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López-González I, Hernández-Heredia AB, Rodríguez-López MI, Auñón-Calles D, Boudifa M, Gabaldón JA, Meseguer-Olmo L. Evaluation of the In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis of a Novel 3D-Printed Degradable Drug Delivery System Based on Polycaprolactone/Chitosan/Vancomycin-Preclinical Study. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1763. [PMID: 37376211 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic bone infections, especially those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), remains a major complication and therapeutic challenge. It is documented that local administration of vancomycin offers better results than the usual routes of administration (e.g., intravenous) when ischemic areas are present. In this work, we evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy against S. aureus and S. epidermidis of a novel hybrid 3D-printed scaffold based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and a chitosan (CS) hydrogel loaded with different vancomycin (Van) concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20%). Two cold plasma treatments were used to improve the adhesion of CS hydrogels to the PCL scaffolds by decreasing PCL hydrophobicity. Vancomycin release was measured by means of HPLC, and the biological response of ah-BM-MSCs growing in the presence of the scaffolds was evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. The PCL/CS/Van scaffolds tested were found to be biocompatible, bioactive, and bactericide, as demonstrated by no cytotoxicity (LDH activity) or functional alteration (ALP activity, alizarin red staining) of the cultured cells and by bacterial inhibition. Our results suggest that the scaffolds developed would be excellent candidates for use in a wide range of biomedical fields such as drug delivery systems or tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván López-González
- Tissue Regeneration and Repair Group: Orthobiology, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCAM-Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Hernández-Heredia
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, UCAM-Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Isabel Rodríguez-López
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, UCAM-Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - David Auñón-Calles
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, UCAM-Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mohamed Boudifa
- CRITT-Matériaux Innovation, 9 Rue Claude Chrétien, Campus Sup Ardenne, 08000 Charleville-Mézières, France
| | - José Antonio Gabaldón
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, UCAM-Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Meseguer-Olmo
- Tissue Regeneration and Repair Group: Orthobiology, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCAM-Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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2
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Duan WL, Zhang LN, Bohara R, Martin-Saldaña S, Yang F, Zhao YY, Xie Y, Bu YZ, Pandit A. Adhesive hydrogels in osteoarthritis: from design to application. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:4. [PMID: 36710340 PMCID: PMC9885614 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of degenerative joint disease which affects 7% of the global population and more than 500 million people worldwide. One research frontier is the development of hydrogels for OA treatment, which operate either as functional scaffolds of tissue engineering or as delivery vehicles of functional additives. Both approaches address the big challenge: establishing stable integration of such delivery systems or implants. Adhesive hydrogels provide possible solutions to this challenge. However, few studies have described the current advances in using adhesive hydrogel for OA treatment. This review summarizes the commonly used hydrogels with their adhesion mechanisms and components. Additionally, recognizing that OA is a complex disease involving different biological mechanisms, the bioactive therapeutic strategies are also presented. By presenting the adhesive hydrogels in an interdisciplinary way, including both the fields of chemistry and biology, this review will attempt to provide a comprehensive insight for designing novel bioadhesive systems for OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Lin Duan
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Li-Ning Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Raghvendra Bohara
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Sergio Martin-Saldaña
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Fei Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi-Yang Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Ya-Zhong Bu
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
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3
