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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhuang R, Yang K, Chen L, Jin B, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Tang K. Alterations in CX3CL1 Levels and Its Role in Viral Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4451. [PMID: 38674036 PMCID: PMC11050295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
CX3CL1, also named fractalkine or neurotactin, is the only known member of the CX3C chemokine family that can chemoattract several immune cells. CX3CL1 exists in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, with each mediating distinct biological activities. CX3CL1 signals are transmitted through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, primarily expressed in the microglia of the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, CX3CL1 acts as a regulator of microglia activation in response to brain disorders or inflammation. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the role of CX3CL1 in regulating cell adhesion, chemotaxis, and host immune response in viral infection. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the changes and function of CX3CL1 in various viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, to highlight the emerging roles of CX3CL1 in viral infection and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.C.); (B.J.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kang Tang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.C.); (B.J.); (Y.M.)
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Li T, Li L, Peng R, Hao H, Zhang H, Gao Y, Wang C, Li F, Liu X, Chen F, Zhang S, Zhang J. Abrocitinib Attenuates Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation after Traumatic Brain Injury via Inhibiting the JAK1/STAT1/NF-κB Pathway. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223588. [PMID: 36429017 PMCID: PMC9688110 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuroinflammation has been shown to play a critical role in secondary craniocerebral injury, leading to poor outcomes for TBI patients. Abrocitinib, a Janus kinase1 (JAK1) selective inhibitor approved to treat atopic dermatitis (AD) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), possesses a novel anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we investigated whether abrocitinib could ameliorate neuroinflammation and exert a neuroprotective effect in traumatic brain injury (TBI) models. METHODS First, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to select genes closely related to neuroinflammation after TBI. Then, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to dynamically observe the changes in traumatic focus on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days after the induction of fluid percussion injury (FPI). Moreover, abrocitinib's effects on neurobehaviors were evaluated. A routine peripheral blood test was carried out and Evans blue dye extravasation, cerebral cortical blood flow, the levels of inflammatory cytokines, and changes in the numbers of inflammatory cells were evaluated to investigate the function of abrocitinib on the 1st day post-injury. Furthermore, the JAK1/signal transducer and activator of transcription1 (STAT1)/nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB) pathway was assessed. RESULTS In vivo, abrocitinib treatment was found to shrink the trauma lesions. Compared to the TBI group, the abrocitinib treatment group showed better neurological function, less blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, improved intracranial blood flow, relieved inflammatory cell infiltration, and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines. In vitro, abrocitinib treatment was shown to reduce the pro-inflammatory M1 microglia phenotype and shift microglial polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. The WB and IHC results showed that abrocitinib played a neuroprotective role by restraining JAK1/STAT1/NF-κB levels after TBI. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, abrocitinib treatment after TBI is accompanied by improvements in neurological function consistent with radiological, histopathological, and biochemical changes. Therefore, abrocitinib can indeed reduce excessive neuroinflammation by restraining the JAK1/STAT1/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Ruilong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Hongying Hao
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Hejun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Yalong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Fanjian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Xilei Liu
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Fanglian Chen
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300000, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300000, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (J.Z.)
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Fractalkine/CX3CL1 in Neoplastic Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103723. [PMID: 32466280 PMCID: PMC7279446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractalkine/CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) is a chemokine involved in the anticancer function of lymphocytes-mainly NK cells, T cells and dendritic cells. Its increased levels in tumors improve the prognosis for cancer patients, although it is also associated with a poorer prognosis in some types of cancers, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. This work focuses on the 'hallmarks of cancer' involving CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1. First, we describe signal transduction from CX3CR1 and the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in this process. Next, we present the role of CX3CL1 in the context of cancer, with the focus on angiogenesis, apoptosis resistance and migration and invasion of cancer cells. In particular, we discuss perineural invasion, spinal metastasis and bone metastasis of cancers such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer. We extensively discuss the importance of CX3CL1 in the interaction with different cells in the tumor niche: tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and microglia. We present the role of CX3CL1 in the development of active human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain tumors. Finally, we discuss the possible use of CX3CL1 in immunotherapy.
