Species Diversity of Russuloid Mycorrhizae-forming Fungi on Pinus yunnanensis Seedlings and the Mycorrhizal Morphology

Taxonomic revision of Russula subsection Amoeninae from South Korea

RussulasubsectionAmoeninae is morphologically defined by a dry velvety pileus surface, a complete absence of cystidia with heteromorphous contents in all tissues, and spores without amyloid suprahilar spot. Thirty-four species within subsection Amoeninae have been published worldwide. Although most Russula species in South Korea have been assigned European or North American names, recent molecular studies have shown that Russula species from different continents are not conspecific. Therefore, the present study aims to: 1) define which species of RussulasubsectionAmoeninae occur on each continent using molecular phylogenetic analyses; 2) revise the taxonomy of Korean Amoeninae. The phylogenetic analyses using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and multilocus sequences showed that subsection Amoeninae is monophyletic within subgenus HeterophyllidiaesectionHeterophyllae. A total of 21 RussulasubsectionAmoeninae species were confirmed from Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and Central America, and species from different continents formed separate clades. Three species were recognized from South Korea and were clearly separated from the European and North American species. These species are R.bella, also reported from Japan, a new species described herein, Russulaorientipurpurea, and a new species undescribed due to insufficient material.