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Pan C, Meng J, Jia L, Pu X. Droplet-Based Direct-Current Electricity Generation Induced by Dynamic Electric Double Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17649-17656. [PMID: 38552212 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Harvesting energy from water droplets has received tremendous attention due to the pursuit of sustainable and green energy resources. The droplet-based electricity generator (DEG) provides an admirable strategy to harvest energy from droplets into electricity. However, most of the DEGs merely generate electricity of alternating current (AC) output rather than direct current (DC) without the utilization of rectifiers, impeding its practical applications in energy storage and power supply. Here, a direct current droplet-based electricity generator (DC-DEG) is developed by the simple configuration of the electrodes. The DC output originates from the dynamical electric double layer (EDL) formed at two electrodes and droplet interfaces where the charging/discharging process of EDL capacitance occurs. Several experiments are exhibited to demonstrate the rationality of the proposed principle. The influence of some factors on the output is investigated for further insight into the DC-DEG device. This work provides a novel strategy to harvest energy from water droplets directly into DC electricity and may expand the application of DEGs in powering electronic devices without the help of rectifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxiang Pan
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Jia Meng
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Luyao Jia
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Pu
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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2
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Qiao W, Zhou L, Zhao Z, Yang P, Liu D, Liu X, Liu J, Liu D, Wang ZL, Wang J. MXene Lubricated Tribovoltaic Nanogenerator with High Current Output and Long Lifetime. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:218. [PMID: 37804464 PMCID: PMC10560292 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Tribovoltaic nanogenerators (TVNGs) have the characteristics of high current density, low matched impedance and continuous output, which is expected to solve the problem of power supply for small electronic devices. However, wear occurrence in friction interface will seriously reduce the performance of TVNGs as well as lifetime. Here, we employ MXene solution as lubricate to improve output current density and lifetime of TVNG simultaneously, where a high value of 754 mA m-2 accompanied with a record durability of 90,000 cycles were achieved. By comparing multiple liquid lubricates with different polarity, we show that conductive polar liquid with MXene as additive plays a crucial role in enhancing the electrical output performance and durability of TVNG. Moreover, the universality of MXene solution is well demonstrated in various TVNGs with Cu and P-type Si, and Cu and N-GaAs as material pairs. This work may guide and accelerates the practical application of TVNG in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Qiao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Linglin Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyuan Yang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoru Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Nguyen QT, Vu DL, Le CD, Ahn KK. Recent Progress in Self-Powered Sensors Based on Liquid-Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerators. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5888. [PMID: 37447740 DOI: 10.3390/s23135888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing need for sensors that can operate autonomously without requiring an external power source. This is especially important in applications where conventional power sources, such as batteries, are impractical or difficult to replace. Self-powered sensors have emerged as a promising solution to this challenge, offering a range of benefits such as low cost, high stability, and environmental friendliness. One of the most promising self-powered sensor technologies is the L-S TENG, which stands for liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator. This technology works by harnessing the mechanical energy generated by external stimuli such as pressure, touch, or vibration, and converting it into electrical energy that can be used to power sensors and other electronic devices. Therefore, self-powered sensors based on L-S TENGs-which provide numerous benefits such as rapid responses, portability, cost-effectiveness, and miniaturization-are critical for increasing living standards and optimizing industrial processes. In this review paper, the working principle with three basic modes is first briefly introduced. After that, the parameters that affect L-S TENGs are reviewed based on the properties of the liquid and solid phases. With different working principles, L-S TENGs have been used to design many structures that function as self-powered sensors for pressure/force change, liquid flow motion, concentration, and chemical detection or biochemical sensing. Moreover, the continuous output signal of a TENG plays an important role in the functioning of real-time sensors that is vital for the growth of the Internet of Things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Tan Nguyen
- Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy Linh Vu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chau Duy Le
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi MInh City, Linh Trung Ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Kyoung Kwan Ahn
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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Nguyen QT, Vu DL, Le CD, Ahn KK. Enhancing the Performance of Triboelectric Generator: A Novel Approach Using Solid-Liquid Interface-Treated Foam and Metal Contacts. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102392. [PMID: 37242966 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This work introduces a novel approach for enhancing the performance of a triboelectric generator (TEG) by using a solid-liquid interface-treated foam (SLITF) as its active layer, combined with two metal contacts of different work functions. SLITF is made by absorbing water into a cellulose foam, which enables charges generated by friction energy during the sliding motion to be separated and transferred through the conductive path formed by the hydrogen-bonded network of water molecules. Unlike traditional TEGs, the SLITF-TEG demonstrates an impressive current density of 3.57 A/m2 and can harvest electric power up to 0.174 W/m2 with an induced voltage of approximately 0.55 V. The device generates a direct current in the external circuit, eliminating the limitations of low current density and alternating current found in traditional TEGs. By connecting six-unit cells of SLITF-TEG in series and parallel, the peak voltage and current can be increased up to 3.2 V and 12.5 mA, respectively. Furthermore, the SLITF-TEG has the potential to serve as a self-powered vibration sensor with high accuracy (R2 = 0.99). The findings demonstrate the significant potential of the SLITF-TEG approach for efficiently harvesting low-frequency mechanical energy from the natural environment, with broad implications for a range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Tan Nguyen
- Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93, Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy Linh Vu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93, Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chau Duy Le
- Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93, Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Kwan Ahn
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93, Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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5
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Shan C, Li K, Cheng Y, Hu C. Harvesting Environment Mechanical Energy by Direct Current Triboelectric Nanogenerators. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:127. [PMID: 37209262 PMCID: PMC10200001 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As hundreds of millions of distributed devices appear in every corner of our lives for information collection and transmission in big data era, the biggest challenge is the energy supply for these devices and the signal transmission of sensors. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) as a new energy technology meets the increasing demand of today's distributed energy supply due to its ability to convert the ambient mechanical energy into electric energy. Meanwhile, TENG can also be used as a sensing system. Direct current triboelectric nanogenerator (DC-TENG) can directly supply power to electronic devices without additional rectification. It has been one of the most important developments of TENG in recent years. Herein, we review recent progress in the novel structure designs, working mechanism and corresponding method to improve the output performance for DC-TENGs from the aspect of mechanical rectifier, tribovoltaic effect, phase control, mechanical delay switch and air-discharge. The basic theory of each mode, key merits and potential development are discussed in detail. At last, we provide a guideline for future challenges of DC-TENGs, and a strategy for improving the output performance for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncai Shan
- School of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixian Li
- School of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntao Cheng
- School of Energy and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenguo Hu
- School of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
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Shen R, Lu Y, Yu X, Ge Q, Zhong H, Lin S. Broadband Insulator-Based Dynamic Diode with Ultrafast Hot Carriers Process. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9878352. [PMID: 36204249 PMCID: PMC9513832 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9878352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The excitation, rebound, and transport process of hot carriers (HCs) inside dynamic diode (DD) based on insulators has been rarely explored due to the original stereotyped in which it was thought that the insulators are nonconductive. However, the carrier dynamics of DD is totally different from the static diode, which may bring a subverting insight of insulators. Herein, we discovered insulators could be conductive under the framework of DD; the HC process inside the rebounding procedure caused by the disappearance and reestablishment of the built-in electric field at the interface of insulator/semiconductor heterostructure is the main generation mechanism. This type of DD can response fast up to 1 μs to mechanical excitation with an output of ~10 V, showing a wide band frequency response under different input frequencies from 0 to 40 kHz. It can work under extreme environments; various applications like underwater communication network, self-powered sensor/detector in the sea environment, and life health monitoring can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjiang Shen
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yanghua Lu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xutao Yu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qi Ge
- Chongqing 2D Material Institute, Chongqing 410020, China
| | - Huiming Zhong
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Shisheng Lin
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Chongqing 2D Material Institute, Chongqing 410020, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Gelanfeng Technology Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China
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7
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Lyu X, Ciampi S. Improving the performances of direct-current triboelectric nanogenerators with surface chemistry. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lu Y, Shen R, Yu X, Yuan D, Zheng H, Yan Y, Liu C, Yang Z, Feng L, Li L, Lin S. Hot Carrier Transport and Carrier Multiplication Induced High Performance Vertical Graphene/Silicon Dynamic Diode Generator. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200642. [PMID: 35607294 PMCID: PMC9313483 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic semiconductor diode generators (DDGs) offer a potential portable and miniaturized energy source, with the advantages of high current density, low internal impedance, and independence of the rectification circuit. However, the output voltage of DDGs is generally as low as 0.1-1 V, owing to energy loss during carrier transport and inefficient carrier collection, which requires further optimization and a deeper understanding of semiconductor physical properties. Therefore, this study proposes a vertical graphene/silicon DDG to regulate the performance by realizing hot carrier transport and collection. With instant contact and separation of the graphene and silicon, hot carriers are generated by the rebounding process of built-in electric fields in dynamic graphene/silicon diodes, which can be collected within the ultralong hot electron lifetime of graphene. In particular, monolayer graphene/silicon DDG outputs a high voltage of 6.1 V as result of ultrafast carrier transport between the monolayer graphene and silicon. Furthermore, a high current of 235.6 nA is generated due to the carrier multiplication in graphene. A voltage of 17.5 V is achieved under series connection, indicating the potential to supply electronic systems through integration design. The graphene/silicon DDG has applications as an in situ energy source for harvesting mechanical energy from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghua Lu
- College of MicroelectronicsCollege of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Runjiang Shen
- College of MicroelectronicsCollege of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Xutao Yu
- College of MicroelectronicsCollege of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Deyi Yuan
- College of MicroelectronicsCollege of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Haonan Zheng
- College of MicroelectronicsCollege of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Yan
- College of MicroelectronicsCollege of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of MicroelectronicsCollege of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Zunshan Yang
- College of MicroelectronicsCollege of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Lixuan Feng
- College of MicroelectronicsCollege of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Linjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Shisheng Lin
