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Goh WT, Drew J. Stifle arthrodesis in a feline pelvic limb amputee. JFMS Open Rep 2024; 10:20551169231217837. [PMID: 38223301 PMCID: PMC10785732 DOI: 10.1177/20551169231217837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Case summary A domestic shorthair cat presented to the Animal Referral Hospital (Brisbane, Australia) after having the left pelvic limb incorrectly amputated. The cat was unable to ambulate on the remaining right pelvic limb due to a chronically subluxated stifle. A stifle arthrodesis was performed on the right pelvic limb to manage the injury. Follow-up radiographs performed 5 months postoperatively demonstrated stifle arthrodesis with no detectable complications. The owner reported that aside from some difficulties in toileting, the cat had a good quality of life and was capable of performing the majority of daily activities. Stifle arthrodesis in a feline pelvic limb amputee appears to be a viable treatment option. After a period of rehabilitation and adaptation, the cat in the case report has been able to lead a near-normal lifestyle. Relevance and novel information To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the outcome and complications associated with stifle arthrodesis in a feline pelvic limb amputee. This is also the first report of stifle arthrodesis in a cat using the bilateral plating technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tze Goh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Jarrod Drew
- Animal Referral Hospital, Sinnamon Park, QLD, Australia
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Bonardi A, Rovesti GL, Martini FM, Dondi F, Benedini D, Barbieri F. Comparison between Areas of Bone Visualization Using Radiolucent Hybrid Fixator Frames and Graphically Simulated Metallic Frames: An Ex Vivo Study. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030120. [PMID: 35324848 PMCID: PMC8951392 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the difference between the amount of bone visible with the superimposition of a radiolucent hybrid external fixator and a graphically simulated metallic frame. Eighteen frames were applied to eighteen bone specimens. The fracture area (FA), the radiolucent area (RLA) and the radiopaque area (ROA) inside the FA were calculated for each construct on both postoperative views. The ratio between the RLA and FA and between the ROA and FA was used to evaluate the amount of bone visible in the FA with a radiolucent and a radiopaque fixator, respectively. Finally, the areas of RLA and ROA were compared using the Wilcoxon test and Friedman test to evaluate the effect of the radiolucent material on the amount of bone visible. Differences were considered significant if p < 0.5. In every specimen p was <0.5. The amount of bone visible was significantly higher with the radiolucent frame compared to the radiopaque frame. Based on the results of this study, the use of radiolucent materials can be a valuable option for external fixation, in order to decrease the radiographic interference of the frame, allowing better assessment of fracture reduction and bone healing on postoperative radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonardi
- Ortovet stp srl, Piazza Alessandrini 2/D, 43036 Fidenza, Italy;
| | - Gian Luca Rovesti
- Clinica Veterinaria M. E. Miller, Via della Costituzione 10, 42025 Cavriago, Italy;
| | - Filippo Maria Martini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy;
| | - Davide Benedini
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Dr. Lelio Benedini, Viale dell’Industria 97, 36071 Arzignano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3493555415
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Petrovsky B, Knuth T, Aponte-Colón C, Hoefle W, Kraus K, Naiman J, Yuan L, Mochel JP, Zellner E. Short-term outcomes of 59 dogs treated for ilial body fractures with locking or non-locking plates. Vet Surg 2021; 50:1076-1086. [PMID: 33955036 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of plating systems on the clinical outcomes in dogs treated for ilial fractures. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS Fifty-nine dogs (63 hemipelves). METHODS Radiographs and medical records of dogs with ilial fractures presented to Iowa State University between 2003 and 2019 were reviewed. After fracture reduction, fractures were fixed with a locking plate system (LPS) or non-locking plate system (NLS). Perioperative, long-term complications, and follow-up data were recorded. The frequency of implant failure and pelvic collapse were compared using a logistic and linear regression analysis, respectively. Where the univariate test was statistically significant, a multivariate analysis across categories was performed to identify statistically different categories. RESULTS LPS and NLS implants were used in 25/63 and 38/63 hemipelves, respectively. Median follow-up time was 8 weeks (3-624 weeks). Implant failure occurred in 18/63 (29%) of fracture repairs, consisting of 17 with NLS and 1 with LPS. Revision surgery was recommended in five cases of implant failure, all with NLS. The probability of implant failure was higher when fractures were fixed with NLS (p = .0056). All other variables evaluated did not seem to influence outcome measures. CONCLUSION The variable with the most influence on the outcomes of dogs treated for ilial fractures consisted of the fixation method (NLS vs. LPS). Fractures repaired with NLS were nearly 20 times more likely to fail than those repaired with LPS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons should consider repairing ilial body fractures in dogs with LPS to reduce the risk of short-term implant failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Petrovsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Taylor Knuth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Cristina Aponte-Colón
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - William Hoefle
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Karl Kraus
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jaron Naiman
- Surgery Department, VCA Animal Specialty and Emergency Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lingnan Yuan
