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Xu Y, Wang XS, Zhou XL, Lu WM, Tang XK, Jin Y, Ye JS. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for liver fibrosis need "partner": Results based on a meta-analysis of preclinical studies. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:3766-3782. [PMID: 39221071 PMCID: PMC11362880 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i32.3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating liver fibrosis has been demonstrated in several clinical studies. However, their low survival and liver implantation rates remain problematic. In recent years, a large number of studies in animal models of liver fibrosis have shown that MSCs combined with drugs can improve the efficacy of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis alone and inhibit its progression to end-stage liver disease. This has inspired new ways of thinking about treating liver fibrosis. AIM To investigate the effectiveness and mechanisms of MSCs combined with drugs in treating liver fibrosis. METHODS Data sources included four electronic databases and were constructed until January 2024. The subjects, interventions, comparators, outcomes, and study design principle were used to screen the literature, and the quality of the literature was evaluated to assess the risk of bias. Relevant randomised controlled trials were selected, and the final 13 studies were included in the final study. RESULTS A total of 13 studies were included after screening. Pooled analysis showed that MSCs combined with drug therapy significantly improved liver function, promoted the repair of damaged liver tissues, reduced the level of liver fibrosis-related indexes, and effectively ameliorated hepatic fibrosis by modulating the hepatic inflammatory microenvironment, promoting the homing of MSCs, and regulating the relevant signaling pathways, and the treatment efficacy was superior to MSCs alone. However, the combined treatment statistics showed no ame-lioration in serum albumin levels (standardized mean difference = 0.77, 95% confidence interval: -0.13 to 1.68, P = 0.09). CONCLUSION In conclusion, MSCs combined with drugs for treating liver fibrosis effectively make up for the shortcomings of MSCs in their therapeutic effects. However, due to the different drugs, the treatment mechanism and effect also differ. Therefore, more randomized controlled trials are needed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of different drugs in combination with MSCs, aiming to select the "best companion" of MSCs in treating hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xue-Song Wang
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhou
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wen-Ming Lu
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xing-Kun Tang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Jin
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jun-Song Ye
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cere-brovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincal Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
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Xu Y, Zhou X, Wang X, Jin Y, Zhou L, Ye J. Progress of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) & MSC-Exosomes combined with drugs intervention in liver fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116848. [PMID: 38834005 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an intrahepatic chronic damage repair response caused by various reasons such as alcoholic liver, fatty liver, viral hepatitis, autoimmune diseases, etc., and is closely related to the progression of liver disease. Currently, the mechanisms of liver fibrosis and its treatment are hot research topics in the field of liver disease remedy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a class of adult stem cells with self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation potential, which can ameliorate fibrosis through hepatic-directed differentiation, paracrine effects, and immunomodulation. However, the low inner-liver colonization rate, low survival rate, and short duration of intervention after stem cell transplantation have limited their wide clinical application. With the intensive research on liver fibrosis worldwide, it has been found that MSCs and MSCs-derived exosomes combined with drugs have shown better intervention efficiency than utilization of MSCs alone in many animal models of liver fibrosis. In this paper, we review the interventional effects and mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes combined with drugs to alleviate hepatic fibrosis in vivo in animal models in recent years, which will provide new ideas to improve the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in treating hepatic fibrosis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China; School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China; School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China; School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Jin
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China; School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Provincal Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junsong Ye
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China; School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Provincal Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China.
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3
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Panda K, Sood V, Lal BB, Khanna R, Rastogi A, Ramakrishna G, Alam S. Liver histology and hepatic progenitor cell activity in pediatric acute liver failure: Implications for clinical outcome. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14662. [PMID: 38036869 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) activity and regenerative process that follows pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is still not well understood. This clinicopathological study was thus conducted with an aim to study the correlation of liver histology and HPC activity with outcomes in PALF. METHODS All PALF patients with available hepatic histological specimens were included and specimens were analyzed for hepatocyte loss, HPC activity [using cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK19, sex-determining region Y-related high mobility group box(SOX)9 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)], hepatocyte proliferation (using Ki67), and hepatocyte senescence (using p53 and p21). RESULTS Ninety-four children were included: 22 (23.4%) survived with native liver (SNL) (i.e., the good outcome group) while rest (i.e., the poor outcome group) either died [33%, 35.1%] or received liver transplant (LT) [39%, 41.5%]. When compared to subjects with poor outcomes, those in the SNL group exhibited significantly less severe hepatocyte loss, fewer HPC/hpf, more proliferating hepatocytes, and less senescent hepatocytes (p < .05). Increasing severity of hepatocyte loss (adjusted OR: 9.95, 95% CI: 4.22-23.45, p < .001) was identified as an independent predictor of poor outcome. Eighty percent children with >50% native hepatocyte loss had poor outcome within 10 days of hospitalization. CONCLUSION In PALF, more severe hepatocyte loss, higher number of HPC activation, lesser number of proliferating hepatocytes, and greater number of senescent hepatocytes are associated with a poor outcome. Loss of >50% hepatocytes is an independent predictor of poor outcome in PALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Panda
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikrant Sood
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bikrant Bihari Lal
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Khanna
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gayatri Ramakrishna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Alam
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Barrientos-Bonilla AA, Pensado-Guevara PB, Puga-Olguín A, Nadella R, Sánchez-García ADC, Zavala-Flores LM, Villanueva-Olivo A, Cibrián-Llanderal IT, Rovirosa-Hernández MDJ, Hernandez-Baltazar D. BrdU does not induce hepatocellular damage in experimental Wistar rats. Acta Histochem 2024; 126:152117. [PMID: 38016413 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is used in studies related to cell proliferation and neurogenesis. The multiple intraperitoneal injections of this molecule could favor liver function profile changes. In this study, we evaluate the systemic and hepatocellular impact of BrdU in male adult Wistar rats in 30 %-partial hepatectomy (PHx) model. The rats received BrdU 50 mg/Kg by intraperitoneal injection at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 16 days after 30 %-PH. The rats were distributed into four groups as follows, control, sham, PHx/BrdU(-) and PHx/BrdU(+). On day 16, we evaluated hepatocellular nuclei and analyzed histopathological features by haematoxylin-eosin stain and apoptotic profile was qualified by caspase-3 presence. The systemic effect was evaluated by liver markers such as alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), bilirubin, total proteins and serum albumin content. The statistical analysis consisted of a student t-test and one-way ANOVA. BrdU did not induce apoptosis or hepatocellular damage in male rats. Multiple administrations of BrdU in male rats did not induce significant decrease body weight, but increased serum ALT and LDH levels were found. Our results show that the BrdU does not produce hepatocellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abraham Puga-Olguín
- Unidad de Salud Integrativa, Centro de EcoAlfabetización y Diálogo de Saberes, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Arnulfo Villanueva-Olivo
- Departamento de Histología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | | | - Daniel Hernandez-Baltazar
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; Investigadoras e investigadores por México CONAHCyT-Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico.
