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Multinuclear MRI in Drug Discovery. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196493. [PMID: 36235031 PMCID: PMC9572840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous development of magnetic resonance imaging broadens the range of applications to newer areas. Using MRI, we can not only visualize, but also track pharmaceutical substances and labeled cells in both in vivo and in vitro tests. 1H is widely used in the MRI method, which is determined by its high content in the human body. The potential of the MRI method makes it an excellent tool for imaging the morphology of the examined objects, and also enables registration of changes at the level of metabolism. There are several reports in the scientific publications on the use of clinical MRI for in vitro tracking. The use of multinuclear MRI has great potential for scientific research and clinical studies. Tuning MRI scanners to the Larmor frequency of a given nucleus, allows imaging without tissue background. Heavy nuclei are components of both drugs and contrast agents and molecular complexes. The implementation of hyperpolarization techniques allows for better MRI sensitivity. The aim of this review is to present the use of multinuclear MRI for investigations in drug delivery.
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Zong C, Bronckaers A, Vande Velde G, Willems G, Cadenas de Llano‐Pérula M. In Vivo Micro-Computerized Tomography Tracking of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Labeled with Gold Nanocomplexes. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101133. [PMID: 34704382 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanocomplexes have been proposed as contrast agents for computerized tomography (CT) and cell tracking, which is especially useful in stem cell therapy. However, their potential for long-term in vivo cell detection is still unknown. This study proposes an optimized approach to labeling human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) with gold nanocomplexes to evaluate their detection with micro-CT after transplantation at four different rat tissues. The gold nanocomplexes of 0.05 mg mL-1 do not affect cell viability nor osteogenic differentiation capacity, but render fluorescent and radiopaque hPDLSCs. Excellent linear correlation with the number of labeled cells is shown over a wide range (r = 0.99, P < 0.01), with a detection limit of ≈1.2 × 103 cells/µL. In vivo, strong, and durable detection of transplanted labeled cells within 5 days at all investigated areas is seen by micro-CT and immunohistochemical assay. This approach confirms the potential of gold nanocomplexes in longitudinal in vivo cell tracking, which may facilitate their application in CT image-guided interventions commonly used in oromaxillofacial or systemic applications of stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zong
- Department of Oral Health Sciences‐Orthodontics KU Leuven and Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven Leuven 3000 Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Biomedical Research Institute Faculty of Life Sciences University of Hasselt Diepenbeek 3590 Belgium
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC) KU Leuven Leuven 3000 Belgium
| | - Guy Willems
- Department of Oral Health Sciences‐Orthodontics KU Leuven and Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven Leuven 3000 Belgium
| | - Maria Cadenas de Llano‐Pérula
- Department of Oral Health Sciences‐Orthodontics KU Leuven and Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven Leuven 3000 Belgium
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Hariharan A, Iyer J, Wang A, Tran SD. Tracking of Oral and Craniofacial Stem Cells in Tissue Development, Regeneration, and Diseases. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:656-668. [PMID: 34741728 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The craniofacial region hosts a variety of stem cells, all isolated from different sources of bone and cartilage. However, despite scientific advancements, their role in tissue development and regeneration is not entirely understood. The goal of this review is to discuss recent advances in stem cell tracking methods and how these can be advantageously used to understand oro-facial tissue development and regeneration. RECENT FINDINGS Stem cell tracking methods have gained importance in recent times, mainly with the introduction of several molecular imaging techniques, like optical imaging, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound. Labelling of stem cells, assisted by these imaging techniques, has proven to be useful in establishing stem cell lineage for regenerative therapy of the oro-facial tissue complex. Novel labelling methods complementing imaging techniques have been pivotal in understanding craniofacial tissue development and regeneration. These stem cell tracking methods have the potential to facilitate the development of innovative cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Hariharan
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Janaki Iyer
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Athena Wang
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada.
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Friedrich RP, Cicha I, Alexiou C. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092337. [PMID: 34578651 PMCID: PMC8466586 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many promising nanotechnological approaches to biomedical research have been developed in order to increase implementation of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering in clinical practice. In the meantime, the use of nanomaterials for the regeneration of diseased or injured tissues is considered advantageous in most areas of medicine. In particular, for the treatment of cardiovascular, osteochondral and neurological defects, but also for the recovery of functions of other organs such as kidney, liver, pancreas, bladder, urethra and for wound healing, nanomaterials are increasingly being developed that serve as scaffolds, mimic the extracellular matrix and promote adhesion or differentiation of cells. This review focuses on the latest developments in regenerative medicine, in which iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) play a crucial role for tissue engineering and cell therapy. IONPs are not only enabling the use of non-invasive observation methods to monitor the therapy, but can also accelerate and enhance regeneration, either thanks to their inherent magnetic properties or by functionalization with bioactive or therapeutic compounds, such as drugs, enzymes and growth factors. In addition, the presence of magnetic fields can direct IONP-labeled cells specifically to the site of action or induce cell differentiation into a specific cell type through mechanotransduction.
