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Gürsoy UK, Fteita D, Bikker FJ, Grande MA, Nazmi K, Gürsoy M, Könönen E, Belstrøm D. Elevated Baseline Salivary Protease Activity May Predict the Steadiness of Gingival Inflammation During Periodontal Healing: A 12-Week Follow-Up Study on Adults. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090751. [PMID: 32942694 PMCID: PMC7558121 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim was to profile salivary total protease, Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipain, and neutrophil elastase activities in relation to the resolution of periodontal inflammation, salivary macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α concentrations. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment was performed in 24 periodontitis patients in a prospective interventional study design. Periodontal clinical parameters were recorded, and stimulated saliva samples were collected at baseline and 2, 6, and 12 weeks after treatment. Salivary total protease and gingipain activities were determined using fluorogenic substrates, elastase activity by chromogenic substrates, and cytokine concentrations by Luminex immunoassay. For statistical analyses, generalized linear mixed models for repeated measures were used. Salivary total protease activity elevated, while gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation decreased 2 and 6 weeks after periodontal therapy. Salivary MDC concentration was elevated 12 weeks after periodontal treatment. Patients with elevated protease activities at baseline in comparison to patients with low baseline total protease activities, had higher levels of gingival inflammation before and after periodontal treatment. In conclusion, elevations in salivary total protease activity seem to be part of periodontal healing at its early phases. Higher levels of salivary total protease activities before periodontal treatment may predict the severity and steadiness of unresolved gingival inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dareen Fteita
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Floris J. Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, 1081LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.J.B.); (K.N.)
| | - Maria Anastasia Grande
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.A.G.); (D.B.)
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, 1081LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.J.B.); (K.N.)
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.A.G.); (D.B.)
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Grande MA, Belstrøm D, Damgaard C, Holmstrup P, Thangaraj SS, Nielsen CH, Palarasah Y. Complement split product C3c in saliva as biomarker for periodontitis and response to periodontal treatment. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:27-33. [PMID: 32681659 PMCID: PMC7891408 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective The complement system is engaged in inflammatory reactions both in the periodontal pockets and in the periodontium itself, where it can mediate tissue destruction. The aim of this study was, first, to compare salivary levels of the total complement system protein C3 and its split product, fluid‐phase C3c in patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls. Next, to determine if C3 and C3c levels had biomarker potential in diagnosing and monitoring periodontitis and its treatment. We hypothesized that salivary levels of total C3 and the split product C3c associated with the severity of periodontitis and reflected decreased inflammatory activity after periodontal treatment. Methods At baseline, stimulated saliva samples were collected from patients with periodontitis (n = 18) and periodontally healthy controls (n = 15). Subsequently, non‐surgical periodontal treatment was performed in the patients, and saliva sampling from patients was repeated two‐, six‐, and twelve weeks post‐treatment (NCT02913248 at clinicaltrials.gov). The patients were grouped as good and poor responders to treatment according to the achieved reduction in bleeding on probing (BOP). Salivary levels of C3 and C3c were quantified using sandwich ELISA. Results Patients with periodontitis had higher baseline levels of both total C3 and the split product C3c in saliva than did periodontally healthy controls (P < .0001). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses discriminated patients with periodontitis from controls based on both C3 (AUC (area under curve) = 0.91, P < .001) and C3c levels (AUC = 0.84, P < .001) in saliva. Periodontal treatment improved all clinical parameters (P < .01). Good responders (n = 10) had lower baseline levels of C3c than poor responders (n = 8), (P < .05), and baseline levels of C3c discriminated between good and poor responders (AUC = 0.80, P < .05). Conclusion In conclusion, patients with periodontitis had higher salivary levels of C3c, and the C3c levels were predictive of reductions in BOP, that is, the poor responders. This suggests that salivary C3c levels possess potential to serve as a biomarker predicting the clinical response to non‐surgical periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anastasia Grande
