS patients and those from individuals with normal salivary flow differed in alpha and beta diversity. Both classification approaches yielded differences in composition predicted for samples from these subject cohorts, and discriminating taxa were similar between approaches. Conclusions: A direct comparison demonstrates that HOMINGS is largely equivalent to the tree-based approach as implemented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Palmer
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sean L Cotton
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexis S Kokaras
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pamela Gardner
- Sjögren's Syndrome Clinic, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margaret Grisius
- Sjögren's Syndrome Clinic, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eileen Pelayo
- Sjögren's Syndrome Clinic, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blake Warner
- Sjögren's Syndrome Clinic, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,AAV Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ilias Alevizos
- Sjögren's Syndrome Clinic, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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30
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Ames NJ, Barb JJ, Ranucci A, Kim H, Mudra SE, Cashion AK, Townsley DM, Childs R, Paster BJ, Faller LL, Wallen GR. The oral microbiome of patients undergoing treatment for severe aplastic anemia: a pilot study. Ann Hematol 2019; 98:1351-1365. [PMID: 30919073 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-019-03599-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome, an intriguing component of the human body, composed of trillions of microorganisms, has prompted scientific exploration to identify and understand its function and role in health and disease. As associations between microbiome composition, disease, and symptoms accumulate, the future of medicine hinges upon a comprehensive knowledge of these microorganisms for patient care. The oral microbiome may provide valuable and efficient insight for predicting future changes in disease status, infection, or treatment course. The main aim of this pilot study was to characterize the oral microbiome in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) during their therapeutic course. SAA is a hematologic disease characterized by bone marrow failure which if untreated is fatal. Treatment includes either hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or immunosuppressive therapy (IST). In this study, we examined the oral microbiome composition of 24 patients admitted to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center for experimental SAA treatment. Tongue brushings were collected to assess the effects of treatment on the oral microbiome. Twenty patients received standard IST (equine antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine) plus eltrombopag. Four patients underwent HSCT. Oral specimens were obtained at three time points during treatment and clinical follow-up. Using a novel approach to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis encompassing seven hypervariable regions, results demonstrated a predictable decrease in microbial diversity over time among the transplant patients. Linear discriminant analysis or LefSe reported a total of 14 statistically significant taxa (p < 0.05) across time points in the HSCT patients. One-way plots of relative abundance for two bacterial species (Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Rothia mucilaginosa) in the HSCT group, show the differences in abundance between time points. Only one bacterial species (Prevotella histicola) was noted in the IST group with a p value of 0.065. The patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy did not exhibit a clear change in diversity over time; however, patient-specific changes were noted. In addition, we compared our findings to tongue dorsum samples from healthy participants in the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) database and found among HSCT patients, approximately 35% of bacterial identifiers (N = 229) were unique to this study population and were not present in tongue dorsum specimens obtained from the HMP. Among IST-treated patients, 45% (N = 351) were unique to these patients and not identified by the HMP. Although antibiotic use may have likely influenced bacterial composition and diversity, some literature suggests a decreased impact of antimicrobials on the oral microbiome as compared to their effect on the gut microbiome. Future studies with larger sample sizes that focus on the oral microbiome and the effects of antibiotics in an immunosuppressed patient population may help establish these potential associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Ames
- Clinical Center Nursing Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - J J Barb
- Mathematical and Statistical Computing Lab, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Ranucci
- Clinical Center Nursing Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - H Kim
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S E Mudra
- Clinical Center Nursing Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - A K Cashion
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D M Townsley
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Childs
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B J Paster
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L L Faller
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ginkgo Bioworks, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G R Wallen
- Clinical Center Nursing Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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31
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Mougeot JLC, Stevens CB, Almon KG, Paster BJ, Lalla RV, Brennan MT, Mougeot FB. Caries-associated oral microbiome in head and neck cancer radiation patients: a longitudinal study. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1586421. [PMID: 30891159 PMCID: PMC6419625 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1586421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) therapy often leads to caries development. Our goal was to characterize the oral microbiome of HNC patients who underwent radiation therapy (RT) at baseline (T0), and 6 (T6) and 18 (T18) months post-RT, and to determine if there was a relationship with increased caries. HOMINGS was used to determine the relative abundance (RA) of >600 bacterial species in oral samples of 31 HNC patients. The DMFS score was used to define patient groups with tooth decay increase (DMFS[+]) or no increase (DMFS[-]).A change in microbiome beta-diversity was observed at T6 and T18. The Streptococcus mutans RA increased at T6 in both DMFS[+] and DMFS[-] groups. The RA of Prevotella melaninogenica, the species often associated with caries in young children, decreased at T6 in the DMFS[-] group. The RA of the health-associated species, Abiotrophia defective, decreased in the DMFS[+] group. The oral microbiome underwent significant changes in radiation-treated HNC patients, whether they developed caries or not. Caries rates were not associated with a difference in salivary flow reduction between DMFS[+] andDMFS[-] groups. Patients who develop caries might be more susceptible to certain species associated with oral disease or have fewer potentially protective oral species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig B Stevens