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Sun J, Huang J, Bao G, Zheng H, Wang C, Wei J, Fu Y, Qiu J, Liao Y, Cai J. MRI detection of the malignant transformation of stem cells through reporter gene expression driven by a tumor-specific promoter. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:284. [PMID: 33980305 PMCID: PMC8117323 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Existing evidence has shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can undergo malignant transformation, which is a serious limitation of MSC-based therapies. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor malignant transformation of MSCs via a noninvasive imaging method. Although reporter gene-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been successfully applied to longitudinally monitor MSCs, this technique cannot distinguish the cells before and after malignant transformation. Herein, we investigated the feasibility of using a tumor-specific promoter to drive reporter gene expression for MRI detection of the malignant transformation of MSCs. Methods The reporter gene ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) was modified by adding a promoter from the tumor-specific gene progression elevated gene-3 (PEG3) and transduced into MSCs to obtain MSCs-PEG3-FTH1. Cells were induced to undergo malignant transformation via indirect coculture with C6 glioma cells, and these transformed cells were named MTMSCs-PEG3-FTH1. Western blot analysis of FTH1 expression, Prussian blue staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to detect intracellular iron, and MRI to detect signal changes were performed before and after malignant transformation. Then, the cells before and after malignant transformation were inoculated subcutaneously into nude mice, and MRI was performed to observe the signal changes in the xenografts. Results After induction of malignant transformation, MTMSCs demonstrated tumor-like features in morphology, proliferation, migration, and invasion. FTH1 expression was significantly increased in MTMSCs-PEG3-FTH1 compared with MSCs-PEG3-FTH1. Prussian blue staining and TEM showed a large amount of iron particles in MTMSCs-PEG3-FTH1 but a minimal amount in MSCs-PEG3-FTH1. MRI demonstrated that the T2 value was significantly decreased in MTMSCs-PEG3-FTH1 compared with MSCs-PEG3-FTH1. In vivo, mass formation was observed in the MTMSCs-PEG3-FTH1 group but not the MSCs-PEG3-FTH1 group. T2-weighted MRI showed a significant signal decrease, which was correlated with iron accumulation in the tissue mass. Conclusions We developed a novel MRI model based on FTH1 reporter gene expression driven by the tumor-specific PEG3 promoter. This approach could be applied to sensitively detect the occurrence of MSC malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Guangcheng Bao
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Helin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yuanqiao Fu
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jiawen Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yifan Liao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital affiliated with Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jinhua Cai
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Merckx G, Lo Monaco M, Lambrichts I, Himmelreich U, Bronckaers A, Wolfs E. Safety and Homing of Human Dental Pulp Stromal Cells in Head and Neck Cancer. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1619-1634. [PMID: 33822326 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most common cancers, associated with a huge mortality and morbidity. In order to improve patient outcomes, more efficient and targeted therapies are essential. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) express tumour homing capacity, which could be exploited to target anti-cancer drug delivery to the tumour region and reduce adverse side-effects. Nevertheless, dental pulp stromal cells (DPSCs), an MSC-like population present in teeth, could offer important clinical benefits because of their easy isolation and superior proliferation compared to BM-MSCs. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the tumour homing and safe usage of DPSCs to treat HNC. METHODS The in vivo survival as well as the effect of intratumourally administered DPSCs on tumour aggressiveness was tested in a HNC xenograft mouse model by using bioluminescence imaging (BLI), (immuno)histology and qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo tumour homing capacity of DPSCs towards a HNC cell line were evaluated by a transwell migration assay and BLI, respectively. RESULTS Intratumourally injected DPSCs survived for at least two weeks in the tumour micro-environment and had no significant influence on tumour morphology, growth, angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In addition, DPSCs migrated towards tumour cells in vitro, which could not be confirmed after their in vivo intravenous, intraperitoneal or peritumoural injection under the tested experimental conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our research suggests that intratumourally delivered DPSCs might be used as safe factories for the continuous delivery of anti-cancer drugs in HNC. Nevertheless, further optimization as well as efficacy studies are necessary to understand and improve in vivo tumour homing and determine the optimal experimental set-up of stem cell-based cancer therapies, including dosing and timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greet Merckx
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Group of Cardio & Organ Systems (COS), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Melissa Lo Monaco
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Group of Cardio & Organ Systems (COS), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit-Namur Research Institute for Life Science (IVRU-NARILIS), UNamur - University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Group of Cardio & Organ Systems (COS), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI Unit/MoSAIC, KU Leuven, Herestraat, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Group of Cardio & Organ Systems (COS), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Esther Wolfs
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Group of Cardio & Organ Systems (COS), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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7
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Belderbos S, González-Gómez MA, Cleeren F, Wouters J, Piñeiro Y, Deroose CM, Coosemans A, Gsell W, Bormans G, Rivas J, Himmelreich U. Simultaneous in vivo PET/MRI using fluorine-18 labeled Fe 3O 4@Al(OH) 3 nanoparticles: comparison of nanoparticle and nanoparticle-labeled stem cell distribution. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:73. [PMID: 32607918 PMCID: PMC7326875 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential for treatment of different diseases. However, their working mechanism is still unknown. To elucidate this, the non-invasive and longitudinal tracking of MSCs would be beneficial. Both iron oxide-based nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) have shown potential as in vivo cell imaging agents. However, they are limited by their negative contrast and lack of spatial information as well as short half-life, respectively. In this proof-of-principle study, we evaluated the potential of Fe3O4@Al(OH)3 NPs as dual PET/MRI contrast agents, as they allow stable binding of [18F]F- ions to the NPs and thus, NP visualization and quantification with both imaging modalities. RESULTS 18F-labeled Fe3O4@Al(OH)3 NPs (radiolabeled NPs) or mouse MSCs (mMSCs) labeled with these radiolabeled NPs were intravenously injected in healthy C57Bl/6 mice, and their biodistribution was studied using simultaneous PET/MRI acquisition. While liver uptake of radiolabeled NPs was seen with both PET and MRI, mMSCs uptake in the lungs could only be observed with PET. Even some initial loss of fluoride label did not impair NPs/mMSCs visualization. Furthermore, no negative effects on blood cell populations were seen after injection of either the NPs or mMSCs, indicating good biocompatibility. CONCLUSION We present the application of novel 18F-labeled Fe3O4@Al(OH)3 NPs as safe cell tracking agents for simultaneous PET/MRI. Combining both modalities allows fast and easy NP and mMSC localization and quantification using PET at early time points, while MRI provides high-resolution, anatomic background information and long-term NP follow-up, hereby overcoming limitations of the individual imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Belderbos
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuel Antonio González-Gómez
- NANOMAG Group, Department of Applied Physics, Technological Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Frederik Cleeren
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens Wouters
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yolanda Piñeiro
- NANOMAG Group, Department of Applied Physics, Technological Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Christophe M Deroose
