1
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Jiang R, Qin Y, Wang Y, Xu X, Chen H, Xu K, Zhang M. Dynamic Number and Function of IL-10-Producing Regulatory B Cells in the Immune Microenvironment at Distinct Stages of Type 1 Diabetes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1034-1041. [PMID: 35140133 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of IL-10-producing B cells (B10 cells) with a unique CD1dhiCD5+ phenotype in suppressing autoimmune responses and relieving inflammation has been demonstrated in several models of autoimmune diseases. However, the regulatory role of B10 cells in T cell-mediated autoimmune responses during the natural history of type 1 diabetes is unclear. In this study, we used the NOD mouse model of autoimmune diabetes to clarify the changes and potential mechanisms of B10 cells for disease. Compared with B10 cells present in the 4-wk-old normoglycemic NOD mice, the frequency of B10 cells was increased in the insulitis and diabetic NOD mice, with the highest proportion in the insulitis NOD mice. The changes in the relative number of B10 cells were most pronounced in the pancreas-draining lymph nodes. The pathogenic T cells, including Th1 and Th17 cells, remarkably increased. The assays in vitro showed that B10 cells in the NOD mice did not inhibit the proliferation of CD4+CD25- T cells. They also had no regulatory effect on IFN-γ and IL-4 secretion or on Foxp3 expression of T cells. B10 cells suppressed T cell-mediated autoimmune responses via an IL-10-dependent pathway. In contrast, B10 cells in the NOD mice exhibited a significant reduction in IL-10 production. In summary, a defect in the number and function of B10 cells may participate in the development and progression of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, China; and
| | - Yao Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueshu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuanfeng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China;
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2
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Degn SE, Alicot E, Carroll MC. B cell tolerance to epidermal ribonuclear-associated neo-autoantigen in vivo. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 191:151-165. [PMID: 28984923 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining how self-antigens are perceived by the immune system is pivotal to understand how tolerance is maintained under homeostatic conditions. Clinically relevant, natural autoantigens targeted by autoantibodies, in e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), commonly have an intrinsic ability to engage not only the B cell receptor (BCR), but also a co-stimulatory pathway in B cells, such as the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 pathway. Here we developed a novel mouse model displaying inducible expression of a fluorescent epidermal neo-autoantigen carrying an OT-II T cell epitope, B cell antigen and associated ribonucleic acids capable of stimulating TLR-7. The neo-autoantigen was expressed in skin, but did not drain in intact form into draining lymph nodes, even after ultraviolet B (UVB)-stimulated induction of apoptosis in the basal layer. Adoptively transferred autoreactive B cells were excluded follicularly and perished at the T-B border in the spleen, preventing their recirculation and encounter with antigen peripherally. This transitional check-point was bypassed by crossing the reporter to a BCR knock-in line on a C4-deficient background. Adoptively transferred OT-II T cells homed rapidly into cutaneous lymph nodes and up-regulated CD69. Surprisingly, however, tolerance was not broken, as the T cells subsequently down-regulated activation markers and contracted. Our results highlight how sequestration of intracellular and peripheral antigen, the transitional B cell tolerance check-point and T cell regulation co-operate to maintain immunological tolerance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Degn
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - E Alicot
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M C Carroll
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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De Riva A, Wållberg M, Ronchi F, Coulson R, Sage A, Thorne L, Goodfellow I, McCoy KD, Azuma M, Cooke A, Busch R. Regulation of type 1 diabetes development and B-cell activation in nonobese diabetic mice by early life exposure to a diabetogenic environment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181964. [PMID: 28771521 PMCID: PMC5542673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes, including viruses, influence type 1 diabetes (T1D) development, but many such influences remain undefined. Previous work on underlying immune mechanisms has focussed on cytokines and T cells. Here, we compared two nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse colonies, NODlow and NODhigh, differing markedly in their cumulative T1D incidence (22% vs. 90% by 30 weeks in females). NODhigh mice harbored more complex intestinal microbiota, including several pathobionts; both colonies harbored segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), thought to suppress T1D. Young NODhigh females had increased B-cell activation in their mesenteric lymph nodes. These phenotypes were transmissible. Co-housing of NODlow with NODhigh mice after weaning did not change T1D development, but T1D incidence was increased in female offspring of co-housed NODlow mice, which were exposed to the NODhigh environment both before and after weaning. These offspring also acquired microbiota and B-cell activation approaching those of NODhigh mice. In NODlow females, the low rate of T1D was unaffected by cyclophosphamide but increased by PD-L1 blockade. Thus, environmental exposures that are innocuous later in life may promote T1D progression if acquired early during immune development, possibly by altering B-cell activation and/or PD-L1 function. Moreover, T1D suppression in NOD mice by SFB may depend on the presence of other microbial influences. The complexity of microbial immune regulation revealed in this murine model may also be relevant to the environmental regulation of human T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra De Riva
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maja Wållberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Ronchi