- Carolinas Medical Center - Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn G Almon
- Carolinas Medical Center - Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
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32
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Del Castillo E, Meier R, Chung M, Koestler DC, Chen T, Paster BJ, Charpentier KP, Kelsey KT, Izard J, Michaud DS. The Microbiomes of Pancreatic and Duodenum Tissue Overlap and Are Highly Subject Specific but Differ between Pancreatic Cancer and Noncancer Subjects. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:370-383. [PMID: 30373903 PMCID: PMC6363867 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mice, bacteria from the mouth can translocate to the pancreas and impact pancreatic cancer progression. In humans, oral bacteria associated with periodontal disease have been linked to pancreatic cancer risk. It is not known if DNA bacterial profiles in the pancreas and duodenum are similar within individuals. METHODS Tissue samples were obtained from 50 subjects with pancreatic cancer or other conditions requiring foregut surgery at the Rhode Island Hospital (RIH), and from 34 organs obtained from the National Disease Research Interchange. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on 189 tissue samples (pancreatic duct, duodenum, pancreas), 57 swabs (bile duct, jejunum, stomach), and 12 stool samples. RESULTS Pancreatic tissue samples from both sources (RIH and National Disease Research Interchange) had diverse bacterial DNA, including taxa typically identified in the oral cavity. Bacterial DNA across different sites in the pancreas and duodenum were highly subject specific in both cancer and noncancer subjects. Presence of genus Lactobacillus was significantly higher in noncancer subjects compared with cancer subjects and the relative abundance of Fusobacterium spp., previously associated with colorectal cancer, was higher in cancer subjects compared with noncancer subjects. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial DNA profiles in the pancreas were similar to those in the duodenum tissue of the same subjects, regardless of disease state, suggesting that bacteria may be migrating from the gut into the pancreas. Whether bacteria play a causal role in human pancreatic cancer needs to be further examined. IMPACT Identifying bacterial taxa that differ in cancer patients can provide new leads on etiologically relevant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Del Castillo
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Meier
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Mei Chung
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Tsute Chen
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jacques Izard
- Food Science and Technology Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Dominique S Michaud
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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33
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Starr JR, Huang Y, Lee KH, Murphy CM, Moscicki AB, Shiboski CH, Ryder MI, Yao TJ, Faller LL, Van Dyke RB, Paster BJ. Oral microbiota in youth with perinatally acquired HIV infection. Microbiome 2018; 6:100. [PMID: 29855347 PMCID: PMC5984365 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbially mediated oral diseases can signal underlying HIV/AIDS progression in HIV-infected adults. The role of the oral microbiota in HIV-infected youth is not known. The Adolescent Master Protocol of the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study is a longitudinal study of perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and HIV-exposed, uninfected (PHEU) youth. We compared oral microbiome levels and associations with caries or periodontitis in 154 PHIV and 100 PHEU youth. RESULTS Species richness and alpha diversity differed little between PHIV and PHEU youth. Group differences in average counts met the significance threshold for six taxa; two Corynebacterium species were lower in PHIV and met thresholds for noteworthiness. Several known periodontitis-associated organisms (Prevotella nigrescens, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Filifactor alocis) exhibited expected associations with periodontitis in PHEU youth, associations not observed in PHIV youth. In both groups, odds of caries increased with counts of taxa in four genera, Streptococcus, Scardovia, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus. CONCLUSIONS The microbiomes of PHIV and PHEU youth were similar, although PHIV youth seemed to have fewer "health"-associated taxa such as Corynebacterium species. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that HIV infection, or its treatment, may contribute to oral dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Starr
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyu Ha Lee
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C M Murphy
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Anna-Barbara Moscicki
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline H Shiboski
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark I Ryder
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tzy-Jyun Yao
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Bruce J Paster
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Belstrøm D, Grande MA, Sembler-Møller ML, Kirkby N, Cotton SL, Paster BJ, Holmstrup P. Influence of periodontal treatment on subgingival and salivary microbiotas. J Periodontol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology; Microbiology and Community Dentistry; Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Maria Anastasia Grande
- Section for Periodontology; Microbiology and Community Dentistry; Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Maria Lynn Sembler-Møller
- Section for Oral Medicine; Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Nikolai Kirkby
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Bruce J. Paster
- The Forsyth Institute; Cambridge MA United States
- Department of Oral Medicine; Infection & Immunity; Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Boston MA United States
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology; Microbiology and Community Dentistry; Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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35
