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Gonella S, Domingues MF, Miguel F, Moura CS, Rodrigues CAV, Ferreira FC, Silva JC. Fabrication and Characterization of Porous PEGDA Hydrogels for Articular Cartilage Regeneration. Gels 2024; 10:422. [PMID: 39057446 PMCID: PMC11276562 DOI: 10.3390/gels10070422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional articular cartilage regeneration remains an unmet medical challenge, increasing the interest for innovative biomaterial-based tissue engineering (TE) strategies. Hydrogels, 3D macromolecular networks with hydrophilic groups, present articular cartilage-like features such as high water content and load-bearing capacity. In this study, 3D porous polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels were fabricated combining the gas foaming technique and a UV-based crosslinking strategy. The 3D porous PEGDA hydrogels were characterized in terms of their physical, structural and mechanical properties. Our results showed that the size of the hydrogel pores can be modulated by varying the initiator concentration. In vitro cytotoxicity tests showed that 3D porous PEGDA hydrogels presented high biocompatibility both with human chondrocytes and osteoblast-like cells. Importantly, the 3D porous PEGDA hydrogels supported the viability and chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (hBM-MSC)-based spheroids as demonstrated by the positive staining of typical cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) (glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)) and upregulation of chondrogenesis marker genes. Overall, the produced 3D porous PEGDA hydrogels presented cartilage-like mechanical properties and supported MSC spheroid chondrogenesis, highlighting their potential as suitable scaffolds for cartilage TE or disease modelling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gonella
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.G.); (M.F.D.); (F.M.); (C.A.V.R.); (F.C.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida F. Domingues
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.G.); (M.F.D.); (F.M.); (C.A.V.R.); (F.C.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipe Miguel
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.G.); (M.F.D.); (F.M.); (C.A.V.R.); (F.C.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla S. Moura
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Applied Research Institute, Rua da Misericórdia, Lagar dos Cortiços—S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CDRSP—Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
- Research Centre for Natural Resources Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos A. V. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.G.); (M.F.D.); (F.M.); (C.A.V.R.); (F.C.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.G.); (M.F.D.); (F.M.); (C.A.V.R.); (F.C.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João C. Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.G.); (M.F.D.); (F.M.); (C.A.V.R.); (F.C.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Farahani PK. Application of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials in Nose Surgery. JPRAS Open 2024; 40:262-272. [PMID: 38708386 PMCID: PMC11067003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Surgery of the nose involves a series of operations that are directed at restoring the nasal anatomy and physiology. The extent or degree of reconstruction needed is dependent on the appearance-based requirement of the patients and the procedure exploited for the correction such that nasal airflow is preserved. Standard surgical approach includes the use of autologous tissue or implantation alloplastic bio or synthetic/fabricated construct materials to correct the defects. Over the years, tissue engineering has been proven to be a promising technique for reconstructing tissue and organ defects, including the nose. Recently, there has been keen interest in fabricating new tissues and organ scaffolds using 3D printing technology with good control over the micro-architecture and excellent interior architecture suitable for cell seeding. Unviability of the tissue and harvest-associated complications have increased the need for the investigation of tissue engineering based methods for nasal reconstruction using biomaterials, stem cells, and growth factors combined with 3D bioprinting. However, there are only a handful of studies vis-à-vis the application of cartilage tissue engineering, stem cells, and growth factors for the purpose. This review provides highlights about the available studies based on the application of stem cells, biomaterials, and growth factors for nasal reconstruction surgery, as there is limited recent information on the use of these entities in nasal surgeries.
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Kim B, Kelly TAN, Jung HJ, Beane OS, Bhumiratana S, Bouklas N, Cohen I, Bonassar LJ. Microscale strain concentrations in tissue-engineered osteochondral implants are dictated by local compositional thresholds and architecture. J Biomech 2024; 162:111882. [PMID: 38070296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered osteochondral implants manufactured from condensed mesenchymal stem cell bodies have shown promise for treating focal cartilage defects. Notably, such manufacturing techniques have shown to successfully recapture the bulk mechanical properties of native cartilage. However, the relationships among the architectural features, local composition, and micromechanical environment within tissue-engineered cartilage from cell-based aggregates remain unclear. Understanding such relationships is crucial for identifying critical parameters that can predict in vivo performance. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship among architectural features, composition, and micromechanical behavior of tissue-engineered osteochondral implants. We utilized fast-confocal microscopy combined with a strain mapping technique to analyze the micromechanical behavior under quasi-static loading, as well as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to analyze the local compositions. More specifically, we investigated the architectural features and compositional distributions generated from tissue maturation, along with macro- and micro-level strain distributions. Our results showed that under compression, cell-based aggregates underwent deformation followed by body movement, generating high local strain around the boundaries, where local aggrecan concentration was low and local collagen concentration was high. By analyzing the micromechanics and composition at the single aggregate length scale, we identified a strong threshold relationship between local strain and compositions. Namely at the aggrecan concentration below 0.015 arbitrary unit (A.U.) and the collagen concentration above 0.15 A.U., the constructs experienced greater than threefold increase in compressive strain. Overall, this study suggests that local compositional features are the primary driver of the local mechanical environment in tissue-engineered cartilage constructs, providing insight into potential quality control parameters for manufacturing tissue-engineered constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byumsu Kim
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Nikolaos Bouklas
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Itai Cohen
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
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Burdis R, Gallostra XB, Kelly DJ. Temporal Enzymatic Treatment to Enhance the Remodeling of Multiple Cartilage Microtissues into a Structurally Organized Tissue. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2300174. [PMID: 37858935 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold-free tissue engineering aims to recapitulate key aspects of normal developmental processes to generate biomimetic grafts. Although functional cartilaginous tissues are engineered using such approaches, considerable challenges remain. Herein, the benefits of engineering cartilage via the fusion of multiple cartilage microtissues compared to using (millions of) individual cells to generate a cartilaginous graft are demonstrated. Key advantages include the generation of a richer extracellular matrix, more hyaline-like cartilage phenotype, and superior shape fidelity. A major drawback of aggregate engineering is that individual microtissues do not completely (re)model and remnants of their initial architectures remain throughout the macrotissue. To address this, a temporal enzymatic (chondroitinase-ABC) treatment is implemented to accelerate structural (re)modeling and shown to support robust fusion between adjacent microtissues, enhance microtissue (re)modeling, and enable the development of a more biomimetic tissue with a zonally organized collagen network. Additionally, enzymatic treatment is shown to modulate matrix composition, tissue phenotype, and to a lesser extent, tissue mechanics. This work demonstrates that microtissue self-organization is an effective method for engineering scaled-up cartilage grafts with a predefined geometry and near-native levels of matrix accumulation. Importantly, key limitations associated with using biological building blocks can be alleviated by temporal enzymatic treatment during graft development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Burdis
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Xavier Barceló Gallostra
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
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Zhu J, Zhang S, Jin S, Huang C, Shi B, Chen Z, Ji W. Endochondral Repair of Jawbone Defects Using Periosteal Cell Spheroids. J Dent Res 2024; 103:31-41. [PMID: 37968792 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231205273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recapitulation of the natural healing process is receiving increasing recognition as a strategy to induce robust tissue regeneration. Endochondral ossification has been recognized as an essential reparative approach in natural jawbone defect healing. However, such an approach has been overlooked in the recent development of cell-based therapeutics for jawbone repair. Therefore, this study aimed to explore a bioinspired stem cell-based strategy for jawbone repair by mimicking the mesenchymal condensation of progenitor cells during the early endochondral ossification process. For this purpose, passage 3 of jawbone periosteum-derived cells (jb-PDCs) was cultured in our previously reported nonadherent microwells (200 µm in diameter, 148 µm in depth, and 100 µm space in between) and self-assembled into spheroids with a diameter of 96.4 ± 5.8 µm after 48 h. Compared to monolayer culture, the jb-PDC spheroids showed a significant reduction of stemness marker expression evidenced by flow cytometry. Furthermore, a significant upregulation of chondrogenic transcription factor SOX9 in both gene and protein levels was observed in the jb-PDC spheroids after 48 h of chondrogenic induction. RNA sequencing and Western blotting analysis further suggested that the enhanced SOX9-mediated chondrogenic differentiation in jb-PDC spheroids was attributed to the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. Impressively, inhibition of p38 kinase activity significantly attenuated chondrogenic differentiation jb-PDC spheroids, evidenced by a significant decline of SOX9 in both gene and protein levels. Strikingly, the jb-PDC spheroids implanted in 6- to 8-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice with critical-size jawbone defects (1.8 mm in diameter) showed an evident contribution to cartilaginous callus formation after 1 wk, evidenced by histological analysis. Furthermore, micro-computed tomography analysis showed that the jb-PDC spheroids significantly accelerated bone healing after 2 wk in the absence of exogenous growth factors. In sum, the presented findings represent the successful development of cell-based therapeutics to reengineer the endochondral bone repair process and illustrate the potential application to improve bone repair and regeneration in the craniofacial skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - S Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - S Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - C Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - B Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Z Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - W Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Orabi M, Ghosh G. Investigating the Interplay Between Matrix Compliance and Passaging History on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Encapsulated Within Alginate-Gelatin Hybrid Hydrogels. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:2722-2734. [PMID: 37453976 PMCID: PMC10632279 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used widely in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine because of their ease of isolation and their pluripotency. The low survival and retention rate of MSCs at the target site upon implantation can be addressed via encapsulation within hydrogels capable of directing their fate. In this study, the interplay between matrix mechanics and the passage number of MSCs on their chondrogenic differentiation was assessed. Human bone marrow-derived MSCs between passages 4 and 6 were encapsulated within alginate-gelatin hybrid gels. The stiffness of the gels was varied by varying alginate concentrations while maintaining the concentration of gelatin and consequently, the cell adhesion sites, constant. The study revealed that within 4.8 kPa gels, GAG deposition was higher by P4 MSCs compared to P6 MSCs. However, an opposite trend was observed with collagen type 2 deposition. Further, we observed enhanced chondrogenic differentiation upon encapsulation of MSCs within 6.7 kPa hydrogel irrespective of passaging history. However, the effect of matrix compliance was more prominent in the case of higher passaged MSCs suggesting that matrix stiffness can help rescue the reduced differentiation capability of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Orabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA
| | - Gargi Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA.