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Hodge JG, Zamierowski DS, Robinson JL, Mellott AJ. Evaluating polymeric biomaterials to improve next generation wound dressing design. Biomater Res 2022; 26:50. [PMID: 36183134 PMCID: PMC9526981 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic series of interconnected events with the ultimate goal of promoting neotissue formation and restoration of anatomical function. Yet, the complexity of wound healing can often result in development of complex, chronic wounds, which currently results in a significant strain and burden to our healthcare system. The advancement of new and effective wound care therapies remains a critical issue, with the current therapeutic modalities often remaining inadequate. Notably, the field of tissue engineering has grown significantly in the last several years, in part, due to the diverse properties and applications of polymeric biomaterials. The interdisciplinary cohesion of the chemical, biological, physical, and material sciences is pertinent to advancing our current understanding of biomaterials and generating new wound care modalities. However, there is still room for closing the gap between the clinical and material science realms in order to more effectively develop novel wound care therapies that aid in the treatment of complex wounds. Thus, in this review, we discuss key material science principles in the context of polymeric biomaterials, provide a clinical breadth to discuss how these properties affect wound dressing design, and the role of polymeric biomaterials in the innovation and design of the next generation of wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Hodge
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - David S Zamierowski
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jennifer L Robinson
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Mail Stop: 3051, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Lawrence, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Adam J Mellott
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Puertas-Bartolomé M, Mora-Boza A, García-Fernández L. Emerging Biofabrication Techniques: A Review on Natural Polymers for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1209. [PMID: 33918049 PMCID: PMC8069319 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers have been widely used for biomedical applications in recent decades. They offer the advantages of resembling the extracellular matrix of native tissues and retaining biochemical cues and properties necessary to enhance their biocompatibility, so they usually improve the cellular attachment and behavior and avoid immunological reactions. Moreover, they offer a rapid degradability through natural enzymatic or chemical processes. However, natural polymers present poor mechanical strength, which frequently makes the manipulation processes difficult. Recent advances in biofabrication, 3D printing, microfluidics, and cell-electrospinning allow the manufacturing of complex natural polymer matrixes with biophysical and structural properties similar to those of the extracellular matrix. In addition, these techniques offer the possibility of incorporating different cell lines into the fabrication process, a revolutionary strategy broadly explored in recent years to produce cell-laden scaffolds that can better mimic the properties of functional tissues. In this review, the use of 3D printing, microfluidics, and electrospinning approaches has been extensively investigated for the biofabrication of naturally derived polymer scaffolds with encapsulated cells intended for biomedical applications (e.g., cell therapies, bone and dental grafts, cardiovascular or musculoskeletal tissue regeneration, and wound healing).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Puertas-Bartolomé
- INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ana Mora-Boza
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, 2310 IBB Building, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis García-Fernández
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Kirsch M, Herder AC, Boudot C, Karau A, Rach J, Handke W, Seltsam A, Scheper T, Lavrentieva A. Xeno-Free In Vitro Cultivation and Osteogenic Differentiation of hAD-MSCs on Resorbable 3D Printed RESOMER ®. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153399. [PMID: 32752065 PMCID: PMC7436127 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of alloplastic resorbable materials can revolutionize the field of implantation technology in regenerative medicine. Additional opportunities to colonize the three-dimensionally (3D) printed constructs with the patient’s own cells prior to implantation can improve the regeneration process but requires optimization of cultivation protocols. Human platelet lysate (hPL) has already proven to be a suitable replacement for fetal calf serum (FCS) in 2D and 3D cell cultures. In this study, we investigated the in vitro biocompatibility of the printed RESOMER® Filament LG D1.75 materials as well as the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) cultivated on 3D printed constructs under the influence of different medium supplements (FCS, human serum (HS) and hPL). Additionally, the in vitro degradation of the material was studied over six months. We demonstrated that LG D1.75 is biocompatible and has no in vitro cytotoxic effects on hMSCs. Furthermore, hMSCs grown on the constructs could be differentiated into osteoblasts, especially supported by supplementation with hPL. Over six months under physiological in vitro conditions, a distinct degradation was observed, which, however, had no influence on the biocompatibility of the material. Thus, the overall suitability of the material LG D1.75 to produce 3D printed, resorbable bone implants and the promising use of hPL in the xeno-free cultivation of human MSCs on such implants for autologous transplantation have been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marline Kirsch
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (M.K.); (A.-C.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Annabelle-Christin Herder
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (M.K.); (A.-C.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Cécile Boudot
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Business Line Health Care, Kirschenallee, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (C.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Andreas Karau