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5
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Martinez-Castillo M, León-Mancilla B, Ramírez-Rico G, Alfaro A, Pérez-Torres A, Díaz-Infante D, García-Loya J, Medina-Avila Z, Sanchez-Hernandez J, Piña-Barba C, Gutierrez-Reyes G. Xenoimplant of Collagen Matrix Scaffold in Liver Tissue as a Niche for Liver Cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:808191. [PMID: 35463025 PMCID: PMC9022037 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.808191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus-induced liver damage, chronic liver damage due to alcohol, and non-alcoholic liver disease-induced cellular alterations promote fibrosis, cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. The recommended therapeutic option for advanced liver damage is liver transplantation. Extracellular matrix scaffolds have been evaluated as an alternative for tissue restoration. Studies on the biocompatibility and rejection of synthetic and natural scaffolds as an alternative to organ transplantation have been evaluated. Our group has recently described the xenoimplant of collagen matrix scaffold (CMS) in a rat model. However, no complete macroscopic and histological description of the liver parenchyma at the initial (day 3), intermediate (day 14), and advanced (day 21) stages has been obtained. In this study, we described and compared liver tissue from the CMS zone (CZ, CMS, and liver parenchyma), liver tissue from the normal zone (liver parenchyma close to the CMS), and basal tissue (resected tissue from the CMS implantation site). Our data strongly suggest that the collagen matrix xenoimplant is a good niche for hepatocytes, with no rejection, and does not affect liver function tests. The liver can regenerate after damage, but this capacity is inhibited in a chronic injury. At present, the use of CMS after liver damage has not been reported. This biomaterial could be a novel alternative in the field of regenerative medicine for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Martinez-Castillo
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benjamín León-Mancilla
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Ramírez-Rico
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Ana Alfaro
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cells and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniela Díaz-Infante
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge García-Loya
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zaira Medina-Avila
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Sanchez-Hernandez
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristina Piña-Barba
- Materials Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Gutierrez-Reyes
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Gabriela Gutierrez-Reyes,
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Gutiérrez Sáenz de Santa María J, Herrero de la Parte B, Gutiérrez-Sánchez G, Ruiz Montesinos I, Iturrizaga Correcher S, Mar Medina C, García-Alonso I. Folinic Acid Potentiates the Liver Regeneration Process after Selective Portal Vein Ligation in Rats. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020371. [PMID: 35053534 PMCID: PMC8773925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fewer than 30% of patients with liver metastases are eligible for major liver resection, because liver remaining after such a surgery would be insufficient to cover the patient’s needs; this is called a low percentage of future liver remnant (FLR). Folinic acid (FA) has been shown to play a crucial role in cellular synthesis, regeneration, and nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis. The aim of this piece of research was to evaluate the effect of FA as a potential hypertrophic hepatic enhancer agent after selective portal vein ligation (PVL) to ensure adequate FLR. We have confirmed in our rodent model that FA accelerates liver regeneration after PVL and enhances recovery of liver function. These findings may allow more patients to be eligible for liver resection without jeopardizing postoperative liver function. Abstract Liver resection remains the gold standard for hepatic metastases. The future liver remnant (FLR) and its functional status are two key points to consider before performing major liver resections, since patients with less than 25% FLR or a Child–Pugh B or C grade are not eligible for this procedure. Folinic acid (FA) is an essential agent in cell replication processes. Herein, we analyze the effect of FA as an enhancer of liver regeneration after selective portal vein ligation (PVL). Sixty-four male WAG/RijHsd rats were randomly distributed into eight groups: a control group and seven subjected to 50% PVL, by ligation of left portal branch. The treated animals received FA (2.5 m/kg), while the rest were given saline. After 36 h, 3 days or 7 days, liver tissue and blood samples were obtained. FA slightly but significantly increased FLR percentage (FLR%) on the 7th day (91.88 ± 0.61%) compared to control or saline-treated groups (86.72 ± 2.5 vs. 87 ± 3.33%; p < 0.01). The hepatocyte nuclear area was also increased both at 36 h and 7days with FA (61.55 ± 16.09 µm2, and 49.91 ± 15.38 µm2; p < 0.001). Finally, FA also improved liver function. In conclusion, FA has boosted liver regeneration assessed by FLR%, nuclear area size and restoration of liver function after PVL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Borja Herrero de la Parte
- Department of Surgery and Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, ES48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Interventional Radiology Research Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, ES48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.H.d.l.P.); (I.R.M.)
| | - Gaizka Gutiérrez-Sánchez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital, ES08025 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Inmaculada Ruiz Montesinos
- Department of Surgery and Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, ES48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Donostia University Hospital, ES20014 Donostia, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.H.d.l.P.); (I.R.M.)
| | - Sira Iturrizaga Correcher
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, ES48960 Galdakao, Spain; (S.I.C.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Carmen Mar Medina
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, ES48960 Galdakao, Spain; (S.I.C.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Ignacio García-Alonso
- Department of Surgery and Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, ES48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Interventional Radiology Research Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, ES48903 Barakaldo, Spain
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Dollet PE, Hsu MJ, Ambroise J, Rozzi M, Ravau J, André F, Evraerts J, Najimi M, Sokal E, Lombard C. Evaluation of Strategies Aimed at Improving Liver Progenitor Cell Rolling and Subsequent Adhesion to the Endothelium. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720912707. [PMID: 32425073 PMCID: PMC7444224 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720912707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSCs) are a promising
alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation in the treatment of inborn
errors of metabolism. However, as is the case with many mesenchymal stromal
cells, ADHLSCs have shown a low level of engraftment, which could be explained
by the fact that they lack expression of selectin ligand and LFA-1 and only
slightly express VLA- 4, molecules that have been shown to be involved in cell
adhesion to the endothelium. In this paper, we have investigated strategies to
increase their rolling and adhesion during the homing process by (1) adding a
selectin ligand (Sialyl Lewis X) to their surface using
biotinyl-N-hydroxy-succinimide–streptavidin bridges, and
(2) protecting the adhesion proteins from trypsinization-induced damage using a
thermosensitive polymer for cell culture and a nonenzymatic cell dissociation
solution (CDS) for harvest. Despite increasing adhesion of ADHLSCs to E-selectin
during an adhesion test in vitro performed under shear stress,
the addition of Sialyl Lewis X did not increase adhesion to endothelial cells
under the same conditions. Cultivating cells on a thermosensitive polymer and
harvesting them with CDS increased their adhesion to endothelial cells under
noninflammatory conditions, compared to the use of trypsin. However, we were not
able to demonstrate any improvement in cell adhesion to the endothelium
following culture on polymer and harvest with CDS, suggesting that alternative
methods of improving engraftment still need to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Edouard Dollet
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Mei Ju Hsu
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ambroise
- Centre de Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées (CTMA), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Milena Rozzi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Joachim Ravau
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Floriane André
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Evraerts
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Catherine Lombard
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
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8
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Bruno S, Herrera Sanchez MB, Chiabotto G, Fonsato V, Navarro-Tableros V, Pasquino C, Tapparo M, Camussi G. Human Liver Stem Cells: A Liver-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Like Population With Pro-regenerative Properties. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:644088. [PMID: 33981703 PMCID: PMC8107725 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human liver stem cells (HLSCs) were described for the first time in 2006 as a new stem cell population derived from healthy human livers. Like mesenchymal stromal cells, HLSCs exhibit multipotent and immunomodulatory properties. HLSCs can differentiate into several lineages under defined in vitro conditions, such as mature hepatocytes, osteocytes, endothelial cells, and islet-like cell organoids. Over the years, HLSCs have been shown to contribute to tissue repair and regeneration in different in vivo models, leading to more than five granted patents and over 15 peer reviewed scientific articles elucidating their potential therapeutic role in various experimental pathologies. In addition, HLSCs have recently completed a Phase 1 study evaluating their safety post intrahepatic injection in infants with inherited neonatal onset hyperammonemia. Even though a lot of progress has been made in understanding HLSCs over the past years, some important questions regarding the mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. Among the mechanisms of interaction of HLSCs with their environment, a paracrine interface has emerged involving extracellular vesicles (EVs) as vehicles for transferring active biological materials. In our group, the EVs derived from HLSCs have been studied in vitro as well as in vivo. Our attention has mainly been focused on understanding the in vivo ability of HLSC–derived EVs as modulators of tissue regeneration, inflammation, fibrosis, and tumor growth. This review article aims to discuss in detail the role of HLSCs and HLSC-EVs in these processes and their possible future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Beatriz Herrera Sanchez
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,2i3T, Società per la Gestione dell'incubatore di Imprese e per il Trasferimento Tecnologico, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiabotto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Fonsato
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,2i3T, Società per la Gestione dell'incubatore di Imprese e per il Trasferimento Tecnologico, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Victor Navarro-Tableros
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,2i3T, Società per la Gestione dell'incubatore di Imprese e per il Trasferimento Tecnologico, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Pasquino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Tapparo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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9
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Najimi M. Cell- and Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Liver Defects: Recent Advances and Future Strategies. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Neo S, Makiishi E, Fujimoto A, Hisasue M. Human placental hydrolysate promotes the long-term culture of hepatocyte-like cells derived from canine bone marrow. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1821-1827. [PMID: 33132358 PMCID: PMC7804030 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term culture of canine artificial hepatocytes has not been established. We hypothesized that human placental hydrolysate (hPH) may support the long-term
culture of differentiated hepatocyte-like cells. Canine bone marrow cells were cultured using modified hepatocyte growth medium supplemented with hPH.
Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemical analysis for albumin, qualitative RT-PCR for cytochrome P450 1A1
(CYP1A1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), Cytokeratin 7 (CK7), CD90, CD44, and CD34, and functional analyses of CYP450 activity and low-density lipoprotein
(LDL) uptake were performed. Cultured hepatocyte-like cells were able to maintain hepatocyte characteristics, including morphology, albumin synthesis, CYP450
activity, and LDL uptake for 80 days. Thus, hPH may be a potential facilitator for the long-term culture of hepatocyte-like cells. Clinicopathologically, this
culture protocol of artificial hepatocytes will contribute to liver function evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako Neo
- Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Eri Makiishi
- Laboratory of Small Animal Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Ayumi Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Small Animal Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hisasue
- Laboratory of Small Animal Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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11
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El-Kehdy H, Najar M, De Kock J, Agha DM, Rogiers V, Merimi M, Lagneaux L, Sokal EM, Najimi M. Inflammation Differentially Modulates the Biological Features of Adult Derived Human Liver Stem/Progenitor Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071640. [PMID: 32650454 PMCID: PMC7408415 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy from concept to cure closely depends on the optimization of conditions that allow a better survival and favor the cells to achieve efficient liver regeneration. We have previously demonstrated that adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSC) display significant features that support their clinical development. The current work aims at studying the impact of a sustained pro-inflammatory environment on the principal biological features of ADHLSC in vitro. METHODS: ADHLSC from passages 4–7 were exposed to a cocktail of inflammatory cytokines for 24 h and 9 days and subsequently analyzed for their viability, expression, and secretion profiles by using flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and antibody array assay. The impact of inflammation on the hepatocytic differentiation potential of ADHLSC was also evaluated. RESULTS: ADHLSC treated with a pro-inflammatory cocktail displayed significant decrease of cell yield at both times of treatment while cell mortality was observed at 9 days post-priming. After 24 h, no significant changes in the immuno-phenotype of ADHLSC expression profile could be noticed while after 9 days, the expression profile of relevant markers has changed both in the basal conditions and after inflammation treatment. Inflammation cocktail enhanced the release of IL-6, IL-8, CCL5, monocyte-chemo-attractant protein-2 and 3, CXCL1/GRO, and CXCL5/ENA78. Furthermore, while IP-10 secretion was increased after 24 h priming, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhanced secretion was noticed after 9 days treatment. Finally, priming of ADHLSC did not affect their potential to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that ADHLSCs are highly sensitive to inflammation and respond to such signals by adjusting their gene and protein expression. Accordingly, monitoring the inflammatory status of patients at the time of cell transplantation, will certainly help in enhancing ADHLSC safety and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda El-Kehdy
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (H.E.-K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada;
| | - Joery De Kock
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (J.D.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Douaa Moussa Agha
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (HEMEXP), Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (D.M.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (J.D.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Makram Merimi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (HEMEXP), Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (D.M.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Etienne M. Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (H.E.-K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (H.E.-K.); (E.M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Hepatogenic Potential and Liver Regeneration Effect of Human Liver-derived Mesenchymal-Like Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061521. [PMID: 32580448 PMCID: PMC7348751 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human liver-derived stem cells (hLD-SCs) have been proposed as a possible resource for stem cell therapy in patients with irreversible liver diseases. However, it is not known whether liver resident hLD-SCs can differentiate toward a hepatic fate better than mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from other origins. In this study, we compared the differentiation ability and regeneration potency of hLD-SCs with those of human umbilical cord matrix-derived stem cells (hUC-MSCs) by inducing hepatic differentiation. Undifferentiated hLD-SCs expressed relatively high levels of endoderm-related markers (GATA4 and FOXA1). During directed hepatic differentiation supported by two small molecules (Fasudil and 5-azacytidine), hLD-SCs presented more advanced mitochondrial respiration compared to hUC-MSCs. Moreover, hLD-SCs featured higher numbers of hepatic progenitor cell markers on day 14 of differentiation (CPM and CD133) and matured into hepatocyte-like cells by day 7 through 21 with increased hepatocyte markers (ALB, HNF4A, and AFP). During in vivo cell transplantation, hLD-SCs migrated into the liver of ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced mice within 2 h and relieved liver injury. In the thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury mouse model, transplanted hLD-SCs trafficked into the liver and spontaneously matured into hepatocyte-like cells within 14 days. These results collectively suggest that hLD-SCs hold greater hepatogenic potential, and hepatic differentiation-induced hLD-SCs may be a promising source of stem cells for liver regeneration.
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13
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Pastore N, Huynh T, Herz NJ, Calcagni' A, Klisch TJ, Brunetti L, Kim KH, De Giorgi M, Hurley A, Carissimo A, Mutarelli M, Aleksieva N, D'Orsi L, Lagor WR, Moore DD, Settembre C, Finegold MJ, Forbes SJ, Ballabio A. TFEB regulates murine liver cell fate during development and regeneration. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2461. [PMID: 32424153 PMCID: PMC7235048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that pluripotent stem cells in fetal and postnatal liver (LPCs) can differentiate into both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. However, the signaling pathways implicated in the differentiation of LPCs are still incompletely understood. Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy, is known to be involved in osteoblast and myeloid differentiation, but its role in lineage commitment in the liver has not been investigated. Here we show that during development and upon regeneration TFEB drives the differentiation status of murine LPCs into the progenitor/cholangiocyte lineage while inhibiting hepatocyte differentiation. Genetic interaction studies show that Sox9, a marker of precursor and biliary cells, is a direct transcriptional target of TFEB and a primary mediator of its effects on liver cell fate. In summary, our findings identify an unexplored pathway that controls liver cell lineage commitment and whose dysregulation may play a role in biliary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Pastore
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Tuong Huynh
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Niculin J Herz
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alessia Calcagni'
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tiemo J Klisch
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lorenzo Brunetti
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kangho Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marco De Giorgi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ayrea Hurley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Annamaria Carissimo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, NA, 80078, Italy
| | | | - Niya Aleksieva
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Luca D'Orsi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, NA, 80078, Italy
| | - William R Lagor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, NA, 80078, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics, Federico II University, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Milton J Finegold
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, NA, 80078, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics, Federico II University, Naples, 80131, Italy.
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14
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Tricot T, De Boeck J, Verfaillie C. Alternative Cell Sources for Liver Parenchyma Repopulation: Where Do We Stand? Cells 2020; 9:E566. [PMID: 32121068 PMCID: PMC7140465 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic liver failure is a highly prevalent medical condition with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, the therapy is orthotopic liver transplantation. However, in some instances, chiefly in the setting of metabolic diseases, transplantation of individual cells, specifically functional hepatocytes, can be an acceptable alternative. The gold standard for this therapy is the use of primary human hepatocytes, isolated from livers that are not suitable for whole organ transplantations. Unfortunately, primary human hepatocytes are scarcely available, which has led to the evaluation of alternative sources of functional hepatocytes. In this review, we will compare the ability of most of these candidate alternative cell sources to engraft and repopulate the liver of preclinical animal models with the repopulation ability found with primary human hepatocytes. We will discuss the current shortcomings of the different cell types, and some of the next steps that we believe need to be taken to create alternative hepatocyte progeny capable of regenerating the failing liver.
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15
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Messina A, Luce E, Hussein M, Dubart-Kupperschmitt A. Pluripotent-Stem-Cell-Derived Hepatic Cells: Hepatocytes and Organoids for Liver Therapy and Regeneration. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020420. [PMID: 32059501 PMCID: PMC7072243 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a very complex organ that ensures numerous functions; it is thus susceptible to multiple types of damage and dysfunction. Since 1983, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has been considered the only medical solution available to patients when most of their liver function is lost. Unfortunately, the number of patients waiting for OLT is worryingly increasing, and extracorporeal liver support devices are not yet able to counteract the problem. In this review, the current and expected methodologies in liver regeneration are briefly analyzed. In particular, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) as a source of hepatic cells for liver therapy and regeneration are discussed. Principles of hPSC differentiation into hepatocytes are explored, along with the current limitations that have led to the development of 3D culture systems and organoid production. Expected applications of these organoids are discussed with particular attention paid to bio artificial liver (BAL) devices and liver bio-fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Messina
- INSERM unité mixte de recherche (UMR_S) 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (A.M.)
- UMR_S 1193, Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Hépatinov, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Eléanor Luce
- INSERM unité mixte de recherche (UMR_S) 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (A.M.)
- UMR_S 1193, Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Hépatinov, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Marwa Hussein
- INSERM unité mixte de recherche (UMR_S) 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (A.M.)
- UMR_S 1193, Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Hépatinov, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Anne Dubart-Kupperschmitt
- INSERM unité mixte de recherche (UMR_S) 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (A.M.)