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard Coulson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Sage
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Thorne
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Goodfellow
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kathy D. McCoy
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miyuki Azuma
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anne Cooke
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Busch
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Feldman S, Kasjanski R, Poposki J, Hernandez D, Chen JN, Norton JE, Suh L, Carter RG, Stevens WW, Peters AT, Kern RC, Conley DB, Tan BK, Shintani-Smith S, Welch KC, Grammer LC, Harris KE, Kato A, Schleimer RP, Hulse KE. Chronic airway inflammation provides a unique environment for B cell activation and antibody production. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:457-466. [PMID: 28000955 PMCID: PMC5378644 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B cells play many roles in health and disease. However, little is known about the mechanisms that drive B cell responses in the airways, especially in humans. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the upper airways that affects 10% of Europeans and Americans. A subset of CRS patients develop nasal polyps (NPs), which are characterized by type 2 inflammation, eosinophils and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). We have reported that NP contain elevated levels of B cells and antibodies, making NP an ideal system for studying B cells in the airways. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the mechanisms that drive B cell activation and antibody production during chronic airway inflammation. METHODS We analysed B cells from NP or tonsil, or after ILC2 coculture, by flow cytometry. Antibody production from tissue was measured using Luminex assays and the frequency of antibody-secreting cells by ELISpot. Formation of B cell clusters was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Expression of genes associated with B cell activation and class switch recombination was measured by qRT-PCR. RESULTS NP contained significantly elevated frequencies of plasmablasts, especially those that expressed the extrafollicular marker Epstein-Barr virus-induced protein 2 (EBI2), but significantly fewer germinal centre (GC) B cells compared with tonsil. Antibody production and the frequency of antibody-secreting cells were significantly elevated in NP, and there was evidence for local class switch recombination in NP. Finally, ILC2s directly induced EBI2 expression on B cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data suggest there is a unique B cell activation environment within NP that is distinct from classic GC-mediated mechanisms. We show for the first time that ILC2s directly induce EBI2 expression on B cells, indicating that ILC2s may play an important role in B cell responses. B cell-targeted therapies may provide new treatment options for CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Feldman
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Richard Kasjanski
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Julie Poposki
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - David Hernandez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason N. Chen
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - James E. Norton
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Lydia Suh
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Roderick G. Carter
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Whitney W. Stevens
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Anju T. Peters
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Robert C. Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David B. Conley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce K. Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephani Shintani-Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin C. Welch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leslie C. Grammer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kathleen E. Harris
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Robert P. Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Hulse
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
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5
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Chen D, Ireland SJ, Davis LS, Kong X, Stowe AM, Wang Y, White WI, Herbst R, Monson NL. Autoreactive CD19+CD20- Plasma Cells Contribute to Disease Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1541-9. [PMID: 26764035 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of autoantibody-producing plasma cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear. Anti-CD20 B cell depletion effectively reduces disease activity in MS patients, but it has a minimal effect on circulating autoantibodies and oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid. Recently we reported that MEDI551, an anti-CD19 mAb, therapeutically ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the mouse model of MS. MEDI551 potently inhibits pathogenic adaptive immune responses, including depleting autoantibody-producing plasma cells. In the present study, we demonstrated that CD19 mAb treatment ameliorates EAE more effectively than does CD20 mAb. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific Abs and short-lived and long-lived autoantibody-secreting cells were nearly undetectable in the CD19 mAb-treated mice, but they remained detectable in the CD20 mAb-treated mice. Interestingly, residual disease severity in the CD20 mAb-treated animals positively correlated with the frequency of treatment-resistant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Of note, treatment-resistant plasma cells contained a substantial proportion of CD19(+)CD20(-) plasma cells, which would have otherwise been targeted by CD19 mAb. These data suggested that CD19(+)CD20(-) plasma cells spared by anti-CD20 therapy likely contribute to residual EAE severity by producing autoreactive Abs. In patients with MS, we also identified a population of CD19(+)CD20(-) B cells in the cerebrospinal fluid that would be resistant to CD20 mAb treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390