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven/UZ Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Coosemans
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, ImmunOvar Research Group, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willy Gsell
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jose Rivas
- NANOMAG Group, Department of Applied Physics, Technological Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Zare S, Mehrabani D, Jalli R, Saeedi Moghadam M, Manafi N, Mehrabani G, Jamhiri I, Ahadian S. MRI-Tracking of Dental Pulp Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo Using Dextran-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1418. [PMID: 31505807 PMCID: PMC6780915 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to track dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) labeled with dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Dental pulp was isolated from male Sprague Dawley rats and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium F12 (DMEM-F12) and 10% fetal bovine serum. Effects of SPIONs on morphology, viability, apoptosis, stemness, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of DPSCs were assessed. Prussian blue staining and MRI were conducted to determine in vitro efficiency of SPIONs uptake by the cells. Both non-labeled and labeled DPSCs were adherent to culture plates and showed spindle-shape morphologies, respectively. They were positive for osteogenic and adipogenic induction and expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 73 and CD90 biomarkers, but negative for expression of CD34 and CD45 biomarkers. The SPIONs were non-toxic and did not induce apoptosis in doses less than 25 mg/mL. Internalization of the SPIONs within the DPSCs was confirmed by Prussian blue staining and MRI. Our findings revealed that the MRI-based method could successfully monitor DPSCs labeled with dextran-coated SPIONs without any significant effect on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, viability, and stemness of DPSCs. We provided the in vitro evidence supporting the feasibility of an MRI-based method to monitor DPSCs labeled with SPIONs without any significant reduction in viability, proliferation, and differentiation properties of labeled cells, showing that internalization of SPIONs within DPSCs were not toxic at doses less than 25 mg/mL. In general, the SPION labeling does not seem to impair cell survival or differentiation. SPIONs are biocompatible, easily available, and cost effective, opening a new avenue in stem cell labeling in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrokh Zare
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars 71348-14336, Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biotechnology and Agriculture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Fars 71987-74731, Iran.
| | - Davood Mehrabani
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars 71348-14336, Iran.
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars 71987-74731, Iran.
- Comparative and Experimental Medicine Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars 71348-14336, Iran.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Reza Jalli
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars 71348-14336, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Saeedi Moghadam
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars 71348-14336, Iran.
| | - Navid Manafi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran 14348-75451, Iran.
| | - Golshid Mehrabani
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Iman Jamhiri
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars 71348-14336, Iran.
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90049, USA.
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Garcia Ribeiro RS, Belderbos S, Danhier P, Gallo J, Manshian BB, Gallez B, Bañobre M, de Cuyper M, Soenen SJ, Gsell W, Himmelreich U. Targeting tumor cells and neovascularization using RGD-functionalized magnetoliposomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5911-5924. [PMID: 31534330 PMCID: PMC6681073 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s214041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Magnetoliposomes (MLs) have shown great potential as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and as delivery vehicles for cancer therapy. Targeting the MLs towards the tumor cells or neovascularization could ensure delivery of drugs at the tumor site. In this study, we evaluated the potential of MLs targeting the αvβ3 integrin overexpressed on tumor neovascularization and different tumor cell types, including glioma and ovarian cancer. Methods MLs functionalized with a Texas Red fluorophore (anionic MLs), and with the fluorophore and the cyclic Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate (cRGD; cRGD-MLs) targeting the αvβ3 integrin, were produced in-house. Swiss nude mice were subcutaneously injected with 107 human ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells. Tumors were allowed to grow for 3 weeks before injection of anionic or cRGD-MLs. Biodistribution of MLs was followed up with a 7T preclinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner and fluorescence imaging (FLI) right after injection, 2h, 4h, 24h and 48h post injection. Ex vivo intratumoral ML uptake was confirmed using FLI, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) and histology at different time points post injection. Results In vivo, we visualized a higher uptake of cRGD-MLs in SKOV-3 xenografts compared to control, anionic MLs with both MRI and FLI. Highest ML uptake was seen after 4h using MRI, but only after 24h using FLI indicating the lower sensitivity of this technique. Furthermore, ex vivo EPR and FLI confirmed the highest tumoral ML uptake at 4 h. Last, a Perl’s stain supported the presence of our iron-based particles in SKOV-3 xenografts. Conclusion Uptake of cRGD-MLs can be visualized using both MRI and FLI, even though the latter was less sensitive due to lower depth penetration. Furthermore, our results indicate that cRGD-MLs can be used to target SKOV-3 xenograft in Swiss nude mice. Therefore, the further development of this particles into theranostics would be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sofia Garcia Ribeiro
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Sarah Belderbos
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Pierre Danhier
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels B-1200, Belgium
| | - Juan Gallo
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels B-1200, Belgium
| | - Bella B Manshian
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels B-1200, Belgium
| | - Manuel Bañobre
- Diagnostic Tools and Methods/Advanced (Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), PT-Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Marcel de Cuyper
- Laboratory of Bionanocolloids, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, KULAK/KU Leuven, Kortrijk B-8500, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Willy Gsell
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
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10
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Ariji Y, Ariji E, Nakashima M, Iohara K. Magnetic resonance imaging in endodontics: a literature review. Oral Radiol 2018; 34:10-16. [PMID: 30484095 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-017-0301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently been used for the evaluation of dental pulp anatomy, vitality, and regeneration. This study reviewed the recent use of MRI in the endodontic field. METHODS Literature published from January 2000 to March 2017 was searched in PubMed using the following Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms: (1) MRI and (dental pulp anatomy or endodontic pulp); (2) MRI and dental pulp regeneration. Studies were narrowed down based on specific inclusion criteria and categorized as in vitro, in vivo, or dental pulp regeneration studies. The MRI sequences and imaging findings were summarized. RESULTS In the in vitro studies on dental pulp anatomy, T1-weighted imaging with high resolution was frequently used to evaluate dental pulp morphology, demineralization depth, and tooth abnormalities. Other sequences such as apparent diffusion coefficient mapping and sweep imaging with Fourier transformation were used to evaluate pulpal fluid and decayed teeth, and short-T2 tissues (dentin and enamel), respectively. In the in vivo studies, pulp vitality and reperfusion were visible with fat-saturated T2-weighted imaging or contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. In both the in vitro and in vivo studies, MRI could reveal pulp regeneration after stem cell therapy. Stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles were also visible on MRI. Angiogenesis induced by stem cells could be confirmed on enhanced T1-weighted imaging. CONCLUSION MRI can be successfully used to visualize pulp morphology as well as pulp vitality and regeneration. The use of MRI in the endodontic field is likely to increase in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Ariji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan.