- Amgen Bioprocessing Center, Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA.
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Ajeeb B, Detamore M. Comparison of multiple synthetic chondroinductive factors in pellet culture against a TGF-β positive control. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2023; 5:100369. [PMID: 37252634 PMCID: PMC10213102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2023.100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in surgical and cell therapy regenerative techniques for cartilage repair, the challenge is to overcome an inferior fibrocartilage repair tissue. In vitro, TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 are the primary growth factors employed to induce chondrogenic differentiation. However, the clinical application of native proteins may present challenges regarding stability, cost, or reproducibility. Therefore, there remains an unmet clinical need for the identification of small chondroinductive synthetic molecules. From the literature, two peptides-CM10 and CK2.1-appear to be promising candidates; however, they have not been directly compared to TGF-β with human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSCs). Similarly, two promising compounds-kartogenin and SM04690-have been reported in the literature to exhibit chondroinductive potential in vivo and in vitro; however, kartogenin was not directly compared against TGF-β. In the current study, we evaluated the chondroinductive potential of CM10, CK2.1, kartogenin, and SM04690, and directly compared them to each other and to a TGF-β3 positive control. Following 21 days of culture, none of the evaluated chondrogenic factors, either individually or even in combinations of two, resulted in a higher gene expression of chondrogenic markers as compared to TGF-β3. Additionally, no collagen II gene expression was detected except in the TGF-β3 positive control group. Given that the evaluated factors have confirmed efficacy in the literature, but not in the current study with a positive control, there may be value in the future identification of new chondroinductive factors that are less situation-dependent, with rigorous evaluations of their effect on chondrogenesis using positive controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Detamore
- Corresponding author. University of Oklahoma, 101 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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Xu HJ, Liu XZ, Yang L, Ning Y, Xu LL, Sun DM, Liao W, Yang Y, Li ZH. Runx2 overexpression promotes bone repair of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4769-4779. [PMID: 37029290 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) has been considered an inducer to improve bone repair ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four rabbits were used to establish Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and randomly devided into four groups: Adenovirus Runx2 (Ad-Runx2) group, Runx2-siRNA group, MSCs group and Model group. At 1 week after model establishment, the Ad-Runx2 group was treated with 5 × 107 MSCs transfected through Ad-Runx2, the Runx2-siRNA group was treated with 5 × 107 MSCs transfected through Runx2-siRNA, the MSCs group was injected with 5 × 107 untreated MSCs, and the Model group was treated with saline. The injection was administered at 1 week and 3 weeks after model establishment. The expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), Runx2 and Osterix from the femoral head was detected at 3 and 6 weeks after MSCs being injected, and Masson Trichrome Staining, Gross Morphology, X-ray and CT images observation were used to evaluate the repair effect of ONFH. The data revealed that the expression of BMP-2, Runx2 and Osterix in the Runx2-siRNA group was reduced at 3 weeks compared with the MSCs group, and then the expression further reduced at 6 weeks, but was still higher than the Model group besides Osterix; The expression of these three genes in the Ad-Runx2 group was higher than in the MSCs group. Masson Trichrome Staining, Gross Morphology and X-ray and CT images observation revealed that necrotic femoral head of the MSCs group was more regular and smooth than the Runx2-siRNA group, which has a collapsed and irregular femoral head. In the Ad-Runx2 group, necrotic femoral head was basically completely repaired and covered by rich cartilage and bone tissue. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of Runx2 can improve osteoblastic phenotype maintenance of MSCs and promote necrotic bone repair of ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiang-Zhong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yu Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, XiangYang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China
| | | | - Da-Ming Sun
- Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Wen Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zhang-Hua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Hou M, Xia X, Liu J, Xu Y, Shi Q, Zhang Z, Wang L, Shen Y, Yang H, He F, Zhu X. Reprogramming of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex by Targeting SIRT3-COX4I2 Axis Attenuates Osteoarthritis Progression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206144. [PMID: 36683245 PMCID: PMC10074136 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis is of great importance for cartilage integrity and associated with the progression of osteoarthritis (OA); however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study aims to investigate the role of mitochondrial deacetylation reaction and investigate the mechanistic relationship OA development. Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 3 (SIRT3) expression has a negative correlation with the severity of OA in both human arthritic cartilage and mice inflammatory chondrocytes. Global SIRT3 deletion accelerates pathological phenotype in post-traumatic OA mice, as evidenced by cartilage extracellular matrix collapse, osteophyte formation, and synovial macrophage M1 polarization. Mechanistically, SIRT3 prevents OA progression by targeting and deacetylating cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2 (COX4I2) to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis at the post-translational level. The activation of SIRT3 by honokiol restores cartilage metabolic equilibrium and protects mice from the development of post-traumatic OA. Collectively, the loss of mitochondrial SIRT3 is essential for the development of OA, whereas SIRT3-mediated proteins deacetylation of COX4I2 rescues OA-impaired mitochondrial respiratory chain functions to improve the OA phenotype. Herein, the induction of SIRT3 provides a novel therapeutic candidate for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Zhang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- Orthopaedic InstituteMedical CollegeSoochow UniversitySuzhou215007China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- Orthopaedic InstituteMedical CollegeSoochow UniversitySuzhou215007China
| | - Mingzhuang Hou
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- Orthopaedic InstituteMedical CollegeSoochow UniversitySuzhou215007China
| | - Xiaowei Xia
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- Orthopaedic InstituteMedical CollegeSoochow UniversitySuzhou215007China
| | - Junlin Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- Orthopaedic InstituteMedical CollegeSoochow UniversitySuzhou215007China
| | - Yong Xu
- Orthopaedic InstituteMedical CollegeSoochow UniversitySuzhou215007China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- Orthopaedic InstituteMedical CollegeSoochow UniversitySuzhou215007China
| | - Zhongmin Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Third Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510630China
| | - Yifan Shen
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- Orthopaedic InstituteMedical CollegeSoochow UniversitySuzhou215007China
| | - Fan He
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- Orthopaedic InstituteMedical CollegeSoochow UniversitySuzhou215007China
| | - Xuesong Zhu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- Orthopaedic InstituteMedical CollegeSoochow UniversitySuzhou215007China
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Abstract
Cartilage resides under a low oxygen tension within articulating joints. The oxygen tension within cartilage of the knee joint has been measured to be between 2% and 5% oxygen. Although the literature has historically termed this level of oxygen as hypoxia, particularly when doing experiments in vitro in this range, this is actually the physiological oxygen tension experienced in vivo and is more accurately termed physioxia. In general, culture of chondrogenic cells under physioxia has demonstrated a donor-dependent beneficial effect on chondrogenesis, with an upregulation in cartilage genes (SOX9, COL2A1, ACAN) and matrix deposition (sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs), collagen II). Physioxia also reduces the expression of hypertrophic markers (COL10A1, MMP13). This chapter will outline the methods for the expansion and differentiation of chondrogenic cells under physioxia using oxygen-controlled incubators and glove box environments, with the typical assays used for qualitative and quantitative assessment of chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Pattappa
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Brandon D Markway
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopaedic Hospital König-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Brian Johnstone
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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11
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Franco RAG, McKenna E, Robey PG, Crawford RW, Doran MR, Futrega K. SP7 gene silencing dampens bone marrow stromal cell hypertrophy, but it also dampens chondrogenesis. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231177136. [PMID: 37362901 PMCID: PMC10288420 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231177136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) to be useful in cartilage repair their propensity for hypertrophic differentiation must be overcome. A single day of TGF-β1 stimulation activates intrinsic signaling cascades in BMSCs which subsequently drives both chondrogenic and hypertrophic differentiation. TGF-β1 stimulation upregulates SP7, a transcription factor known to contribute to hypertrophic differentiation, and SP7 remains upregulated even if TGF-β1 is subsequently withdrawn from the chondrogenic induction medium. Herein, we stably transduced BMSCs to express an shRNA designed to silence SP7, and assess the capacity of SP7 silencing to mitigate hypertrophy. SP7 silencing dampened both hypertrophic and chondrogenic differentiation processes, resulting in diminished microtissue size, impaired glycosaminoglycan production and reduced chondrogenic and hypertrophic gene expression. Thus, while hypertrophic features were dampened by SP7 silencing, chondrogenic differentation was also compromised. We further investigated the role of SP7 in monolayer osteogenic and adipogenic cultures, finding that SP7 silencing dampened characteristic mineralization and lipid vacuole formation, respectively. Overall, SP7 silencing affects the trilineage differentiation of BMSCs, but is insufficient to decouple BMSC hypertrophy from chondrogenesis. These data highlight the challenge of promoting BMSC chondrogenesis whilst simultaneously reducing hypertrophy in cartilage tissue engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Ann G Franco
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Center for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Eamonn McKenna
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Center for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section (SBS), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ross W Crawford
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Center for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael R Doran
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Center for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Skeletal Biology Section (SBS), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- AstraZeneca, Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn Futrega
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Center for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Skeletal Biology Section (SBS), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Shajib MS, Futrega K, Franco RAG, McKenna E, Guillesser B, Klein TJ, Crawford RW, Doran MR. Method for manufacture and cryopreservation of cartilage microtissues. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231176901. [PMID: 37529249 PMCID: PMC10387698 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231176901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The financial viability of a cell and tissue-engineered therapy may depend on the compatibility of the therapy with mass production and cryopreservation. Herein, we developed a method for the mass production and cryopreservation of 3D cartilage microtissues. Cartilage microtissues were assembled from either 5000 human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSC) or 5000 human articular chondrocytes (ACh) each using a customized microwell platform (the Microwell-mesh). Microtissues rapidly accumulate homogenous cartilage-like extracellular matrix (ECM), making them potentially useful building blocks for cartilage defect repair. Cartilage microtissues were cultured for 5 or 10 days and then cryopreserved in 90% serum plus 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or commercial serum-free cryopreservation media. Cell viability was maximized during thawing by incremental dilution of serum to reduce oncotic shock, followed by washing and further culture in serum-free medium. When assessed with live/dead viability dyes, thawed microtissues demonstrated high viability but reduced immediate metabolic activity relative to unfrozen control microtissues. To further assess the functionality of the freeze-thawed microtissues, their capacity to amalgamate into a continuous tissue was assess over a 14 day culture. The amalgamation of microtissues cultured for 5 days was superior to those that had been cultured for 10 days. Critically, the capacity of cryopreserved microtissues to amalgamate into a continuous tissue in a subsequent 14-day culture was not compromised, suggesting that cryopreserved microtissues could amalgamate within a cartilage defect site. The quality ECM was superior when amalgamation was performed in a 2% O2 atmosphere than a 20% O2 atmosphere, suggesting that this process may benefit from the limited oxygen microenvironment within a joint. In summary, cryopreservation of cartilage microtissues is a viable option, and this manipulation can be performed without compromising tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shafiullah Shajib
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kathryn Futrega
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rose Ann G Franco
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Eamonn McKenna
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bianca Guillesser
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Travis J Klein
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross W Crawford
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael R Doran
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Mater Research Institute – University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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13
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Ranmuthu CKI, Ranmuthu CDS, Wijewardena CK, Seah MKT, Khan WS. Evaluating the Effect of Hypoxia on Human Adult Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Chondrogenesis In Vitro : A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315210. [PMID: 36499531 PMCID: PMC9741425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adult mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from a variety of sources may be used to repair defects in articular cartilage by inducing them into chondrogenic differentiation. The conditions in which optimal chondrogenic differentiation takes place are an area of interest in the field of tissue engineering. Chondrocytes exist in vivo in a normally hypoxic environment and thus it has been suggested that exposing MSCs to hypoxia may also contribute to a beneficial effect on their differentiation. There are two main stages in which MSCs can be exposed to hypoxia, the expansion phase when cells are cultured, and the differentiation phase when cells are induced with a chondrogenic medium. This systematic review sought to explore the effect of hypoxia at these two stages on human adult MSC chondrogenesis in vitro. A literature search was performed on PubMed, EMBASE, Medline via Ovid, and Cochrane, and 24 studies were ultimately included. The majority of these studies showed that hypoxia during the expansion phase or the differentiation phase enhances at least some markers of chondrogenic differentiation in adult MSCs. These results were not always demonstrated at the protein level and there were also conflicting reports. Studies evaluating continuous exposure to hypoxia during the expansion and differentiation phases also had mixed results. These inconsistent results can be explained by the heterogeneity of studies, including factors such as different sources of MSCs used, donor variability, level of hypoxia used in each study, time exposed to hypoxia, and differences in culture methodology.