| | - Sara J Ireland
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390
| | - Laurie S Davis
- Rheumatic Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Xiangmei Kong
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Wendy I White
- Translational Science Department, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878; and
| | - Ronald Herbst
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Nancy L Monson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390; Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390
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6
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Durand J, Chiffoleau E. B cells with regulatory properties in transplantation tolerance. World J Transplant 2015; 5:196-208. [PMID: 26722647 PMCID: PMC4689930 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v5.i4.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of tolerance remains a major goal in transplantation. Indeed, despite potent immunosuppression, chronic rejection is still a real problem in transplantation. The humoral response is an important mediator of chronic rejection, and numerous strategies have been developed to target either B cells or plasma cells. However, the use of anti-CD20 therapy has highlighted the beneficial role of subpopulation of B cells, termed regulatory B cells. These cells have been characterized mainly in mice models of auto-immune diseases but emerging literature suggests their role in graft tolerance in transplantation. Regulatory B cells seem to be induced following inflammation to restrain excessive response. Different phenotypes of regulatory B cells have been described and are functional at various differentiation steps from immature to plasma cells. These cells act by multiple mechanisms such as secretion of immuno-suppressive cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) or IL-35, cytotoxicity, expression of inhibitory receptors or by secretion of non-inflammatory antibodies. Better characterization of the development, phenotype and mode of action of these cells seems urgent to develop novel approaches to manipulate the different B cell subsets and the response to the graft in a clinical setting.
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7
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Kleffel S, Vergani A, Tezza S, Ben Nasr M, Niewczas MA, Wong S, Bassi R, D'Addio F, Schatton T, Abdi R, Atkinson M, Sayegh MH, Wen L, Wasserfall CH, O'Connor KC, Fiorina P. Interleukin-10+ regulatory B cells arise within antigen-experienced CD40+ B cells to maintain tolerance to islet autoantigens. Diabetes 2015; 64:158-71. [PMID: 25187361 PMCID: PMC4274804 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Impaired regulatory B cell (Breg) responses are associated with several autoimmune diseases in humans; however, the role of Bregs in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unclear. We hypothesized that naturally occurring, interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing Bregs maintain tolerance to islet autoantigens, and that hyperglycemic nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and T1D patients lack these potent negative regulators. IgVH transcriptome analysis revealed that islet-infiltrating B cells in long-term normoglycemic (Lnglc) NOD, which are naturally protected from diabetes, are more antigen-experienced and possess more diverse B-cell receptor repertoires compared to those of hyperglycemic (Hglc) mice. Importantly, increased levels of Breg-promoting CD40(+) B cells and IL-10-producing B cells were found within islets of Lnglc compared to Hglc NOD. Likewise, healthy individuals showed increased frequencies of both CD40(+) and IL-10(+) B cells compared to T1D patients. Rituximab-mediated B-cell depletion followed by adoptive transfer of B cells from Hglc mice induced hyperglycemia in Lnglc human CD20 transgenic NOD mouse models. Importantly, both murine and human IL-10(+) B cells significantly abrogated T-cell-mediated responses to self- or islet-specific peptides ex vivo. Together, our data suggest that antigen-matured Bregs may maintain tolerance to islet autoantigens by selectively suppressing autoreactive T-cell responses, and that Hglc mice and individuals with T1D lack this population of Bregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kleffel
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrea Vergani
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Transplant Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Tezza
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Moufida Ben Nasr
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Monika A Niewczas
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Susan Wong
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Francesca D'Addio
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Transplant Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Tobias Schatton
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Nephrology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mark Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mohamed H Sayegh
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Paolo Fiorina
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Transplant Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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8
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Machado RIL, Scheinberg MA, Queiroz MYCFD, Brito DCSED, Guimarães MFBDR, Giovelli RA, Freire EAM. Use of rituximab as a treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus: retrospective review. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2014; 12:36-41. [PMID: 24728244 PMCID: PMC4898237 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082014ao2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the experience in three Brazilian institutions with the use of rituximab in patients with different clinical forms of lupus erythematosus systemic in activity. METHODS The study consisted of a sample of 17 patients with LES, who were already being treated, but that at some stage of the disease showed refractory symptoms. The patients were subdivided into groups according to the clinical manifestation, and the responses for the use of rituximab were rated as complete, partial or no response. Data were collected through a spreadsheet, and used specific parameters for each group. The treatment was carried on by using therapeutic dose of 1g, and repeating the infusion within an interval of 15 days. RESULTS The clinical responses to rituximab of the group only hematological and of the group only osteoarticular were complete in all cases. In the renal group there was a clinical complete response, two partial and one absent. In the renal and hematological group complete response, there was one death and a missing response. The pulmonary group presented a complete response and two partial. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that rituximab can bring benefits to patients with lupus erythematosus systemic, with good tolerability and mild side effects; it presented, however, variable response according to the system affected.
