Facilitators and barriers to condom use among Filipinos: A systematic review of literature

Type of Sex Education in Childhood and Adolescence: Influence on Young People's Sexual Experimentation, Risk and Satisfaction: The Necessity of Establishing School Nursing as a Pillar

The aim is to identify the source of sexuality education used during childhood and adolescence and to analyse whether this education influences their sexual attitudes, their ability to cope with unwanted situations they experience and their satisfaction with their sexual lives. This is a non-experimental, quantitative, ex post facto, cross-sectional study. The sample is formed of 675 young people, with 50% of the ages included being between 20 (Quartile 1) and 22 (Quartile 3) years. The data collection was done by means of an online questionnaire, including sociodemographic and Likert questions about their sex life. Fisher "Independence Contrasts"and correlations were used to see and quantify the relationship among the variables. The main source of education was pornography (29.3%) and the internet (12.4%). The source of education has a significant relationship with whether the use of contraceptives is accepted or not (p < 0.001), refusal to use contraceptives (p < 0.001), engaging in risky sexual practices (p < 0.001), facing unwanted sexual situations (p < 0.001) and dissatisfaction with their sex life (p < 0.001). It is necessary that children and adolescents have sex education in safe environments, such as in a home or school setting, and the school nurse plays a vital part in this education. This would reduce the need for adolescents and young people to use the internet and pornography as a source of education. School nurses should be the educational axis to offer children and adolescents a reliable point of information about sex education. A joint work with teachers, nurses, students and parents would contribute positively to reduce the number of risky situations young people are facing, and it would promote and improve healthy attitudes towards sex and interpersonal relationships.

Sexual Behaviors Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Other Sexual and Gender Diverse Medical Students: A National Study of Thai Medical Schools

Objective

This study aims to investigate sexual behaviors among gender diverse (LGBT and other sexual/gender minorities) and nongender-diverse medical students.

Methods

In 2021 academic year, medical students from five Thai medical schools completed questionnaires identifying demographic data, psychosexual factors, sexual experiences, and risks.

Results

Among 1,322 students, 32.1% were gender-diverse students who had lower age at first sexual intercourse and more experiences in solitary and partnered sexual activity.

Conclusions

Use of hookup applications was more frequent among gay and bisexual males. Risky sexual behaviors were significantly higher among bisexual females. Gender-diverse medical students showed higher involvement in sexual activities. Future studies should be addressing sexual health in Thai medical education.

Prevalence and factors associated with condom use among sexually active young women in Haiti: evidence from the 2016/17 Haiti demographic and health survey

BACKGROUND

Young women in Haiti remain vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. However, little is known about condom use among this population. This study examined the prevalence and the factors associated with condom use among sexually active young women in Haiti.

METHODS

Data from the 2016/17 Haiti demographic and health survey were used. The prevalence and the factors associated with condom use among sexually active young women in Haiti were assessed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model.

RESULTS

The prevalence of condom use was 15.4% (95% CI 14.0-16.8). Being teenage (AOR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.04-1.74), living in urban areas (AOR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.04-1.90), having higher education level (AOR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.44-4.00), being in the middle or rich category of household wealth index (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.53-3.53 and AOR = 2.93; 95% CI: 1.90-4.52), having correct knowledge of ovulatory cycle (AOR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.30-2.10), having 2-3 lifetime sexual partners and one lifetime sexual partner (AOR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.36-3.06 and AOR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.35-3.17) had significantly higher odds of using condom. In addition, sexually active young women whose last partner was their boyfriend (AOR = 4.38; 95% CI: 2.82-6.81), and those whose last partner was a friend/casual acquaintance/commercial sex worker (AOR = 5.29; 95% CI: 2.18-12.85) were associated with increased likelihood of using condom compared with their counterparts whose partner was their spouse.

CONCLUSION

The Haitian government as well as institutions involved in sexual health should consider these factors when designing sexual and reproductive health interventions targeting young women. More specifically, to increase condom use and reduce risky sexual behaviors, they should combine efforts to raise awareness and induce sexual behavioral changes at two levels. In the education system, they should reinforce sexual education in primary and secondary schools while paying special attention to rural areas. In the whole society, it is important to deepen efforts toward increased awareness on family planning and condom use, through mass media and local organizations including religious ones. Priority should be given to the poorer households, young people and women, and rural areas, in order to maximize reduction in early and unintended pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infections. Interventions should include a condom price subsidy and a campaign to destigmatize condom use which is actually a "male affair".

Consistent Condom Use and Associated Factors among sexually active Military Personnel in Eastern Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study Design

Background

A condom is a latex-based device used to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Despite condom availability and promotion for use in STI prevention, consistent condom use remains too low in Ethiopia. A significant proportion of Ethiopian military personnel had multiple sexual partners, with lower rates of condom use with non-regular sexual partners. As a result, determining the pattern of condom use and the factors associated with it among military personnel is critical.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate consistent condom use and associated factors among sexually active military personnel in Eastern Ethiopia from February 1 to 28, 2020.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 327 sexually active military personnel. To select the study participants, a systematic sampling technique was used. The data were entered into EpiData and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 for analysis. To identify factors associated with condom use, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used, and the strength of the association was measured using odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI), with P-values less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results

The overall prevalence of consistent condom uses over one year by the respondents was 59.9% (95% CI: 54, 65). Study participants with an age of 30–35 years old (AOR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.43, 11.38), above 35 years old (AOR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.83, 9.30), college and above in educational status (AOR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.20, 5.43), Officer in military rank (AOR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.14, 10.15) and other military ranks (AOR = 3.08; 2.33, 8.52) were factors facilitate the use of condom consistently.