- UMR_S 1193, Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Hépatinov, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-145595138
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16
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Hu C, Wu Z, Li L. Mesenchymal stromal cells promote liver regeneration through regulation of immune cells. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:893-903. [PMID: 32071558 PMCID: PMC7019139 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.39725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is sensitive to pathogen-induced acute or chronic liver injury, and liver transplantation (LT) is the only effective strategy for end-stage liver diseases. However, the clinical application is limited by a shortage of liver organs, immunological rejection and high cost. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has gradually become a hot topic for promoting liver regeneration and repairing liver injury in various liver diseases, since MSCs are reported to migrate toward injured tissues, undergo hepatogenic differentiation, inhibit inflammatory factor release and enhance the proliferation of liver cells in vivo. MSCs exert immunoregulatory effects through cell-cell contact and the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors to inhibit liver inflammation and promote liver regeneration. In addition, MSCs are reported to effectively inhibit the activation of cells of the innate immune system, including macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes and other immune cells, and inhibit the activation of cells of the adaptive immune system, including T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and subsets of T cells or B cells. In the current review, we mainly focus on the potential effects and mechanisms of MSCs in inhibiting the activation of immune cells to attenuate liver injury in models or patients with acute liver failure (ALF), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver fibrosis and in patients or models after LT. We highlight that MSC transplantation may replace general therapies for eliminating acute or chronic liver injury in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhongwen Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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17
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Adult Human Liver: Hype or Hope? Cells 2019; 8:cells8101127. [PMID: 31546729 PMCID: PMC6830330 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases constitute a significant economic, social, and biomedical burden. Among commonly adopted approaches, only organ transplantation can radically help patients with end-stage liver pathologies. Cell therapy with hepatocytes as a treatment for chronic liver disease has demonstrated promising results. However, quality human hepatocytes are in short supply. Stem/progenitor cells capable of differentiating into functionally active hepatocytes provide an attractive alternative approach to cell therapy for liver diseases, as well as to liver-tissue engineering, drug screening, and basic research. The application of methods generally used to isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and maintain them in culture to human liver tissue provides cells, designated here as liver MSCs. They have much in common with MSCs from other tissues, but differ in two aspects-expression of a range of hepatocyte-specific genes and, possibly, inherent commitment to hepatogenic differentiation. The aim of this review is to analyze data regarding liver MSCs, probably another type of liver stem/progenitor cells different from hepatic stellate cells or so-called hepatic progenitor cells. The review presents an analysis of the phenotypic characteristics of liver MSCs, their differentiation and therapeutic potential, methods for isolating these cells from human liver, and discusses issues of their origin and heterogeneity. Human liver MSCs are a fascinating object of fundamental research with a potential for important practical applications.
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18
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Human Hepatocytes and Differentiated Adult-Derived Human Liver Stem/Progenitor Cells Display In Vitro Immunosuppressive Properties Mediated, at Least in Part, through the Nonclassical HLA Class I Molecule HLA-G. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:8250584. [PMID: 31612154 PMCID: PMC6757295 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8250584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges in liver cell therapy (LCT) is the induction of a tolerogenic microenvironment to promote graft acceptance in the recipient. Little is known about the immunomodulatory potential of the hepatic cells used in liver cell therapy. In this work, we wanted to evaluate the immunosuppressive properties of human hepatocytes and adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSCs), as well as the potential involvement of the immunomodulatory molecule HLA-G. We demonstrated that both cell types were capable of inhibiting the proliferative response of PBMCs to an allogenic stimulus and that the immune inhibitory potential of ADHLSCs, although lower than that of hepatocytes, increased after hepatogenic differentiation. We demonstrated that liver cells express HLA-G and that the immune inhibition pattern was clearly associated to its expression. Interestingly, HLA-G expression increased after the third step of differentiation, wherein oncostatin M (OSM) was added. A 48 hr treatment with OSM was sufficient to induce HLA-G expression in ADHLSCs and result in immune inhibition. Surprisingly, blocking HLA-G partially reversed the immune inhibition mediated by hepatocytes and differentiated ADHLSCs, but not that of undifferentiated ADHLSCs, suggesting that additional immune inhibitory mechanisms may be used by these cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that both hepatocytes and ADHLSCs present immunomodulatory properties mediated, at least in part, through HLA-G, which can be upregulated following hepatogenic differentiation or liver cell pretreatment with OSM. These observations open up new perspectives for the induction of tolerance following LCT and for potential therapeutic applications of these liver cells.
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19
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Mardpour S, Hamidieh AA. Adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells as sensors of inflammation: a potential therapy for liver disorders. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2019; 8:286-288. [PMID: 31245416 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2019.01.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soura Mardpour
- Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Department, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Crema A, Ledda M, Fioretti D, Lolli MG, Sanchez M, Carico E, Marchese R, Rinaldi M, Lisi A. Combination of cord blood-derived human hepatic progenitors and hepatogenic factors strongly improves recovery after acute liver injury in mice through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1031-1043. [PMID: 30942524 DOI: 10.1002/term.2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy represents a promising alternative strategy for end-stage liver disease, and hepatic progenitors are the best candidates. The possibility to maximize the paracrine effects of transplanted cells represents a great potential benefit for cell therapy success. We studied how cell type and microenvironment modulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the onset of hepatocyte commitment was characterized by the presence of nuclear truncated β-catenin. In vivo, we analyzed the effect of human hepatic progenitors on damage recovery and functional regeneration in a mouse model of acute liver injury, either in combination or in absence of a selected mix of hepatogenic factors. Animals injected with human hepatic progenitors and hepatogenic factors showed improved engraftment triggering the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade. Human hepatic progenitors expressing the human oval cell marker OV6 displayed a consistent colocalization with β-catenin and colocalized with Wnt1 main ligand of the canonical pathway. Wnt5a, on the contrary, was expressed in distinct liver cell populations. Epithelial mesenchymal transition-related markers showed enhanced expression and wider distribution, and the hepato-mesenchymal population Thy1 + CK19- was also present. Control animals injected with hepatogenic factors alone exhibited higher β-catenin, decreased Wnt5a levels, and persistent proliferation of the hepato-mesenchymal population. In conclusion, the combination of human hepatic progenitors with selected hepatogenic factors creates a positive synergy with local microenvironment, ameliorates cell engraftment, stimulates and accelerates regenerative process, and improves the rescue of hepatic function by modulating the Wnt/βcatenin signaling and activating hepato-mesenchymal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Crema
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Ledda
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Fioretti
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Lolli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Sanchez
- Core Facilities, Cytometry Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Carico
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Monica Rinaldi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lisi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
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21
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Najar M, Crompot E, Raicevic G, Sokal EM, Najimi M, Lagneaux L. Cytokinome of adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells: immunological and inflammatory features. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2018; 7:331-344. [PMID: 30498709 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2018.05.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Being non-immunogenic and capable of achieving major metabolic liver functions, adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSCs) are of special interest in the field of liver cell therapy. The cytokine repertoire of engrafted cells may have critical impacts on the immune response balance, particularly during cell transplantation. Methods In this work, we analyzed the cytokinome of ADHLSCs during hepatogenic differentiation (HD) following stimulation with a mixture of inflammatory cytokines (I) in vitro and compared it to that of mature hepatocytes. Results Independent of their hepatic state, ADHLSCs showed no constitutive expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which were significantly induced by inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, CCL5, IL-12a, IL-12b, IL-23p19, IL-27p28 and EBI-3). IL1-RA and IDO-1, as immunoregulatory cytokines, were highly induced in undifferentiated ADHLSCs, whereas TGF-β was downregulated by both hepatic and inflammatory events. Interestingly, TDO-1 was exclusively expressed in ADHLSCs after hepatic differentiation and enhanced by inflammatory cytokines. Compared to mature hepatocytes, hepatic-differentiated ADHLSCs showed significantly different cytokine expression patterns. Conclusions By establishing the cytokinome of ADHLSCs and highlighting their immunological and inflammatory features, we can enhance our knowledge about the safety and efficiency of the transplantation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, Bâtiment de Transfusion (Level +1), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Emerence Crompot
