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Saichuer P, Khrisanapant P, Senapin S, Rattanarojpong T, Somsoros W, Khunrae P, Sangsuriya P. Evaluate the potential use of TonB-dependent receptor protein as a subunit vaccine against Aeromonas veronii infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Protein Expr Purif 2024; 215:106412. [PMID: 38104792 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is an emerging bacterial pathogen that causes serious systemic infections in cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), leading to massive deaths. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify effective vaccine candidates to control the spread of this emerging disease. TonB-dependent receptor (Tdr) of A. veronii, which plays a role in the virulence factor of the organism, could be useful in terms of protective antigens for vaccine development. This study aims to evaluate the potential use of Tdr protein as a novel subunit vaccine against A. veronii infection in Nile tilapia. The Tdr gene from A. veronii was cloned into the pET28b expression vector, and the recombinant protein was subsequently produced in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3). Tdr was expressed as an insoluble protein and purified by affinity chromatography. Antigenicity test indicated that this protein was recognized by serum from A. veronii infected fish. When Nile tilapia were immunized with the Tdr protein, specific antibody levels increased significantly (p-value <0.05) at 7 days post-immunization (dpi), and peaked at 21 dpi compared to antibody levels at 0 dpi. Furthermore, bacterial agglutination activity was observed in the fish serum immunized with the Tdr protein, indicating that specific antibodies in the serum can detect Tdr on the bacterial cell surface. These results suggest that Tdr protein has potential as a vaccine candidate. However, challenging tests with A.veronii in Nile tilapia needs to be investigated to thoroughly evaluate its protective efficacy for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpavee Saichuer
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Prit Khrisanapant
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Triwit Rattanarojpong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Wasusit Somsoros
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Pongsak Khunrae
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
| | - Pakkakul Sangsuriya
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
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Chakraborty N, Das BK, Bera AK, Borah S, Mohanty D, Yadav AK, Kumar J, Koushlesh SK, Chanu TN, Panda SP, Vallangi R. Co-Prevalence of Virulence and Pathogenic Potential in Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Aeromonas spp. from Diseased Fishes with In Silico Insight on the Virulent Protein Network. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12121979. [PMID: 36556344 PMCID: PMC9781969 DOI: 10.3390/life12121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas species exhibit widespread presence in food, poultry, and aquaculture. They are major multi-drug-resistant fish pathogens. This study aims to identify Aeromonas species harbouring virulence genes aerolysin, flagellin, and lipase from diseased fishes of Assam wetlands with association with antibiotic resistance and in vivo pathogenicity. One hundred and thirty-four Aeromonas strains were isolated and thirty representative species identified using genus-specific 16S rRNA gene amplification. A. veronii was most prevalent (53.7%) followed by A. hydrophila (40.2%), A. caviae (4.47%), and A. dhakensis (1.49%). Ninety percent (90%) of strains harboured at least one of the studied virulence genes: aerA (73.3%), lip (46.6%), and flaA (26.6%). The highest multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index 0.8 corresponded to A. hydrophila DBTNE1 (MZ723069), containing all the studied genes. The lowest LD50 values (1.6 × 106 CFU/fish) corresponded to isolates having both aerA and lip. β-lactams showed utmost resistance and lowest for aminoglycosides. There was a significant (p < 0.05) Pearson chi-square test of association between the occurrence of virulence and antibiotic resistance. The in silico protein−protein interaction revealed important drug targets, such as σ28 transcription factor, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, and diacylglycerol kinase, with significant (p < 0.05) enrichment. This study suggests that fish-isolate Aeromonas strains represent potential threat to aquaculture with subsequent risk of transferring antibiotic resistance to human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Chakraborty
- Regional Centre, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR), Guwahati 781006, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR), Barrackpore 700120, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-033-2592-1190; Fax: +91-033-2592-0388
| | - Asit Kumar Bera
- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR), Barrackpore 700120, India
| | - Simanku Borah
- Regional Centre, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR), Guwahati 781006, India
| | - Debasmita Mohanty
- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR), Barrackpore 700120, India
| | - Anil Kumar Yadav
- Regional Centre, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR), Guwahati 781006, India
| | - Jeetendra Kumar
- Regional Centre, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR), Prayagraj 211002, India
| | | | | | - Soumya Prasad Panda
- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR), Barrackpore 700120, India
| | - Ravali Vallangi
- Regional Centre, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR), Guwahati 781006, India