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Business Line Health Care, Kirschenallee, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (C.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Jessica Rach
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Institute Springe, Eldagsener Straße 38, 31830 Springe, Germany;
| | - Wiebke Handke
- Bavarian Red Cross Blood Service, Institute Nuremberg, Heimerichstrasse 57, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (W.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Axel Seltsam
- Bavarian Red Cross Blood Service, Institute Nuremberg, Heimerichstrasse 57, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (W.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (M.K.); (A.-C.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (M.K.); (A.-C.H.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-762-2955
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Subbiah R, Guldberg RE. Materials Science and Design Principles of Growth Factor Delivery Systems in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801000. [PMID: 30398700 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors (GFs) are signaling molecules that direct cell development by providing biochemical cues for stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. GFs play a key role in tissue regeneration, but one major limitation of GF-based therapies is dosage-related adverse effects. Additionally, the clinical applications and efficacy of GFs are significantly affected by the efficiency of delivery systems and other pharmacokinetic factors. Hence, it is crucial to design delivery systems that provide optimal activity, stability, and tunable delivery for GFs. Understanding the physicochemical properties of the GFs and the biomaterials utilized for the development of biomimetic GF delivery systems is critical for GF-based regeneration. Many different delivery systems have been developed to achieve tunable delivery kinetics for single or multiple GFs. The identification of ideal biomaterials with tunable properties for spatiotemporal delivery of GFs is still challenging. This review characterizes the types, properties, and functions of GFs, the materials science of widely used biomaterials, and various GF loading strategies to comprehensively summarize the current delivery systems for tunable spatiotemporal delivery of GFs aimed for tissue regeneration applications. This review concludes by discussing fundamental design principles for GF delivery vehicles based on the interactive physicochemical properties of the proteins and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Subbiah
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact; 6231 University of Oregon; Eugene OR 97403 USA
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7
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Razavi M, Hu S, Thakor AS. A collagen based cryogel bioscaffold coated with nanostructured polydopamine as a platform for mesenchymal stem cell therapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2213-2228. [PMID: 29637738 PMCID: PMC6161703 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cryo-hydrogels (cryogels) are polymer hydrogels formed at sub-zero temperatures. Bioscaffolds created from cryogels have interconnected macropores which allow for cell migration, tissue-ingrowth, unhindered diffusion of solutes and mass transport of therapeutics. In this study, we developed collagen based cryogel bioscaffolds and coated them with polydopamine using a simple two-step technique. Cryogel bioscaffolds were synthesized by collagen crosslinking at -20°C and exhibited a macroporous interconnected architecture with 75% ± 3% porosity. Two groups of pore sizes were observed: 300 ± 50 µm and 30 ± 10 µm in diameter. The addition of a polydopamine coating to cryogel bioscaffolds was confirmed using composition analysis. This resulted in a 41% ± 5% decrease in water uptake, 81% ± 10% decrease in swelling rate and 12% ± 3% decrease in their degree of dissolution (p < 0.05), with a 48% ± 2% increase in stiffness and 57% ± 5% increase in compressive strength (p < 0.05). Seeding adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) into polydopamine coated-cryogel bioscaffolds resulted in cells demonstrating a 52% ± 4% increase in viability and 33% ± 3% increase in proliferation when compared to AD-MSCs seeded into uncoated-cryogel bioscaffolds (p < 0.05). In summary, our novel polydopamine coated-cryogel bioscaffold represents an efficient and low-cost bioscaffold platform to support MSC therapies. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2213-2228, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Razavi
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304
| | - Sophia Hu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304
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8
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Razavi M, Thakor AS. An oxygen plasma treated poly(dimethylsiloxane) bioscaffold coated with polydopamine for stem cell therapy. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:54. [PMID: 29725867 PMCID: PMC6190679 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 3D macroporous bioscaffolds were developed from poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) which is inert, biocompatible, non-biodegradable, retrievable and easily manufactured at low cost. PDMS bioscaffolds were synthesized using a solvent casting and particulate leaching (SCPL) technique and exhibited a macroporous interconnected architecture with 86 ± 3% porosity and 300 ± 100 µm pore size. As PDMS intrinsically has a hydrophobic surface, mainly due to the existence of methyl groups, its surface was modified by oxygen plasma treatment which, in turn, enabled us to apply a novel polydopamine coating onto the surface of the bioscaffold. The addition of a polydopamine coating to bioscaffolds was confirmed using composition analysis. Characterization of oxygen plasma treated-PDMS bioscaffolds coated with polydopamine (polydopamine coated-PDMS bioscaffolds) showed the presence of hydroxyl and secondary amines on their surface which resulted in a significant decrease in water contact angle when compared to uncoated-PDMS bioscaffolds (35 ± 3%, P < 0.05). Seeding adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) into polydopamine coated-PDMS bioscaffolds resulted in cells demonstrating a 70 ± 6% increase in viability and 40 ± 5% increase in proliferation when compared to AD-MSCs seeded into uncoated-PDMS bioscaffolds (P < 0.05). In summary, this two-step method of oxygen plasma treatment followed by polydopamine coating improves the biocompatibility of PDMS bioscaffolds and only requires the use of simple reagents and mild reaction conditions. Hence, our novel polydopamine coated-PDMS bioscaffolds can represent an efficient and low-cost bioscaffold platform to support MSC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Razavi
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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Acosta S, Tran T, Mair J, Okonkwo O, Larose B, Borlongan CV. Media coverage and public awareness on bioethics perception of emerging biomedical therapies. Chin Neurosurg J 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41016-016-0062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ratheesh G, Venugopal JR, Chinappan A, Ezhilarasu H, Sadiq A, Ramakrishna S. 3D Fabrication of Polymeric Scaffolds for Regenerative Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1175-1194. [PMID: 33440508 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in bioprinting technology have been used to precisely dispense cell-laden biomaterials for the construction of complex 3D functional living tissues or artificial organs. Organ printing and biofabrication provides great potential for the freeform fabrication of 3D living organs using cellular spheroids, biocomposite nanofibers, or bioinks as building blocks for regenerative therapy. Vascularization is often identified as a main technological barrier for building 3D organs in tissue engineering. 3D printing of living tissues starts with potential support of biomaterials to maintain structural integrity and degradation of certain time periods after printing of the scaffolds. Biofabrication is the production of complex living and nonliving biological products from raw materials such as cells, molecules, ECM, and biomaterials. Generally, two basic methods are used for the fabrication of scaffolds such as conventional/traditional fabrication processes and advance fabrication processes for engineering organs. A wide range of polymers and biomaterials are used for the fabrication of scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. 3D additive manufacturing is advancing day-by-day; however, there are various critical challenging factors used for fabricating 3D scaffolds. This review is aimed at understanding the various scaffold fabrication techniques, types of polymers and biomaterials used for the fabrication processes, various fields of applications, and different challenges faced in their fabrication of scaffolds in regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greeshma Ratheesh
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576.,Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jayarama Reddy Venugopal
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Amutha Chinappan
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Hariharan Ezhilarasu
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Asif Sadiq
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576.,Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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11
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Yeasmin S, Ceccarelli J, Vigen M, Carrion B, Putnam AJ, Tarle SA, Kaigler D. Stem cells derived from tooth periodontal ligament enhance functional angiogenesis by endothelial cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:1188-96. [PMID: 24147894 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In regenerative medicine approaches involving cell therapy, selection of the appropriate cell type is important in that the cells must directly (differentiation) or indirectly (trophic effects) participate in the regenerative response. Regardless of the mode of action of the cells, angiogenesis underlies the success of these approaches. Stem cells derived from tooth tissues, specifically the periodontal ligament of teeth (periodontal ligament stem cells [PDLSCs]), have recently been identified as a good source of multipotent cells for cell therapies. PDLSCs have demonstrated properties similar to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), yet, unlike MSCs, their vascular potential has not been previously demonstrated. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if PDLSCs could modulate angiogenesis. In comparison to MSCs and stem cells derived from tooth pulp tissues (SHEDs), we first determined if PDLSCs released soluble proangiogenic factors with the capacity to induce vessel formation by endothelial cells (ECs). Next, the ability of PDLSCs to modulate angiogenesis was examined through their cotransplantation with ECs in subcutaneous sites of immunocompromised mice. Finally, the stability of the PDLSC-mediated vasculature was determined through evaluation of the maturity and functionality of the vessels formed following PDLSC transplantation. It was determined that PDLSCs produced appreciable levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor-2, and additionally, were able to initiate in vitro angiogenesis of ECs comparable to MSC- and SHED-mediated angiogenesis. In vivo cotransplantation of ECs with PDLSCs significantly (>50% increase) enhanced the number of blood vessels formed relative to transplantation of ECs alone. Finally, vessels formed following PDLSC cotransplantation were more mature and less permeable than those formed after transplantation of EC alone. These data demonstrate for the first time that PDLSCs have vascular potential, which could make them a very attractive cell population for utilization in regenerative cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Yeasmin