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9
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Involvement of suppressive B-lymphocytes in the mechanism of tolerogenic dendritic cell reversal of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83575. [PMID: 24465383 PMCID: PMC3894962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to identify immune cell populations, in addition to Foxp3+ T-regulatory cells, that participate in the mechanisms of action of tolerogenic dendritic cells shown to prevent and reverse type 1 diabetes in the Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mouse strain. Co-culture experiments using tolerogenic dendritic cells and B-cells from NOD as well as transgenic interleukin-10 promoter-reporter mice along with transfer of tolerogenic dendritic cells and CD19+ B-cells into NOD and transgenic mice, showed that these dendritic cells increased the frequency and numbers of interleukin-10-expressing B-cells in vitro and in vivo. The expansion of these cells was a consequence of both the proliferation of pre-existing interleukin-10-expressing B-lymphocytes and the conversion of CD19+ B-lymphcytes into interleukin-10-expressing cells. The tolerogenic dendritic cells did not affect the suppressive activity of these B-cells. Furthermore, we discovered that the suppressive murine B-lymphocytes expressed receptors for retinoic acid which is produced by the tolerogenic dendritic cells. These data assist in identifying the nature of the B-cell population increased in response to the tolerogenic dendritic cells in a clinical trial and also validate very recent findings demonstrating a mechanistic link between human tolerogenic dendritic cells and immunosuppressive regulatory B-cells.
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10
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Moritoki M, Kadowaki T, Niki T, Nakano D, Soma G, Mori H, Kobara H, Masaki T, Kohno M, Hirashima M. Galectin-9 ameliorates clinical severity of MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice by inducing plasma cell apoptosis independently of Tim-3. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60807. [PMID: 23585851 PMCID: PMC3621869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-9 ameliorates various murine autoimmune disease models by regulating T cells and macrophages, although it is not known what role it may have in B cells. The present experiment shows that galectin-9 ameliorates a variety of clinical symptoms, such as proteinuria, arthritis, and hematocrit in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice. As previously reported, galectin-9 reduces the frequency of Th1, Th17, and activated CD8(+) T cells. Although anti-dsDNA antibody was increased in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice, galectin-9 suppressed anti-dsDNA antibody production, at least partly, by decreasing the number of plasma cells. Galectin-9 seemed to decrease the number of plasma cells by inducing plasma cell apoptosis, and not by suppressing BAFF production. Although about 20% of CD19(-/low) CD138(+) plasma cells expressed Tim-3 in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice, Tim-3 may not be directly involved in the galectin-9-induced apoptosis, because anti-Tim-3 blocking antibody did not block galectin-9-induced apoptosis. This is the first report of plasma cell apoptosis being induced by galectin-9. Collectively, it is likely that galectin-9 attenuates the clinical severity of MRL lupus-prone mice by regulating T cell function and inducing plasma cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Moritoki
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kadowaki
- Department of Immunology and Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Holistic Immunology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiro Niki
- Department of Immunology and Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Genichiro Soma
- Department of Holistic Immunology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hirohito Mori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kohno
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuomi Hirashima
- Department of Immunology and Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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11
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Abstract
CD22 is a 140-kDa member of the Siglec family of cell surface proteins that is expressed by most mature B-cell lineages. As a co-receptor of the B-cell receptor (BCR), it is known to contribute to the sensitive control of the B-cell response to antigen. Cross-linking of CD22 and the BCR by antigen triggers the phosphorylation of CD22, which leads to activation of signaling molecules such as phosphatases. Signal transduction pathways involving CD22 have been explored in a number of mouse models, some of which have provided evidence that in the absence of functional CD22, B cells have a "hyperactivated" phenotype, and suggest that loss of CD22 function could contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Modulating CD22 activity has therefore been suggested as a possible therapeutic approach to such diseases. For example, the novel CD22-targeting monoclonal antibody epratuzumab is currently under investigation as a treatment for the connective tissue disorder systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dörner
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, CC12, Dept. Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany.