| | - Eiichiro Ariji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Misako Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Koichiro Iohara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, 474-8511, Japan
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11
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Wang BL, Wang Z, Nan X, Zhang QC, Liu W. Downregulation of microRNA-143-5p is required for the promotion of odontoblasts differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells through the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases 14-dependent p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4840-4850. [PMID: 30362514 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in various biological processes including cell differentiation. Some researchers suggested that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway had an effect on regulating the odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). This study focuses on the effects of miR-143-5p on hDPSCs by regulating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. The targeting relationship of MAPK14 and miR-143-5p targets were verified by TargetScan and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Through overexpression of miR-143-5p or silencing of miR-143-5p, expressions of miR-143-5p, MAPK14, Ras, MAPK kinase (MKK) 3/6, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OCN) were detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Protein expressions of MAPK14, Ras, and MKK3/6 were determined by western blot analysis. ALP and alizarin red S staining were used to detect mineralization. Initially, MAPK14 was found to be negatively regulated by miR-143-5p. Meanwhile, the upregulated miR-143-5p decreased the p38 MAPK signaling pathway related genes (MAPK14, Ras, and MKK3/6) and odontoblastic differentiation markers (ALP, DSPP, and OCN) expression. On the contrary, the downregulated miR-143-5p increased the p38 MAPK signaling pathway related genes (MAPK14, Ras, and MKK3/6) and odontoblastic differentiation markers (ALP, DSPP, and OCN) expression. Furthermore, ALP activity and mineralized nodules increased after downregulation of miR-143-5p, and after its upregulation, ALP activity and mineralized nodules decreased. Our data suggest that poor expression of miR-143-5p promotes hDPSCs odontoblastic differentiation through the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway by upregulating MAPK14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Liang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xi Nan
- Department of Stomatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Qing-Cai Zhang
- Operation Room, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
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12
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Abstract
Pancreatic islets (PIs) transplantation is an alternative approach for the treatment of severe forms of type 1 diabetes (T1D). To monitor the success of transplantation, it is desirable to follow the location of engrafted PIs non-invasively. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of transplanted PIs is a feasible cell tracking method; however, this requires labeling with a suitable contrast agent prior to transplantation. We have tested the feasibility of cationic magnetoliposomes (MLs), compared to commercial contrast agents (Endorem and Resovist), by labeling insulinoma cells and freshly isolated rat PIs. It was possible to incorporate Magnetic Ressonance (MR)-detectable amounts of MLs in a shorter time (4 h) when compared to Endorem and Resovist. MLs did not show negative effects on the PIs' viability and functional parameters in vitro. Labeled islets were transplanted in the renal sub-capsular region of healthy mice. Hypointense contrast in MR images due to the labeled PIs was detected in vivo upon transplantation, while MR detection of PIs labeled with Endorem and Resovist was only possible after the addition of transfection agents. These findings indicate that MLs are suitable to image PIs, without affecting their function, which is promising for future longitudinal pre-clinical and clinical studies involving the assessment of PI transplantation.