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Colombo APV, Paster BJ, Grimaldi G, Lourenço TGB, Teva A, Campos-Neto A, McCluskey J, Kleanthous H, Van Dyke TE, Stashenko P. Clinical and microbiological parameters of naturally occurring periodontitis in the non-human primate Macaca mulatta. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1403843. [PMID: 29805776 PMCID: PMC5963701 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1403843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-human primates appear to represent the most faithful model of human disease, but to date the oral microbiome in macaques has not been fully characterized using next-generation sequencing. Objective: In the present study, we characterized the clinical and microbiological features of naturally occurring periodontitis in non-human primates (Macaca mulatta). Design: Clinical parameters of periodontitis including probing pocket depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured in 40 adult macaques (7–22 yrs), at six sites per tooth. Subgingival plaque was collected from diseased and healthy sites, and subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing and identification at the species or higher taxon level. Results: All macaques had mild periodontitis at minimum, with numerous sites of PD ≥ 4 mm and BOP. A subset (14/40) had moderate-severe disease, with >2 sites with PD ≥ 5mm, deeper mean PD, and more BOP. Animals with mild vs moderate-severe disease were identical in age, suggesting genetic heterogeneity. 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that all macaques had species that were identical to those in humans or closely related to human counterparts, including Porphyromonas gingivalis which was present in all animals. Diseased and healthy sites harboured distinct microbiomes; however there were no significant differences in the microbiomes in moderate-severe vs. mild periodontitis. Conclusions: Naturally occurring periodontitis in older macaques closely resembles human adult periodontitis, thus validating a useful model to evaluate novel anti-microbial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P V Colombo
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B J Paster
- Departments of Microbiology and Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Grimaldi
- Department of Immunology, Fiocruz Primate Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T G B Lourenço
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Teva
- Department of Immunology, Fiocruz Primate Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Campos-Neto
- Departments of Microbiology and Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - T E Van Dyke
- Departments of Microbiology and Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P Stashenko
- Departments of Microbiology and Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Belstrøm D, Sembler-Møller ML, Grande MA, Kirkby N, Cotton SL, Paster BJ, Holmstrup P. Microbial profile comparisons of saliva, pooled and site-specific subgingival samples in periodontitis patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182992. [PMID: 28800622 PMCID: PMC5553731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare microbial profiles of saliva, pooled and site-specific subgingival samples in patients with periodontitis. We tested the hypotheses that saliva can be an alternative to pooled subgingival samples, when screening for presence of periopathogens. Design Site specific subgingival plaque samples (n = 54), pooled subgingival plaque samples (n = 18) and stimulated saliva samples (n = 18) were collected from 18 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. Subgingival and salivary microbiotas were characterized by means of HOMINGS (Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing) and microbial community profiles were compared using Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results Pronounced intraindividual differences were recorded in site-specific microbial profiles, and site-specific information was in general not reflected by pooled subgingival samples. Presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Filifactor alocis, Tannerella forsythia and Parvimona micra in site-specific subgingival samples were detected in saliva with an AUC of 0.79 (sensitivity: 0.61, specificity: 0.94), compared to an AUC of 0.76 (sensitivity: 0.56, specificity: 0.94) in pooled subgingival samples. Conclusions Site-specific presence of periodontal pathogens was detected with comparable accuracy in stimulated saliva samples and pooled subgingival plaque samples. Consequently, saliva may be a reasonable surrogate for pooled subgingival samples when screening for presence of periopathogens. Future large-scale studies are needed to confirm findings from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Lynn Sembler-Møller
- Section for Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Anastasia Grande
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Kirkby
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bruce J. Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Belstrøm D, Sembler-Møller ML, Grande MA, Kirkby N, Cotton SL, Paster BJ, Twetman S, Holmstrup P. Impact of Oral Hygiene Discontinuation on Supragingival and Salivary Microbiomes. JDR Clin Trans Res 2017; 3:57-64. [PMID: 29662960 PMCID: PMC5896869 DOI: 10.1177/2380084417723625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to characterize and compare supragingival and salivary microbiotas during a 10-d period of oral hygiene discontinuation. We tested the hypothesis that the composition of the salivary microbiota will reflect local microbial changes associated with accumulated biofilm formation and maturation. Pooled supragingival plaque (n = 145) and stimulated saliva (n = 145) samples were collected and plaque and gingival indices were recorded from 29 orally healthy individuals at baseline, during oral hygiene discontinuation (days 4, 7, and 10), and 14 d after resumption of oral hygiene. Supragingival and salivary microbiotas were processed by next-generation sequencing (Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing) and microbial community profiles were compared. Microbial composition of supragingival plaque samples collected after 4, 7, and 10 d of oral hygiene discontinuation, as well as 14 d after reuptake of oral hygiene, differed significantly from baseline samples, by a 3-fold increase in relative abundance Leptotrichia species and a 2-fold decrease in Streptococcus species (adjusted P < 0.01). In saliva samples, a significant increase in relative abundance of Leptotrichia species (adjusted P < 0.01) was evident at day 7 but completely reversed 14 d after resumption of oral hygiene. While the salivary microbiota was resistant to accumulated local biofilm formation, data from this study showed that compositional changes of supragingival microbiotas were not reversed 14 d after resumption of oral hygiene, despite the restoration of plaque to baseline levels. (ClinicalTrials.gov UCPH_OI_002, NCT02913235). Knowledge Transfer Statement: Data from this study showed compositional changes of supragingival microbiotas as a consequence of a 10-d period of oral hygiene discontinuation, that was not reversed 14 d after resumption of oral hygiene. Notably, oral hygiene discontinuation was associated with a significant increase in relative abundance of potential cariogenic Leptotrichia species and a decrease in Streptococcus species. Thus, findings from this study highlight the necessity of regular oral hygiene in the maintenance of oral homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M L Sembler-Møller
- Section for Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M A Grande
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Kirkby
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S L Cotton
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - B J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Twetman