- Section Clinical Oral Microbiology, Periodontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section Clinical Oral Microbiology, Periodontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Periodontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Periodontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sai Sindhu Thangaraj
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Periodontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Yaseelan Palarasah
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Belstrøm D, Eiberg JM, Enevold C, Grande MA, Jensen CAJ, Skov L, Hansen PR. Salivary microbiota and inflammation-related proteins in patients with psoriasis. Oral Dis 2020; 26:677-687. [PMID: 31916654 PMCID: PMC7188313 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of the present study was to characterize the composition of the salivary microbiota and quantify salivary levels of inflammation‐related proteins (neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin [NGAL] and transferrin) in patients with psoriasis and compare data to those obtained in patients with periodontitis and orally healthy controls, respectively. Materials and methods Stimulated saliva samples from patients with psoriasis (n = 27), patients with periodontitis (n = 58), and orally healthy controls (n = 52) were characterized by means of next‐generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Salivary levels of NGAL and transferrin were quantified using immunoassays. Results Linear discriminant effect size analysis showed that 52 (22 psoriasis‐associated and 30 periodontitis‐associated) and 21 (8 psoriasis‐associated and 13 orally healthy control‐associated) bacterial taxa differentiated the salivary microbiota in patients with psoriasis from that of patients with periodontitis and orally healthy controls, respectively. Significantly lower mean salivary levels of NGAL (psoriasis: 996 [std. error 320], periodontitis: 2,072 [295], orally healthy controls: 2,551 [345] ng/ml, p < .0001) and transferrin (psoriasis: 4.37 [0.92], periodontitis: 7.25 [0.88], orally healthy controls: 10.02 [0.94] ng/ml, p < .0001) were identified in patients with psoriasis. Conclusions Psoriasis associates with characteristics of the salivary microbiota and salivary levels of inflammation‐related proteins, which are different from characteristics in patients with periodontitis and orally healthy controls, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josefine Maria Eiberg
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Enevold
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Anastasia Grande
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lone Skov
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Peter Riis Hansen
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
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Belstrøm D, Grande MA, Sembler-Møller ML, Kirkby N, Cotton SL, Paster BJ, Holmstrup P. Influence of periodontal treatment on subgingival and salivary microbiotas. J Periodontol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology; Microbiology and Community Dentistry; Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Maria Anastasia Grande
- Section for Periodontology; Microbiology and Community Dentistry; Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Maria Lynn Sembler-Møller
- Section for Oral Medicine; Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Nikolai Kirkby
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Bruce J. Paster
- The Forsyth Institute; Cambridge MA United States
- Department of Oral Medicine; Infection & Immunity; Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Boston MA United States
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology; Microbiology and Community Dentistry; Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Belstrøm D, Sembler-Møller ML, Grande MA, Kirkby N, Cotton SL, Paster BJ, Holmstrup P. Microbial profile comparisons of saliva, pooled and site-specific subgingival samples in periodontitis patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182992. [PMID: 28800622 PMCID: PMC5553731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare microbial profiles of saliva, pooled and site-specific subgingival samples in patients with periodontitis. We tested the hypotheses that saliva can be an alternative to pooled subgingival samples, when screening for presence of periopathogens. Design Site specific subgingival plaque samples (n = 54), pooled subgingival plaque samples (n = 18) and stimulated saliva samples (n = 18) were collected from 18 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. Subgingival and salivary microbiotas were characterized by means of HOMINGS (Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing) and microbial community profiles were compared using Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results Pronounced intraindividual differences were recorded in site-specific