- 1 Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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McEwan K, Padavan DT, Ellis C, McBane JE, Vulesevic B, Korbutt GS, Suuronen EJ. Collagen-chitosan-laminin hydrogels for the delivery of insulin-producing tissue. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E397-E408. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly McEwan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery; University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Ottawa Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada
| | - Donna T. Padavan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery; University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Ottawa Canada
| | - Cara Ellis
- Alberta Diabetes Institute; University of Alberta; Edmonton Canada
| | - Joanne E. McBane
- Division of Cardiac Surgery; University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Ottawa Canada
| | - Branka Vulesevic
- Division of Cardiac Surgery; University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Ottawa Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada
| | | | - Erik J. Suuronen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery; University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Ottawa Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada
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14
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Zhang Y, Nayak TR, Hong H, Cai W. Graphene: a versatile nanoplatform for biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3833-42. [PMID: 22653227 PMCID: PMC3376191 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31040f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, with its excellent physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, holds tremendous potential for a wide variety of biomedical applications. As research on graphene-based nanomaterials is still at a nascent stage due to the short time span since its initial report in 2004, a focused review on this topic is timely and necessary. In this feature review, we first summarize the results from toxicity studies of graphene and its derivatives. Although literature reports have mixed findings, we emphasize that the key question is not how toxic graphene itself is, but how to modify and functionalize it and its derivatives so that they do not exhibit acute/chronic toxicity, can be cleared from the body over time, and thereby can be best used for biomedical applications. We then discuss in detail the exploration of graphene-based nanomaterials for tissue engineering, molecular imaging, and drug/gene delivery applications. The future of graphene-based nanomaterials in biomedicine looks brighter than ever, and it is expected that they will find a wide range of biomedical applications with future research effort and interdisciplinary collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI , USA
| | - Tapas R. Nayak
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI , USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Requests for reprints: Weibo Cai, PhD, Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Room 7137, Madison, WI 53705-2275, USA. Fax: 1-608-265-0614; Tel: 1-608-262-1749;
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15
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Differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neural cells on 3D poly (D, L-lactic acid) scaffolds versus 2D cultures. Int J Artif Organs 2012; 34:1012-23. [PMID: 22161284 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a highly porous poly (D, L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) scaffold was designed and fabricated using dioxane and thermal-induced phase separation (TIPS) methods (liquid-liquid and solid-liquid). Additionally, we characterized the ability of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to differentiate into neural cells in PDLLA scaffold with uniform porosity, interconnectivity, and high porosity, and then compared them with cells seeded under conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture conditions. Histochemistry staining showed the migration of differentiated cells through the scaffold. Immunofluorescence analysis of the differentiated cells by counting positive cells revealed that the PDLLA scaffold resulted in a significantly greater number of neural markers, microtubule associated protein-2, ß-tubulin III, neurofilament protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (the astrocyte marker) when compared to those in 2D culture condition. Moreover, the expression of Nestin, Mash1, Pax6, and HB9 increased significantly in 3D scaffolds when compared with 2D cultures as detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Scanning electron microscopy of differentiated neurons on scaffolds also demonstrated favorable results for neurite outgrowth. The results of this study demonstrated a promising effect of 3D scaffold culture for neural cell differentiation from ESCs in prospective tissue engineering applications.