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Saemisch M, Balcells M, Riesinger L, Nickmann M, Bhaloo SI, Edelman ER, Methe H. Subendothelial matrix components influence endothelial cell apoptosis in vitro. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 316:C210-C222. [PMID: 30566394 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00005.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The programmed form of cell death (apoptosis) is essential for normal development of multicellular organisms. Dysregulation of apoptosis has been linked with embryonal death and is involved in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Specifically, endothelial apoptosis plays pivotal roles in atherosclerosis whereas prevention of endothelial apoptosis is a prerequisite for neovascularization in tumors and metastasis. Endothelial biology is intertwined with the composition of subendothelial basement membrane proteins. Apoptosis was induced by addition of tumor necrosis factor-α to cycloheximide-sensitized endothelial cells. Cells were either grown on polystyrene culture plates or on plates precoated with healthy basement membrane proteins (collagen IV, fibronectin, or laminin) or collagen I. Our results reveal that proteins of healthy basement membrane alleviate cytokine-induced apoptosis whereas precoating with collagen type I had no significant effect on apoptosis by addition of tumor necrosis factor-α to cycloheximide-sensitized endothelial cells compared with cells cultured on uncoated plates. Yet, treatment with transforming growth factor-β1 significantly reduced the rate of apoptosis endothelial cells grown on collagen I. Detailed analysis reveals differences in intracellular signaling pathways for each of the basement membrane proteins studied. We provide additional insights into the importance of basement membrane proteins and the respective cytokine milieu on endothelial biology. Exploring outside-in signaling by basement membrane proteins may constitute an interesting target to restore vascular function and prevent complications in the atherosclerotic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Saemisch
- Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich , Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kliniken Neumarkt, Neumarkt, Germany
| | - Mercedes Balcells
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Engineering, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Lisa Riesinger
- Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich , Germany
| | - Markus Nickmann
- Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich , Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Kliniken an der Paar, Aichach, Germany
| | - Shirin Issa Bhaloo
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Elazer R Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heiko Methe
- Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich , Germany.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Kliniken an der Paar, Aichach, Germany
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Riesinger L, Saemisch M, Nickmann M, Methe H. CD34 + circulating cells display signs of immune activation in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Heart Vessels 2018; 33:1559-1569. [PMID: 30003322 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-1220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are released into the peripheral blood in situations of vascular repair/angiogenesis. Regulation of vascular repair and angiogenesis by EPC depends not only on the number of circulating EPC but also on their functionality. As endothelial cells can act as antigen-presenting cells in coronary artery disease (CAD), we postulated that EPC can be immune activated here as well. CD34+-EPC were isolated from peripheral blood of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI, n = 12), non-STEMI/unstable angina (UA, n = 15), and stable CAD (SA, n = 18). Expression of HLA-DR, adhesion and costimulatory molecules by isolated CD34+-EPC were compared with levels in healthy controls (n = 18). There were no significant differences in VCAM-1 and CD80 expression by peripheral circulating CD34+-EPC between the four groups, yet expression of CD86 was highest in UA (p < 0.05). ICAM-1 expression was lowest in SA (p < 0.01). CD34+-EPC constitutively expressed HLA-DR across all groups. Of note, patients pretreated with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors exhibited lower expression of VCAM-1 by CD34+-EPC throughout all patient groups; furthermore, statins significantly limited ex vivo-induced upregulation of ICAM-1 by TNF-alpha. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the expression of immune markers in peripheral circulating CD34+-EPC ex vivo. We demonstrate that CD34+-EPC display different patterns of adhesion and costimulatory molecules in various states of CAD. Expression levels were affected by pretreatment with statins. Hence, immune activity of peripheral circulating CD34+ cells might play a pathophysiologic role in evolution of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Riesinger
- Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Saemisch
- Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kliniken Neumarkt, Neumarkt, Germany
| | - Markus Nickmann
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Kliniken an der Paar, Aichach, Germany
| | - Heiko Methe
- Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Kliniken an der Paar, Aichach, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Gualtero D, Lafaurie G, Fontanilla M. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional models for studying atherosclerosis pathogenesis induced by periodontopathogenic microorganisms. Mol Oral Microbiol 2017; 33:29-37. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D.F. Gualtero
- Tissue Engineering Group; Department of Pharmacy; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Bogota Colombia
- Biotechnology Laboratory; Basic Oral Research Unit (UIBO); School of Odontology; Universidad El Bosque; Bogota Colombia
| | - G.I. Lafaurie
- Biotechnology Laboratory; Basic Oral Research Unit (UIBO); School of Odontology; Universidad El Bosque; Bogota Colombia
| | - M.R. Fontanilla
- Tissue Engineering Group; Department of Pharmacy; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Bogota Colombia