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Umutoni N, Jakobsen AN, Mukhatov K, Thomassen GMB, Karlsen H, Mehli L. Occurrence, diversity and temperature-dependent growth kinetics of Aeromonas spp. in lettuce. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 335:108852. [PMID: 32932210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bagged, pre-cut and prewashed lettuce products are marketed as ready to eat. This concept poses a food safety concern, due to lack of efficient hurdles to eliminate possible microbial contaminants from the fresh produce and/or the processing itself. Aeromonas spp. are potential foodborne pathogens that are frequently isolated from lettuce. High counts of, e.g., A. hydrophila have been found in retail ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetable salads. The aim of this study was to assess the general microbiological quality, the occurrence and diversity of potential human pathogenic mesophilic Aeromonas spp. of retail RTE lettuce products. Additionally, temperature-dependent growth kinetic parameters of Aerobic Plate Counts (APC) and Aeromonas spp. in one selected RTE lettuce product, rocket lettuce, were quantified by performing storage experiments at 4 °C, 8 °C and 12 °C. The Aeromonas isolates were further characterized regarding pathogenic traits and phylogenetic relationship. The overall hygienic quality of the lettuce products was unsatisfactory, as 60% of the products had an APC level higher than 7.0 log CFU/g. Presumptive Aeromonas spp. were detected in 52% of the samples, levels ranging from approximately 2.0-6.0 log CFU/g. Significantly lower counts of APC and Aeromonas spp. were found in uncut and unwashed products. Presumptive Aeromonas spp. were able to proliferate in rocket lettuce stored at 4 °C (μmax = 0.39 ± 0.06/d and μmax = 0.43 ± 0.05/d for lettuce from producers A and B, respectively), and μmax was approximately 2× higher at 8 °C and 3× higher at 12 °C. Eighty-four percent of the collected isolates were identified as A. media, based on partial gyrB sequencing. Additionally A. salmonicida and A. bestiarum were detected. The pathogenic potential in this material was high, most of the isolates harbored at least one of the toxin genes, act, ast, alt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle Umutoni
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; SYNLAB Analytics & Services, dep. Rørvik. Fjordgata 8, 7900 Rørvik, Norway.
| | - Anita N Jakobsen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kirill Mukhatov
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Hanne Karlsen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lisbeth Mehli
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Harnisz M, Korzeniewska E. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas spp. in the municipal wastewater system and their dissemination in the environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:377-383. [PMID: 29353783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of antibiotic resistance and virulence of Aeromonas spp. isolated from treated wastewater (WW) and from samples of river water collected upstream (URW) and downstream (DRW) from the effluent discharge point. The resistance of Aeromonas spp. to antibiotics that are widely used in human and veterinary medicine, including beta-lactams, tetracyclines, glycylcyclines, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, was analyzed by disk diffusion method. The prevalence of hemolysins, aerolysins (virulence factors) and integrase genes was determined. A total of 83 Aeromonas spp. strains were selected from the isolates obtained from river water and wastewater samples. The highest percentage (81.8%) of multidrug-resistant isolates was noted in DRW samples. The analyzed isolates were most frequently resistant to beta-lactams, tetracyclines and aminoglycosides, whereas resistance to glycylcyclines was least common. Isolates resistant to beta-lactams most frequently harbored blaTEM and blaOXA genes. The group of genes encoding resistance to tetracyclines was most frequently represented by tet(E) and tet(O). Genes encoding virulence ahh1 (heat-labile hemolysin) or integrase intI1 occurred more frequently in the strains isolated from DRW than URW. An analysis of genetic relatedness revealed two main clusters - one with closely related WW and DRW isolates and one with less related isolates from all analyzed samples. The results of this study indicate that regardless of the applied treatment, municipal sewage may be a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance and virulence genes and that treated water can contaminate other environmental domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Harnisz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
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van Zwetselaar M, Nyombi B, Sonda T, Kumburu H, Chamba N, Dekker MCJ, Kilonzo KG, Urasa SJ, Mmbaga BT. Aeromonas caviae mimicking Vibrio cholerae infectious enteropathy in a cholera-endemic region with possible public health consequences: two case reports. J Med Case Rep 2018; 12:71. [PMID: 29548295 PMCID: PMC5857081 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aeromonas species have been documented to yield false positive results in microbiological tests for Vibrio cholerae. They share many biochemical properties with Vibrio species, with which they were jointly classified in the family Vibrionaceae until genotypic information provided new insights. Aeromonas species are increasingly associated with gastrointestinal infections, albeit with great apparent variation in pathogenicity and virulence both between and within species of the genus. We report two cases with clinically mild cholera-like symptoms, at a time when a cholera outbreak was unfolding in other regions of the country (Tanzania). These are the first cases to be reported with