microbial profiles, and site-specific information was in general not reflected by pooled subgingival samples. Presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Filifactor alocis, Tannerella forsythia and Parvimona micra in site-specific subgingival samples were detected in saliva with an AUC of 0.79 (sensitivity: 0.61, specificity: 0.94), compared to an AUC of 0.76 (sensitivity: 0.56, specificity: 0.94) in pooled subgingival samples. Conclusions Site-specific presence of periodontal pathogens was detected with comparable accuracy in stimulated saliva samples and pooled subgingival plaque samples. Consequently, saliva may be a reasonable surrogate for pooled subgingival samples when screening for presence of periopathogens. Future large-scale studies are needed to confirm findings from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Lynn Sembler-Møller
- Section for Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Anastasia Grande
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Kirkby
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bruce J. Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Belstrøm D, Sembler-Møller ML, Grande MA, Kirkby N, Cotton SL, Paster BJ, Twetman S, Holmstrup P. Impact of Oral Hygiene Discontinuation on Supragingival and Salivary Microbiomes. JDR Clin Trans Res 2017; 3:57-64. [PMID: 29662960 PMCID: PMC5896869 DOI: 10.1177/2380084417723625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to characterize and compare supragingival and salivary microbiotas during a 10-d period of oral hygiene discontinuation. We tested the hypothesis that the composition of the salivary microbiota will reflect local microbial changes associated with accumulated biofilm formation and maturation. Pooled supragingival plaque (n = 145) and stimulated saliva (n = 145) samples were collected and plaque and gingival indices were recorded from 29 orally healthy individuals at baseline, during oral hygiene discontinuation (days 4, 7, and 10), and 14 d after resumption of oral hygiene. Supragingival and salivary microbiotas were processed by next-generation sequencing (Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing) and microbial community profiles were compared. Microbial composition of supragingival plaque samples collected after 4, 7, and 10 d of oral hygiene discontinuation, as well as 14 d after reuptake of oral hygiene, differed significantly from baseline samples, by a 3-fold increase in relative abundance Leptotrichia species and a 2-fold decrease in Streptococcus species (adjusted P < 0.01). In saliva samples, a significant increase in relative abundance of Leptotrichia species (adjusted P < 0.01) was evident at day 7 but completely reversed 14 d after resumption of oral hygiene. While the salivary microbiota was resistant to accumulated local biofilm formation, data from this study showed that compositional changes of supragingival microbiotas were not reversed 14 d after resumption of oral hygiene, despite the restoration of plaque to baseline levels. (ClinicalTrials.gov UCPH_OI_002, NCT02913235). Knowledge Transfer Statement: Data from this study showed compositional changes of supragingival microbiotas as a consequence of a 10-d period of oral hygiene discontinuation, that was not reversed 14 d after resumption of oral hygiene. Notably, oral hygiene discontinuation was associated with a significant increase in relative abundance of potential cariogenic Leptotrichia species and a decrease in Streptococcus species. Thus, findings from this study highlight the necessity of regular oral hygiene in the maintenance of oral homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M L Sembler-Møller
- Section for Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M A Grande
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Kirkby
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S L Cotton
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - B J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Twetman
- Section for Cariology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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García-Serrano C, Chacón J, Trujillo A, Grande MA. [Torticollis secondary to intraparenchymatous hemorrhage]. Rev Neurol 2000; 30:700. [PMID: 10859753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Grande MA, Chacón J, Trujillo A, García-Moreno JM, Bravo M. [Intrathecal perfusion pump with baclofen in generalized dystonia]. Rev Neurol 2000; 30:138-40. [PMID: 10730320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We show the effectiveness of treatment with continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion in a case of hereditary generalized dystonia refractory to anticholinergics, tetrabenazine, pimozide, L-dopa, benzodiazepines and thalamotomy. CLINICAL CASE A 26 years old female patient, when she was 11 years old began with torsion dystonia in her left feet, that progressively worsened to involve her entire body. She had painful spasms. She had four brothers, three of them with dystonia and one healthy. Her uncle grandfather had