- Section for Cariology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Grauballe MB, Belstrøm D, Østergaard JA, Paster BJ, Schou S, Flyvbjerg A, Holmstrup P. Ligature-associated bacterial profiles are linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus in a rat model and influenced by antibody treatment against TNF-α or RAGE. Clin Exp Dent Res 2017; 3:25-31. [PMID: 28344834 PMCID: PMC5347912 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). T2D may lead to ecological perturbations in the oral environment, which may facilitate an altered microbiota. However, previous studies have been inconclusive in determining the effect of T2D on oral bacterial profiles. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the influence of T2D on the ligature-associated bacterial profile in a diabetic rat model with PD and investigated the impact of blocking inflammatory pathways with antibodies targeting either Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) or the receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). A total of 62 Zucker obese rats (45 T2D) and 17 lean (non-T2D) were divided into 4 treatment groups; lean with PD, obese with PD, obese with PD and anti-TNF-α treatment, and obese with PD with anti-RAGE treatment. Periodontal disease was ligature induced. Ligature-associated bacterial profiles were analyzed using Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM). Ligature-associated bacterial profiles differed between lean and obese rats. Furthermore, treatment with antibodies against TNF-α or RAGE had an impact on subgingival bacterial profiles. T2D phenotypes are associated with different ligature-associated bacterial profiles and influenced by treatment with antibodies against TNF-α or RAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Grauballe
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - D Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
| | - J A Østergaard
- The Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University and Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus C Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy Odense Denmark
| | - B J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute Department of Microbiology Cambridge, MA USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity Harvard School of Dental Medicine Boston, MA USA
| | - S Schou
- Section for Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
| | - A Flyvbjerg
- The Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University and Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus C Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy Odense Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Denmark
| | - P Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark; Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
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Mougeot JLC, Stevens CB, Paster BJ, Brennan MT, Lockhart PB, Mougeot FKB. Porphyromonas gingivalis is the most abundant species detected in coronary and femoral arteries. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1281562. [PMID: 28326156 PMCID: PMC5328378 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1281562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between oral bacteria and atherosclerosis has been postulated. A limited number of studies have used 16S RNA gene sequencing-based metagenomics approaches to identify bacteria at the species level from atherosclerotic plaques in arterial walls. The objective of this study was to establish detailed oral microbiome profiles, at both genus and species level, of clinically healthy coronary and femoral artery tissues from patients with atherosclerosis. Tissue specimens were taken from clinically non-atherosclerotic areas of coronary or femoral arteries used for attachment of bypass grafts in 42 patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Bacterial DNA was sequenced using the MiSeq platform, and sequence reads were screened in silico for nearly 600 oral species using the HOMINGS ProbeSeq species identification program. The number of sequence reads matched to species or genera were used for statistical analyses. A total of 230 and 118 species were detected in coronary and femoral arteries, respectively. Unidentified species detected by genus-specific probes consisted of 45 and 30 genera in coronary and in femoral artery tissues, respectively. Overall, 245 species belonging to 95 genera were detected in coronary and femoral arteries combined. The most abundant species were Porphyromonas gingivalis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Finegoldia magna based on species probes. Porphyromonas, Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus genera represented 88.5% mean relative abundance based on combined species and genus probe detections. Porphyromonas was significantly more abundant than Escherichia (i.e. 46.8% vs. 19.3%; p = 0.0005). This study provides insight into the presence and types of oral microbiome bacterial species found in clinically non-atherosclerotic arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-L C Mougeot
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System , Charlotte , NC , USA
| | - C B Stevens
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System , Charlotte , NC , USA
| | - B J Paster
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M T Brennan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System , Charlotte , NC , USA
| | - P B Lockhart
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System , Charlotte , NC , USA
| | - F K B Mougeot
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System , Charlotte , NC , USA
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Shen Z, Batac F, Mannion A, Miller MA, Bakthavatchalu V, Ho C, Manning S, Paster BJ, Fox JG. Novel urease-negative Helicobacter sp. 'H. enhydrae sp. nov.' isolated from inflamed gastric tissue of southern sea otters. Dis Aquat Organ 2017; 123:1-11. [PMID: 28177288 DOI: 10.3354/dao03082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A total of 31 sea otters Enhydra lutris nereis found dead or moribund (and then euthanized) were necropsied in California, USA. Stomach biopsies were collected and transected with equal portions frozen or placed in formalin and analyzed histologically and screened for Helicobacter spp. in gastric tissue. Helicobacter spp. were isolated from 9 sea otters (29%); 58% (18 of 31) animals were positive for helicobacter by PCR. The Helicobacter sp. was catalase- and oxidase-positive and urease-negative. By electron microscopy, the Helicobacter sp. had lateral and polar sheathed flagella and had a slightly curved rod morphology. 16S and 23S rRNA sequence analyses of all 'H. enhydrae' isolates had similar sequences, which clustered as a novel Helicobacter sp. closely related to H. mustelae (96-97%). The genome sequence of isolate MIT 01-6242 was assembled into a single ~1.6 Mb long contig with a 40.8% G+C content. The annotated genome contained 1699 protein-coding sequences and 43 RNAs, including 65 genes homologous to known Helicobacter spp. and Campylobacter spp. virulence factors. Histological changes in the gastric tissues extended from mild cystic degeneration of gastric glands to severe mucosal erosions and ulcers. Silver stains of infected tissues demonstrated slightly curved bacterial rods at the periphery of the gastric ulcers and on the epithelial surface of glands. The underlying mucosa and submucosa were infiltrated by low numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes, with occasional lymphoid aggregates and well-defined lymphoid follicles. This is the second novel Helicobacter sp., which we have named 'H. enhydrae', isolated from inflamed stomachs of mustelids, the first being H. mustelae from a ferret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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41