Conclusion

In this study, two in every five military personnel use condoms inconsistently. Designing appropriate intervention and behavioral change strategies, as well as increasing the accessibility and availability of condoms around military camps, will undoubtedly have a significant impact on consistent condom utilization.

Determinants of consistent condom use among Filipino women: Results from the 2017 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey

BACKGROUND

Consistent condom use in women, defined as the self-reported usage of male condom in every sexual encounter of the respondent with her most recent partner in the last 12 months, had been perennially low in the Philippines. This is despite consistent condom use being a tested and proven public health intervention to prevent unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Considering the high fertility rate, teenage pregnancy rate, and the rapidly increasing incidence of HIV in the country, we identified the determinants of consistent condom use in the Philippines.

METHODS

We used data from the individual recode of the 2017 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey. We used logistic regression for survey data to identify factors associated with consistent condom use.

RESULTS

Out of 25,074 respondents, only 261 (1.13%) have used condoms consistently with their most recent partner. Reach of information and education campaigns on contraceptive use via different media ranged from 62% via television to 7% via short messaging service. After adjusting for confounders, those who were able to ask their partners to use condoms during sexual intercourse have 6.18 times (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 6.18; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 2.02. 18.94) greater odds of consistent condom use than those who were unable to ask their partners to use condoms during sexual intercourse. Meanwhile, HIV knowledge (aOR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.38) and hearing about contraception in television (aOR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.38) have weaker associations with consistent condom use.

CONCLUSIONS

The low percentage of those who use condoms consistently, together with the low reach of information and education campaigns, highlight the need to implement multi-faceted and context-specific interventions to promote sexual agency and/or consistent condom use to address the burden of unwanted pregnancies and HIV in the Philippines.

Subjective culture and HIV preventive behaviour among young Latin Americans: a systematic review

Given high levels of new HIV infection globally, calls have been made for greater attention to the cultural variables that hinder prevention and testing. However, no reviews exist to systematise the findings. This study aimed to identify the cultural variables associated with three HIV preventive behaviours (condom use, HIV testing behaviour, and injection drug use with non-shared or sterilised syringes) among young Latin Americans. A systematic review was conducted guided by PRISMA-P criteria, on five databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Medline and Scielo), which identified 2474 articles. Scientific articles and empirical studies that addressed cultural variables and HIV preventive behaviours among young people aged 15-24 years of age using Latin American samples were selected, with 37 articles being included in the final review. Six key cultural variables: the importance of female virginity; the role of trust in the couple's relationship; the disorienting effects of romantic love; the role of subjective norms; the importance of decision-making norms; and impulse control beliefs. Gender norms provide a framework for understanding sexual decision-making among young Latin Americans. Although young people have begun to adopt more egalitarian views of gender norms, deep-rooted beliefs about gender, sexuality and relationships continue to impact on HIV prevention behaviour.

The Mediating Role of Sexual Self-Efficacy on Protected Sex

BACKGROUND

Ascribed traditional gender role has rarely been examined in the topical area of protected sex.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between HIV knowledge, ascribed cultural gender roles of machismo and marianismo, acculturation, attitudes toward risky sexual behaviors and sexual self-efficacy on protected sex, and the mediating effect of sexual self-efficacy between these predictors and protected sex.

METHODS

Part of a larger study, Hispanic college students from a Hispanic-serving institution in a U.S. southern border city were recruited.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

Sexual self-efficacy was found a significant mitigating factor against sexual risks associated with machismo as well as a positive reinforcing element on attitudes toward protected sex. Study findings have implications toward the development of culturally sensitive evidence-based interventions that promote sexual self-efficacy skills among Hispanic males who strongly identify with culturally ascribed gender roles.

Development and Evidence of the Validity of the Condom Use Attitudes Scale for Youth and Adults in a Chilean Context

Condom use is the most effective preventive behavior against HIV transmission, and its inadequate use is a public health problem that occurs mostly among youth and young adults. Although there are scales that measure condom use, those that exist correspond to English-speaking developments or do not have psychometric evidence to support them, so it is possible that the available adaptations of instruments do not adequately reflect the phenomenon in the Chilean population. Thus, the study aims to develop a scale to assess attitudes toward condom use in Chilean youth and young adults. Initially, a sample of students between 18 and 39 years (n = 520) was used for debugging the instrument. Then, a second sample was taken from the general population aged 18 to 40 (n = 992) to confirm the factor structure of the proposed model. The final scale has 10 items and 3 attitudinal dimensions (affective, cognitive, and behavioral). The results show that the identified structure provides adequate levels (ω > 0.7) or at least sufficient of reliability (ω > 0.6) and presents evidence of validity, based on the internal structure of the test, through ESEM (CFI = 0.993; TLI = 0.984; RMSEA = 0.056). In addition, evidence of validity was obtained based on the relationship with other variables and strong invariance between the scores of men and women. It is concluded that the scale developed has adequate psychometric properties to assess, in brief form, condom use attitudes in equal samples for research and screening purposes.