- Smart Pharmacology Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- Smart Pharmacology Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Eric Zellner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Muro NM, Gilley RS, Kemper AR, Benitez ME, Barry SL, McNally C. Stiffness of a type II external skeletal fixator and locking compression plate in a fracture gap model. Vet Surg 2021; 50:622-632. [PMID: 33404123 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the stiffness of constructs fixed with a type II external skeletal fixator (ESF) or a 3.5-mm locking compression plate (LCP) in axial compression and bending with a fracture gap model. STUDY DESIGN Quasi-static four-point bending and axial compression tests. SAMPLE POPULATION Ten LCP and 10 ESF immobilizing epoxy cylinders with a 40-mm fracture gap. METHODS Five constructs of each type were tested in nondestructive mediolateral (ML) four-point bending and then rotated and tested in nondestructive craniocaudal (CC) four-point bending. Five additional constructs of each type were tested in nondestructive axial compression. Stiffness was compared between loading modes by construct type and between construct types by loading mode. RESULTS Type II ESF were stiffer than LCP in ML bending (difference, 1474 N/mm, P < .0001) and in axial compression (difference, 458 N/mm, P = .008) but not in CC bending (P = .1673). Type II ESF were stiffer in ML bending than in CC bending (difference, 999 N/m, P < .0001), while LCP were stiffer in CC bending than in ML bending (difference, 634 N/mm, P < .0001). CONCLUSION Type II ESF generated stiffer constructs compared with LCP in ML bending and in axial compression without a difference in CC bending. External skeletal fixator and LCP bending stiffness varied by loading direction. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A type II ESF should be considered in a comminuted fracture requiring increased stability in ML and axial directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle M Muro
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Robert S Gilley
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee
| | - Andrew R Kemper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Center for Injury Biomechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Marian E Benitez
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Sabrina L Barry
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Craig McNally
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Center for Injury Biomechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
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Blakely JA, Butler JR, Priddy LB, McCabe EM, Avendaño JN, Elder SH, Wills R. Ex vivo biomechanical comparison of 2.7 mm string-of-pearl plate versus screw/wire/Polymethylmethacrylate composite fixation and 2.7 mm veterinary acetabular plate for repair of simulated canine acetabular fractures. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:287. [PMID: 31399093 PMCID: PMC6688321 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acetabular fractures comprise 12–30% of canine pelvic fractures and require accurate anatomic reduction and rigid stability to ensure proper healing and minimize future osteoarthritis. Many techniques have been used to repair these fractures, with common techniques including veterinary acetabular plates or use of screw/wire/polymethylmethacrylate constructs. String-of-Pearl™ plating systems have also been used clinically but there is a lack of research supporting their use for these fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare fracture reduction accuracy, biomechanical characteristics, and mode of failure between String-of-Pearls™, veterinary acetabular plates, screw/wire/polymethylmethacrylate constructs in a simulated, ex-vivo acetabular fracture model. We hypothesized that the String-of-Pearls™ constructs would have equivalent or greater mechanical properties and reduction compared to the other constructs. Results The mean craniocaudal acetabular diameter before fixation (mean 25.2 mm; range 20 mm – 30.1 mm) was not significantly different from after fixation (mean 23.9 mm; range 20 mm – 28.3 mm) for any fixation method. Comparison of reduction scores between groups revealed no significant differences. No significant differences were noted for cyclical displacement or stiffness. There was significant difference with superior failure load of String-of-Pearls™ compared to screw/wire/polymethylmethacrylate in the 75th percentile of animal weight (P = 0.0021), and superior failure load of String-of-Pearls™ compared to veterinary acetabular plates in the 50th (P = 0.0232) and 75th percentiles (P = 0.0058). Stiffness of the String-of-Pearls™ construct was significantly greater than the veterinary acetabular plate construct (P = 0.0417). For ultimate load, String-of-Pearls™ constructs were significantly greater than screw/wire/polymethylmethacrylate (P = 0.0331) and veterinary acetabular plates (P = 0.0218). Conclusion Although the ease of application for the String-of-Pearls™ implant was subjectively better than other implants, no significant differences were found in fracture reduction scores. The String-of-Pearls™ constructs were stiffer than veterinary acetabular plates and exhibited greater failure and ultimate loads compared to veterinary acetabular plates and screw/wire/polymethylmethacrylate fixations. The String-of-Pearls™ implant appears to be a suitable fixation choice for simple canine acetabular fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Blakely
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Wise Center Drive, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - James R Butler
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Wise Center Drive, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - Lauren B Priddy
- Mississippi State University College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Box 9632, 130 Creelman Street, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Emily M McCabe
- Mississippi State University College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Box 9632, 130 Creelman Street, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Javier N Avendaño
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Wise Center Drive, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Steve H Elder
- Mississippi State University College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Box 9632, 130 Creelman Street, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Robert Wills
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Wise Center Drive, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