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13
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Argibay B, Trekker J, Himmelreich U, Beiras A, Topete A, Taboada P, Pérez-Mato M, Iglesias-Rey R, Sobrino T, Rivas J, Campos F, Castillo J. Easy and Efficient Cell Tagging with Block Copolymer-Based Contrast Agents for Sensitive MRI Detection in Vivo. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:1787-1800. [PMID: 27093950 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) together with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the preferred tools for monitoring the fate and biodistribution of administered cells in stem cell therapy studies. Commercial MNPs need transfection agents and long incubation times for sufficient cell labeling and further in vivo cell detection. In this work, we have synthesized MNPs coated with pluronic F127 and tetronic 908, and validated their applicability as contrast agents for MRI cell detection on two different cell types: rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and multipotent neural progenitor cell line from mice (C17.2). No transfection agent was needed for a complete MNP internalization, and the uptake was only dependent on MNP concentration in medium and limited on the incubation time. By combining in vivo MRI and ex vivo histology microscopy, we have demonstrated the MRI signal detected corresponded exclusively to labeled cells and not to free particles. Pluronic F127- and tetronic 908-coated MNPs represent promising contrast agents for stem cell tracking due to their ease of use in preparation, their efficiency for cell labeling, and their high sensitivity for in vivo cell detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Argibay
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Clinical University Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesse Trekker
- IMEC, Department of Life Science Technology, Leuven, Belgium.,Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrés Beiras
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Topete
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Taboada
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Pérez-Mato
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Clinical University Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramón Iglesias-Rey
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Clinical University Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomas Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Clinical University Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Rivas
- Applied Physics Department, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Campos
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Clinical University Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Clinical University Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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14
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Biological Characteristics of Fluorescent Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Labeled Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4837503. [PMID: 28298928 PMCID: PMC5337366 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4837503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracking transplanted stem cells is necessary to clarify cellular properties and improve transplantation success. In this study, we investigate the effects of fluorescent superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO) (Molday ION Rhodamine-B™, MIRB) on biological properties of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and monitor hDPSCs in vitro and in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Morphological analysis showed that intracellular MIRB particles were distributed in the cytoplasm surrounding the nuclei of hDPSCs. 12.5–100 μg/mL MIRB all resulted in 100% labeling efficiency. MTT showed that 12.5–50 μg/mL MIRB could promote cell proliferation and MIRB over 100 μg/mL exhibited toxic effect on hDPSCs. In vitro MRI showed that 1 × 106 cells labeled with various concentrations of MIRB (12.5–100 μg/mL) could be visualized. In vivo MRI showed that transplanted cells could be clearly visualized up to 60 days after transplantation. These results suggest that 12.5–50 μg/mL MIRB is a safe range for labeling hDPSCs. MIRB labeled hDPSCs cell can be visualized by MRI in vitro and in vivo. These data demonstrate that MIRB is a promising candidate for hDPSCs tracking in hDPSCs based dental pulp regeneration therapy.
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15
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Argibay B, Trekker J, Himmelreich U, Beiras A, Topete A, Taboada P, Pérez-Mato M, Vieites-Prado A, Iglesias-Rey R, Rivas J, Planas AM, Sobrino T, Castillo J, Campos F. Intraarterial route increases the risk of cerebral lesions after mesenchymal cell administration in animal model of ischemia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40758. [PMID: 28091591 PMCID: PMC5238501 DOI: 10.1038/srep40758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising clinical therapy for ischemic stroke. However, critical parameters, such as the most effective administration route, remain unclear. Intravenous (i.v.) and intraarterial (i.a.) delivery routes have yielded varied outcomes across studies, potentially due to the unknown MSCs distribution. We investigated whether MSCs reached the brain following i.a. or i.v. administration after transient cerebral ischemia in rats, and evaluated the therapeutic effects of both routes. MSCs were labeled with dextran-coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cell tracking, transmission electron microscopy and immunohistological analysis. MSCs were found in the brain following i.a. but not i.v. administration. However, the i.a. route increased the risk of cerebral lesions and did not improve functional recovery. The i.v. delivery is safe but MCS do not reach the brain tissue, implying that treatment benefits observed for this route are not attributable to brain MCS engrafting after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Argibay
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Clinical University Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesse Trekker
- IMEC, Department of Life Science Technology, Leuven 3001, Belgium.,Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Andrés Beiras
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Topete
- Grupo de Física de Coloides y Polímeros, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, México
| | - Pablo Taboada
- Grupo de Física de Coloides y Polímeros, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Pérez-Mato
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Clinical University Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba Vieites-Prado
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Clinical University Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramón Iglesias-Rey
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Clinical University Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Rivas
- Applied Physics Department, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anna M Planas
- Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Clinical University Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Clinical University Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Campos
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Clinical University Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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16
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Gervois P, Wolfs E, Ratajczak J, Dillen Y, Vangansewinkel T, Hilkens P, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I, Struys T. Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Ischemic Stroke: Preclinical Results and the Potential of Imaging-Assisted Evaluation of Donor Cell Fate and Mechanisms of Brain Regeneration. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:1080-1126. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Gervois
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Esther Wolfs
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Jessica Ratajczak
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Yörg Dillen
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Tim Vangansewinkel
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Petra Hilkens
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Tom Struys
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
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17
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Hinderer S, Brauchle E, Schenke-Layland K. Generation and Assessment of Functional Biomaterial Scaffolds for Applications in Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2326-41. [PMID: 25778713 PMCID: PMC4745029 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Current clinically applicable tissue and organ replacement therapies are limited in the field of cardiovascular regenerative medicine. The available options do not regenerate damaged tissues and organs, and, in the majority of the cases, show insufficient restoration of tissue function. To date, anticoagulant drug-free heart valve replacements or growing valves for pediatric patients, hemocompatible and thrombus-free vascular substitutes that are smaller than 6 mm, and stem cell-recruiting delivery systems that induce myocardial regeneration are still only visions of researchers and medical professionals worldwide and far from being the standard of clinical treatment. The design of functional off-the-shelf biomaterials as well as automatable and up-scalable biomaterial processing methods are the focus of current research endeavors and of great interest for fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Here, various approaches that aim to overcome the current limitations are reviewed, focusing on biomaterials design and generation methods for myocardium, heart valves, and blood vessels. Furthermore, novel contact- and marker-free biomaterial and extracellular matrix assessment methods are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Hinderer