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14
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Gutierrez RA, Fonseca VC, Darling EM. Chondrogenesis of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Using an Arrayed Spheroid Format. Cell Mol Bioeng 2022; 15:587-597. [PMID: 36531862 PMCID: PMC9751248 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-022-00746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The chondrogenic response of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) is often assessed using 3D micromass protocols that use upwards of hundreds of thousands of cells. Scaling these systems up for high-throughput testing is technically challenging and wasteful given the necessary cell numbers and reagent volumes. However, adopting microscale spheroid cultures for this purpose shows promise. Spheroid systems work with only thousands of cells and microliters of medium. Methods Molded agarose microwells were fabricated using 2% w/v molten agarose and then equilibrated in medium prior to introducing cells. ASCs were seeded at 50, 500, 5k cells/microwell; 5k, 50k, cells/well plate; and 50k and 250k cells/15 mL centrifuge tube to compare chondrogenic responses across spheroid and micromass sizes. Cells were cultured in control or chondrogenic induction media. ASCs coalesced into spheroids/pellets and were cultured at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 21 days with media changes every other day. Results All culture conditions supported growth of ASCs and formation of viable cell spheroids/micromasses. More robust growth was observed in chondrogenic conditions. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans and collagen II, molecules characteristics of chondrogenesis, were prevalent in both 5000-cell spheroids and 250,000-cell micromasses. Deposition of collagen I, characteristic of fibrocartilage, was more prevalent in the large micromasses than small spheroids. Conclusions Chondrogenic differentiation was consistently induced using high-throughput spheroid formats, particularly when seeding at cell densities of 5000 cells/spheroid. This opens possibilities for highly arrayed experiments investigating tissue repair and remodeling during or after exposure to drugs, toxins, or other chemicals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-022-00746-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Gutierrez
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Box G-B397, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Vera C. Fonseca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, USA
| | - Eric M. Darling
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Box G-B397, Providence, RI 02912 USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, USA
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA
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15
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Study on βTCP/P(3HB) Scaffolds-Physicochemical Properties and Biological Performance in Low Oxygen Concentration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911587. [PMID: 36232889 PMCID: PMC9569667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for new materials for bone regenerative purposes is still ongoing. Therefore, we present a series of newly constructed composites based on β tricalcium phosphate (βTCP) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) bacteria-derived biopolymer (P(3HB)) in the form of 3D scaffolds with different pore sizes. To improve the polymer attachment to the βTCP surface, the etching of ceramic sinters, using citric acid, was applied. As expected, pre-treatment led to the increase in surface roughness and the creation of micropores facilitating polymer adhesion. In this way, the durability and compressive strength of the ceramic-polymer scaffolds were enhanced. It was confirmed that P(3HB) degrades to 3-hydroxybutyric acid, which broadens applications of developed materials in bone tissue engineering as this compound can potentially nourish surrounding tissues and reduce osteoporosis. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, it is one of the first studies where the impact of βTCP/P(3HB) scaffolds on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), cultured in lowered (5%) oxygen concentration, was assessed. It was decided to use a 5% oxygen concentration in the culture to mimic the conditions that would be found in damaged bone in a living organism during regeneration. Scaffolds enabled cell migration and sufficient flow of the culture medium, ensuring high cell viability. Furthermore, in composites with etched βTCP, the MSCs adhesion was facilitated by hydrophilic ceramic protrusions which reduced hydrophobicity. The developed materials are potential candidates for bone tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, to confirm this hypothesis, in vivo studies should be performed.
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16
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheet Centrifuge-Assisted Layering Augments Pro-Regenerative Cytokine Production. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182840. [PMID: 36139414 PMCID: PMC9497223 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A focal advantage of cell sheet technology has been as a scaffold-free three-dimensional (3D) cell delivery platform capable of sustained cell engraftment, survival, and reparative function. Recent evidence demonstrates that the intrinsic cell sheet 3D tissue-like microenvironment stimulates mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) paracrine factor production. In this capacity, cell sheets not only function as 3D cell delivery platforms, but also prime MSC therapeutic paracrine capacity. This study introduces a “cell sheet multilayering by centrifugation” strategy to non-invasively augment MSC paracrine factor production. Cell sheets fabricated by temperature-mediated harvest were first centrifuged as single layers using optimized conditions of rotational speed and time. Centrifugation enhanced cell physical and biochemical interactions related to intercellular communication and matrix interactions within the single cell sheet, upregulating MSC gene expression of connexin 43, integrin β1, and laminin α5. Single cell sheet centrifugation triggered MSC functional enhancement, secreting higher concentrations of pro-regenerative cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Subsequent cell sheet stacking, and centrifugation generated cohesive, bilayer MSC sheets within 2 h, which could not be accomplished within 24 h by conventional layering methods. Conventional layering led to H1F-1α upregulation and increased cell death, indicating a hypoxic thickness limitation to this approach. Comparing centrifuged single and bilayer cell sheets revealed that layering increased VEGF production 10-fold, attributed to intercellular interactions at the layered sheet interface. The “MSC sheet multilayering by centrifugation” strategy described herein generates a 3D MSC-delivery platform with boosted therapeutic factor production capacity.
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17
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Staubli F, Stoddart MJ, D'Este M, Schwab A. Pre-culture of human mesenchymal stromal cells in spheroids facilitates chondrogenesis at a low total cell count upon embedding in biomaterials to generate cartilage microtissues. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:253-265. [PMID: 35240315 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Material-assisted cartilage tissue engineering has limited application in cartilage treatment due to hypertrophic tissue formation and high cell counts required. This study aimed at investigating the potential of human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) spheroids embedded in biomaterials to study the effect of biomaterial composition on cell differentiation. Pre-cultured (3 days, chondrogenic differentiation media) spheroids (250 cells/spheroid) were embedded in tyramine-modified hyaluronic acid (THA) and collagen type I (Col) composite hydrogels (four combinations of THA (12.5 vs 16.7 mg/ml) and Col (2.5 vs 1.7 mg/ml) content) at a cell density of 5 × 106 cells/ml (2 × 104 spheroids/ml). Macropellets derived from single hMSCs (2.5 × 105 cells, ScMP) or hMSC spheroids (2.5 × 105 cells, 103 spheroids, SpMP) served as control. hMSC differentiation was analyzed using glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantification, gene expression analysis and (immuno-)histology. Embedding of hMSC spheroids in THA-Col induced chondrogenic differentiation marked by upregulation of aggrecan (ACAN) and COL2A1, and the production of GAGs . Lower THA led to more pronounced chondrogenic phenotype compared to higher THA content. Col content had no significant influence on hMSC chondrogenesis. Pellet cultures showed an upregulation in chondrogenic-associated genes and production of GAGs with less upregulation of hypertrophic-associated genes in SpMP culture compared to ScMP group. This study presents hMSC pre-culture in spheroids as promising approach to study chondrogenic differentiation after biomaterial encapsulation at low total cell count (5 × 106/ml) without compromising chondrogenic matrix production. This approach can be applied to assemble microtissues in biomaterials to generate large cartilage construct. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In vitro studies investigating the chondrogenic potential of biomaterials are limited due to the low cell-cell contact of encapsulated single cells. Here, we introduce the use of pre-cultured hMSC spheroids to study chondrogenesis upon encapsulation in a biomaterial. The use of spheroids takes advantage of the high cell-cell contact within each spheroid being critical in the early chondrogenesis of hMSCs. At a low seeding density of 5·106 cells/ml (2 × 104 spheroids/ml) we demonstrated hMSC chondrogenesis and cartilaginous matrix deposition. Our results indicate that the pre-culture might have a beneficial effect on hypertrophic gene expression without compromising chondrogenic differentiation. This approach has shown potential to assemble microtissues (here spheroids) in biomaterials to generate large cartilage constructs and to study the effect of biomaterial composition on cell alignment and migration.