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16
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Naderi H, Matin MM, Bahrami AR. Review paper: Critical Issues in Tissue Engineering: Biomaterials, Cell Sources, Angiogenesis, and Drug Delivery Systems. J Biomater Appl 2011; 26:383-417. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328211408946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a newly emerging biomedical technology, which aids and increases the repair and regeneration of deficient and injured tissues. It employs the principles from the fields of materials science, cell biology, transplantation, and engineering in an effort to treat or replace damaged tissues. Tissue engineering and development of complex tissues or organs, such as heart, muscle, kidney, liver, and lung, are still a distant milestone in twenty-first century. Generally, there are four main challenges in tissue engineering which need optimization. These include biomaterials, cell sources, vascularization of engineered tissues, and design of drug delivery systems. Biomaterials and cell sources should be specific for the engineering of each tissue or organ. On the other hand, angiogenesis is required not only for the treatment of a variety of ischemic conditions, but it is also a critical component of virtually all tissue-engineering strategies. Therefore, controlling the dose, location, and duration of releasing angiogenic factors via polymeric delivery systems, in order to ultimately better mimic the stem cell niche through scaffolds, will dictate the utility of a variety of biomaterials in tissue regeneration. This review focuses on the use of polymeric vehicles that are made of synthetic and/or natural biomaterials as scaffolds for three-dimensional cell cultures and for locally delivering the inductive growth factors in various formats to provide a method of controlled, localized delivery for the desired time frame and for vascularized tissue-engineering therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Naderi
- Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M. Matin
- Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Tremblay P, Cloutier R, Lamontagne J, Belzil AM, Larkin AM, Chouinard L, Chabaud S, Laverty S, Lussier B, Goulet F. Potential of Skin Fibroblasts for Application to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tissue Engineering. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:535-42. [DOI: 10.3727/096368910x536482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts isolated from skin and from anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) secrete type I and type III collagens in vivo and in vitro. However, it is much easier and practical to obtain a small skin biopsy than an ACL sample to isolate fibroblasts for tissue engineering applications. Various tissue engineering strategies have been proposed for torn ACL replacement. We report here the results of the implantation of bioengineered ACLs (bACLs), reconstructed in vitro using a type I collagen scaffold, anchored with two porous bone plugs to allow bone–ligament–bone surgical engraftment. The bACLs were seeded with autologous living dermal fibroblasts, and grafted for 6 months in goat knee joints. Histological and ultrastructural observations ex vivo demonstrated a highly organized ligamentous structure, rich in type I collagen fibers and cells. Grafts' vascularization and innervation were observed in all bACLs that were entirely reconstructed in vitro. Organized Sharpey's fibers and fibrocartilage, including chondrocytes, were present at the osseous insertion sites of the grafts. They showed remodeling and matrix synthesis postimplantation. Our tissue engineering approach may eventually provide a new solution to replace torn ACL in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrot Tremblay
- Laboratory of tissue engineering/LOEX, CHA, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Département de chirurgie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Réjean Cloutier
- Laboratory of tissue engineering/LOEX, CHA, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Département de chirurgie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Lamontagne
- Laboratory of tissue engineering/LOEX, CHA, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Département de chirurgie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Belzil
- Laboratory of tissue engineering/LOEX, CHA, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Département de chirurgie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Larkin
- Laboratory of tissue engineering/LOEX, CHA, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Département de chirurgie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Laboratory of tissue engineering/LOEX, CHA, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Département de chirurgie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sheila Laverty
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département des sciences cliniques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lussier
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département des sciences cliniques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francine Goulet
- Laboratory of tissue engineering/LOEX, CHA, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Département de chirurgie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de réadaptation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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18