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Nobelstrasse 12, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Eva Brauchle
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Nobelstrasse 12, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology (IGVP), University of Stuttgart, Nobelstrasse 12, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Nobelstrasse 12, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at the, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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He X, Cai J, Liu B, Zhong Y, Qin Y. Cellular magnetic resonance imaging contrast generated by the ferritin heavy chain genetic reporter under the control of a Tet-On switch. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:207. [PMID: 26517988 PMCID: PMC4628232 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the strong appeal of ferritin as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reporter for stem cell research, no attempts have been made to apply this genetic imaging reporter in stem cells in an inducible manner, which is important for minimizing the potential risk related to the constitutive expression of an imaging reporter. The aim of the present study was to develop an inducible genetic MRI reporter system that enables the production of intracellular MRI contrast as needed. METHODS Ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) was genetically modified by adding a Tet-On switch. A C3H10T1/2 cell line carrying Tet-FTH1 (C3H10T1/2-FTH1) was established via lentiviral transduction. The dose- and time-dependent expression of FTH1 in C3H10T1/2 cells was assessed by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The induced "ON" and non-induced "OFF" expressions of FTH1 were detected using a 3.0 T MRI scanner. Iron accumulation in cells was analyzed by Prussian blue staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS The expression of FTH1 was both dose- and time-dependently induced, and FTH1 expression peaked in response to induction with doxycycline (Dox) at 0.2 μg/ml for 72 h. The induced expression of FTH1 resulted in a significant increase in the transverse relaxation rate of C3H10T1/2-FTH1 cells following iron supplementation. Prussian blue staining and TEM revealed extensive iron accumulation in C3H10T1/2-FTH1 cells in the presence of Dox. CONCLUSIONS Cellular MRI contrast can be produced as needed via the expression of FTH1 under the control of a Tet-On switch. This finding could lay the groundwork for the use of FTH1 to track stem cells in vivo in an inducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya He
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center For Child Development and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Jinhua Cai
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center For Child Development and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center For Child Development and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center For Child Development and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center For Child Development and Disorders, 136 Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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19
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Yin Y, Zhou X, Guan X, Liu Y, Jiang CB, Liu J. In vivo tracking of human adipose-derived stem cells labeled with ferumoxytol in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion by magnetic resonance imaging. Neural Regen Res 2015. [PMID: 26199607 PMCID: PMC4498352 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.158355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferumoxytol, an iron replacement product, is a new type of superparamagnetic iron oxide approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Herein, we assessed the feasibility of tracking transplanted human adipose-derived stem cells labeled with ferumoxytol in middle cerebral artery occlusion-injured rats by 3.0 T MRI in vivo. 1 × 104 human adipose-derived stem cells labeled with ferumoxytol-heparin-protamine were transplanted into the brains of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurologic impairment was scored at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after transplantation. T2-weighted imaging and enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography were used to observe transplanted cells. Results of imaging tests were compared with results of Prussian blue staining. The modified neurologic impairment scores were significantly lower in rats transplanted with cells at all time points except 1 day post-transplantation compared with rats without transplantation. Regions with hypointense signals on T2-weighted and enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography images corresponded with areas stained by Prussian blue, suggesting the presence of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles within the engrafted cells. Enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography image exhibited better sensitivity and contrast in tracing ferumoxytol-heparin-protamine-labeled human adipose-derived stem cells compared with T2-weighted imaging in routine MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yin
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chang-Bin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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Naito E, Kudo D, Sekine SI, Watanabe K, Kobatake Y, Tamaoki N, Inden M, Iida K, Ito Y, Hozumi I, Shibata T, Maeda S, Kamishina H. Characterization of canine dental pulp cells and their neuroregenerative potential. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:1012-22. [PMID: 26170225 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp cells (DPCs) of various species have been studied for their potentials of differentiation into functional neurons and secretion of neurotrophic factors. In canine, DPCs have only been studied for cell surface markers and differentiation, but there is little direct evidence for therapeutic potentials for neurological disorders. The present study aimed to further characterize canine DPCs (cDPCs), particularly focusing on their neuroregenerative potentials. It was also reported that superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles were useful for labeling of MSCs and tracking with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our data suggested that cDPCs hold higher proliferation capacity than bone marrow stromal cells, the other type of mesenchymal stem cells which have been the target of intensive research. Canine DPCs constitutively expressed neural markers, suggesting a close relationship to the nervous system in their developmental origin. Canine DPCs promoted neuritogenesis of PC12 cells, most likely through secretion of neurotrophic factors. Furthermore, SPIO nanoparticles could be effectively transported to cDPCs without significant cytotoxicity and unfavorable effects on neuritogenesis. SPIO-labeled cDPCs embedded in agarose spinal cord phantoms were successfully visualized with a magnetic resonance imaging arousing a hope for noninvasive cell tracking in transplantation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Naito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Daichi Kudo
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Sekine
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yui Kobatake
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naritaka Tamaoki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Inden
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Iida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Isao Hozumi
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shibata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sadatoshi Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kamishina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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21
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Liu J, Wang L, Cao J, Huang Y, Lin Y, Wu X, Wang Z, Zhang F, Xu X, Liu G. Functional investigations on embryonic stem cells labeled with clinically translatable iron oxide nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9025-33. [PMID: 24969040 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01004c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell based therapies offer significant potential in the field of regenerative medicine. The development of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle labeling and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been increasingly used to track the transplanted cells, enabling in vivo determination of cell fate. However, the impact of SPIO-labeling on the cell phenotype and differentiation capacity of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains unclear. In this study, we wrapped SPIO nanoparticles with stearic acid grafted PEI600, termed as Stearic-LWPEI-SPIO, to generate efficient and non-toxic ESC labeling tools. Our results showed that efficient labeling of ESCs at an optimized low dosage of Stearic-LWPEI-SPIO nanoparticles did not alter the differentiation and self-renewal properties of ESCs. The localization of the transplanted ESCs observed by MRI correlated well with histological studies. These findings demonstrate that Stearic-LWPEI-SPIO nanoparticles have potential to be clinically translatable MRI probes and may enable non-invasive in vivo tracking of ESCs in experimental and clinical settings during cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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22