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18
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Xie Y, Sutrisno L, Yoshitomi T, Kawazoe N, Yang Y, Chen G. Three-dimensional Culture and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Interconnected Collagen Scaffolds. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35349995 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac61f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Interconnected scaffolds are useful for promoting the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. Collagen scaffolds with interconnected pore structures were fabricated with poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) sponge templates. The PLGA-templated collagen scaffolds were used to culture human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to investigate their promotive effect on the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. The cells adhered to the scaffolds with a homogeneous distribution and proliferated with culture time. The expression of chondrogenesis-related genes was upregulated, and abundant cartilaginous matrices were detected. After subcutaneous implantation, the PLGA-templated collagen scaffolds further enhanced the production of cartilaginous matrices and the mechanical properties of the implants. The good interconnectivity of the PLGA-templated collagen scaffolds promoted chondrogenic differentiation. In particular, the collagen scaffolds prepared with large pore-bearing PLGA sponge templates showed the highest promotive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0047, JAPAN
| | - Linawati Sutrisno
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, JAPAN
| | - Toru Yoshitomi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, JAPAN
| | - Naoki Kawazoe
- Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Tsukuba, 305-0047, JAPAN
| | - Yingnan Yang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan;, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, JAPAN
| | - Guoping Chen
- University of Tsukuba, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, JAPAN
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Franco RAG, McKenna E, Robey PG, Shajib MS, Crawford RW, Doran MR, Futrega K. Inhibition of BMP signaling with LDN 193189 can influence bone marrow stromal cell fate but does not prevent hypertrophy during chondrogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:616-632. [PMID: 35180395 PMCID: PMC9039850 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) cascades are upregulated during bone marrow-derived stromal cell (BMSC) chondrogenesis, contributing to hypertrophy and preventing effective BMSC-mediated cartilage repair. Previous work demonstrated that a proprietary BMP inhibitor prevented BMSC hypertrophy, yielding stable cartilage tissue. Because of the significant therapeutic potential of a molecule capable of hypertrophy blockade, we evaluated the capacity of a commercially available BMP type I receptor inhibitor with similar properties, LDN 193189, to prevent BMSC hypertrophy. Using 14-day microtissue chondrogenic induction cultures we found that LDN 193189 permitted BMSC chondrogenesis but did not prevent hypertrophy. LDN 193189 was sufficiently potent to counter mineralization and adipogenesis in response to exogenous BMP-2 in osteogenic induction cultures. LDN 193189 did not modify BMSC behavior in adipogenic induction cultures. Although LDN 193189 is effective in countering BMP signaling in a manner that influences BMSC fate, this blockade is insufficient to prevent hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Ann G Franco
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eamonn McKenna
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Md Shaffiulah Shajib
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ross W Crawford
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael R Doran
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Kathryn Futrega
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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20
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Shajib MS, Futrega K, Jacob Klein T, Crawford RW, Doran MR. Collagenase treatment appears to improve cartilage tissue integration but damage to collagen networks is likely permanent. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221074207. [PMID: 35096364 PMCID: PMC8793122 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221074207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When repairing cartilage defects a major challenge is achieving high-quality integration between the repair tissue and adjacent native cartilage. Matrix-rich cartilage is not easily remodeled, motivating several studies to trial enzyme treatment of the tissue interface to facilitate remodeling and integration. Studying and optimizing such processes is tedious, as well as potentially expensive, and thus simpler models are needed to evaluate the merits of enzyme treatment on cartilage tissue integration. Herein, we used engineered cartilage microtissues formed from bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSC) or expanded articular chondrocytes (ACh) to study the impact of enzyme treatment on cartilage tissue integration and matrix remodeling. A 5-min treatment with collagenase appeared to improve cartilage microtissue integration, while up to 48 h treatment with hyaluronidase did not. Alcian blue and anti-collagen II staining suggested that collagenase treatment did facilitate near seamless integration of cartilage microtissues. Microtissue sections were stained with Picrosirius red and characterized using polarized light microscopy, revealing that individual microtissues contained a collagen network organized in concentric shells. While collagenase treatment appeared to improve tissue integration, assessment of the collagen fibers with polarized light indicated that enzymatically damaged networks were not remodeled nor restored during subsequent culture. This model and these data paradoxically suggest that collagen network disruption is required to improve cartilage tissue integration, but that the disrupted collagen networks are unlikely to subsequently be restored. Future studies should attempt to limit collagen network disruption to the surface of the cartilage, and we recommend using Picrosirius red staining and polarized light to assess the quality of matrix remodeling and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shafiullah Shajib
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kathryn Futrega
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Travis Jacob Klein
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross W Crawford
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Robert Doran
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Mater Research Institute – University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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21
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Rhatomy S, Setyawan R, Romulo MA. Enhancement of Chondrogenesis in Hypoxic Precondition Culture: A Systematic Review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.5850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cartilage tear has begun to be treated with stem cells. However, stem cell oxygen level culture has not been evaluated for the best environment to enhance chondrogenesis.
AIM: The purpose of this review is to focus on the hypoxic oxygen level of stem cells culture as a treatment for cartilage tear.
METHODS: A literature search was systemically conducted on PubMed (MEDLINE), OVID, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, and bibliography of selected articles with the terms (“culture”) AND (“stem cell” OR “mesenchymal stem cell” OR “MSC”) AND (“hypoxic” OR “hypoxia”) AND (“cartilage” OR “chondro*”) as the main keywords. A total of 438 articles were reviewed. Thirty-six articles were considered relevant for this systematic review.
RESULTS: The result of this review supports stimulation effects of hypoxic oxygen level stem cell culture in chondrogenesis process. Most studies used 5% oxygen concentration for culture, both of in vivo and in vitro studies. Due to the heterogeneity nature of the included studies, meta-analysis was unable to be conducted.
CONCLUSION: Hypoxia state seems to play an important role in chondrocytes proliferation, differentiation, and matrix production.
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22
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Tejedor G, Contreras-Lopez R, Barthelaix A, Ruiz M, Noël D, De Ceuninck F, Pastoureau P, Luz-Crawford P, Jorgensen C, Djouad F. Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase 1 Directs the Cartilage Protective and Regenerative Potential of Murphy Roths Large Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:604756. [PMID: 34277596 PMCID: PMC8284254 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.604756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Murphy Roths Large (MRL) mice possess outstanding capacity to regenerate several tissues. In the present study, we investigated whether this regenerative potential could be associated with the intrinsic particularities possessed by their mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We demonstrated that MSCs derived from MRL mice (MRL MSCs) display a superior chondrogenic potential than do C57BL/6 MSC (BL6 MSCs). This higher chondrogenic potential of MRL MSCs was associated with a higher expression level of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1), an enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of proline, in MRL MSCs compared with BL6 MSCs. The knockdown of PYCR1 in MRL MSCs, using a specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), abolishes their chondrogenic potential. Moreover, we showed that PYCR1 silencing in MRL MSCs induced a metabolic switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. In two in vitro chondrocyte models that reproduce the main features of osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes including a downregulation of chondrocyte markers, a significant decrease of PYCR1 was observed. A downregulation of chondrocyte markers was also observed by silencing PYCR1 in freshly isolated healthy chondrocytes. Regarding MSC chondroprotective properties on chondrocytes with OA features, we showed that MSCs silenced for PYCR1 failed to protect chondrocytes from a reduced expression of anabolic markers, while MSCs overexpressing PYCR1 exhibited an increased chondroprotective potential. Finally, using the ear punch model, we demonstrated that MRL MSCs induced a regenerative response in non-regenerating BL6 mice, while BL6 and MRL MSCs deficient for PYCR1 did not. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that MRL mouse regenerative potential is, in part, attributed to its MSCs that exhibit higher PYCR1-dependent glycolytic potential, differentiation capacities, chondroprotective abilities, and regenerative potential than BL6 MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maxime Ruiz
- IRMB, INSERM, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Danièle Noël
- IRMB, INSERM, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric De Ceuninck
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Immuno-Inflammatory Disease, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Philippe Pastoureau
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Immuno-Inflammatory Disease, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, INSERM, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Farida Djouad
- IRMB, INSERM, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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23
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Dehghani Nazhvani F, Mohammadi Amirabad L, Azari A, Namazi H, Hosseinzadeh S, Samanipour R, Khojasteh A, Golchin A, Hashemi S. Effects of in vitro low oxygen tension preconditioning of buccal fat pad stem cells on in Vivo articular cartilage tissue repair. Life Sci 2021; 280:119728. [PMID: 34144057 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Progenitor cells-based regenerative strategy has shown promise to repair cartilage, an avascular tissue in which cells experience hypoxia. Hypoxia is known to improve the early chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether hypoxia preconditioning could be used to enhance the regenerative potential of the combination of buccal fat pad stem cells (BFPSCs) and bilayer chitosan-based hydrogel scaffold for articular cartilage repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human BFPSCs were seeded on the bilayer chitosan-based hydrogel scaffolds in the culture medium. The viability and proliferation of cells on the scaffolds were monitored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), MTT assay, and DAPI staining. Hypoxia preconditioned BFPSCs-seeded scaffolds were transplanted into rabbit articular cartilage knee defects for 12 weeks. The newly formed tissue was evaluated by cartilage-specific immunohistological analysis and histological staining. KEY FINDINGS It was found that the chondrogenic differentiation and osteochondral conjunction in articular cartilage defect via BFPSCs-seeded bilayer scaffolds was enhanced by hypoxic preconditioning compared to a normoxic environment. SIGNIFICANCE Based on our study, the integrity with subchondral bone in osteochondral defect was enhanced by BFPSCs on bilayer scaffold. Thus, this study provides evidence on the design of preconditioned cell-seeded bilayer hydrogels for articular cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arezo Azari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Namazi
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Samanipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Khojasteh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Golchin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Sheida Hashemi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Zhou X, Xu W, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhang L, Li C, Yao S, Huang Z, Huang L, Luo D. LncRNA DNM3OS regulates GREM2 via miR-127-5p to suppress early chondrogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells under hypoxic conditions. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:22. [PMID: 34049478 PMCID: PMC8161583 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improved chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by genetic regulation is a potential method for regenerating articular cartilage. MiR-127-5p has been reported to promote cartilage differentiation of rat bone marrow MSCs (rMSCs); however, the regulatory mechanisms underlying hypoxia-stimulated chondrogenic differentiation remain unknown. Methods rMSCs were induced to undergo chondrogenic differentiation under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Expression of lncRNA DNM3OS, miR-127-5p, and GREM2 was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Proteoglycans were detected by Alcian blue staining. Western blot assays were performed to examine the relative levels of GREM2 and chondrogenic differentiation related proteins. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to assess the association among DNM3OS, miR-127-5p, and GREM2. Results MiR-127-5p levels were upregulated, while DNM3OS and GREM2 levels were downregulated in rMSCs induced to undergo chondrogenic differentiation, and those changes were attenuated by hypoxic conditions (1% O2). Further in vitro experiments revealed that downregulation of miR-127-5p reduced the production of proteoglycans and expression of chondrogenic differentiation markers (COL1A1, COL2A1, SOX9, and ACAN) and osteo/chondrogenic markers (BMP-2, p-SMAD1/2). MiR-127-5p overexpression produced the opposite results in rMSCs induced to undergo chondrogenic differentiation under hypoxic conditions. GREM2 was found to be a direct target of miR-127-5p, which was suppressed in rMSCs undergoing chondrogenic differentiation. Moreover, DNM3OS could directly bind to miR-127-5p and inhibit chondrogenic differentiation of rMSCs via regulating GREM2. Conclusions Our study revealed a novel molecular pathway (DNM3OS/miR-127-5p/GREM2) that may be involved in hypoxic chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Zhou
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingangzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangyang Xu
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingangzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeyang Wang
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingangzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingangzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingangzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingangzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Yao
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingangzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Huang
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingangzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishan Huang
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingangzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dixin Luo
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingangzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Tomecka E, Lech W, Zychowicz M, Sarnowska A, Murzyn M, Oldak T, Domanska-Janik K, Buzanska L, Rozwadowska N. Assessment of the Neuroprotective and Stemness Properties of Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Variable (5% vs. 21%) Aerobic Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:717. [PMID: 33804841 PMCID: PMC8063843 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To optimise the culture conditions for human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) intended for clinical use, we investigated ten different properties of these cells cultured under 21% (atmospheric) and 5% (physiological normoxia) oxygen concentrations. The obtained results indicate that 5% O2 has beneficial effects on the proliferation rate, clonogenicity, and slowdown of senescence of hWJ-MSCs; however, the oxygen level did not have an influence on the cell morphology, immunophenotype, or neuroprotective effect of the hWJ-MSCs. Nonetheless, the potential to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes was comparable under both oxygen conditions. However, spontaneous differentiation of hWJ-MSCs into neuronal lineages was observed and enhanced under atmospheric oxygen conditions. The cells relied more on mitochondrial respiration than glycolysis, regardless of the oxygen conditions. Based on these results, we can conclude that hWJ-MSCs could be effectively cultured and prepared under both oxygen conditions for cell-based therapy. However, the 5% oxygen level seemed to create a more balanced and appropriate environment for hWJ-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Tomecka
- Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, 00-867 Warsaw, Poland; (E.T.); (M.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Wioletta Lech
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.L.); (M.Z.); (A.S.); (K.D.-J.)