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, Bâtiment de Transfusion (Level +1), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Gordana Raicevic
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, Bâtiment de Transfusion (Level +1), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Etienne M Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, Bâtiment de Transfusion (Level +1), Brussels 1070, Belgium
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22
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Sargiacomo C, El-Kehdy H, Pourcher G, Stieger B, Najimi M, Sokal E. Age-dependent glycosylation of the sodium taurocholate cotransporter polypeptide: From fetal to adult human livers. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:693-702. [PMID: 29881821 PMCID: PMC5983131 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium taurocholate cotransporter polypeptide (NTCP), mainly expressed on the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes, is one of the major transporters responsible for liver bile acid (BA) re-uptake. NTCP transports conjugated BA from the blood into hepatocytes and is crucial for correct enterohepatic circulation. Studies have shown that insufficient hepatic clearance of BA correlates with elevated serum BA in infants younger than 1 year of age. In the current study, we investigated human NTCP messenger RNA and protein expression by using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting in isolated and cryopreserved human hepatocytes from two different age groups, below and above 1 year of age. Here, we show that NTCP messenger RNA expression is not modulated whereas NTCP protein posttranslational glycosylation is modulated in an age-dependent manner. These results were confirmed by quantification analysis of NTCP 55-kDa N-glycosylated bands, which showed significantly less total NTCP protein in donors below 1 year of age compared to donors older than 1 year. NTCP tissue localization was also analyzed by means of immunofluorescence. This revealed that NTCP cellular localization in fetal samples was mainly perinuclear, suggesting that NTCP is not glycosylated, while its postnatal localization on the plasma membrane is age dependent compared to multidrug resistant protein 2, which is apical starting in fetal life. Conclusion: After birth, the NTCP age-dependent maturation process requires approximately 1 year to complete NTCP glycosylation in human hepatocytes. Therefore, NTCP late posttranslational glycosylation appears to be important for correct NTCP membrane localization, which might explain physiologic cholestasis in neonatal life and might play a central role for HBV infection after birth. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:693-702).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Sargiacomo
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | - Hoda El-Kehdy
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | - Guillaume Pourcher
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris Paris Descartes University Paris France
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
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23
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Abstract
From its discovery in the late nineteenth century, as a 'complement' to the cellular immune response, the complement system has been widely affirmed as a powerful controller of innate and adaptive immune responses. In recent decades however, new roles for complement have been discovered, with multiple complement proteins now known to function in a broad array of non-immune systems. This includes during development, where complement exerts control over stem cell populations from fertilization and implantation throughout embryogenesis and beyond post-natal development. It is involved in processes as diverse as cell localisation, tissue morphogenesis, and the growth and refinement of the brain. Such physiological actions of complement have also been described in adult stem cell populations, with roles in proliferation, differentiation, survival, and regeneration. With such a broad range of complement functions now described, it is likely that current research only describes a fraction of the full reach of complement proteins. Here, we review how complement control of physiological cell processes has been harnessed in stem cell populations throughout both development and in adult physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Hawksworth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liam G Coulthard
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susanna Mantovani
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Wesley Medical Research, Auchenflower, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Wesley Medical Research, Auchenflower, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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24
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Sokal EM, Lombard CA, Roelants V, Najimi M, Varma S, Sargiacomo C, Ravau J, Mazza G, Jamar F, Versavau J, Jacobs V, Jacquemin M, Eeckhoudt S, Lambert C, Stéphenne X, Smets F, Hermans C. Biodistribution of Liver-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Peripheral Injection in a Hemophilia A Patient. Transplantation 2017; 101:1845-1851. [PMID: 28738402 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the exception of liver transplantation, there is no cure for hemophilia, which is currently managed by preemptive replacement therapy. Liver-derived stem cells are in clinical development for inborn and acquired liver diseases and could represent a curative treatment for hemophilia A. The liver is a major factor VIII (FVIII) synthesis site, and mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to control joint bleeding in animal models of hemophilia. Adult-derived human liver stem cells (ADHLSCs) have mesenchymal characteristics and have been shown able to engraft in and repopulate both animal and human livers. Thus, the objectives were to evaluate the potency of ADHLSCs to control bleeding in a hemophilia A patient and assess the biodistribution of the cells after intravenous injection. METHODS A patient suffering from hemophilia A was injected with repeated doses of ADHLSCs via a peripheral vein (35 million In-oxine-labeled cells, followed by 125 million cells the next day, and 3 infusions of 250 million cells every 2 weeks thereafter; total infusion period, 50 days). RESULTS After cell therapy, we found a temporary (15 weeks) decrease in the patient's FVIII requirements and severe bleeding complications, despite a lack of increase in circulating FVIII. The cells were safely administered to the patient via a peripheral vein. Biodistribution analysis revealed an initial temporary entrapment of the cells in the lungs, followed by homing to the liver and to a joint afflicted with hemarthrosis. CONCLUSION These results suggest the potential use of ADHLSCs in the treatment of hemophilia A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne M Sokal
- 1 Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Service de Gastroentérologie & Hépatologie Pédiatrique, Brussels, Belgium.2 Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Brussels, Belgium.3 Centre de Thérapie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium.4 Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium.5 Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College of London, London, United Kingdom.6 Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Belgium.7 Service d'Hématologie, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Hsu MJ, Prigent J, Dollet PE, Ravau J, Larbanoix L, Van Simaeys G, Bol A, Grégoire V, Goldman S, Deblandre G, Najimi M, Sokal EM, Lombard CA. Long-Term In Vivo Monitoring of Adult-Derived Human Liver Stem/Progenitor Cells by Bioluminescence Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography, and Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:986-1002. [PMID: 28340549 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSCs) have the potential to alleviate liver injury. However, the optimal delivery route and long-term biodistribution of ADHLSCs remain unclear. In this article, we used a triple fusion reporter system to determine the kinetic differences in the biodistribution of ADHLSCs following intrasplenic (IS) and intrahepatic (IH) administration in severe combined immunodeficiency/beige mice. ADHLSCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing a triple fusion reporter comprising renilla luciferase, monomeric red fluorescent protein, and truncated HSV-1 thymidine kinase. The stability and duration of the transgenes, and the effects of transduction on the cell properties were evaluated in vitro. The acute retention and long-term engraftment in vivo were revealed by positron emission tomography and bioluminescence imaging (BLI), respectively, followed by histochemical analysis. We showed that ADHLSCs can be safely transduced with the triple fusion reporter. Radiolabeled ADHLSCs showed acute cell retention at the sites of injection. The IH group showed a confined BLI signal at the injection site, while the IS group displayed a dispersed distribution at the upper abdominal liver area, and a more intense signal. In conclusion, ADHLSCs could be monitored by BLI for up to 4 weeks with a spread out biodistribution following IS injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ju Hsu
- 1 Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Prigent
- 1 Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Edouard Dollet
- 1 Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joachim Ravau
- 1 Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lionel Larbanoix
- 2 Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging , Gosselies, Belgium
- 3 NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, Université de Mons , Mons, Belgium
| | - Gaetan Van Simaeys
- 2 Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging , Gosselies, Belgium
- 4 Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Bol
- 5 Center of Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Grégoire
- 5 Center of Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Goldman
- 2 Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging , Gosselies, Belgium
- 4 Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gisèle Deblandre
- 1 Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- 1 Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne M Sokal
- 1 Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
- 6 Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine A Lombard
- 1 Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
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26