Aeromonas mimicking cholera in our area. CASE PRESENTATION Two patients were admitted at the isolation unit designated by the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre for emerging infectious diseases and provided informed consent about regular stool analysis and culture under the provisional diagnosis of gastroenteritis. The first patient was a 23-year-old black African woman with a 2-day history of watery diarrhea and vomiting associated with a temperature of 39.7 °C. The second patient was a 47-year-old black African woman with a 2-day history of diarrhea and vomiting with a temperature of 37.7 °C, and she was hemodynamically stable. Both patients were isolated in a specific area for infection control and treated with fluids and orally administered rehydration solution, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and paracetamol. Stool culture was done. The isolated colonies were reported as V. cholerae and transferred to the research laboratory of Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute for confirmation using whole genome sequencing. Microbiological testing determined colonies isolated from stool to be V. cholerae, and warranted the conclusion "presumptive cholera." Whole genome sequencing, however, established the presence of Aeromonas caviae rather than V. cholerae. CONCLUSIONS The co-existence of Aeromonas species with V. cholerae in cholera-endemic regions suggests the possibility that a proportion of suspected cholera cases may be Aeromonas infections. However, with close to no epidemiological data available on Aeromonas infection in cases of diarrhea and dysentery in Sub-Saharan Africa, it is not currently possible to establish the extent of misdiagnosis to any degree of certainty. Whole genome sequencing was shown to readily exclude V. cholerae as the etiological agent and establish the presence of Aeromonas species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco van Zwetselaar
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Kilimanjaro United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Balthazar Nyombi
- 0000 0004 0648 072Xgrid.415218.bKilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Kilimanjaro United Republic of Tanzania ,0000 0004 0648 0439grid.412898.eKilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Tolbert Sonda
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Kilimanjaro United Republic of Tanzania ,0000 0004 0648 0439grid.412898.eKilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Happiness Kumburu
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Kilimanjaro United Republic of Tanzania ,0000 0004 0648 0439grid.412898.eKilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Nyasatu Chamba
- 0000 0004 0648 072Xgrid.415218.bKilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Kilimanjaro United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Marieke C. J. Dekker
- 0000 0004 0648 072Xgrid.415218.bKilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Kilimanjaro United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Kajiru G. Kilonzo
- 0000 0004 0648 072Xgrid.415218.bKilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Kilimanjaro United Republic of Tanzania ,0000 0004 0648 0439grid.412898.eKilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Sarah J. Urasa
- 0000 0004 0648 072Xgrid.415218.bKilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Kilimanjaro United Republic of Tanzania ,0000 0004 0648 0439grid.412898.eKilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Blandina T. Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Kilimanjaro United Republic of Tanzania ,0000 0004 0648 072Xgrid.415218.bKilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Kilimanjaro United Republic of Tanzania ,0000 0004 0648 0439grid.412898.eKilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, United Republic of Tanzania
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Carriero MM, Mendes Maia AA, Moro Sousa RL, Henrique-Silva F. Characterization of a new strain of Aeromonas dhakensis isolated from diseased pacu fish (Piaractus mesopotamicus) in Brazil. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:1285-1295. [PMID: 26850370 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a detailed description and characterization of a strain of Aeromonas dhakensis isolated from a diseased juvenile Piaractus mesopotamicus obtained from the fish farm of the National Center for Continental Fish Research and Conservation (CEPTA/ICMBio), in the state of São Paul, Brazil. Biochemical tests using the VITEK 2 automated bacterial identification system identified the isolate to genus level; however, further molecular analysis of the 16S rRNA, gyrB and rpoD genes showed that the strain belonged to the species A. dhakensis. As expected, the isolated A. dhakensis strain was resistant to ampicillin and ampicillin/sulbactam, as resistance to ampicillin is a typical characteristic of the genus Aeromonas. Resistance to cefoxitin and meropenem was also observed, but the strain was susceptible to most of the tested antibiotics. The isolated strain of A. dhakensis caused acute haemorrhagic septicaemia in experimentally infected P. mesopotamicus, with a fifty per cent lethal dose of 1.14 × 105 CFU/fish. This is the first report of the occurrence of an A. dhakensis strain causing an infection in a fish species of South America, providing important epidemiologic data relating to this important pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Carriero
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - A A Mendes Maia
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - R L Moro Sousa