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Smardencas A, Birchall I. Morphological changes in the ovine carotid artery wall induced by cold storage. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:1603-20. [PMID: 21396174 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x564517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels obtained from cadavers and amputated limbs stored at 4°C (i.e., cold stored) potentially represent an economical and readily sourced alternative to autologous vessels and synthetic prostheses for vascular reconstructive surgery. However, cold-stored vessels would need to have a reduced antigenicity and an antithrombogenic autologous endothelial cell (EC) lining before they could function as patent vascular allografts. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cold storage for 1-16 weeks on the morphology of the ovine carotid artery wall. Ovine carotid arteries (n = 6) were rinsed and flushed with 0.9% saline, cut into segments, wrapped in 0.9% saline-soaked gauze, and stored at 4°C for 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 weeks. Following storage, the segments were sampled and the samples fixed and sectioned for light microscopic, immunohistochemical, or transmission electron microscopic examination. After 1 and 2 weeks the ECs were karyolitic or contained pyknotic nuclei. After 4 weeks the EC layer was depleted, the subendothelial matrix exposed, and the number of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and fibroblasts reduced. The 8- and 16-week samples demonstrated complete loss of the EC lining and only occasional remnants of SMCs or fibroblasts. The subendothelial basement membrane appeared to undergo degradative changes as early as 1 week following cold storage. At each time point examined, the subendothelial connective tissue stroma, the internal elastic lamina (IEL), and the collagenous and elastic extracellular framework were retained. These results demonstrate that the ovine carotid artery wall progressively loses its cells but retains its extracellular components during cold storage for up to 16 weeks. They suggest that cold-stored vessels may function as allografts with a reduced antigenicity for vascular reconstructive surgery. It is conceivable that seeded autologous ECs may be used to restore the antithrombogenic EC lining prior to graft implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Smardencas
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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19
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Use of gene-modified keratinocytes and fibroblasts to enhance regeneration in a full skin defect. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2011; 396:543-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00423-011-0761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Sun LY, Lin SZ, Li YS, Harn HJ, Chiou TW. Functional Cells Cultured on Microcarriers for Use in Regenerative Medicine Research. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:49-62. [PMID: 20887678 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x532792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcarriers have been successfully used for many years for growing anchorage-dependent cells and as a means of delivering cells for tissue repair. When cultured on microcarriers, the number of anchorage-dependent cells, including primary cells, can easily be scaled up and controlled to generate the quantities of cells necessary for therapeutic applications. Recently, stem cell technology has been recognized as a powerful tool in regenerative medicine, but adequate numbers of stem cells that retain their differentiation potential are still difficult to obtain. For anchorage-dependent stem cells, however, microcarrier-based suspension culture using various types of microcarriers has proven to be a good alternative for effective ex vivo expansion. In this article, we review studies reporting the expansion, differentiation, or transplantation of functional anchorage-dependent cells that were expanded with the microcarrier culture system. Thus, the implementation of technological advances in biodegradable microcarriers, the bead-to-bead transfer process, and appropriate stem cell media may soon foster the ability to produce the numbers of stem cells necessary for cell-based therapies and/or tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yi Sun
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University and Hospital and Beigang Hospital, Taichung and Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Sheng Li
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Wen Chiou
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
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21
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Thépot A, Morel AP, Justin V, Desanlis A, Thivillier L, Hoffman E, Till M, Accardi R, Tommasino M, Breton P, Hainaut P, Damour O. Evaluation of Tumorigenic Risk of Tissue-Engineered Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cells by Using Combinational Examinations. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:999-1006. [DOI: 10.3727/096368910x515854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, oral mucosal epithelial cells were proposed as a cell source of the autologous cell transplant therapy for corneal trauma or disease. The question addressed is to know if the biological conditions of grafting could induce certain cellular, molecular, and genetic alterations that might increase the risk of mutations and possibly of cellular transformation. Recent progress in cancer research enables us to depict the generation mechanisms and basic characteristics of human cancer cells from molecular, cytological, and biological aspects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of tumorigenicity of the oral mucosal epithelial culture process in order to mitigate that risk, if any, before clinical application. Oral mucosal epithelial cells from three different human donors were investigated by combinational examinations to detect possible tumorigenic transformation. We investigated (i) clonogenic and karyology types, (ii) the validation of proliferation rate, (iii) the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, (iv) anchorage-independent growth potential, and (v) tumorigenicity on nude mice. Results show that the culture process used in this study presents no risk of tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Thépot
- Banque de Tissus et Cellules, Hôpital E. Herriot, Lyon Cedex 03, France
- Centre International de Recherche sur le cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - V. Justin
- CellSeed France S.A.R.L., Lyon, France
| | - A. Desanlis
- Banque de Tissus et Cellules, Hôpital E. Herriot, Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - L. Thivillier
- Banque de Tissus et Cellules, Hôpital E. Herriot, Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - E. Hoffman
- Banque de Tissus et Cellules, Hôpital E. Herriot, Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - M. Till
- Laboratoire de cytogénétique HFME, Bron Cedex, France
| | - R. Accardi
- Centre International de Recherche sur le cancer, Lyon, France
| | - M. Tommasino
- Centre International de Recherche sur le cancer, Lyon, France
| | - P. Breton
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - P. Hainaut
- Centre International de Recherche sur le cancer, Lyon, France