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Najimi M, Berardis S, El-Kehdy H, Rosseels V, Evraerts J, Lombard C, El Taghdouini A, Henriet P, van Grunsven L, Sokal EM. Human liver mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:131. [PMID: 28583205 PMCID: PMC5460523 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progressive liver fibrosis leads to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. This disease is a consequence of strong interactions between matrix-producing hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and resident and infiltrating immune cell populations. Accumulated experimental evidence supports the involvement of adult-derived human liver mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSCs) in liver regeneration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of ADHLSCs on HSCs, both in vitro and in vivo. Methods Activated human HSCs were co-cultured with ADHLSCs or ADHLSC-conditioned culture medium. The characteristics of the activated human HSCs were assessed by microscopy and biochemical assays, whereas proliferation was analyzed using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. The secretion profile of activated HSCs was evaluated by ELISA and Luminex. ADHLSCs were transplanted into a juvenile rat model of fibrosis established after co-administration of phenobarbital and CCl4. Results When co-cultured with ADHLSCs or conditioned medium, the proliferation of HSCs was inhibited, beginning at 24 h and for up to 7 days. The HSCs were blocked in G0/G1 phase, and showed decreased Ki-67 positivity. Pro-collagen I production was reduced, while secretion of HGF, IL-6, MMP1, and MMP2 was enhanced. Neutralization of HGF partially blocked the inhibitory effect of ADHLSCs on the proliferation and secretion profile of HSCs. Repeated intrahepatic transplantation of cryopreserved/thawed ADHLSCs without immunosuppression inhibited the expression of markers of liver fibrosis in 6 out of 11 rats, as compared to their expression in the vehicle-transplanted group. Conclusions These data provide evidence for a direct inhibitory effect of ADHLSCs on activated HSCs, which supports their development for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0575-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Najimi
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Avenue Mounier, 52, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Silvia Berardis
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Avenue Mounier, 52, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hoda El-Kehdy
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Avenue Mounier, 52, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valérie Rosseels
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Avenue Mounier, 52, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Evraerts
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Avenue Mounier, 52, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Lombard
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Avenue Mounier, 52, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adil El Taghdouini
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Avenue Mounier, 52, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Henriet
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leo van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Marc Sokal
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Avenue Mounier, 52, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
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27
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Immunoprofiling of Adult-Derived Human Liver Stem/Progenitor Cells: Impact of Hepatogenic Differentiation and Inflammation. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:2679518. [PMID: 28491094 PMCID: PMC5405586 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2679518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSCs) are, nowadays, developed as therapeutic medicinal product for the treatment of liver defects. In this study, the impact of hepatogenic differentiation and inflammation priming on the ADHLSCs' immune profile was assessed in vitro and compared to that of mature hepatocytes. The constitutive immunological profile of ADHLSCs was greatly different from that of hepatocytes. Differences in the expression of the stromal markers CD90 and CD105, adhesion molecules CD44 and CD49e, immunoregulatory molecules CD73 and HO-1, and NK ligands CD112 and CD155 were noted. While they globally preserved their immunological profile in comparison to undifferentiated counterparts, differentiated ADHLSCs showed a significant downregulation of CD200 expression as in hepatocytes. This was mainly induced by signals issued from EGF and OSM. On the other hand, the impact of inflammation was quite similar for all studied cell populations with an increased expression level of CD54 and CD106 and induction of that of CD40 and CD274. In conclusion, our immune profiling study suggests CD200 as a key factor in regulating the immunobiology of differentiated ADHLSCs. A better understanding of the molecular and physiological events related to such marker could help in designing the optimal conditions for an efficient therapeutic use of ADHLSCs.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation following Partial Hepatectomy: A New Concept to Promote Liver Regeneration-Systematic Review of the Literature Focused on Experimental Studies in Rodent Models. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7567958. [PMID: 28386285 PMCID: PMC5366767 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7567958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive source for regenerative medicine because they are easily accessible through minimally invasive methods and have the potential to enhance liver regeneration (LG) and improve liver function, following partial hepatectomy (PH) and acute or chronic liver injury. A systematic review of the literature was conducted for articles published up to September 1st, 2016, using the MEDLINE database. The keywords that were used in various combinations were as follows: “Mesenchymal stem cells”, “transplantation”, “stem cells”, “adipose tissue derived stem cells”, “bone marrow-derived stem cells”, “partial hepatectomy”, “acute liver failure”, “chronic liver failure”, “liver fibrosis”, “liver cirrhosis”, “rats”, “mice”, and “liver regeneration”. All introduced keywords were searched for separately in MeSH Database to control relevance and terminological accuracy and validity. A total of 41 articles were identified for potential inclusion and reviewed in detail. After a strict selection process, a total of 28 articles were excluded, leaving 13 articles to form the basis of this systematic review. MSCs transplantation promoted LG and improved liver function. Furthermore, MSCs had the ability to differentiate in hepatocyte-like cells, increase survival, and protect hepatocytes by paracrine mechanisms. MSCs transplantation may provide beneficial effects in the process of LG after PH and acute or chronic liver injury. They may represent a new therapeutic option to treat posthepatectomy acute liver failure.
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Comprehensive Screening of Cell Surface Markers Expressed by Adult-Derived Human Liver Stem/Progenitor Cells Harvested at Passage 5: Potential Implications for Engraftment. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9302537. [PMID: 27956903 PMCID: PMC5124472 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9302537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to have potential therapeutic benefits for a number of diseases. However, many studies report low engraftment levels, regardless of the target organ. One possible explanation could be that MSCs do not express the necessary receptors for engraftment. Indeed, MSCs appear to use a similar mechanism to leukocytes to engraft into injured organs, relying on various receptors for rolling, firm adhesion, and transmigration. In this study, we conducted an extensive surface molecule screening of adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSC) in an attempt to shed some light on this subject. We observed that ADHLSCs lack expression of most of the costimulatory molecules tested. Furthermore, study of the adhesion molecule profile of ADHLSCs revealed that they do not express selectin ligands or LFA-1 which are, respectively, involved in the rolling process and the firm adhesion. In addition, ADHLSCs slightly express VLA-4 and lose expression of CXCR4 altogether on their surface during culture expansion. However, ADHLSCs express all the integrin couples and matrix metalloproteinases needed to bind and integrate the extracellular matrix once the endothelial barrier is crossed. Collectively, these results suggest that binding to the endothelium may be the critical weak point in the engraftment process.
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30
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Herrero A, Prigent J, Lombard C, Rosseels V, Daujat-Chavanieu M, Breckpot K, Najimi M, Deblandre G, Sokal EM. Adult-Derived Human Liver Stem/Progenitor Cells Infused 3 Days Postsurgery Improve Liver Regeneration in a Mouse Model of Extended Hepatectomy. Cell Transplant 2016; 26:351-364. [PMID: 27657746 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x692960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that cell therapy constitutes a promising strategy for liver regenerative medicine. In the setting of hepatic cancer treatments, cell therapy could prove a useful therapeutic approach for managing the acute liver failure that occurs following extended hepatectomy. In this study, we examined the influence of delivering adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSCs) at two different early time points in an immunodeficient mouse model (Rag2-/-IL2Rγ-/-) that had undergone a 70% hepatectomy procedure. The hepatic mesenchymal cells were intrasplenically infused either immediately after surgery (n = 26) or following a critical 3-day period (n = 26). We evaluated the cells' capacity to engraft at day 1 and day 7 following transplantation by means of human Alu qPCR quantification, along with histological assessment of human albumin and α-smooth muscle actin. In addition, cell proliferation (anti-mouse and human Ki-67 staining) and murine liver weight were measured in order to evaluate liver regeneration. At day 1 posttransplantation, the ratio of human to mouse cells was similar in both groups, whereas 1 week posttransplantation this ratio was significantly improved (p < 0.016) in mice receiving ADHLSC injection at day 3 posthepatectomy (1.7%), compared to those injected at the time of surgery (1%). On the basis of liver weight, mouse liver regeneration was more extensive 1 week posttransplantation in mice transplanted with ADHLSCs (+65.3%) compared to that of mice from the sham vehicle group (+42.7%). In conclusion, infusing ADHLSCs 3 days after extensive hepatectomy improves the cell engraftment and murine hepatic tissue regeneration, thereby confirming that ADHLSCs could be a promising cell source for liver cell therapy and hepatic tissue repair.