| | - Marzena Zychowicz
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.L.); (M.Z.); (A.S.); (K.D.-J.)
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.L.); (M.Z.); (A.S.); (K.D.-J.)
| | - Magdalena Murzyn
- Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, 00-867 Warsaw, Poland; (E.T.); (M.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Tomasz Oldak
- Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, 00-867 Warsaw, Poland; (E.T.); (M.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Krystyna Domanska-Janik
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.L.); (M.Z.); (A.S.); (K.D.-J.)
| | - Leonora Buzanska
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.L.); (M.Z.); (A.S.); (K.D.-J.)
| | - Natalia Rozwadowska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland;
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26
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Ren Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Du B, Yang J, Liu L, Zhang Q. Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel with Adjustable Stiffness for Mesenchymal Stem Cell 3D Culture via Related Molecular Mechanisms to Maintain Stemness and Induce Cartilage Differentiation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2601-2613. [PMID: 35014377 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The stemness and differentiation characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in three-dimensional (3D) culture are of great significance for stem cell therapy and cartilage tissue engineering repair. Moreover, due to their mechanical sensitivity, scaffold materials play important roles in various cell behaviors in 3D culture. In this study, the mechanical strength of hydrogel scaffolds was adjusted by changing the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid (HA). It was proven that BMSCs in a low-strength hydrogel could maintain stemness properties by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway for 1 week, while the high-molecular-weight hydrogel with a higher mechanical strength had the potential to promote the direction of cartilage differentiation of BMSCs by opening transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4)/Ca2+ molecular channels, also increasing the expression of type II collagen and SOX9 in BMSCs. This research has a certain reference value for the design of biomaterials for BMSCs' delivery in vivo, as well as the formulation of cartilage repair drug delivery programs based on molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Yunping Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Bo Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Lingrong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China.,Fujian Bote Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, P. R. China
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27
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Monterosso ME, Futrega K, Lott WB, Vela I, Williams ED, Doran MR. Using the Microwell-mesh to culture microtissues in vitro and as a carrier to implant microtissues in vivo into mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5118. [PMID: 33664329 PMCID: PMC7933425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are commonly propagated by serial transplantation of "pieces" of tumour in mice, but the cellular composition of pieces is not standardised. Herein, we optimised a microwell platform, the Microwell-mesh, to aggregate precise numbers of cells into arrays of microtissues, and then implanted the Microwell-mesh into NOD-scid IL2γ-/- (NSG) mice to study microtissue growth. First, mesh pore size was optimised using microtissues assembled from bone marrow-derived stromal cells, with mesh opening dimensions of 100×100 μm achieving superior microtissue vascularisation relative to mesh with 36×36 μm mesh openings. The optimised Microwell-mesh was used to assemble and implant PCa cell microtissue arrays (hereafter microtissues formed from cancer cells are referred to as microtumours) into mice. PCa cells were enriched from three different PDX lines, LuCaP35, LuCaP141, and BM18. 3D microtumours showed greater in vitro viability than 2D cultures, but neither proliferated. Microtumours were successfully established in mice 81% (57 of 70), 67% (4 of 6), 76% (19 of 25) for LuCaP35, LuCaP141, and BM18 PCa cells, respectively. Microtumour growth was tracked using live animal imaging for size or bioluminescence signal. If augmented with further imaging advances and cell bar coding, this microtumour model could enable greater resolution of PCa PDX drug response, and lead to the more efficient use of animals. The concept of microtissue assembly in the Microwell-mesh, and implantation in vivo may also have utility in implantation of islets, hair follicles or other organ-specific cells that self-assemble into 3D structures, providing an important bridge between in vitro assembly of mini-organs and in vivo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Monterosso
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kathryn Futrega
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering (MMPE), Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - William B Lott
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering (MMPE), Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ian Vela
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland (APCRC-Q) and Queensland Bladder Cancer initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland (APCRC-Q) and Queensland Bladder Cancer initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael R Doran
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. .,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering (MMPE), Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. .,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland (APCRC-Q) and Queensland Bladder Cancer initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, Australia. .,Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland (UQ), Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Australia.
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28
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Futrega K, Music E, Robey PG, Gronthos S, Crawford R, Saifzadeh S, Klein TJ, Doran MR. Characterisation of ovine bone marrow-derived stromal cells (oBMSC) and evaluation of chondrogenically induced micro-pellets for cartilage tissue repair in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:26. [PMID: 33413652 PMCID: PMC7791713 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) show promise in cartilage repair, and sheep are the most common large animal pre-clinical model. Objective The objective of this study was to characterise ovine BMSC (oBMSC) in vitro, and to evaluate the capacity of chondrogenic micro-pellets manufactured from oBMSC or ovine articular chondrocytes (oACh) to repair osteochondral defects in sheep. Design oBMSC were characterised for surface marker expression using flow cytometry and evaluated for tri-lineage differentiation capacity. oBMSC micro-pellets were manufactured in a microwell platform, and chondrogenesis was compared at 2%, 5%, and 20% O2. The capacity of cartilage micro-pellets manufactured from oBMSC or oACh to repair osteochondral defects in adult sheep was evaluated in an 8-week pilot study. Results Expanded oBMSC were positive for CD44 and CD146 and negative for CD45. The common adipogenic induction ingredient, 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), was toxic to oBMSC, but adipogenesis could be restored by excluding IBMX from the medium. BMSC chondrogenesis was optimal in a 2% O2 atmosphere. Micro-pellets formed from oBMSC or oACh appeared morphologically similar, but hypertrophic genes were elevated in oBMSC micro-pellets. While oACh micro-pellets formed cartilage-like repair tissue in sheep, oBMSC micro-pellets did not. Conclusion The sensitivity of oBMSC, compared to human BMSC, to IBMX in standard adipogenic assays highlights species-associated differences. Micro-pellets manufactured from oACh were more effective than micro-pellets manufactured from oBMSC in the repair of osteochondral defects in sheep. While oBMSC can be driven to form cartilage-like tissue in vitro, the effective use of these cells in cartilage repair will depend on the successful mitigation of hypertrophy and tissue integration. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-020-02045-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Futrega
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - E Music
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - P G Robey
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - S Gronthos
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R Crawford
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Saifzadeh
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - T J Klein
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M R Doran
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA. .,Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland (UQ), Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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29
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Futrega K, Robey PG, Klein TJ, Crawford RW, Doran MR. A single day of TGF-β1 exposure activates chondrogenic and hypertrophic differentiation pathways in bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:29. [PMID: 33398032 PMCID: PMC7782775 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtually all bone marrow-derived stromal cell (BMSC) chondrogenic induction cultures include greater than 2 weeks exposure to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), but fail to generate cartilage-like tissue suitable for joint repair. Herein we used a micro-pellet model (5 × 103 BMSC each) to determine the duration of TGF-β1 exposure required to initiate differentiation machinery, and to characterize the role of intrinsic programming. We found that a single day of TGF-β1 exposure was sufficient to trigger BMSC chondrogenic differentiation and tissue formation, similar to 21 days of TGF-β1 exposure. Despite cessation of TGF-β1 exposure following 24 hours, intrinsic programming mediated further chondrogenic and hypertrophic BMSC differentiation. These important behaviors are obfuscated by diffusion gradients and heterogeneity in commonly used macro-pellet models (2 × 105 BMSC each). Use of more homogenous micro-pellet models will enable identification of the critical differentiation cues required, likely in the first 24-hours, to generate high quality cartilage-like tissue from BMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Futrega
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela G Robey
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Travis J Klein
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ross W Crawford
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael R Doran
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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30
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Robey PG, Kuznetsov SA, Bianco P, Riminucci M. Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Assays: In Vitro and In Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2230:379-396. [PMID: 33197027 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1028-2_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Populations of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs, also known as bone marrow-derived "mesenchymal stem cells") contain a subset of cells that are able to recapitulate the formation of a bone/marrow organ (skeletal stem cells, SSCs). It is now apparent that cells with similar but not identical properties can be isolated from other skeletal compartments (growth plate, periosteum). The biological properties of BMSCs, and these related stem/progenitor cells, are assessed by a variety of assays, both in vitro and in vivo. Application of these assays in an appropriate fashion provide a great deal of information on the role of BMSCs, and the subset of SSCs, in health and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela G Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Sergei A Kuznetsov
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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31
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Music E, Futrega K, Palmer JS, Kinney M, Lott B, Klein TJ, Doran MR. Intermittent parathyroid hormone (1-34) supplementation of bone marrow stromal cell cultures may inhibit hypertrophy, but at the expense of chondrogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:321. [PMID: 32727579 PMCID: PMC7389809 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) have promise in cartilage tissue engineering, but for their potential to be fully realised, the propensity to undergo hypertrophy must be mitigated. The literature contains diverging reports on the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on BMSC differentiation. Cartilage tissue models can be heterogeneous, confounding efforts to improve media formulations. Methods Herein, we use a novel microwell platform (the Microwell-mesh) to manufacture hundreds of small-diameter homogeneous micro-pellets and use this high-resolution assay to quantify the influence of constant or intermittent PTH(1–34) medium supplementation on BMSC chondrogenesis and hypertrophy. Micro-pellets were manufactured from 5000 BMSC each and cultured in standard chondrogenic media supplemented with (1) no PTH, (2) intermittent PTH, or (3) constant PTH. Results Relative to control chondrogenic cultures, BMSC micro-pellets exposed to intermittent PTH had reduced hypertrophic gene expression following 1 week of culture, but this was accompanied by a loss in chondrogenesis by the second week of culture. Constant PTH treatment was detrimental to chondrogenic culture. Conclusions This study provides further clarity on the role of PTH on chondrogenic differentiation in vitro and suggests that while PTH may mitigate BMSC hypertrophy, it does so at the expense of chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ena Music
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kathryn Futrega
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - James S Palmer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mackenzie Kinney
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bill Lott
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Travis J Klein
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael R Doran
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia. .,Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia. .,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. .,Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute (TRI), University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Australia.