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Belstrøm D, Holmstrup P, Fiehn NE, Kirkby N, Kokaras A, Paster BJ, Bardow A. Salivary microbiota in individuals with different levels of caries experience. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1270614. [PMID: 28326153 PMCID: PMC5328370 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2016.1270614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared salivary bacterial profiles in two groups having a 10-fold difference in levels of caries experience, as it was hypothesized that the composition of the salivary microbiota might associate with the levels of caries experience. Bacterial profiles in stimulated saliva samples from 85 individuals with low levels of caries experience (healthy group) and 79 individuals with high levels of caries experience (caries group) were analyzed by means of the Human Oral Microbiome Identification Next Generation Sequencing (HOMINGS) technique. Subsequently, saliva samples from caries-free individuals in the healthy group (n = 57) and the caries group (n = 31) were compared. A significantly higher α-diversity (p < 0.0001) and a twofold higher relative abundance of Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Fusobacterium were recorded in saliva samples from the healthy group compared with the caries group. Differences observed were more pronounced when limiting the analyses to caries-free individuals in each group. Data from this cross-sectional analysis suggest that low levels of caries experience might associate with a characteristic salivary bacterial composition different from that in individuals with high caries experience. Consequently, longitudinal studies are required to determine if the composition of the salivary microbiota might be a predictive factor of caries risk at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Nils-Erik Fiehn
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Nikolai Kirkby
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Alexis Kokaras
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allan Bardow
- Section for Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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42
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Shen Z, Feng Y, Muthupalani S, Sheh A, Cheaney LE, Kaufman CA, Gong G, Paster BJ, Fox JG. Novel Helicobacter species H.japonicum isolated from laboratory mice from Japan induces typhlocolitis and lower bowel carcinoma in C57BL/129 IL10-/- mice. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:1190-1198. [PMID: 27655833 PMCID: PMC5137264 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Helicobacter species Helicobacter japonicum was isolated from the stomach and intestines of clinically normal mice received from three institutes from Japan. The novel Helicobacter sp. was microaerobic, grew at 37°C and 42°C, was catalase and oxidase positive, but urease negative. It is most closely related to the 16S rRNA gene of H.muridarum (98.6%); to the 23S rRNA gene of H.hepaticus (97.9%); to the hsp60 gene of H.typhlonius (87%). The novel Helicobacter sp. has in vitro cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) activity; its cdtB gene sequence has 83.8% identity with that of H.hepaticus The whole genome sequence of H.japonicum MIT 01-6451 has a 2.06-Mb genome length with a 37.5% G + C content. When the organism was inoculated into C57BL/129 IL10-/- mice, it was cultured from the stomach, colon and cecum of infected mice at 6 and 10 weeks post-infection. The cecum had the highest H.japonicum colonization levels by quantitative PCR. The histopathology of the lower bowel was characterized by moderate to severe inflammation, mild edema, epithelial defects, mild to severe hyperplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma. Inflammatory cytokines IFNγ, TNFα and IL17a, as well as iNOS were significantly upregulated in the cecal tissue of infected mice. These results demonstrate that the novel H.japonicum can induce inflammatory bowel disease and carcinoma in IL10-/- mice and highlights the importance of identifying novel Helicobacter spp. especially when they are introduced from outside mouse colonies from different geographic locations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Feng
- Division of Comparative Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Guanyu Gong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and
| | | | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, .,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and
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ElSalhy M, Söderling E, Honkala E, Fontana M, Flannagan S, Kokaras A, Paster BJ, Varghese A, Honkala S. Salivary microbiota and caries occurrence in Mutans Streptococci-positive school children. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2016; 17:188-192. [PMID: 27759406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the composition of the salivary microbiota in caries-affected vs. caries-free mutans streptococci (MS)- positive children with mixed dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty eight healthy, 11-12-year-old schoolchildren with high MS counts (>10⊃5 CFU/mL) were included in this study. The children were screened with the Dentocult SM Strip Mutans test (Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland) and examined using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The microbial composition of the saliva was assessed using the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM). Microbial differences between caries-affected (n=18) and caries-free children (n=10) were compared by Mann-Whitney analysis. RESULTS The microbiota of the caries-affected vs. caries-free children was rather similar. Abiotrophia defectiva and Actinomyces meyeri/A. odontolyticus were significantly higher in caries-affected than in caries-free children (p=0.006, 0.046, respectively). Shuttleworthia satelles was significantly higher in caries-free compared to caries-affected children (p=0.031). A. defectiva and A. meyeri/A. odontolyticus correlated positively with caries severity measured by ICDAS Caries Index (p = 0.494, 0.454, 0.400 respectively) while S. satelles was negatively correlated with caries severity (p= -0.489). CONCLUSIONS Salivary A. defectiva and A. meyeri/A. odontolyticus and are associated with caries occurrence in MS-positive children with mixed dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M ElSalhy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait - Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - E Söderling
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - E Honkala