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31
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Wang Y, Yu X, Chen E, Li L. Liver-derived human mesenchymal stem cells: a novel therapeutic source for liver diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:71. [PMID: 27176654 PMCID: PMC4866276 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an attractive cell type for research and therapy due to their ability to proliferate, differentiate, modulate immune reactions, and secrete trophic factors. MSCs exist in a multitude of tissues, including bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissues. Moreover, MSCs have recently been isolated from the liver. Compared with other MSC types, liver-derived human MSCs (LHMSCs) possess general morphologies, immune functions, and differentiation capacities. Interestingly, LHMCSs produce higher levels of pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic cytokines than those of bone marrow-derived MSCs. Thus, these cells may be a promising therapeutic source for liver diseases. This paper summarizes the biological characteristics of LHMSCs and their potential benefits and risks for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ermei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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32
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Sanna C, Stéphenne X, Revencu N, Smets F, Sassolas A, Di Filippo M, Descamps OS, Sokal EM. Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in childhood: Genotype-phenotype description, established therapies and perspectives. Atherosclerosis 2016; 247:97-104. [PMID: 26894473 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a co-dominantly inherited disorder of plasma lipoprotein metabolism. The prevalence of heterozygous FH (HeFH) is between 1/500 and 1/200 whereas that of homozygous form (HoFH) is about 1/1,000,000. Diagnosis is based on cutaneous xanthomas and untreated levels of LDL-cholesterol over 500 mg/dl before 10 years of age. Life expectancy, without treatment, does not exceed 20 years of age. The aim of this study is to characterise in details a cohort of 8 HoFH paediatric patients in order to illustrate all the current therapeutic options and to add some clinical and genetic information about this rare disease. We collected demographic, clinical, biological, imaging and genotype details. Furthermore, clinical and biochemical response to different treatment methods was retrospectively evaluated. All patients had genetically proven HoFH. All patients were subject to a lipid-lowering diet and medical treatment (except one), three patients underwent a liver transplant and one an hepatocytes infusion. Medical treatment was well tolerated with a median reduction of 44% and 47% in LDL-Cholesterol and Total Cholesterol respectively. The hepatocytes transplant produced a further, though slight, decrease in cholesterol levels as opposed to medical therapy alone. Transplanted patients normalized their cholesterol levels. Since the very high cardiovascular risk, HoFH requires immediate diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. Nowadays, the use of statins remains the cornerstone of medical therapy and liver transplantation is the possibly curative therapy. Besides, high hopes are pinned in new drugs (antibody targeting PCSK9, Mipomersen and Lomitapide) and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sanna
- Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Service de Gastroentérologie et Hépatologie Pédiatrique, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Xavier Stéphenne
- Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Service de Gastroentérologie et Hépatologie Pédiatrique, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Nicole Revencu
- Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Centre de Génétique Humaine, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Françoise Smets
- Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Service de Gastroentérologie et Hépatologie Pédiatrique, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Agnes Sassolas
- UF Lipides-Dyslipidémies, Laboratoire de Biochimie, CBE, 59 boulevard Pinel, Bron Cedex, France; INSERM U1060, INSA de Lyon, INRA U1235, Univ Lyon-1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, Oullins, France
| | - Mathilde Di Filippo
- UF Lipides-Dyslipidémies, Laboratoire de Biochimie, CBE, 59 boulevard Pinel, Bron Cedex, France; INSERM U1060, INSA de Lyon, INRA U1235, Univ Lyon-1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, Oullins, France
| | | | - Etienne M Sokal
- Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Service de Gastroentérologie et Hépatologie Pédiatrique, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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McCutcheon S, Unachukwu U, Thakur A, Majeska R, Redenti S, Vazquez M. In vitro formation of neuroclusters in microfluidic devices and cell migration as a function of stromal-derived growth factor 1 gradients. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 11:1-12. [PMID: 26744909 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1131388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) cells cultured in vitro as neuroclusters are useful models of tissue regeneration and disease progression. However, the role of cluster formation and collective migration of these neuroclusters to external stimuli has been largely unstudied in vitro. Here, 3 distinct CNS cell types, medulloblastoma (MB), medulloblastoma-derived glial progenitor cells (MGPC), and retinal progenitor cells (RPC), were examined with respect to cluster formation and migration in response to Stromal-Derived Growth Factor (SDF-1). A microfluidic platform was used to distinguish collective migration of neuroclusters from that of individual cells in response to controlled concentration profiles of SDF-1. Cell lines were also compared with respect to expression of CXCR4, the receptor for SDF-1, and the gap junction protein Connexin 43 (Cx43). All cell types spontaneously formed clusters and expressed both CXCR4 and Cx43. RPC clusters exhibited collective chemotactic migration (i.e. movement as clusters) along SDF-1 concentration gradients. MGPCs clusters did not exhibit adhesion-based migration, and migration of MB clusters was inconsistent. This study demonstrates how controlled microenvironments can be used to examine the formation and collective migration of CNS-derived neuroclusters in varied cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean McCutcheon
- a The City University of New York, City College of New York , New York , NY , USA
| | - Uchenna Unachukwu
- b The City University of New York, Lehman College , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Ankush Thakur
- a The City University of New York, City College of New York , New York , NY , USA
| | - Robert Majeska
- a The City University of New York, City College of New York , New York , NY , USA
| | - Stephen Redenti
- b The City University of New York, Lehman College , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Maribel Vazquez
- a The City University of New York, City College of New York , New York , NY , USA
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Bayon Y, Vertès AA, Ronfard V, Culme-Seymour E, Mason C, Stroemer P, Najimi M, Sokal E, Wilson C, Barone J, Aras R, Chiesi A. Turning Regenerative Medicine Breakthrough Ideas and Innovations into Commercial Products. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:560-71. [PMID: 26179129 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The TERMIS-Europe (EU) Industry committee intended to address the two main critical issues in the clinical/commercial translation of Advanced Therapeutic Medicine Products (ATMP): (1) entrepreneurial exploitation of breakthrough ideas and innovations, and (2) regulatory market approval. Since January 2012, more than 12,000 publications related to regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have been accepted for publications, reflecting the intense academic research activity in this field. The TERMIS-EU 2014 Industry Symposium provided a reflection on the management of innovation and technological breakthroughs in biotechnology first proposed to contextualize the key development milestones and constraints of allocation of financial resources, in the development life-cycle of radical innovation projects. This was illustrated with the biofuels story, sharing similarities with regenerative medicine. The transition was then ensured by an overview of the key identified challenges facing the commercialization of cell therapy products as ATMP examples. Real cases and testimonies were then provided by a palette of medical technologies and regenerative medicine companies from their commercial development of cell and gene therapy products. Although the commercial development of ATMP is still at the proof-of-concept stage due to technology risks, changing policies, changing markets, and management changes, the sector is highly dynamic with a number of explored therapeutic approaches, developed by using a large diversity of business models, both proposed by the experience, pitfalls, and successes of regenerative medicine pioneers, and adapted to the constraint resource allocation and environment in radical innovation projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Bayon
- 1 Medtronic-Sofradim Production , Trévoux, France
| | - Alain A Vertès
- 2 London Business School , London, United Kingdom .,3 NxR Biotechnologies GmbH , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Ronfard
- 4 College of Pharmacy UNT Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | | | - Chris Mason
- 6 Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London , London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mustapha Najimi
- 8 Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research , Université catholique de Louvain and Cliniques St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium .,9 PROMETHERA Biosciences, Mont-St.-Guibert, Belgium
| | - Etienne Sokal
- 8 Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research , Université catholique de Louvain and Cliniques St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium .,9 PROMETHERA Biosciences, Mont-St.-Guibert, Belgium
| | | | - Joe Barone
- 11 Juventas Therapeutics, Inc. , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rahul Aras
- 11 Juventas Therapeutics, Inc. , Cleveland, Ohio
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Matoori S, Leroux JC. Recent advances in the treatment of hyperammonemia. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 90:55-68. [PMID: 25895618 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is a neurotoxic agent that is primarily generated in the intestine and detoxified in the liver. Toxic increases in systemic ammonia levels predominantly result from an inherited or acquired impairment in hepatic detoxification and lead to potentially life-threatening neuropsychiatric symptoms. Inborn deficiencies in ammonia detoxification mainly affect the urea cycle, an endogenous metabolic removal system in the liver. Hepatic encephalopathy, on the other hand, is a hyperammonemia-related complication secondary to acquired liver function impairment. A range of therapeutic options is available to target either ammonia generation and absorption or ammonia removal. Therapies for hepatic encephalopathy decrease intestinal ammonia production and uptake. Treatments for urea cycle disorders eliminate ammoniagenic amino acids through metabolic transformation, preventing ammonia generation. Therapeutic approaches removing ammonia activate the urea cycle or the second essential endogenous ammonia detoxification system, glutamine synthesis. Recent advances in treating hyperammonemia include using synergistic combination treatments, broadening the indication of orphan drugs, and developing novel approaches to regenerate functional liver tissue. This manuscript reviews the various pharmacological treatments of hyperammonemia and focuses on biopharmaceutical and drug delivery issues.
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Prigent J, Herrero A, Ambroise J, Smets F, Deblandre GA, Sokal EM. Human Progenitor Cell Quantification after Xenotransplantation in Rat and Mouse Models by a Sensitive qPCR Assay. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:1639-52. [DOI: 10.3727/096368914x681955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenotransplantation of human cells in animal models is an essential tool for evaluation of safety and efficacy of cell-based products for therapeutic use. Sensitive and reproducible methods are needed to detect and quantify human cells engrafted into the host tissue either in the targeted organ or in undesired locations. We developed a robust quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay based on amplification of human AluYb8 repeats, to assess the number of human cells present in rat or mouse tissues after transplantation. Standard curves of mixed human/rodent DNA and mixed human/rodent cells have been performed to determine the limit of detection and linear range of the assay. Standard curves from DNA mixing differed significantly from standard curves from cell mixing. We show here that the AluYb8 qPCR assay is highly reproducible and is able to quantify human cells in a rodent cell matrix over a large linear range that extends from 50% to 0.01% human cells. Short-term in vivo studies showed that human cells could be quantified in mouse liver up to 7 days after intrasplenic transplantation and in rat liver 4 h after intrahepatic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Prigent
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Paediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Astrid Herrero
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Paediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ambroise
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Center for Applied Molecular Technologies (CTMA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Smets
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Paediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gisèle A. Deblandre
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Paediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne M. Sokal
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Paediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
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Sokal EM, Lombard C, Mazza G. Mesenchymal stem cell treatment for hemophilia: a review of current knowledge. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13 Suppl 1:S161-6. [PMID: 26149017 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hemophilia remains a non-curative disease, and patients are constrained to undergo repeated injections of clotting factors. In contrast, the sustained production of endogenous factors VIII (FVIII) or IX (FIX) by the patient's own cells could represent a curative treatment. Gene therapy has thus provided new hope for these patients. However, the issues surrounding the durability of expression and immune responses against gene transfer vectors remain. Cell therapy, involving stem cells expanded in vitro, can provide de novo protein synthesis and, if implanted successfully, could induce a steady-state production of low quantities of factors, which may keep the patient above the level required to prevent spontaneous bleeding. Liver-derived stem cells are already being assessed in clinical trials for inborn errors of metabolism and, in view of their capacity to produce FVIII and FIX in cell culture, they are now also being considered for clinical application in hemophilia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Sokal
- Service de gastroentérologie et hépatologie pédiatrique, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques St Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Lombard
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Mazza
- Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
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Maerckx C, Tondreau T, Berardis S, Pelt JV, Najimi M, Sokal E. Human liver stem/progenitor cells decrease serum bilirubin in hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rat. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10553-10563. [PMID: 25132775 PMCID: PMC4130866 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i30.10553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To test the ability of adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSC) from large scale cultures to conjugate bilirubin in vitro and in bilirubin conjugation deficient rat.