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32
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Chen W, Zhuo Y, Duan D, Lu M. Effects of Hypoxia on Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:332-339. [PMID: 31441734 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190823144928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are distributed in many parts of the human body, including
the bone marrow, placenta, umbilical cord, fat, and nasal mucosa. One of the unique features of
MSCs is their multidirectional differentiation potential, including the ability to undergo osteogenesis,
adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis, and to produce neurons, endothelial cells, Schwann cells, medullary
nucleus cells, cardiomyocytes, and alveolar epithelial cells. MSCs have thus become a hot research
topic in recent years. Numerous studies have investigated the differentiation of MSCs into various
types of cells in vitro and their application to numerous fields. However, most studies have cultured
MSCs under atmospheric oxygen tension with an oxygen concentration of 21%, which does not reflect
a normal physiological state, given that the oxygen concentration generally used in vitro is four to ten
times that to which MSCs would be exposed in the body. We therefore review the growing number of
studies exploring the effect of hypoxic preconditioning on the differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (the 921st Hospital of PLA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Yi Zhuo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (the 921st Hospital of PLA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Da Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (the 921st Hospital of PLA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (the 921st Hospital of PLA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China
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33
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Schwab A, Hélary C, Richards R, Alini M, Eglin D, D'Este M. Tissue mimetic hyaluronan bioink containing collagen fibers with controlled orientation modulating cell migration and alignment. Mater Today Bio 2020; 7:100058. [PMID: 32613184 PMCID: PMC7317236 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofabrication is providing scientists and clinicians the ability to produce engineered tissues with desired shapes and gradients of composition and biological cues. Typical resolutions achieved with extrusion-based bioprinting are at the macroscopic level. However, for capturing the fibrillar nature of the extracellular matrix (ECM), it is necessary to arrange ECM components at smaller scales, down to the micron and the molecular level. Herein, we introduce a bioink containing the tyramine derivative of hyaluronan (HA; henceforth known as THA) and collagen (Col) type 1. In this bioink, similar to connective tissues, Col is present in the fibrillar form, and HA functions as a viscoelastic space filler. THA was enzymatically cross-linked under mild conditions allowing simultaneous Col fibrillogenesis, thus achieving a homogeneous distribution of Col fibrils within the viscoelastic HA-based matrix. The THA-Col composite displayed synergistic properties in terms of storage modulus and shear thinning, translating into good printability. Shear-induced alignment of the Col fibrils along the printing direction was achieved and quantified via immunofluorescence and second-harmonic generation. Cell-free and cell-laden constructs were printed and characterized, analyzing the influence of the controlled microscopic anisotropy on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) migration. Anisotropic HA-Col showed cell-instructive properties modulating hMSC adhesion, morphology, and migration from micropellets stimulated by the presence and the orientation of Col fibers. Actin filament staining showed that hMSCs embedded in aligned constructs displayed increased cytoskeleton alignment along the fibril direction. Based on gene expression of cartilage/bone markers and ECM production, hMSCs embedded in the isotropic bioink displayed chondrogenic differentiation comparable with standard pellet culture by means of proteoglycan production (safranin O staining and proteoglycan quantification). The possibility of printing matrix components with control over microscopic alignment brings biofabrication one step closer to capturing the complexity of native tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Schwab
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - C. Hélary
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Laboratoire de Chimie de La Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Paris, France
| | - R.G. Richards
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - M. Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - D. Eglin
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - M. D'Este
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
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34
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Transforming growth factor-beta stimulates human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell chondrogenesis more so than kartogenin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8340. [PMID: 32433527 PMCID: PMC7239921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study identified kartogenin (KGN) as a potent modulator of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (BMSC) chondrogenesis. This initial report did not contrast KGN directly against transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), the most common growth factor used in chondrogenic induction medium. Herein, we directly compared the in vitro chondrogenic potency of TGF-β1 and KGN using a high resolution micropellet model system. Micropellets were cultured for 7–14 days in medium supplemented with TGF-β1, KGN, or both TGF-β1 + KGN. Following 14 days of induction, micropellets exposed to TGF-β1 alone or TGF-β1 + KGN in combination were larger and produced more glycosominoglycan (GAG) than KGN-only cultures. When TGF-β1 + KGN was used, GAG quantities were similar or slightly greater than the TGF-β1-only cultures, depending on the BMSC donor. BMSC micropellet cultures supplemented with KGN alone contracted in size over the culture period and produced minimal GAG. Indicators of hypertrophy were not mitigated in TGF-β1 + KGN cultures, suggesting that KGN does not obstruct BMSC hypertrophy. KGN appears to have weak chondrogenic potency in human BMSC cultures relative to TGF-β1, does not obstruct hypertrophy, and may not be a viable alternative to growth factors in cartilage tissue engineering.
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35
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Kronemberger GS, Matsui RAM, Miranda GDASDCE, Granjeiro JM, Baptista LS. Cartilage and bone tissue engineering using adipose stromal/stem cells spheroids as building blocks. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:110-122. [PMID: 32184936 PMCID: PMC7062040 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i2.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffold-free techniques in the developmental tissue engineering area are designed to mimic in vivo embryonic processes with the aim of biofabricating, in vitro, tissues with more authentic properties. Cell clusters called spheroids are the basis for scaffold-free tissue engineering. In this review, we explore the use of spheroids from adult mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as a model in the developmental engineering area in order to mimic the developmental stages of cartilage and bone tissues. Spheroids from adult mesenchymal stromal/stem cells lineages recapitulate crucial events in bone and cartilage formation during embryogenesis, and are capable of spontaneously fusing to other spheroids, making them ideal building blocks for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Here, we discuss data from ours and other labs on the use of adipose stromal/stem cell spheroids in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in vitro. Overall, recent studies support the notion that spheroids are ideal "building blocks" for tissue engineering by “bottom-up” approaches, which are based on tissue assembly by advanced techniques such as three-dimensional bioprinting. Further studies on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that orchestrate spheroid fusion are now crucial to support continued development of bottom-up tissue engineering approaches such as three-dimensional bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S Kronemberger
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Renata Akemi Morais Matsui
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Almeida Santos de Castro e Miranda
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Odontology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói 25255-030 Brazil
| | - Leandra Santos Baptista
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25245-390, Brazil
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36
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Silva JC, Han X, Silva TP, Xia K, Mikael PE, Cabral JMS, Ferreira FC, Linhardt RJ. Glycosaminoglycan remodeling during chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-/synovial-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells under normoxia and hypoxia. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:345-360. [PMID: 32086666 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are major components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), which play an important role in tissue homeostasis not only by providing mechanical load resistance, but also as signaling mediators of key cellular processes such as adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Specific GAG types as well as their disaccharide sulfation patterns can be predictive of the tissue maturation level but also of disease states such as osteoarthritis. In this work, we used a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to perform a comparative study in terms of temporal changes in GAG and disaccharide composition between tissues generated from human bone marrow- and synovial-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hBMSC/hSMSC) after chondrogenic differentiation under normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (5% O2) micromass cultures. The chondrogenic differentiation of hBMSC/hSMSC cultured under different oxygen tensions was assessed through aggregate size measurement, chondrogenic gene expression analysis and histological/immunofluorescence staining in comparison to human chondrocytes. For all the studied conditions, the compositional analysis demonstrated a notable increase in the average relative percentage of chondroitin sulfate (CS), the main GAG in cartilage composition, throughout MSC chondrogenic differentiation. Additionally, hypoxic culture conditions resulted in significantly different average GAG and CS disaccharide percentage compositions compared to the normoxic ones. However, such effect was considerably more evident for hBMSC-derived chondrogenic aggregates. In summary, the GAG profiles described here may provide new insights for the prediction of cartilage tissue differentiation/disease states and to characterize the quality of MSC-generated chondrocytes obtained under different oxygen tension culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Teresa P Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Paiyz E Mikael
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA.