similar symptoms. Complementary explorations to reject secondary origin was negatives. She was treated with high and progressive dosages of anticholinergics, pimozide, tetrabenazine, benzodiazepines, L-dopa and thalamotomy without improvement. Underwent intrathecal baclofen test dosing, we used 25, 50, 100 micrograms/day, the last one with improvement during 10 hours. A pump was inserted with an initial dose of 220 micrograms/day. After pump insertion, baclofen dosage was gradually increased to 450 micrograms/day. She had a great improvement in right part of her body and less in her left body. Painful spasms had disappeared. CONCLUSION We propose continuous baclofen intrathecal infusion pump for patients with severe torsion dystonia that not response to ordinal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Grande
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
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Bravo M, Chacón J, Bautista E, Pérez-Camacho I, Trujillo A, Grande MA. [Sotos syndrome associated with focal dystonia]. Rev Neurol 1999; 28:971-2. [PMID: 10416233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sotos syndrome is a form of infantile gigantism characterized by excessive body size from the time of birth, particular facies, acromegalic changes and signs of non-progressive cerebral involvement. The etiology is unknown. Diagnosis is based on somatometric data and the particular phenotype traits. Biochemical and endocrine studies are normal. Torticollis is a focal dystonia and therefore more common in adults. CLINICAL CASE A 20 year old woman with macrosomic features since birth presented with: weight 104 kg, height 182 cm; prognathism, hypertelorism, a broad over hanging forehead with a high hair line; large ears, hands and feet; torticollis towards the right with elevation and anteroversion of the right shoulder which caused symptomatic scoliosis. She was bradypsychic and rather slow in speech. The complementary tests done (cerebral and cervical CT and MR, bone gammography, evoked potentials, EMG-ENG, sural nerve biopsy, biopsy of skin and muscle, EEG and hormone and biochemistry studies) were normal. The torticollis was treated with botulinus toxin and improved considerably, as did the scoliosis. CONCLUSIONS To date, dystonia has not been described in association with Sotos syndrome. This may be a causal association, or even perhaps hereditary, since the patient's mother had dystonia (in the form of blepharospasm).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bravo
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
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Grande MA, van der Kraan I, de Jong L, van Driel R. Nuclear distribution of transcription factors in relation to sites of transcription and RNA polymerase II. J Cell Sci 1997; 110 ( Pt 15):1781-91. [PMID: 9264465 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.110.15.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the spatial relationship between sites containing newly synthesized RNA and domains containing proteins involved in transcription, such as RNA polymerase II and the transcription factors TFIIH, Oct1, BRG1, E2F-1 and glucocorticoid receptors, using dual immunofluorescence labelling followed by confocal microscopy on cultured cells. As expected, a high degree of colocalisation between the RNA polymerase II and sites containing newly synthesised RNA was observed. Like the newly synthesised RNA and the RNA polymerase II, we found that all the transcription factors that we studied are distributed more or less homogeneously throughout the nucleoplasm, occupying numerous small domains. In addition to these small domains, TFIIH was found concentrated in coiled bodies and Oct1 in a single large domain of about 1.5 microm in 30% of the cells in an asynchronous HeLa cell culture. Remarkably, we found little or no relationship between the spatial distribution of the glucocorticoid receptor, Oct1 and E2F-1 on the one hand and RNA polymerase II and transcription sites on the other hand. In contrast, a significant but incomplete overlap was observed between the spatial distributions of transcription sites and BRG1 and TFIIH. These results indicate that many of the transcription factor-rich nuclear domains are not actively involved in transcription. They may represent incomplete transcription initiation complexes, inhibitory complexes, or storage sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Grande