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Legacz M, Roepke K, Giersig M, Pison U. Contrast Agents and Cell Labeling Strategies for <i>in Vivo</i> Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/anp.2014.32007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Ketkar-Atre A, Struys T, Soenen SJ, Lambrichts I, Verfaillie CM, De Cuyper M, Himmelreich U. Variability in contrast agent uptake by different but similar stem cell types. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4577-91. [PMID: 24399873 PMCID: PMC3876490 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s51588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The need to track and evaluate the fate of transplanted cells is an important issue in regenerative medicine. In order to accomplish this, pre-labelling cells with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents is a well-established method. Uptake of MRI contrast agents by non-phagocytic stem cells, and factors such as cell homeostasis or the adverse effects of contrast agents on cell biology have been extensively studied, but in the context of nanoparticle (NP)-specific parameters. Here, we have studied three different types of NPs (Endorem®, magnetoliposomes [MLs], and citrate coated C-200) to label relatively larger, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, much smaller yet faster proliferating, multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs). Both cell types are similar, as they are isolated from bone marrow and have substantial regenerative potential, which make them interesting candidates for comparative experiments. Using NPs with different surface coatings and sizes, we found that differences in the proliferative and morphological characteristics of the cells used in the study are mainly responsible for the fate of endocytosed iron, intracellular iron concentration, and cytotoxic responses. The quantitative analysis, using high-resolution electron microscopy images, demonstrated a strong relationship between cell volume/surface, uptake, and cytotoxicity. Interestingly, uptake and toxicity trends are reversed if intracellular concentrations, and not amounts, are considered. This indicates that more attention should be paid to cellular parameters such as cell size and proliferation rate in comparative cell-labeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Ketkar-Atre
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Struys
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ; Lab of Histology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- Lab for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Lab of Histology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Catherine M Verfaillie
- Interdepartmental Stem Cell Institute, O&N IV, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcel De Cuyper
- Laboratory of BioNanoColloids, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Trekker J, Leten C, Struys T, Lazenka VV, Argibay B, Micholt L, Lambrichts I, Van Roy W, Lagae L, Himmelreich U. Sensitive in vivo cell detection using size-optimized superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2013; 35:1627-35. [PMID: 24246643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) enabled cell visualization with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently an intensively studied area of research. In the present study, we have synthesized polyethylene glycolated (PEG) MNPs and validated their suitability as MR cell labeling agents in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The labeling of therapeutic potent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with small core and large core MNPs was evaluated. Both MNPs were, in combination with a transfection agent, stably internalized into the MSCs and didn't show an effect on cell metabolism. The labeled cells showed high contrast in MRI phantom studies. For quantification purposes, the MRI contrast generating properties of cells labeled with small core MNPs were compared with large core MNPs and with the commercial contrast agent Endorem. MSCs labeled with the large core MNPs showed the highest contrast generating properties in in vitro phantom studies and in in vivo intracranial stereotactic injection experiments, confirming the size-relaxivity relationship in biological systems. Finally, the distribution of MSCs pre-labeled with large core PEGylated MNPs was visualized non-invasively with MRI in a glioma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Trekker
- IMEC, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI/Mosaic, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Cindy Leten
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI/Mosaic, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Struys
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI/Mosaic, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Lab of Histology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Vera V Lazenka
- Department of Physics, Solid State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Argibay
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Research Lab, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Santiago de Compostela, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Lab of Histology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Liesbet Lagae
- IMEC, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physics, Solid State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI/Mosaic, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Souron JB, Petiet A, Decup F, Tran XV, Lesieur J, Poliard A, Le Guludec D, Letourneur D, Chaussain C, Rouzet F, Opsahl Vital S. Pulp cell tracking by radionuclide imaging for dental tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2013; 20:188-97. [PMID: 23789732 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulp engineering with dental mesenchymal stem cells is a promising therapy for injured teeth. An important point is to determine the fate of implanted cells in the pulp over time and particularly during the early phase following implantation. Indeed, the potential engraftment of the implanted cells in other organs has to be assessed, in particular, to evaluate the risk of inducing ectopic mineralization. In this study, our aim was to follow by nuclear imaging the radiolabeled pulp cells after implantation in the rat emptied pulp chamber. For that purpose, indium-111-oxine (¹¹¹In-oxine)-labeled rat pulp cells were added to polymerizing type I collagen hydrogel to obtain a pulp equivalent. This scaffold was implanted in the emptied pulp chamber space in the upper first rat molar. Labeled cells were then tracked during 3 weeks by helical single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography performed on a dual modality dedicated small animal camera. Negative controls were performed using lysed radiolabeled cells obtained in a hypotonic solution. In vitro data indicated that ¹¹¹In-oxine labeling did not affect cell viability and proliferation. In vivo experiments allowed a noninvasive longitudinal follow-up of implanted living cells for at least 3 weeks and indicated that SPECT signal intensity was related to implanted cell integrity. Notably, there was no detectable systemic release of implanted cells from the tooth. In addition, histological analysis of the samples showed mitotically active fibroblastic cells as well as neoangiogenesis and nervous fibers in pulp equivalents seeded with entire cells, whereas pulp equivalents prepared from lysed cells were devoid of cell colonization. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that efficient labeling of pulp cells can be achieved and, for the first time, that these cells can be followed up after implantation in the tooth by nuclear imaging. Furthermore, it appears that grafted cells retained the label and are viable to follow the repair process. This technique is expected to be of major interest for monitoring implanted cells in innovative therapies for injured teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Souron
- 1 EA2496, Dental School, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité , Montrouge, France
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26
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Bronckaers A, Hilkens P, Fanton Y, Struys T, Gervois P, Politis C, Martens W, Lambrichts I. Angiogenic properties of human dental pulp stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71104. [PMID: 23951091 PMCID: PMC3737205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of capillaries from pre-existing blood vessels, is a key process in tissue engineering. If blood supply cannot be established rapidly, there is insufficient oxygen and nutrient transport and necrosis of the implanted tissue will occur. Recent studies indicate that the human dental pulp contains precursor cells, named dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) that show self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacity. Since these cells can be easily isolated, cultured and cryopreserved, they represent an attractive stem cell source for tissue engineering. Until now, only little is known about the angiogenic abilities and mechanisms of the hDPSC. In this study, the angiogenic profile of both cell lysates and conditioned medium of hDPSC was determined by means of an antibody array. Numerous pro-and anti-angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and endostatin were found both at the mRNA and protein level. hDPSC had no influence on the proliferation of the human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), but were able to significantly induce HMEC-1 migration in vitro. Addition of the PI3K-inhibitor LY294002 and the MEK-inhibitor U0126 to the HMEC-1 inhibited this effect, suggesting that both Akt and ERK pathways are involved in hDPSC-mediated HMEC-1 migration. Antibodies against VEGF also abolished the chemotactic actions of hDPSC. Furthermore, in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, hDPSC were able to significantly induce blood vessel formation. In conclusion, hDPSC have the ability to induce angiogenesis, meaning that this stem cell population has a great clinical potential, not only for tissue engineering but also for the treatment of chronic wounds, stroke and myocardial infarctions.