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Guo XH, Bai Z, Qiang B, Bu FH, Zhao N. Roles of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and nuclear factor-κB in immune response to spinal tuberculosis in a New Zealand white rabbit model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e5625. [PMID: 28225889 PMCID: PMC5333719 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the roles of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in immune response to spinal tuberculosis in a New Zealand white rabbit model. Forty-eight New Zealand white rabbits were collected and divided into four groups: experimental group (n=30, spinal tuberculosis model was established), the sham group (n=15, sham operation was performed) and the blank group (n=3). The qRT-PCR assay and western blotting were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of MCP-1 and NF-κB in peripheral blood. ELISA was used to measure serum levels of MCP-1, NF-κB, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10. Flow cytometry was adopted to assess the distributions of CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes and CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3 lymphocyte subsets. Compared with the sham and blank groups, the mRNA and protein expressions of MCP-1 and NF-κB in the experimental group were significantly increased. The experimental group had lower serum levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ and higher serum level of IL-10 than the sham and blank groups. In comparison to the sham and blank groups, CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets percentage, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs subsets accounting for CD4+ lymphocyte in the experimental group were lower, while percentage of CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets was higher. Our study provided evidence that higher expression of MCP-1 and NF-κB may be associated with decreased immune function of spinal tuberculosis, which can provide a new treatment direction for spinal tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Guo
- The Third Department of Orthopedics, the Fifth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Z Bai
- The Third Department of Orthopedics, the Fifth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - B Qiang
- The Third Department of Orthopedics, the Fifth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - F H Bu
- Operating Room, the Fifth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - N Zhao
- The Third Department of Orthopedics, the Fifth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China
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Huang XP, Ding H, Lu JD, Tang YH, Deng BX, Deng CQ. Effects of the Combination of the Main Active Components of Astragalus and Panax notoginseng on Inflammation and Apoptosis of Nerve Cell after Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:1419-38. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus and Panax notoginseng are commonly used to treat cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in China and are often combined together to promote curative effect. We speculate that the enhancement of the combination on anticerebral ischemia injury may come from the main active components. The purpose of this work was to probe the effects and mechanisms of Astragaloside IV (the active component of Astragalus) combined with Ginsenoside Rg1, Ginsenoside Rb1, and Notoginsenoside R1 (the active components of P. notoginseng) to antagonize ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury via inflammation and apoptosis. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham, model, Astragaloside IV, Ginsenoside Rg1, Ginsenoside Rb1, Notoginsenoside R1, four active components combination, and Edaravone groups. After administration for 3 days, bilateral common carotid arteries (CCA) were occluded with artery clip for 20[Formula: see text]min followed by reperfusion for 24[Formula: see text]h. Our results showed that the survival rate of nerve cell in hippocampal CA1 decreased while the apoptotic rate increased, and the level of caspase-3 protein in brain tissues was elevated, the expressions of TNF-a, IL-1, and ICAM-1 mRNA as well as phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-[Formula: see text]B) inhibitor protein [Formula: see text] (p-I[Formula: see text]Ba) in brain tissues were up-regulated, and the nuclear translocation rate of NF-[Formula: see text]B was raised. Additionally, the protein expressions of phosphorylated tyrosine kinase 1 (p-JAK1), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (p-STAT1), glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), caspase-12, and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2 (p-JNK1/2) in brain tissues were also significantly strengthened after I/R for 24[Formula: see text]h. All drugs could increase neurocyte survival rate in hippocampal CA1, decrease the apoptotic rate, and inhibit caspase-3 protein expression, in contrast, the effects of four active components combination were better than those of active components alone. In addition, Astragaloside IV and Ginsenoside Rg1 could down-regulate the level of TNF-[Formula: see text], and ICAM-1 mRNA, respectively, Notoginsenoside R1 reduced both TNF-[Formula: see text] and ICAM-1 mRNA, and the combination of the 4 effective components had inhibitory effects on the expressions of TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-1[Formula: see text], and ICAM-1 mRNA. Astragaloside IV, Ginsenoside Rg1, Notoginsenoside R1, and 4 effective components combination were able to restrain the phosphorylation of I[Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text], and relieve the nuclear translocation rate of NF-[Formula: see text]B. Moreover, the effects of the combination are greater than those of active components alone. All drugs could suppress the phosphorylation of JAK1 induced by I/R; meanwhile the expression of p-STAT1 exhibited a decrease in Ginsenoside Rg1 and four active components combination groups. The decreases of p-JAK1 and p-STAT1 in the four active components combination group were more obvious than those in active components alone groups. Astragaloside IV, Ginsenoside Rg1, and Notoginsenoside R1 further augmented GRP78 expression caused by I/R, Notoginsenoside R1 attenuated caspase-12 protein expression, Astragaloside IV and Ginsenoside Rg1 lessened the phosphorylation of JNK1/2, and the four active components combination was capable of up-regulating GRP78 protein while down-regulating the expressions of caspase-12 and p-JNK1/2. Similarly, the effects of the four active components combination were greater than those of effective components alone. These suggested that the combination of the main active components of Astragalus and Panax notoginseng could strengthen protective effects on cerebral ischemia injury via anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation, and the mechanisms might be associated with restraining the activation of NF-[Formula: see text]B and JAK1/STAT1 signal pathways and regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Huang