- E.C. Slater Institut, BioCentrum Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Grande MA, van der Kraan I, van Steensel B, Schul W, de Thé H, van der Voort HT, de Jong L, van Driel R. PML-containing nuclear bodies: their spatial distribution in relation to other nuclear components. J Cell Biochem 1996; 63:280-91. [PMID: 8913879 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19961201)63:3<280::aid-jcb3>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The PML protein is a human growth suppressor concentrated in 10 to 20 nuclear bodies per nucleus (PML bodies). Disruption of the PML gene has been shown to be related to acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). To obtain information about the function of PML bodies we have investigated the 3D-distribution of PML bodies in the nucleus of T24 cells and compared it with the spatial distribution of a variety of other nuclear components, using fluorescence dual-labeling immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. Results show that PML bodies are not enriched in nascent RNA, the splicing component U2-snRNP, or transcription factors (glucocorticoid receptor, TFIIH, and E2F). These results show that PML bodies are not prominent sites of RNA synthesis or RNA splicing. We found that a large fraction of PML bodies (50 to 80%) is closely associated with DNA replication domains during exclusively middle-late S-phase. Furthermore, in most cells that we analysed we found at least one PML body was tightly associated with a coiled body. In the APL cell line NB4, the PML gene is fused with the RAR alpha gene due to a chromosomal rearrangement. PML bodies have disappeared and the PML antigen, i.e., PML and the PML-RAR fusion protein, is dispersed in a punctated pattern throughout the nucleoplasm. We showed that in NB4 cells the sites that are rich in PML antigen significantly colocalize with sites at which nascent RNA accumulates. This suggests that, in contrast to non-APL cells, in NB4 cells the PML antigen is associated with sites of transcription. The implications of these findings for the function of PML bodies are consistent with the idea that PML bodies are associated with specific genomic loci.
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Abstract
Two main principles of nuclear organization have been outlined on the basis of contributions by many research groups in recent years. The first principle is that interphase chromosomes occupy discrete territories in the nucleus, with no intermingling of the DNA from different chromosomes. Within a chromosome territory the DNA is organized in chromatin fibers at several levels of folding, that meander through the territory. Transcription and replication take place at the surface of these higher order chromatin fibers, probably on locally unfolded DNA templates. The second principle is that different types of nuclear domains are associated with several specific gene loci. This holds for clusters of interchromatin granules, coiled bodies, RNA 3'-cleavage factor-containing nuclear bodies (cleavage bodies) and probably PML-containing nuclear bodies. These domains may play an important role in the spatial arrangement of genes in the interphase nucleus. Despite these new insights, our knowledge of the function of many nuclear compartments and the molecular interactions responsible for the dynamic organization of a compartmentalized nucleus is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L de Jong
- E.C. Slater Instituut, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
This overview describes the spatial distribution of several enzymatic machineries and functions in the interphase nucleus. Three general observations can be made. First, many components of the different nuclear machineries are distributed in the nucleus in a characteristic way for each component. They are often found concentrated in specific domains. Second, nuclear machineries for the synthesis and processing of RNA and DNA are associated with an insoluble nuclear structure, called nuclear matrix. Evidently, handling of DNA and RNA is done by immobilized enzyme systems. Finally, the nucleus seems to be divided in two major compartments. One is occupied by compact chromosomes, the other compartment is the space between the chromosomes. In the latter, transcription takes place at the surface of chromosomal domains and it houses the splicing machinery. The relevance of nuclear organization for efficient gene expression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R van Driel
- E. C. Slater Instituut, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Eukaryotic chromatin is organized into topologically constrained loops that are attached to the nuclear matrix. The regions of DNA that interact with the matrix are called matrix attachment regions (MARs). We studied the spatial distribution of MAR-binding sites in the nuclear matrix from rat liver cells, following a combined biochemical and ultrastructural approach. We found that MAR-binding sites are distributed equally over the internal fibrogranular network and the peripheral nuclear lamina. Internal and peripheral binding sites have similar binding characteristics: both sets of binding sites show specific and saturable binding of MARs from different organisms. By means of a DNA-binding protein blot assay and in vitro binding studies, we identified lamin B1 as a MAR-binding protein, which provides evidence for a specific interaction of DNA with the nuclear lamina.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Ludérus
- E.C. Slater Institute for Biochemical Research, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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