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Martens W, Bronckaers A, Politis C, Jacobs R, Lambrichts I. Dental stem cells and their promising role in neural regeneration: an update. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 17:1969-83. [PMID: 23846214 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem cell-based therapies are considered to be a promising treatment method for several clinical conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and many others. However, the ideal stem cell type for stem cell-based therapy remains to be elucidated. DISCUSSION Stem cells are present in a variety of tissues in the embryonic and adult human body. Both embryonic and adult stem cells have their advantages and disadvantages concerning the isolation method, ethical issues, or differentiation potential. The most described adult stem cell population is the mesenchymal stem cells due to their multi-lineage (trans)differentiation potential, high proliferative capacity, and promising therapeutic values. Recently, five different cell populations with mesenchymal stem cell characteristics were identified in dental tissues: dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament stem cells, dental follicle precursor cells, and stem cells from apical papilla. CONCLUSION Each dental stem cell population possesses specific characteristics and advantages which will be summarized in this review. Furthermore, the neural characteristics of dental pulp stem cells and their potential role in (peripheral) neural regeneration will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Martens
- Biomedical Research Institute, Laboratory of Morphology, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan, Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium,
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28
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Local overexpression of interleukin-11 in the central nervous system limits demyelination and enhances remyelination. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:685317. [PMID: 23818742 PMCID: PMC3683504 DOI: 10.1155/2013/685317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Demyelination is one of the pathological hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS). To date, no therapy is available which directly potentiates endogenous remyelination. Interleukin-11 (IL-11), a member of the gp130 family of cytokines, is upregulated in MS lesions. Systemic IL-11 treatment was shown to ameliorate clinical symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. IL-11 modulates immune cells and protects oligodendrocytes in vitro. In this study, the cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse model was used to elucidate effects of IL-11 on de- and remyelination, independent of the immune response. Prophylactic-lentiviral- (LV-) mediated overexpression of IL-11 in mouse brain significantly limited acute demyelination, which was accompanied with the preservation of CC1+ mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) and a decrease in microglial activation (Mac-2+). We further demonstrated that IL-11 directly reduces myelin phagocytosis in vitro. When IL-11 expressing LV was therapeutically applied in animals with extensive demyelination, a significant enhancement of remyelination was observed as demonstrated by Luxol Fast Blue staining and electron microscopy imaging. Our results indicate that IL-11 promotes maturation of NG2+ OPCs into myelinating CC1+ OLs and may thus explain the enhanced remyelination. Overall, we demonstrate that IL-11 is of therapeutic interest for MS and other demyelinating diseases by limiting demyelination and promoting remyelination.
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Hilkens P, Gervois P, Fanton Y, Vanormelingen J, Martens W, Struys T, Politis C, Lambrichts I, Bronckaers A. Effect of isolation methodology on stem cell properties and multilineage differentiation potential of human dental pulp stem cells. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 353:65-78. [PMID: 23715720 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are an attractive alternative mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) source because of their isolation simplicity compared with the more invasive methods associated with harvesting other MSC sources. However, the isolation method to be favored for obtaining DPSC cultures remains under discussion. This study compares the stem cell properties and multilineage differentiation potential of DPSCs obtained by the two most widely adapted isolation procedures. DPSCs were isolated either by enzymatic digestion of the pulp tissue (DPSC-EZ) or by the explant method (DPSC-OG), while keeping the culture media constant throughout all experiments and in both isolation methods. Assessment of the stem cell properties of DPSC-EZ and DPSC-OG showed no significant differences between the two groups with regard to proliferation rate and colony formation. Phenotype analysis indicated that DPSC-EZ and DPSC-OG were positive for CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, CD117 and CD146 expression without any significant differences. The multilineage differentiation potential of both stem cell types was confirmed by using standard immuno(histo/cyto)chemical staining together with an in-depth ultrastructural analysis by means of transmission electron microscopy. Our results indicate that both DPSC-EZ and DPSC-OG could be successfully differentiated into adipogenic, chrondrogenic and osteogenic cell types, although the adipogenic differentiation of both stem cell populations was incomplete. The data suggest that both the enzymatic digestion and outgrowth method can be applied to obtain a suitable autologous DPSC resource for tissue replacement therapies of both bone and cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hilkens
- Department of Functional Morphology, Laboratory of Histology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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