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - M Fontana
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences ∧ Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - S Flannagan
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences ∧ Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - A Kokaras
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, USA
| | - B J Paster
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection AND Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - A Varghese
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - S Honkala
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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Lee CT, Teles R, Kantarci A, Chen T, McCafferty J, Starr JR, Brito LCN, Paster BJ, Van Dyke TE. Resolvin E1 Reverses Experimental Periodontitis and Dysbiosis. J Immunol 2016; 197:2796-806. [PMID: 27543615 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a biofilm-induced inflammatory disease characterized by dysbiosis of the commensal periodontal microbiota. It is unclear how natural regulation of inflammation affects the periodontal biofilm. Promoters of active resolution of inflammation, including resolvin E1 (RvE1), effectively treat inflammatory periodontitis in animal models. The goals of this study were 1) to compare periodontal tissue gene expression in different clinical conditions, 2) to determine the impact of local inflammation on the composition of subgingival bacteria, and 3) to understand how inflammation impacts these changes. Two clinically relevant experiments were performed in rats: prevention and treatment of ligature-induced periodontitis with RvE1 topical treatment. The gingival transcriptome was evaluated by RNA sequencing of mRNA. The composition of the subgingival microbiota was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing. Periodontitis was assessed by bone morphometric measurements and histomorphometry of block sections. H&E and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining were used to characterize and quantify inflammatory changes. RvE1 treatment prevented bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis. Osteoclast density and inflammatory cell infiltration in the RvE1 groups were lower than those in the placebo group. RvE1 treatment reduced expression of inflammation-related genes, returning the expression profile to one more similar to health. Treatment of established periodontitis with RvE1 reversed bone loss, reversed inflammatory gene expression, and reduced osteoclast density. Assessment of the rat subgingival microbiota after RvE1 treatment revealed marked changes in both prevention and treatment experiments. The data suggest that modulation of local inflammation has a major role in shaping the composition of the subgingival microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Teh Lee
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142; and
| | - Ricardo Teles
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142; and
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142; and
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Jon McCafferty
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Jacqueline R Starr
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142; and
| | | | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142; and
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Krishnan K, Chen T, Paster BJ. A practical guide to the oral microbiome and its relation to health and disease. Oral Dis 2016; 23:276-286. [PMID: 27219464 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The oral microbiome is incredibly complex with the average adult harboring about 50-100 billion bacteria in the oral cavity, which represent about 200 predominant bacterial species. Collectively, there are approximately 700 predominant taxa of which less than one-third still have not yet been grown in vitro. Compared to other body sites, the oral microbiome is unique and readily accessible. There is extensive literature available describing the oral microbiome and discussing the roles that bacteria may play in oral health and disease. However, the purpose of this review is not to rehash these detailed studies but rather to educate the reader with understanding the essence of the oral microbiome, namely that there are abundant bacteria in numbers and types, that there are molecular methods to rapidly determine bacterial associations, that there is site specificity for colonization of the host, that there are specific associations with oral health and disease, that oral bacteria may serve as biomarkers for non-oral diseases, and that oral microbial profiles may have potential use to assess disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krishnan
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,New England BioLabs, Ipswich, MA, USA
| | - T Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - B J Paster
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Despite significant advances in recent years in culture-independent molecular microbiology methods, the detailed study of individual bacterial species still relies on having pure cultures in the laboratory. Yet, more than a third of the approximately 700 bacterial taxa found in the human oral cavity are as yet uncultivated in vitro. One such taxon, Tannerella sp. HOT-286 (phylotype BU063), is the focus of much interest since it is associated with periodontal health, while Tannerella forsythia, its closest phylogenetic neighbor, is strongly associated with periodontal disease. HOT-286, however, has remained uncultivated despite the efforts of several research groups, spanning over a decade. The aim of this study was to cultivate Tannerella sp. HOT-286. A heavily diluted sample of subgingival plaque was inoculated onto culture plates supplemented with siderophores (pyoverdines-Fe complex or desferricoprogen) or a neat plaque suspension. After 8 d of anaerobic incubation, microcolonies and colonies showing satellitism were passaged onto fresh culture plates cross-streaked with potential helper strains or onto cellulose-acetate membranes placed over lawn cultures of helper strains. Subcultured colonies were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and purity was confirmed by sequencing 20 clones per library prepared from a single colony. Three colonies of interest (derived from pyoverdines- and plaque-supplemented plates) were identified as Tannerella sp. HOT-286. The isolates were found to be incapable of independent growth, requiring helpers such as Propionibacterium acnes and Prevotella intermedia for stimulation, with best growth on membranes over "helper" lawns. A representative isolate was subjected to phenotypic characterization and found to produce a range of glycosidic and proteolytic enzymes. Further comparison of this novel "periodontal health-associated" taxon with T. forsythia will be valuable in investigating virulence factors of the latter and possible health benefits of the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Vartoukian
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - R V Moazzez
- King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - B J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F E Dewhirst
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W G Wade