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Huang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Dong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Universities for Cell biology and Molecular Techniques, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Xiang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Universities for Cell biology and Molecular Techniques, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Qing Deng
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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Unterman S, Freiman A, Beckerman M, Abraham E, Stanley JR, Levy E, Artzi N, Edelman E. Tuning of collagen scaffold properties modulates embedded endothelial cell regulatory phenotype in repair of vascular injuries in vivo. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2220-8. [PMID: 26333178 PMCID: PMC4664078 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Perivascularly implanted matrix embedded endothelial cells (MEECs) are potent regulators of inflammation and intimal hyperplasia following vascular injuries. Endothelial cells (ECs) in collagen scaffolds adopt a reparative phenotype with significant therapeutic potential. Although the biology of MEECs is increasingly understood, tuning of scaffold properties to control cell-substrate interactions is less well-studied. It is hypothesized that modulating scaffold degradation would change EC phenotype. Scaffolds with differential degradation are prepared by cross-linking and predegradation. Vascular injury increases degradation and the presence of MEECs retards injury-mediated degradation. MEECs respond to differential scaffold properties with altered viability in vivo, suppressed smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation in vitro, and altered interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. When implanted perivascularly to a murine carotid wire injury, tuned scaffolds change MEEC effects on vascular repair and inflammation. Live animal imaging enables real-time tracking of cell viability, inflammation, and scaffold degradation, affording an unprecedented understanding of interactions between cells, substrate, and tissue. MEEC-treated injuries improve endothelialization and reduce SMC hyperplasia over 14 d. These data demonstrate the potent role material design plays in tuning MEEC efficacy in vivo, with implications for the design of clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimon Unterman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alina Freiman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Ort Braude College, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Margarita Beckerman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Ort Braude College, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Eytan Abraham
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James R.L. Stanley
- CBSET, Inc., Concord Biomedical Sciences and Emerging Technologies, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Ela Levy
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Ort Braude College, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elazer Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Nickmann M, Saemisch M, Wilbert-Lampen U, Nickel T, Edelman ER, Methe H. Cell matrix contact modifies endothelial major histocompatibility complex class II expression in high-glucose environment. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H1592-9. [PMID: 24043258 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00018.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Cardiovascular risk factors such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and arterial hypertension induce endothelial dysfunction with alterations in endothelial biosecretion and immune behavior. The aim of this study is to elucidate whether glucose-induced modifications of endothelial biosecretory and immune functions are regulated by interactions of endothelial cells (ECs) with their extracellular matrix [ECs plated on polystyrene-coated tissue culture plates (TC-EC) vs. ECs embedded within three-dimensional (3-D) collagen-based matrixes (3D-EC)]. In the absence of glucose, IFN-γ-induced phosphorylation of JAK and STAT proteins and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression were lower in 3D-EC compared with TC-EC. Inversely, the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins (SOCS)-1 and -3 were significantly higher in naïve 3D-EC compared with naïve TC-EC. IFN-γ-induced upregulation of SOCS proteins was further amplified by the 3-D environment. Glucose significantly augmented IFN-γ-dependent signaling pathways in TC-EC. IFN-γ-induced phosphorylation of JAK and STAT proteins as well as HLA-DR expression by ECs in low- and high-glucose medium was significantly lower in 3-D than in two-dimensional environment. Glucose increased SOCS expression in TC-EC and 3D-EC to the same extent, such that expression levels in 3D-EC exceeded SOCS-1 and -3 expression in TC-EC by 1.6-2.5-fold. In conclusion, low- and high-glucose concentrations amplify IFN-γ-induced signaling pathways in TC-EC. Increased SOCS expression raises the threshold for IFN-γ to induce HLA-DR expression in a 3-D environment. This immunoprotective effect is maintained even in states of experimental hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Nickmann