- College of MicroelectronicsCollege of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
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Benner M, Yang R, Lin L, Liu M, Li H, Liu J. Mechanism of In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Tribovoltaic Direct-Current Transport with a Metal/Oxide/Metal Dynamic Heterojunction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2968-2978. [PMID: 34990542 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial layer engineering has been demonstrated as an effective strategy for boosting power output in semiconductor-based dynamic direct-current (DC) generators, although the underlying mechanism of power enhancement remains obscure. Here, such ambiguity has been elucidated by comparing fundamental tribovoltaic DC output characteristics of prototypical metal-oxide-metal heterojunctions prepared by atomic-layer deposition (ALD) with a vertical (out-of-plane carrier transport through the interfacial layer) and a horizontal (in-plane carrier transport along the interfacial layer) configuration such that the influences from nonequilibrium electronic excitation and interfacial capacitive amplification can be individually tuned and investigated. It is found in the case of Al/TiO2/Ti vertical configurations that the open-circuit voltage (VOC) increases linearly from -0.03 to -0.52 V as the thickness of titanium oxide (tTiO2) increases from 0 to 200 nm with a linear amplification coefficient of -2.31 mV nm-1, which is validated by a parallel-capacitor theoretical model with tribovoltaic electronic excitation. In contrast, the VOC output with the horizontal configuration is ∼55 mV, where the potential difference is merely associated with the accumulation of surface charges and the subsequent charge rearrangement in the depletion region. Meanwhile, it is measured that the short-circuit current density (JSC) shows an initial increasing trend when tTiO2 increases, reaches its peak value at 0.21 A m-2 at tTiO2 = 20 nm, and then decreases as tTiO2 increases further. From current-voltage (I-V) characterization, it is proposed that such DC output variation with an optimal interfacial layer thickness stems from the competition of amplified voltage and increased resistance with increasing interfacial layer thickness, with the main charge transport mechanism switching from quantum tunneling to thermionic emission/trap-assisted transport. In contrast, tribovoltaic excitation is proven to be significantly weaker when a wide band-gap insulator (Al2O3) is involved. The elucidation of the fundamental mechanism of power enhancement by the interfacial layer in this work is of great significance in providing instructional direction for the development and optimization of high-performance DC nanogenerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Benner
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Ruizhe Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Leqi Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Maomao Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Huamin Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- RENEW (Research and Education in Energy, Environment and Water) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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Pyroelectric Nanogenerator Based on an SbSI-TiO 2 Nanocomposite. SENSORS 2021; 22:s22010069. [PMID: 35009611 PMCID: PMC8747714 DOI: 10.3390/s22010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, a composite of ferroelectric antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) nanowires and non-ferroelectric titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles was applied as a pyroelectric nanogenerator. SbSI nanowires were fabricated under ultrasonic treatment. Sonochemical synthesis was performed in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles. The mean lateral dimension da = 68(2) nm and the length La = 2.52(7) µm of the SbSI nanowires were determined. TiO2 nanoparticles served as binders in the synthesized nanocomposite, which allowed for the preparation of dense films via the simple drop-casting method. The SbSI–TiO2 nanocomposite film was sandwiched between gold and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. The Curie temperature of TC = 294(2) K was evaluated and confirmed to be consistent with the data reported in the literature for ferroelectric SbSI. The SbSI–TiO2 device was subjected to periodic thermal fluctuations. The measured pyroelectric signals were highly correlated with the temperature change waveforms. The magnitude of the pyroelectric current was found to be a linear function of the temperature change rate. The high value of the pyroelectric coefficient p = 264(7) nC/(cm2·K) was determined for the SbSI–TiO2 nanocomposite. When the rate of temperature change was equal dT/dt = 62.5 mK/s, the maximum and average surface power densities of the SbSI–TiO2 nanogenerator reached 8.39(2) and 2.57(2) µW/m2, respectively.
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11
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Yu X, Zheng H, Lu Y, Shen R, Yan Y, Hao Z, Yang Y, Lin S. Wind driven semiconductor electricity generator with high direct current output based on a dynamic Schottky junction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19106-19112. [PMID: 35478643 PMCID: PMC9033573 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02308j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
With the fast development of the internet of things (IoTs), distributed sensors are frequently used and small and portable power sources are highly demanded. However, current portable power sources such as lithium batteries have low capacity and need to be replaced or recharged frequently. A portable power source which can continuously generate electrical power in situ will be an ideal solution. Herein, we demonstrate a wind driven semiconductor electricity generator based on a dynamic Schottky junction, which can output a continuous direct current with an average value of 4.4 mA (with a maximum value of 8.4 mA) over 740 seconds. Compared with a previous metal/semiconductor generator, the output current is one thousand times higher. Furthermore, this wind driven generator has been used as a turn counter, due to its stable output, and also to drive a graphene ultraviolet photodetector, which shows a responsivity of 35.8 A W-1 under 365 nm ultraviolet light. Our research provides a feasible method to achieve wind power generation and power supply for distributed sensors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutao Yu
- College of Microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Haonan Zheng
- College of Microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yanghua Lu
- College of Microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Runjiang Shen
- College of Microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yanfei Yan
- College of Microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhenzhen Hao
- College of Microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yiwei Yang
- Electric Power Research Institute of China Southern Power Grid Guangzhou Guangdong 510663 China
| | - Shisheng Lin
- College of Microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China .,State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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