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Craig A, Witte PG, Moody T, Harris K, Scott HW. Management of feline tibial diaphyseal fractures using orthogonal plates performed via minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis. J Feline Med Surg 2018; 20:6-14. [PMID: 29172864 PMCID: PMC11129210 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x17692470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The objective was to assess the medium- and long-term outcomes (radiographic and owner questionnaire) of feline tibial diaphyseal fractures with orthogonal plate fixation via a minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) approach. Methods Medical records and radiographs of cats that had tibial diaphyseal fractures stabilised with orthogonal plates were obtained (2012-2016). Immediate postoperative radiographs were reviewed to assess the construct configuration and follow-up radiographs (where available) were used to assess bone healing and implant-related complications. An owner-completed questionnaire (feline musculoskeletal pain index [FMPI]) was used at a minimum of 6 months following surgery to assess the cats' ability to perform normal activities. Results Eight feline tibial diaphyseal fractures met the inclusion criteria. One major complication was observed, most likely due to an operative technical error. There were no further complications following revision surgery. Six of the eight cases that had radiographic follow-up either had clinical bone union or showed evidence of bone healing. All cases were classified as successful according to FMPI. Conclusions and relevance Orthogonal plating of feline tibial diaphyseal fractures via an MIPO approach resulted in successful outcomes and a lower complication rate compared with previously reported techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Craig
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Hangersley Ringwood, UK
| | - Philip G Witte
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Hangersley Ringwood, UK
| | - Tristram Moody
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Hangersley Ringwood, UK
| | - Karen Harris
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Hangersley Ringwood, UK
| | - Harry W Scott
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Hangersley Ringwood, UK
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Effect of headless compression screw on construct stability for centre of rotation and angulation-based levelling osteotomy. Biomechanical testing in flexion and torsion. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017. [PMID: 28636055 DOI: 10.3415/vcot-16-09-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the biomechanical properties of bone and implant constructs when used for the centre of rotation and angulation (CORA) based levelling osteotomy, with and without implantation of a trans-osteotomy headless compression screw tested under three-point flexural and torsional forces; thereby determining the contribution of a trans-osteotomy headless compression screw with regards to stability of the construct. METHODS Experimental biomechanical study utilizing 12 pairs of cadaveric canine tibias. Using the CORA based levelling osteotomy (CBLO) procedure, the osteotomy was stabilized with either a standard non-locking CBLO bone plate augmented with a headless compression screw (HCS) or a CBLO bone plate alone. Tibial constructs were mechanically tested in three-point craniocaudal flexural testing or in torsion. RESULTS In three-point flexural testing, the difference between the two constructs was not significant. In torsion, the difference in the angle of failure between constructs with a HCS (48.46°) and constructs without a HCS (81.65°) was significant (p = 0.036). Maximum torque achieved by constructs with a HCS (21.7 Nm) was greater than those without (18.7 Nm) (p = 0.056). Stiffness differences between both groups in torsion and bending were not significant. Use of a HCS did increase the stability of the CBLO construct in torsional testing, but not in flexural testing.
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Kenzig AR, Butler JR, Priddy LB, Lacy KR, Elder SH. A biomechanical comparison of conventional dynamic compression plates and string-of-pearls™ locking plates using cantilever bending in a canine Ilial fracture model. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:222. [PMID: 28705189 PMCID: PMC5508706 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fracture of the ilium is common orthopedic injury that often requires surgical stabilization in canine patients. Of the various methods of surgical stabilization available, application of a lateral bone plate to the ilium is the most common method of fixation. Many plating options are available, each having its own advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical properties of a 3.5 mm String-of-Pearls™ plate and a 3.5 mm dynamic compression plate in a cadaveric canine ilial fracture model. Hemipelves were tested in cantilever bending to failure and construct stiffness, yield load, displacement at yield, ultimate load, and mode of failure were compared. Results The mean stiffness of dynamic compression plate (116 ± 47 N/mm) and String-of-Pearls™ plate (107 ± 18 N/mm) constructs, mean yield load of dynamic compression plate (793 ± 333 N) and String-of-Pearls™ plate (860 ± 207 N) constructs, mean displacement at yield of dynamic compression plate (8.6 ± 3.0 mm) and String-of-Pearls™ plate (10.2 ± 2.8 mm) constructs, and ultimate load at failure of dynamic compression plate (936 ± 320 N) and String-of-Pearls™ plate (939 ± 191 N) constructs were not significantly different. No differences were found between constructs with respect to mode of failure. Conclusions No significant biomechanical differences were found between String-of-Pearls™ plate and dynamic compression plate constructs in this simplified cadaveric canine ilial fracture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Kenzig
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Wise Center Drive, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - James R Butler
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Wise Center Drive, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - Lauren B Priddy
- Mississippi State University College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Box 9632, 130 Creelman Street, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Kristen R Lacy
- Mississippi State University College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Box 9632, 130 Creelman Street, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Steven H Elder
- Mississippi State University College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Box 9632, 130 Creelman Street, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
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Comments on torsional testing. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2015; 28:459. [PMID: 26424031 DOI: 10.3415/vcot-15-09-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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