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Kim Y, Jung Y, Lee Y, Hwang C, Hwang J, Seok C, Seong H, Yoon N, Yeom S, Han S, Yoon D, Hong J. IL-32γ Inhibits Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Hepatotoxicity through Inactivation of NF-κB and Stat1 Signals. EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several studies have shown physiological functions of interleukin (IL)-32, the role of IL-32 in liver has not yet been reported. This study was initiated to examine the effects of IL-32γ on APAP-induced acute hepatic failure in IL-32γ transgenic mice. IL-32Γ overexpressing and non-transgenic mice received 500 mg/kg Acetoaminophen (APAP) intraperitoneally. Serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were significantly lower in the APAP treated IL-32γ overexpressing mice compared with those APAP-treated non-transgenic. IL-32γ markedly reduced a restricted area of the necrosis and inflammation. APAP-induced reduced glutathione depletion, induction of nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation, and cytochrome P4502E1 expression was significantly lowered in the IL-32γ overexpressing mice. Elevation of Kupffer cells and natural killer cells by APAP were reduced in the IL-32γ overexpressing mice. The expression of IL-1α, IL-1rα, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 was increased by APAP in non-transgenic mice, and were lowered in the IL-32γ overexpressing mice. Moreover, APAP-induced nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) activities were greatly lowered in the IL-32γ overexpressing mice. The results indicate that IL-32γ could effectively inhibit drug-induced hepatic failure, and reduce the number of cytotoxic immune cells and pro-inflammatory cytokine production through reduced activities of NF-κB and STAT1. This might be attributable to lowering APAP-induced liver toxicity in IL-32γ overexpressing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.R. Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Y.S. Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y.H. Lee
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - C.J. Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - J.L. Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - C.H. Seok
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - H.C. Seong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - N.Y. Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - S.Y. Yeom
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - S.B. Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - D.Y. Yoon
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J.T. Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Murikipudi S, Methe H, Edelman ER. The effect of substrate modulus on the growth and function of matrix-embedded endothelial cells. Biomaterials 2012; 34:677-84. [PMID: 23102623 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) are potent bioregulatory cells, modulating thrombosis, inflammation and control over mural smooth muscle cells and vascular health. The biochemical roles of EC are retained when cells are embedded within three-dimensional (3D) denatured collagen matrices. Though substrate mechanics have long been known to affect cellular morphology and function and 3D-EC systems are increasingly used as therapeutic modalities little is known about the effect of substrate mechanics on EC in these 3D systems. In this work, we examined the effect of isolated changes in modulus on EC growth and morphology, extracellular matrix gene expression, modulation of smooth muscle cell growth, and immunogenicity. EC growth, but not morphology was dependent on scaffold modulus. Increased scaffold modulus reduced secretion of smooth muscle cell growth inhibiting heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), but had no effect on secreted growth factors, resulting in a loss of smooth muscle cell growth inhibition by EC on high modulus scaffolds. Expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and induction of CD4(+) T cell proliferation was reduced by increased scaffold modulus, and correlated with changes in integrin α5 expression. Expression of several common ECM proteins by EC on stiffer substrates dropped, including collagen IV(α1), collagen IV(α5), fibronectin, HSPGs (perlecan and biglycan). In contrast, expression of elastin and TIMPs were increased. This work shows even modest changes in substrate modulus can have a significant impact on EC function in three-dimensional systems. The mechanism of these changes is not clear, but the data presented here within suggests a model wherein EC attempt to neutralize changes in environmental force balance by altering ECM and integrin expression, leading to changes in effects on downstream signaling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylaja Murikipudi
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. This disease is defined by the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque, which is responsible for artery obstruction and affects the heart by causing myocardial infarction. The vascular wall is composed of three cell types and includes a monolayer of endothelial cells and is irrigated by a vasa vasorum. The formation of the vascular network from the vasa vasorum is a process involved in the destabilization of this plaque. Cellular and molecular approaches are studied by in vitro assay of activated endothelial cells and in in vivo models of neovascularization. Chemokines are a large family of small secreted proteins that have been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of angiogenesis during several pathophysiological processes such as ischaemia. Chemokines may exert their regulatory activity on angiogenesis directly by activating the vasa vasorum, or as a consequence of leucocyte infiltration through the endothelium, and/or by the induction of growth factor expression such as that of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). The present review focuses on the angiogenic activity of the chemokines RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted)/CCL5 (CC chemokine ligand 5). RANTES/CCL5 is released by many cell types such as platelets or smooth muscle cells. This chemokine interacts with GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) and GAG (glycosaminoglycan) chains bound to HSPGs (heparan sulfate proteoglycans). Many studies have demonstrated, using RANTES/CCL5 mutated on their GAG or GPCR-binding sites, the involvement of these chemokines in angiogenic process. In the present review, we discuss two controversial roles of RANTES/CCL5 in the angiogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit N. Patel
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Warren Sherman
- Endovascular Cell Therapies, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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