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - F Henrique-Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Ghatak S, Blom J, Das S, Sanjukta R, Puro K, Mawlong M, Shakuntala I, Sen A, Goesmann A, Kumar A, Ngachan SV. Pan-genome analysis of Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii and Aeromonas caviae indicates phylogenomic diversity and greater pathogenic potential for Aeromonas hydrophila. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 109:945-56. [PMID: 27075453 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas species are important pathogens of fishes and aquatic animals capable of infecting humans and other animals via food. Due to the paucity of pan-genomic studies on aeromonads, the present study was undertaken to analyse the pan-genome of three clinically important Aeromonas species (A. hydrophila, A. veronii, A. caviae). Results of pan-genome analysis revealed an open pan-genome for all three species with pan-genome sizes of 9181, 7214 and 6884 genes for A. hydrophila, A. veronii and A. caviae, respectively. Core-genome: pan-genome ratio (RCP) indicated greater genomic diversity for A. hydrophila and interestingly RCP emerged as an effective indicator to gauge genomic diversity which could possibly be extended to other organisms too. Phylogenomic network analysis highlighted the influence of homologous recombination and lateral gene transfer in the evolution of Aeromonas spp. Prediction of virulence factors indicated no significant difference among the three species though analysis of pathogenic potential and acquired antimicrobial resistance genes revealed greater hazards from A. hydrophila. In conclusion, the present study highlighted the usefulness of whole genome analyses to infer evolutionary cues for Aeromonas species which indicated considerable phylogenomic diversity for A. hydrophila and hitherto unknown genomic evidence for pathogenic potential of A. hydrophila compared to A. veronii and A. caviae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Ghatak
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India.
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Samir Das
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India
| | - Rajkumari Sanjukta
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India
| | - Kekungu Puro
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India
| | | | - Ingudam Shakuntala
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India
| | - Arnab Sen
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India
| | - Alexander Goesmann
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - S V Ngachan
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India
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Pathogens in Ornamental Waters: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:216. [PMID: 26891309 PMCID: PMC4772236 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In parks, ornamental waters of easy access and populated with animals are quite attractive to children and yet might hide threats to human health. The present work focuses on the microbiota of the ornamental waters of a Lisboa park, characterized during 2015. The results show a dynamic microbiota integrating human pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aeromonas spp. and Enterobacter spp., and also antibiotic resistant bacteria. K. pneumoniae and Aeromonas spp. were present as planktonic and biofilm organized bacteria. In vitro K. pneumoniae and Aeromonas spp. showed an enhanced ability to assemble biofilm at 25 °C than at 37 °C. Bacteria recovered from biofilm samples showed an increased antibiotic resistance compared to the respective planktonic counterparts.
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Ghenghesh KS, Rahouma A, Zorgani A, Tawil K, Al Tomi A, Franka E. Aeromonas in Arab countries: 1995-2014. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 42:8-14. [PMID: 26577192 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide information on the prevalence, clinical syndromes, and antimicrobial resistance and therapy of Aeromonas spp. infections in Arab countries. The data were obtained by an English language literature search from 1995 to 2014 of Medline and PubMed for papers using the search terms "Aeromonas+name of Arab country (i.e. Algeria, Egypt, etc.)". Additional data were obtained from a Google search using the aforementioned terms. The organisms have been reported from diarrheal children, patients with cholera-like diarrhea, an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis and from different types of animals, foods and water source in several Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa with predominance of A. hydrophila, A. caviae and A. sobria. Using molecular techniques few studies reported genes encoding several toxins from aeromonads isolated from different sources. Among the antimicrobials examined in the present review third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides showed excellent activity and can be employed in the treatment of Aeromonas-associated human infections in Arabic countries. Whenever possible, treatment should be guided by the susceptibility testing results of the isolated organism. In the future, studies employing molecular testing methods are required to provide data on circulating genospecies and their modes of transmission in the community, and on their mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobials. Microbiology laboratories and research centers are encouraged to look for these organisms in clinical, food and water sources to attain a better understanding of the public health risks from these organisms in Arab countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amal Rahouma
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | | | - Khaled Tawil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | | | - Ezzadin Franka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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