METHODS: ADHLSC from large scale cultures were tested for their phenotype and for their capacity to conjugate bilirubin in vitro after hepatogenic differentiation. In vivo, Gunn rats [uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) deficient animal] were injected with ADHLSC and cryopreserved hepatocytes (positive control). Two, 4, 13 and 27 wk post-transplantation, transplanted Gunn rat bilirubin serum levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Human transplanted cell engraftment was assessed 27 wk post-transplantation using immunohistochemistry and RTqPCR.
RESULTS: Large scale culture conditions do not modify ADHLSC phenotype, ADHLSC were able to specifically conjugate bilirubin. ADHLSC were intraportally injected into Gunn rats and blood UCB was measured at different times post-transplantation, infused-Gunn rats exhibited a metabolic effect 3 mo post-transplantation and maintained over a 6 mo period. ADHLSC engraftment into Gunn rat’s liver was demonstrated by RTqPCR and immunohistochemistry against albumin and UGT1A1.
CONCLUSION: ADHLSC from large scale cultures are efficient in conjugating bilirubin in vitro and in restoring a deficient metabolic function (reducing bilirubin level) in hyperbilirubinemic rats.
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Sokal EM. Treating inborn errors of liver metabolism with stem cells: current clinical development. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:535-9. [PMID: 24668464 PMCID: PMC4088990 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advanced therapies including stem cells are currently a major biotechnological development. Adult liver stem cells can differentiate into hepatocyte like cells and be infused in the recipient's liver to bring a missing metabolic function. These cells can be produced in large quantities in vitro. Allogeneic stem cells are required to treat genetic diseases, and this approach allows to use one single source of tissue to treat different diseases and many recipients. Mesenchymal stem cells can in addition play an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory role and possibly prevent the accumulation of fibrous tissue in the liver. From a regulatory point of view, stem cells are considered as medicinal products, and must undergo a pharmaceutical development that goes beyond the research and proof-of-concept phases. Here, we review the track followed from the first hepatocyte transplantation in 2000 to the next generation product issued from stem cell technology, and the start of EMA approved clinical trials to evaluate the safety and potency of liver stem cells for the treatment of inborn errors of the liver metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Marc Sokal
- Pediatric Hepatology & Gastroenterology and Cell Transplant Center, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 10 av Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium,
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Gene expression profiling and secretome analysis differentiate adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells and human hepatic stellate cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86137. [PMID: 24516514 PMCID: PMC3906387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSC) are obtained after primary culture of the liver parenchymal fraction. The cells are of fibroblastic morphology and exhibit a hepato-mesenchymal phenotype. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) derived from the liver non-parenchymal fraction, present a comparable morphology as ADHLSC. Because both ADHLSC and HSC are described as liver stem/progenitor cells, we strived to extensively compare both cell populations at different levels and to propose tools demonstrating their singularity. ADHLSC and HSC were isolated from the liver of four different donors, expanded in vitro and followed from passage 5 until passage 11. Cell characterization was performed using immunocytochemistry, western blotting, flow cytometry, and gene microarray analyses. The secretion profile of the cells was evaluated using Elisa and multiplex Luminex assays. Both cell types expressed α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, fibronectin, CD73 and CD90 in accordance with their mesenchymal origin. Microarray analysis revealed significant differences in gene expression profiles. HSC present high expression levels of neuronal markers as well as cytokeratins. Such differences were confirmed using immunocytochemistry and western blotting assays. Furthermore, both cell types displayed distinct secretion profiles as ADHLSC highly secreted cytokines of therapeutic and immuno-modulatory importance, like HGF, interferon-γ and IL-10. Our study demonstrates that ADHLSC and HSC are distinct liver fibroblastic cell populations exhibiting significant different expression and secretion profiles.
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Liver engraftment and repopulation by in vitro expanded adult derived human liver stem cells in a child with ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency. JIMD Rep 2013; 13:65-72. [PMID: 24142276 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2013_257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3-year-old girl suffering from ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OTC) deficiency was poorly equilibrated under conventional diet and scavenger treatment. Following unsuccessful cryopreserved hepatocyte transplantation, she received two infusions of Adult Derived Human Liver Stem/Progenitor Cells (ADHLSCs) expanded in vitro under GMP settings, the quantity being equivalent to 0.75% of her calculated liver mass. Using FISH immunostaining for the Y chromosome, the initial biopsy did not detect any male nuclei in the recipient liver. Two liver biopsies taken 100 days after ADHLSC transplantation showed 3% and 5% of male donor cells in the recipient liver, thus suggesting repopulation by donor cells. Although limited follow-up did not allow us to draw conclusions on long-term improvement, these results provide a promising proof of concept that this therapy is feasible in an OTC patient.
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Best J, Dollé L, Manka P, Coombes J, van Grunsven LA, Syn WK. Role of liver progenitors in acute liver injury. Front Physiol 2013; 4:258. [PMID: 24133449 PMCID: PMC3783932 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) results from the acute and rapid loss of hepatocyte function and frequently exhibits a fulminant course, characterized by high mortality in the absence of immediate state-of-the-art intensive care and/or emergency liver transplantation (ELT). The role of hepatocyte-mediated liver regeneration during acute and chronic liver injury has been extensively investigated, and recent studies suggest that hepatocytes are not exclusively responsible for the regeneration of the injured liver during fulminant liver injury. Liver progenitor cells (LPC) (or resident liver stem cells) are quiescent in the healthy liver, but may be activated under conditions where the regenerative capacity of mature hepatocytes is severely impaired. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of the LPC population during ALF, and the role of putative cytokines, growth factors, mitogens, and hormones in the LPC response. We will highlight the potential interaction among cellular compartments during ALF, and discuss the possible prognostic value of the LPC response on ALF outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Best
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen Essen, Germany ; Liver Cell Biology Lab (LIVR), Department of Cell Biology (CYTO), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
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Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of pediatric diseases. World J Pediatr 2013; 9:197-211. [PMID: 23929252 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-013-0425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the incredible interests in mesenchymal stem cells have boosted the expectations of both patients and physicians. Unlike embryonic stem cells, neither their procurement nor their use is deemed controversial. Moreover, their immunomodulatory capacity coupled with low immunogenicity has opened up their allogenic use, consequently broadening the possibilities for their application. In May 2012, Canadian health regulators approved Prochymal, the first mesenchymal stem cells-based drug, for acute graft-versus-host diseases in children who have failed to respond to steroid treatment. The aim of this article is to review the recent advances in mesenchymal stem cells for pediatric diseases. DATA SOURCES A literature review was performed on PubMed from 1966 to 2013 using the MeSH terms "mesenchymal stem cells", "clinical trials" and "children". Additional articles were identified by a hand search of the references list in the initial search. RESULTS The following categories are described: general properties, mechanisms of action, graft-versus-host diseases, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, osteoarticular diseases, autoimmune diseases, type 1 diabetes, and lung diseases. CONCLUSIONS Mesenchymal stem cells, owing to their availability, immunomodulatory properties, low immunogenicity, and therapeutic potential, have become one of the most attractive options for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. It is expected to see more and more clinical trials and applications of mesenchymal stem cells for pediatric diseases in the near future.
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Factors Affecting the Regeneration of Liver Graft After Living Related Liver Transplantation: A Preliminary Study. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:1354-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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