| | - O. Damour
- Banque de Tissus et Cellules, Hôpital E. Herriot, Lyon Cedex 03, France
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Suzuki J, Ricordi C, Chen Z. Immune tolerance induction by integrating innate and adaptive immune regulators. Cell Transplant 2009; 19:253-68. [PMID: 19919733 PMCID: PMC2884065 DOI: 10.3727/096368909x480314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A diversity of immune tolerance mechanisms have evolved to protect normal tissues from immune damage. Immune regulatory cells are critical contributors to peripheral tolerance. These regulatory cells, exemplified by the CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells and a recently identified population named myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulate immune responses and limiting immune-mediated pathology. In a chronic inflammatory setting, such as allograft-directed immunity, there may be a dynamic "cross-talk" between the innate and adaptive immunomodulatory mechanisms for an integrated control of immune damage. CTLA4-B7-based interaction between the two branches may function as a molecular "bridge" to facilitate such "cross-talk." Understanding the interplays among Treg cells, innate suppressors, and pathogenic effector T (Teff) cells will be critical in the future to assist in the development of therapeutic strategies to enhance and synergize physiological immunosuppressive elements in the innate and adaptive immune system. Successful development of localized strategies of regulatory cell therapies could circumvent the requirement for very high number of cells and decrease the risks associated with systemic immunosuppression. To realize the potential of innate and adaptive immune regulators for the still elusive goal of immune tolerance induction, adoptive cell therapies may also need to be coupled with agents enhancing endogenous tolerance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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23
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Petersen TH, Hitchcock T, Muto A, Calle EA, Zhao L, Gong Z, Gui L, Dardik A, Bowles DE, Counter CM, Niklason LE. Utility of telomerase-pot1 fusion protein in vascular tissue engineering. Cell Transplant 2009; 19:79-87. [PMID: 19878625 DOI: 10.3727/096368909x478650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While advances in regenerative medicine and vascular tissue engineering have been substantial in recent years, important stumbling blocks remain. In particular, the limited life span of differentiated cells that are harvested from elderly human donors is an important limitation in many areas of regenerative medicine. Recently, a mutant of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase enzyme (TERT) was described, which is highly processive and elongates telomeres more rapidly than conventional telomerase. This mutant, called pot1-TERT, is a chimeric fusion between the DNA binding protein pot1 and TERT. Because pot1-TERT is highly processive, it is possible that transient delivery of this transgene to cells that are utilized in regenerative medicine applications may elongate telomeres and extend cellular life span while avoiding risks that are associated with retroviral or lentiviral vectors. In the present study, adenoviral delivery of pot1-TERT resulted in transient reconstitution of telomerase activity in human smooth muscle cells, as demonstrated by telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP). In addition, human engineered vessels that were cultured using pot1-TERT-expressing cells had greater collagen content and somewhat better performance in vivo than control grafts. Hence, transient delivery of pot1-TERT to elderly human cells may be useful for increasing cellular life span and improving the functional characteristics of resultant tissue-engineered constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Petersen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Amir G, Miller L, Shachar M, Feinberg MS, Holbova R, Cohen S, Leor J. Evaluation of a peritoneal-generated cardiac patch in a rat model of heterotopic heart transplantation. Cell Transplant 2009; 18:275-82. [PMID: 19558776 DOI: 10.3727/096368909788534898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering holds the promise of providing new solutions for heart transplant shortages and pediatric heart transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a peritoneal-generated, tissue-engineered cardiac patch to replace damaged myocardium in a heterotopic heart transplant model. Fetal cardiac cells (1 x 10(6)/scaffold) from syngeneic Lewis rats were seeded into highly porous alginate scaffolds. The cell constructs were cultured in vitro for 4 days and then they were implanted into the rat peritoneal cavity for 1 week. During this time the peritoneal-implanted patches were vascularized and populated with myofibroblasts. They were harvested and their performance in an infrarenal heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation model was examined (n = 15). After transplantation and before reperfusion of the donor heart, a 5-mm left (n = 6) or right (n = 9) ventriculotomy was performed and the patch was sutured onto the donor heart to repair the defect. Echocardiographical studies carried out 1-2 weeks after transplantation showed normal LV function in seven of the eight hearts studied. After 1 month, visual examination of the grafted patch revealed no aneurysmal dilatation. Microscopic examination revealed, in most of the cardiac patches, a complete disappearance of the scaffold and its replacement by a consistent tissue composed of myofibroblasts embedded in collagen bundles. The cardiac patch was enriched with a relatively large number of infiltrating blood vessels. In conclusion, cardiac patches generated in the peritoneum were developed into consistent tissue patches with properties to seal and correct myocardial defects. Our study also offers a viable rat model for screening and evaluating new concepts in cardiac reconstruction and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Amir
- Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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Peng YY, Werkmeister JA, Vaughan PR, Ramshaw JAM. Constructs for the expression of repeating triple-helical protein domains. Biomed Mater 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/1/015006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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