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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47
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Mougeot JLC, Stevens CB, Cotton SL, Morton DS, Krishnan K, Brennan MT, Lockhart PB, Paster BJ, Bahrani Mougeot FK. Concordance of HOMIM and HOMINGS technologies in the microbiome analysis of clinical samples. J Oral Microbiol 2016; 8:30379. [PMID: 27065347 PMCID: PMC4827145 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v8.30379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 700 bacterial species reside in human oral cavity, many of which are associated with local or distant site infections. Extensive characterization of the oral microbiome depends on the technologies used to determine the presence and proportions of specific bacterial species in various oral sites. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the microbial composition of dental plaque at baseline using Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM) and Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing (HOMINGS) technologies, which are based on 16S rRNA. METHODS Dental plaque samples were collected from 96 patients at baseline prior to a dental procedure involving manipulation of gingival tissues. The samples were surveyed for 293 and 597 oral bacterial species via HOMIM and HOMINGS, respectively, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. We determined the concordance between the two technologies for common species. Genus level analysis was performed using HOMINGS-specific genus identification capabilities. RESULTS HOMINGS detected twice the number of species in the same dental plaque samples compared to HOMIM. For the species detected by both HOMIM and HOMINGS, there was no difference in relative proportions of overall bacterial composition at the species, genus or phylum levels. Additionally, there was no difference in relative proportion for total species per patient between the two technologies. CONCLUSION HOMINGS significantly expanded oral bacterial species identification compared to HOMIM. The genus and species probes, combined in HOMINGS, provided a more comprehensive representation of oral bacterial community, critical for future characterization of oral microbes in distant site infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc C Mougeot
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Health Care System, Charlotte, NC, USA;
| | - Craig B Stevens
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Health Care System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Darla S Morton
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Health Care System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Michael T Brennan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Health Care System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Peter B Lockhart
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Health Care System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Farah K Bahrani Mougeot
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Health Care System, Charlotte, NC, USA;
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48
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Vasconcelos RM, Sanfilippo N, Paster BJ, Kerr AR, Li Y, Ramalho L, Queiroz EL, Smith B, Sonis ST, Corby PM. Host-Microbiome Cross-talk in Oral Mucositis. J Dent Res 2016; 95:725-33. [PMID: 27053118 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516641890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral mucositis (OM) is among the most common, painful, and debilitating toxicities of cancer regimen-related treatment, resulting in the formation of ulcers, which are susceptible to increased colonization of microorganisms. Novel discoveries in OM have focused on understanding the host-microbial interactions, because current pathways have shown that major virulence factors from microorganisms have the potential to contribute to the development of OM and may even prolong the existence of already established ulcerations, affecting tissue healing. Additional comprehensive and disciplined clinical investigation is needed to carefully characterize the relationship between the clinical trajectory of OM, the local levels of inflammatory changes (both clinical and molecular), and the ebb and flow of the oral microbiota. Answering such questions will increase our knowledge of the mechanisms engaged by the oral immune system in response to mucositis, facilitating their translation into novel therapeutic approaches. In doing so, directed clinical strategies can be developed that specifically target those times and tissues that are most susceptible to intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Vasconcelos
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - N Sanfilippo
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA New York University Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - B J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A R Kerr
- College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Y Li
- College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Ramalho
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - E L Queiroz
- College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Smith
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA New York University Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S T Sonis
- Biomodels, LLC, Watertown, MA, USA Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P M Corby
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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49
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Gill J, Haydon TG, Rawdon TG, McFadden AMJ, Ha HJ, Shen Z, Feng Y, Pang J, Swennes AG, Paster BJ, Dewhirst FE, Fox JG, Spence RP. Helicobacter bilis and Helicobacter trogontum: infectious causes of abortion in sheep. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:225-34. [PMID: 27016722 DOI: 10.1177/1040638716638704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine the association of Helicobacter spp. that had flexispira morphology with ovine abortion, and to understand the importance of these organisms as a cause of ovine abortion in New Zealand. A retrospective diagnostic survey was carried out on laboratory submissions from ovine abortion outbreaks. A comparison was made of the proportion of laboratory submissions where Helicobacter spp. were detected from flocks that had no other agent identified (group A) with a group that had a known cause of abortion identified (group B). This latter group was considered to be a negative control, given the premise that Helicobacter spp. were not causing abortions and that Helicobacter spp. should be present at a lower rate in the group. Where no diagnosis had been made, aborted material was positive for Helicobacter spp. with flexispira morphology in 8 submissions (20%, 8/40) from 5 of the 31 survey farms (16%, 5/31). Helicobacter spp. were not detected in any of the 18 submissions from the 17 control farms (group B). Helicobacter spp. were confirmed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of 3 of the Helicobacter spp. isolated by culture from the livers of aborted sheep fetuses, and 7 of the 8 where samples were positive in a Helicobacter PCR assay. The Helicobacter spp. were identified as Helicobacter trogontum (Flexispira taxon 5 genotype) and Helicobacter bilis (Flexispira taxon 8 genotype). The findings support Helicobacter spp. being a probable causative agent of ovine abortions in New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gill