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37
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Kronemberger GS, Dalmônico GML, Rossi AL, Leite PEC, Saraiva AM, Beatrici A, Silva KR, Granjeiro JM, Baptista LS. Scaffold- and serum-free hypertrophic cartilage tissue engineering as an alternative approach for bone repair. Artif Organs 2020; 44:E288-E299. [PMID: 31950507 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose stem/stromal cell (ASC) spheroids were used as a serum-free in vitro model to recapitulate the molecular events and extracellular matrix organization that orchestrate a hypertrophic cartilage phenotype. Induced-ASC spheroids (ø = 450 µm) showed high cell viability throughout the period of culture. The expression of collagen type X alpha 1 chain (COLXA1) and matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13) was upregulated at week 2 in induced-ASC spheroids compared with week 5 (P < .001) evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. In accordance, secreted levels of IL-6 (P < .0001), IL-8 (P < .0001), IL-10 (P < .0001), bFGF (P < .001), VEGF (P < .0001), and RANTES (P < .0001) were the highest at week 2. Strong in situ staining for collagen type X and low staining for TSP-1 was associated with the increase of hypertrophic genes expression at week 2 in induced-ASC spheroids. Collagen type I, osteocalcin, biglycan, and tenascin C were detected at week 5 by in situ staining, in accordance with the highest expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) gene and the presence of calcium deposits as evaluated by Alizarin Red O staining. Induced-ASC spheroids showed a higher force required to compression at week 2 (P < .0001). The human ASC spheroids under serum-free inducer medium and normoxic culture conditions were induced to a hypertrophic cartilage phenotype, opening a new perspective to recapitulate endochondral ossification in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S Kronemberger
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Emílio Correa Leite
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Antonio M Saraiva
- Laboratory of Macromolecules, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Anderson Beatrici
- Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Scientific and Technological Metrology Division (Dimci), National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Karina Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Laboratory of Clinical Research in Odontology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Leandra Santos Baptista
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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38
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Zubillaga V, Alonso-Varona A, Fernandes SCM, Salaberria AM, Palomares T. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrospheroids Cultured in Hypoxia and a 3D Porous Chitosan/Chitin Nanocrystal Scaffold as a Platform for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1004. [PMID: 32028724 PMCID: PMC7037297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage degeneration is one of the most common causes of pain and disability in middle-aged and older people. Tissue engineering (TE) has shown great therapeutic promise for this condition. The design of cartilage regeneration constructs must take into account the specific characteristics of the cartilaginous matrix, as well as the avascular nature of cartilage and its cells' peculiar arrangement in isogenic groups. Keeping these factors in mind, we have designed a 3D porous scaffold based on genipin-crosslinked chitosan/chitin nanocrystals for spheroid chondral differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) induced in hypoxic conditions. First, we demonstrated that, under low oxygen conditions, the chondrospheroids obtained express cartilage-specific markers including collagen type II (COL2A1) and aggrecan, lacking expression of osteogenic differentiation marker collagen type I (COL1A2). These results were associated with an increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, which positively directs COL2A1 and aggrecan expression. Finally, we determined the most suitable chondrogenic differentiation pattern when hASC spheroids were seeded in the 3D porous scaffold under hypoxia and obtained a chondral extracellular matrix with a high sulphated glycosaminoglycan content, which is characteristic of articular cartilage. These findings highlight the potential use of such templates in cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zubillaga
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursey, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Ana Alonso-Varona
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursey, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Susana C. M. Fernandes
- Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physico-chemistry for the Environment and Materials, University of Pau and Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, 64600 Anglet, France;
| | - Asier M. Salaberria
- Biorefinery Processes Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Pza. Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Teodoro Palomares
- Department of Surgery, Radiology and Physic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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39
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Jeon JH, Yun BG, Lim MJ, Kim SJ, Lim MH, Lim JY, Park SH, Kim SW. Rapid Cartilage Regeneration of Spheroids Composed of Human Nasal Septum-Derived Chondrocyte in Rat Osteochondral Defect Model. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:81-90. [PMID: 31983036 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00231-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-based therapies have been studied for articular cartilage regeneration. Articular cartilage defects have little treatments because articular cartilage was limited regenerative capacity. Damaged articular cartilage is difficult to obtain a successful therapeutic effect. In additionally these articular cartilage defects often cause osteoarthritis. Chondrocyte implantation is a widely available therapy used for regeneration of articular cartilage because this tissue has poor repair capacity after injury. Human nasal septum-drived chondrocytes (hNCs) from the septum show greater proliferation ability and chondrogenic capacity than human articular chondrocytes (hACs), even across different donors with different ages. Moreover, the chondrogenic properties of hNCs can be maintained after extensive culture expansion. METHODS In this study, 2 dimensional (2D) monolayer cultured hNCs (hNCs-2D) and 3 dimensional (3D) spheroids cultured hNCs (hNCs-3D) were examined for chondrogenic capacity in vitro by PCR and immunofluorescence staining for chondrogenic marker, cell survival during cultured and for cartilage regeneration ability in vivo in a rat osteochondral defect model. RESULTS hNCs-3D showed higher viability and more uniform morphology than 3D spheroids cultured hACs (hACs-3D) in culture. hNCs-3D also showed greater expression levels of the chondrocyte-specific marker Type II collagen (COL2A1) and sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 9 (SOX9) than hNCs-2D. hNCs-3D also expressed chondrogenic markers in collagen. Specially, in the osteochondral defect model, implantation of hNCs-3D led to greater chondrogenic repair of focal cartilage defects in rats than implantation of hNCs-2D. CONCLUSION These data suggest that hNCs-3D are valuable therapeutic agents for repair and regeneration of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Jeon
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Gon Yun
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Lim
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jung Kim
- Orthopedic Department, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11765, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Lim
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Lim
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
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Serum-Free Culture of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates in Suspension Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering Applications. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4607461. [PMID: 31814836 PMCID: PMC6878794 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4607461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate towards bone, fat, and cartilage lineages. The most widely used culture and differentiation protocols for MSCs are currently limited by their use of serum-containing media and small-scale static culture vessels. Suspension bioreactors have multiple advantages over static culture vessels (e.g., scalability, control, and mechanical forces). This study sought to compare the formation and culture of 3D aggregates of human synovial fluid MSCs within suspension bioreactors and static microwell plates. It also sought to elucidate the benefits of these techniques in terms of productivity, cell number, and ability to generate aggregates containing extracellular matrix deposition. MSCs in serum-free medium were either (1) inoculated as single cells into suspension bioreactors, (2) aggregated using static microwell plates prior to being inoculated in the bioreactor environment, or (3) aggregated using microwell plates and kept in the static environment. Preformed aggregates that were size-controlled at inoculation had a greater tendency to form large, irregular super aggregates after a few days of suspension culture. The single MSCs inoculated into suspension bioreactors formed a more uniform population of smaller aggregates after a definite culture period of 8 days. Both techniques showed initial deposition of extracellular matrix within the aggregates. When the relationship between aggregate size and ECM deposition was investigated in static culture, midsized aggregates (100-300 cells/aggregate) were found to most consistently maximize sGAG and collagen productivity. Thus, this study presents a 3D tissue culture method, which avoids the clinical drawbacks of serum-containing medium that can easily be scaled for tissue culture applications.
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De Moor L, Beyls E, Declercq H. Scaffold Free Microtissue Formation for Enhanced Cartilage Repair. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:298-311. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pattappa G, Schewior R, Hofmeister I, Seja J, Zellner J, Johnstone B, Docheva D, Angele P. Physioxia Has a Beneficial Effect on Cartilage Matrix Production in Interleukin-1 Beta-Inhibited Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080936. [PMID: 31434236 PMCID: PMC6721827 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative condition that involves the production of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) that stimulate degradative enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases (ADAMTS) resulting in articular cartilage breakdown. The presence of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is one reason for poor clinical outcomes in current cell-based tissue engineering strategies for treating focal early osteoarthritic defects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a potential cell source for articular cartilage regeneration, although IL-1β has been shown to inhibit in vitro chondrogenesis. In vivo, articular chondrocytes reside under a low oxygen environment between 2–5% oxygen (physioxia) and have been shown to enhance in vitro MSC chondrogenic matrix content with reduced hypertrophic marker expression under these conditions. The present investigation sought to understand the effect of physioxia on IL-1β inhibited MSC chondrogenesis. MSCs expanded under physioxic (2% oxygen) and hyperoxic (20%) conditions, then chondrogenically differentiated as pellets in the presence of TGF-β1 and either 0.1 or 0.5 ng/mL IL-1β. Results showed that there were donor variations in response to physioxic culture based on intrinsic GAG content under hyperoxia. In physioxia responsive donors, MSC chondrogenesis significantly increased GAG and collagen II content, whilst hypertrophic markers were reduced compared with hyperoxia. In the presence of IL-1β, these donors showed a significant increase in cartilage matrix gene expression and GAG content relative to hyperoxic conditions. In contrast, a set of MSC donors were unresponsive to physioxia and showed no significant increase in matrix production independent of IL-1β presence. Thus, physioxia has a beneficial effect on MSC cartilage matrix production in responsive donors with or without IL-1β application. The mechanisms controlling the MSC chondrogenic response in both physioxia responsive and unresponsive donors are to be elucidated in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Pattappa
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Ruth Schewior
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Hofmeister
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Seja
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Zellner
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Brian Johnstone
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, OP31, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Angele
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Sporthopaedicum Regensburg, Hildegard von Bingen Strasse 1, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Constraints to counting bioluminescence producing cells by a commonly used transgene promoter and its implications for experimental design. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11334. [PMID: 31383876 PMCID: PMC6683182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is routine to genetically modify cells to express fluorescent or bioluminescent reporter proteins to enable tracking or quantification of cells in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we characterized the stability of luciferase reporter systems in C4-2B prostate cancer cells in mono-culture and in co-culture with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSC). An assumption made when employing the luciferase reporter is that the luciferase expressing cell number and bioluminescence signal are linearly proportional. We observed instances where luciferase expression was significantly upregulated in C4-2B cell populations when co-cultured with BMSC, resulting in a significant disconnect between bioluminescence signal and cell number. We subsequently characterized luciferase reporter stability in a second C4-2B reporter cell line, and six other cancer cell lines. All but the single C4-2B reporter cell population had stable luciferase reporter expression in mono-culture and BMSC co-culture. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that relative number of luciferase gene insertions per genome in the unstable C4-2B reporter cell population was lesser than stable C4-2B, PC3 and MD-MBA-231 luciferase reporter cell lines. We reasoned that the low luciferase gene copy number and genome insertion locations likely contributed to the reporter gene expression being exquisitely sensitive BMSC paracrine signals. In this study, we show that it is possible to generate a range of stable and reliable luciferase reporter prostate- and breast- cancer cell populations but advise not to assume stability across different culture conditions. Reporter stability should be validated, on a case-by-case basis, for each cell line and culture condition.
