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Wu H, Luo R, Li Z, Tian Y, Yuan J, Su B, Zhou K, Yan C, Shi Y. Additively Manufactured Flexible Liquid Metal-Coated Self-Powered Magnetoelectric Sensors with High Design Freedom. Adv Mater 2023:e2307546. [PMID: 38145802 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Although additive manufacturing enables controllable structural design and customized performance for magnetoelectric sensors, their design and fabrication still require careful matching of the size and modulus between the magnetic and conductive components. Achieving magnetoelectric integration remains challenging, and the rigid coils limit the flexibility of the sensors. To overcome these obstacles, this study proposes a composite process combining selective laser sintering (SLS) and 3D transfer printing for fabricating flexible liquid metal-coated magnetoelectric sensors. The liquid metal forms a conformal conductive network on the SLS-printed magnetic lattice structure. Deformation of the structure alters the magnetic flux passing through it, thereby generating voltage. A reverse model segmentation and summation method is established to calculate the theoretical magnetic flux. The impact of the volume fraction, unit size, and height of the sensors on the voltage is studied, and optimization of these factors yields a maximum voltage of 45.6 µV. The sensor has excellent sensing performance with a sensitivity of 10.9 kPa-1 and a minimum detection pressure of 0.1 kPa. The voltage can be generated through various external forces. This work presents a significant advancement in fabricating liquid metal-based magnetoelectric sensors by improving their structural flexibility, magnetoelectric integration, and design freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ruiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhuofan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Tian
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiayi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Bin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chunze Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
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Nguyen QT, Vu DL, Le CD, Ahn KK. Enhancing the Performance of Triboelectric Generator: A Novel Approach Using Solid-Liquid Interface-Treated Foam and Metal Contacts. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102392. [PMID: 37242966 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This work introduces a novel approach for enhancing the performance of a triboelectric generator (TEG) by using a solid-liquid interface-treated foam (SLITF) as its active layer, combined with two metal contacts of different work functions. SLITF is made by absorbing water into a cellulose foam, which enables charges generated by friction energy during the sliding motion to be separated and transferred through the conductive path formed by the hydrogen-bonded network of water molecules. Unlike traditional TEGs, the SLITF-TEG demonstrates an impressive current density of 3.57 A/m2 and can harvest electric power up to 0.174 W/m2 with an induced voltage of approximately 0.55 V. The device generates a direct current in the external circuit, eliminating the limitations of low current density and alternating current found in traditional TEGs. By connecting six-unit cells of SLITF-TEG in series and parallel, the peak voltage and current can be increased up to 3.2 V and 12.5 mA, respectively. Furthermore, the SLITF-TEG has the potential to serve as a self-powered vibration sensor with high accuracy (R2 = 0.99). The findings demonstrate the significant potential of the SLITF-TEG approach for efficiently harvesting low-frequency mechanical energy from the natural environment, with broad implications for a range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Tan Nguyen
- Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93, Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy Linh Vu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93, Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chau Duy Le
- Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93, Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Kwan Ahn
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93, Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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