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Invermay, Dunedin, New Zealand (Gill)Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand (Haydon, Rawdon, McFadden, Ha, Spence)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Shen, Feng, Pang, Swennes, Fox)Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)
| | - Taryrn G Haydon
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Invermay, Dunedin, New Zealand (Gill)Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand (Haydon, Rawdon, McFadden, Ha, Spence)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Shen, Feng, Pang, Swennes, Fox)Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)
| | - Thomas G Rawdon
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Invermay, Dunedin, New Zealand (Gill)Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand (Haydon, Rawdon, McFadden, Ha, Spence)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Shen, Feng, Pang, Swennes, Fox)Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)
| | - Andrew M J McFadden
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Invermay, Dunedin, New Zealand (Gill)Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand (Haydon, Rawdon, McFadden, Ha, Spence)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Shen, Feng, Pang, Swennes, Fox)Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)
| | - Hye-Jeong Ha
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Invermay, Dunedin, New Zealand (Gill)Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand (Haydon, Rawdon, McFadden, Ha, Spence)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Shen, Feng, Pang, Swennes, Fox)Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)
| | - Zeli Shen
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Invermay, Dunedin, New Zealand (Gill)Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand (Haydon, Rawdon, McFadden, Ha, Spence)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Shen, Feng, Pang, Swennes, Fox)Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)
| | - Yan Feng
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Invermay, Dunedin, New Zealand (Gill)Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand (Haydon, Rawdon, McFadden, Ha, Spence)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Shen, Feng, Pang, Swennes, Fox)Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)
| | - Jassia Pang
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Invermay, Dunedin, New Zealand (Gill)Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand (Haydon, Rawdon, McFadden, Ha, Spence)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Shen, Feng, Pang, Swennes, Fox)Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)
| | - Alton G Swennes
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Invermay, Dunedin, New Zealand (Gill)Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand (Haydon, Rawdon, McFadden, Ha, Spence)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Shen, Feng, Pang, Swennes, Fox)Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Invermay, Dunedin, New Zealand (Gill)Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand (Haydon, Rawdon, McFadden, Ha, Spence)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Shen, Feng, Pang, Swennes, Fox)Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)
| | - Floyd E Dewhirst
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Invermay, Dunedin, New Zealand (Gill)Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand (Haydon, Rawdon, McFadden, Ha, Spence)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Shen, Feng, Pang, Swennes, Fox)Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)
| | - James G Fox
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Invermay, Dunedin, New Zealand (Gill)Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand (Haydon, Rawdon, McFadden, Ha, Spence)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Shen, Feng, Pang, Swennes, Fox)Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)
| | - Richard P Spence
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Invermay, Dunedin, New Zealand (Gill)Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand (Haydon, Rawdon, McFadden, Ha, Spence)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Shen, Feng, Pang, Swennes, Fox)Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA (Paster, Dewhirst)
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50
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Belstrøm D, Holmstrup P, Bardow A, Kokaras A, Fiehn NE, Paster BJ. Comparative analysis of bacterial profiles in unstimulated and stimulated saliva samples. J Oral Microbiol 2016; 8:30112. [PMID: 26987356 PMCID: PMC4796727 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v8.30112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The microbial profiles of stimulated saliva samples have been shown to differentiate between patients with periodontitis, patients with dental caries, and orally healthy individuals. Saliva was stimulated to allow for easy and rapid collection; however, microbial composition may not reflect the more natural, unstimulated state. The purpose of this study was to validate whether stimulated saliva is an adequate surrogate for unstimulated saliva in determining salivary microbiomes. Design Unstimulated (n=20) and stimulated (n=20) saliva samples were collected from 20 orally and systemically healthy, non-smoking participants. Salivary bacterial profiles were analyzed by means of the Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing (HOMINGS), and statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney test with Benjamini–Hochberg's correction for multiple comparison, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and correspondence analysis. Results From a total of 40 saliva samples, 496 probe targets were identified with a mean number of targets per sample of 203 (range: 146–303), and a mean number of probe targets of 206 and 200 in unstimulated and stimulated saliva samples, respectively (p=0.62). Based on all statistical methods used for this study, the microbial profiles of unstimulated and stimulated saliva samples collected from the same person were not statistically significantly different. Conclusions Analysis of bacterial salivary profiles in unstimulated and stimulated saliva samples collected from the same individual showed comparable results. Thus, the results verify that stimulated saliva is an adequate surrogate of unstimulated saliva for microbiome-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section of Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section of Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Bardow
- Section for Oral Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexis Kokaras
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nils-Erik Fiehn
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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