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Hall AC. The Role of Chondrocyte Morphology and Volume in Controlling Phenotype-Implications for Osteoarthritis, Cartilage Repair, and Cartilage Engineering. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2019; 21:38. [PMID: 31203465 PMCID: PMC6571082 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-019-0837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Articular chondrocytes are exclusively responsible for the turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of hyaline cartilage. However, chondrocytes are phenotypically unstable and, if they de-differentiate into hypertrophic or fibroblastic forms, will produce a defective and weak matrix. Chondrocyte volume and morphology exert a strong influence over phenotype and a full appreciation of the factors controlling chondrocyte phenotype stability is central to understanding (a) the mechanisms underlying the cartilage failure in osteoarthritis (OA), (b) the rationale for hyaline cartilage repair, and (c) the strategies for improving the engineering of resilient cartilage. The focus of this review is on the factors involved in, and the importance of regulating, chondrocyte morphology and volume as key controllers of chondrocyte phenotype. RECENT FINDINGS The visualisation of fluorescently-labelled in situ chondrocytes within non-degenerate and mildly degenerate cartilage, by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM) and imaging software, has identified the marked heterogeneity of chondrocyte volume and morphology. The presence of chondrocytes with cytoplasmic processes, increased volume, and clustering suggests important early changes to their phenotype. Results from experiments more closely aligned to the normal physico-chemical environment of in situ chondrocytes are emphasising the importance of understanding the factors controlling chondrocyte morphology and volume that ultimately affect phenotype. An appreciation of the importance of chondrocyte volume and morphology for controlling the chondrocyte phenotype is advancing at a rapid pace and holds particular promise for developing strategies for protecting the chondrocytes against deleterious changes and thereby maintaining healthy and resilient cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Hall
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9XD, UK.
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Gale AL, Mammone RM, Dodson ME, Linardi RL, Ortved KF. The effect of hypoxia on chondrogenesis of equine synovial membrane-derived and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:201. [PMID: 31200719 PMCID: PMC6567476 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Joint injury is extremely common in equine athletes and post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), a progressive and debilitating disease, is estimated to affect 60% of horses in the USA. The limited potential for intrinsic healing of articular cartilage has prompted intense efforts to identify a cell-based repair strategy to prevent progression of PTOA. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to become an ideal source for cell-based treatment of cartilage lesions; however, full chondrogenic differentiation remains elusive. Due to the relatively low oxygen tension in articular cartilage, hypoxia has been proposed as a method of increasing MSC chondrogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hypoxic culture conditions on chondrogenesis in equine synovial membrane-derived MSCs (SM-MSCs) and bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). MSCs were isolated from synovial membrane and bone marrow collected from 5 horses. Flow cytometric analysis was used to assess cell surface marker expression including CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, CD45, CD-79α, MHCI and MHCII. MSC pellets were cultured in normoxic (21% O2) or in hypoxic (5% O2) culture conditions for 28 days. Following the culture period, chondrogenesis was assessed by histology, biochemical analyses and gene expression of chondrogenic-related genes including ACAN, COL2b, SOX9, and COL10A1. RESULTS Both cell types expressed markers consistent with stemness including CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, and MHCI and were negative for exclusion markers (CD45, CD79α, and MHCII). Although the majority of outcome variables of chondrogenic differentiation were not significantly different between cell types or culture conditions, COL10A1 expression, a marker of chondrocyte hypertrophy, was lowest in hypoxic SM-MSCs and was significantly lower in hypoxic SM-MSCs compared to hypoxic BM-MSCs. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic culture conditions do not appear to increase chondrogenesis of equine SM-MSCs or BM-MSCs; however, hypoxia may downregulate the hypertrophic marker COL10A1 in SM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L Gale
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Renata M Mammone
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Michael E Dodson
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Renata L Linardi
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Kyla F Ortved
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA.
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Kudva AK, Dikina AD, Luyten FP, Alsberg E, Patterson J. Gelatin microspheres releasing transforming growth factor drive in vitro chondrogenesis of human periosteum derived cells in micromass culture. Acta Biomater 2019; 90:287-299. [PMID: 30905864 PMCID: PMC6597958 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For cartilage tissue engineering, several in vitro culture methodologies have displayed potential for the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Micromasses, cell aggregates or pellets, and cell sheets are all structures with high cell density that provides for abundant cell-cell interactions, which have been demonstrated to be important for chondrogenesis. Recently, these culture systems have been improved via the incorporation of growth factor releasing components such as degradable microspheres within the structures, further enhancing chondrogenesis. Herein, we incorporated different amounts of gelatin microspheres releasing transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) into micromasses composed of human periosteum derived cells (hPDCs), an MSC-like cell population. The aim of this research was to investigate chondrogenic stimulation by TGF-β1 delivery from these degradable microspheres in comparison to exogenous supplementation with TGF-β1 in the culture medium. Microscopy showed that the gelatin microspheres could be successfully incorporated within hPDC micromasses without interfering with the formation of the structure, while biochemical analysis and histology demonstrated increasing DNA content at week 2 and accumulation of glycosaminoglycan and collagen at weeks 2 and 4. Importantly, similar chondrogenesis was achieved when TGF-β1 was delivered from the microspheres compared to controls with TGF-β1 in the medium. Increasing the amount of growth factor within the micromasses by increasing the amount of microspheres added did not further improve chondrogenesis of the hPDCs. These findings demonstrate the potential of using cytokine releasing, gelatin microspheres to enhance the chondrogenic capabilities of hPDC micromasses as an alternative to supplementation of the culture medium with growth factors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Gelatin microspheres are utilized for growth factor delivery to enhance chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in high cell density culture systems. Herein, we employ a new combination of these microspheres with micromasses of human periosteum-derived cells, which possess ease of isolation, excellent expansion potential, and MSC-like differentiation capabilities. The resulting localized delivery of transforming growth factor β1 increases glycosaminoglycan and collagen production within the micromasses without exogenous stimulation in the medium. This unique combination is able to drive chondrogenesis up to similar levels as seen in micromasses that do receive exogenous stimulation. The addition of growth factor releasing microspheres to high cell density micromasses has the potential to reduce costs associated with this strategy for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijith K Kudva
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, box 2450, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Anna D Dikina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jennifer Patterson
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, box 2450, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 block a, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Relevance of Oxygen Concentration in Stem Cell Culture for Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051195. [PMID: 30857245 PMCID: PMC6429522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The key hallmark of stem cells is their ability to self-renew while keeping a differentiation potential. Intrinsic and extrinsic cell factors may contribute to a decline in these stem cell properties, and this is of the most importance when culturing them. One of these factors is oxygen concentration, which has been closely linked to the maintenance of stemness. The widely used environmental 21% O2 concentration represents a hyperoxic non-physiological condition, which can impair stem cell behaviour by many mechanisms. The goal of this review is to understand these mechanisms underlying the oxygen signalling pathways and their negatively-associated consequences. This may provide a rationale for culturing stem cells under physiological oxygen concentration for stem cell therapy success, in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Szojka ARA, Lyons BD, Moore CN, Liang Y, Kunze M, Idrees E, Mulet-Sierra A, Jomha NM, Adesida AB. Hypoxia and TGF-β3 Synergistically Mediate Inner Meniscus-Like Matrix Formation by Fibrochondrocytes. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:446-456. [PMID: 30343640 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions of hypoxia and TGF-β3 in aggregates of human meniscus fibrochondrocytes are synergistic in nature, suggesting combinatorial strategies using these factors are promising for tissue engineering the inner meniscus regions. Hypoxia alone in the absence of TGF-β supplementation may be insufficient to initiate an inner meniscus-like extracellular matrix-forming response in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R A Szojka
- 1 Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Brayden D Lyons
- 1 Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Colleen N Moore
- 1 Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Yan Liang
- 1 Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- 2 Division of Burn and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Melanie Kunze
- 1 Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Enaam Idrees
- 1 Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Aillette Mulet-Sierra
- 1 Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Nadr M Jomha
- 1 Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Adetola B Adesida
- 1 Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Totani M, Liu L, Matsuno H, Tanaka K. Design of a star-like hyperbranched polymer having hydrophilic arms for anti-biofouling coating. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1045-1049. [PMID: 32254771 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03104e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A star-like hyperbranched polymer having hydrophilic poly(ethyleneoxide acrylate) arms (HB-PEO9A) was prepared by a core-first method based on atom transfer radical polymerization. The PEO9A layer coated on a solid substrate was dissolved by water, and effectively inhibited protein adsorption and cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Totani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Keeley TP, Mann GE. Defining Physiological Normoxia for Improved Translation of Cell Physiology to Animal Models and Humans. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:161-234. [PMID: 30354965 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive oxygen gradient between the air we breathe (Po2 ~21 kPa) and its ultimate distribution within mitochondria (as low as ~0.5-1 kPa) is testament to the efforts expended in limiting its inherent toxicity. It has long been recognized that cell culture undertaken under room air conditions falls short of replicating this protection in vitro. Despite this, difficulty in accurately determining the appropriate O2 levels in which to culture cells, coupled with a lack of the technology to replicate and maintain a physiological O2 environment in vitro, has hindered addressing this issue thus far. In this review, we aim to address the current understanding of tissue Po2 distribution in vivo and summarize the attempts made to replicate these conditions in vitro. The state-of-the-art techniques employed to accurately determine O2 levels, as well as the issues associated with reproducing physiological O2 levels in vitro, are also critically reviewed. We aim to provide the framework for researchers to undertake cell culture under O2 levels relevant to specific tissues and organs. We envisage that this review will facilitate a paradigm shift, enabling translation of findings under physiological conditions in vitro to disease pathology and the design of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Keeley
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , United Kingdom
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