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Carvello M, Petrelli A, Vergani A, Lee KM, Tezza S, Chin M, Orsenigo E, Staudacher C, Secchi A, Dunussi-Joannopoulos K, Sayegh MH, Markmann JF, Fiorina P. Inotuzumab ozogamicin murine analog-mediated B-cell depletion reduces anti-islet allo- and autoimmune responses. Diabetes 2012; 61:155-65. [PMID: 22076927 PMCID: PMC3237644 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
B cells participate in the priming of the allo- and autoimmune responses, and their depletion can thus be advantageous for islet transplantation. Herein, we provide an extensive study of the effect of B-cell depletion in murine models of islet transplantation. Islet transplantation was performed in hyperglycemic B-cell-deficient(μMT) mice, in a purely alloimmune setting (BALB/c into hyperglycemic C57BL/6), in a purely autoimmune setting (NOD.SCID into hyperglycemic NOD), and in a mixed allo-/autoimmune setting (BALB/c into hyperglycemic NOD). Inotuzumab ozogamicin murine analog (anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody conjugated with calicheamicin [anti-CD22/cal]) efficiently depleted B cells in all three models of islet transplantation examined. Islet graft survival was significantly prolonged in B-cell-depleted mice compared with control groups in transplants of islets from BALB/c into C57BL/6 (mean survival time [MST]: 16.5 vs. 12.0 days; P = 0.004), from NOD.SCID into NOD (MST: 23.5 vs. 14.0 days; P = 0.03), and from BALB/c into NOD (MST: 12.0 vs. 5.5 days; P = 0.003). In the BALB/c into B-cell-deficient mice model, islet survival was prolonged as well (MST: μMT = 32.5 vs. WT = 14 days; P = 0.002). Pathology revealed reduced CD3(+) cell islet infiltration and confirmed the absence of B cells in treated mice. Mechanistically, effector T cells were reduced in number, concomitant with a peripheral Th2 profile skewing and ex vivo recipient hyporesponsiveness toward donor-derived antigen as well as islet autoantigens. Finally, an anti-CD22/cal and CTLA4-Ig-based combination therapy displayed remarkable prolongation of graft survival in the stringent model of islet transplantation (BALB/c into NOD). Anti-CD22/cal-mediated B-cell depletion promotes the reduction of the anti-islet immune response in various models of islet transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/physiology
- Autoimmunity/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/cytology
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Death/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Graft Survival/immunology
- Inotuzumab Ozogamicin
- Islets of Langerhans/drug effects
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Transplantation Tolerance/drug effects
- Transplantation Tolerance/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Carvello
- Transplant Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Petrelli
- Nephrology Division, Transplantation Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Vergani
- Nephrology Division, Transplantation Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kang Mi Lee
- Transplant Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Tezza
- Nephrology Division, Transplantation Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa Chin
- Nephrology Division, Transplantation Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elena Orsenigo
- Department of Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Staudacher
- Department of Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Secchi
- Department of Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mohamed H. Sayegh
- Nephrology Division, Transplantation Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James F. Markmann
- Transplant Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Nephrology Division, Transplantation Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Corresponding author: Paolo Fiorina,
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