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Nicotine promotes breast cancer metastasis by stimulating N2 neutrophils and generating pre-metastatic niche in lung. Nat Commun 2021; 12:474. [PMID: 33473115 PMCID: PMC7817836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking has a profound impact on tumor immunity, and nicotine, which is the major addictive component of smoke, is known to promote tumor progression despite being a non-carcinogen. In this study, we demonstrate that chronic exposure of nicotine plays a critical role in the formation of pre-metastatic niche within the lungs by recruiting pro-tumor N2-neutrophils. This pre-metastatic niche promotes the release of STAT3-activated lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a secretory glycoprotein from the N2-neutrophils, and induces mesenchymal-epithelial transition of tumor cells thereby facilitating colonization and metastatic outgrowth. Elevated levels of serum and urine LCN2 is elevated in early-stage breast cancer patients and cancer-free females with smoking history, suggesting that LCN2 serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for predicting increased risk of metastatic disease in female smoker(s). Moreover, natural compound, salidroside effectively abrogates nicotine-induced neutrophil polarization and consequently reduced lung metastasis of hormone receptor-negative breast cancer cells. Our findings suggest a pro-metastatic role of nicotine-induced N2-neutrophils for cancer cell colonization in the lungs and illuminate the therapeutic use of salidroside to enhance the anti-tumor activity of neutrophils in breast cancer patients. Smoking is known to impact tumor immunity and promote tumor progression. Here, the authors show that chronic nicotine exposure promotes the lung pre-metastatic niche formation by recruiting pro-tumor N2-neutrophils that release lipocalin-2.
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2
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Zhou H, Liu Y, Wang Z, Yang Y, Li M, Yuan D, Zhang X, Li Y. CD147 Promoted Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Airway Epithelial Cells Induced by Cigarette Smoke via Oxidative Stress Signaling Pathway. COPD 2020; 17:269-279. [PMID: 32366134 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2020.1758051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common airway disease, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is participated in the pathogenesis of COPD. However, the role of CD147 in COPD remains largely unknown. In order to clarify the role of CD147 in EMT induced by cigarette smoke, we established animal and cell model of EMT by mean of cigarette smoke exposure and detected the expressions of CD147 and EMT markers via PCR, WB and IF. RNA inference was applied to study the role of CD147 in CSE induced EMT in vitro. NAC and H2O2 were used to study oxidative stress signaling pathway in this model. As a result, cigarette smoke exposure upregulated the expressions of CD147, α-SMA, and Vimentin and downregulated the expression of Ecadherin and ZO1 both in vivo and in vitro, which was accompanied by augmented level of oxidative stress. CD147 knockdown would partly inhibit CSE induced EMT, while preincubation of H2O2 could inverse this effect. In conclusion, CD147 promoted EMT in mice and HBE cells induced by cigarette smoke via oxidative stress signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuanshun Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhehua Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Mengyu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Dong Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yaqing Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Aghapour M, Raee P, Moghaddam SJ, Hiemstra PS, Heijink IH. Airway Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Role of Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:157-169. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0200tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pourya Raee
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Irene H. Heijink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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4
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Kim CW, Lee HM, Lee K, Kim B, Lee MY, Choi KC. Effects of cigarette smoke extracts on cell cycle, cell migration and endocrine activity in human placental cells. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 73:8-19. [PMID: 28736174 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is known to be related to adverse pregnancy results associated with trophoblast proliferation and cell cycle progression. Moreover, many previous studies have shown that cigarette smoke is correlated with human chorionic gonadotropin beta (hCG-β) subunit produced from syncytiotrophoblasts during pregnancy. Thus, we further investigated whether cigarette smoke extract (CSE) affects the cell proliferation, migration and endocrine hormone activity of JEG-3 human placental cancer cells. JEG-3 cell proliferation was significantly reduced by all CSEs in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, CSEs decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels in JEG-3 cells in Western blot. Increased migration or invasion ability of JEG-3 cells following CSE treatment was also confirmed by a scratch or fibronectin invasion assay in vitro. Additionally, protein levels of E-cadherin as an epithelial maker were down-regulated, while the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, snail and slug were up-regulated in a time-dependent manner. The metastasis marker, cathepsin D, was also down-regulated by CSE. Finally, CSEs significantly reduced the expression of hCG-β protein in JEG-3 cells. Overall, these results indicate that exposure of placental cells to CSE deregulates the cell cycle by altering the expression of cell cycle-related proteins and stimulates cell metastatic ability by altering EMT markers and cathepsin D expression. CSE exposure may also decrease hCG-β production as an endocrine marker, implying that cigarette smoke has adverse effects during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Miru Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Jeonbuk Department of Non-human Primate, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Men X, Wang L, Yu W, Ju Y. Cullin7 is required for lung cancer cell proliferation and is overexpressed in lung cancer. Oncol Res 2017; 22:123-8. [PMID: 25706399 PMCID: PMC7838442 DOI: 10.3727/096504014x14198596979742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin ligase Cullin7 has been identified as an oncogene in some malignant diseases such as choriocarcinoma and neuroblastoma. However, the role of Cullin7 in lung cancer carcinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we explored the functional role of Cullin7 in lung cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis and determined its expression profile in lung cancer. Knocking down Cullin7 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in lung cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation and elevated the expression of p53, p27, and p21 proteins. The enhanced p53 expression resulted from activation of the DNA damage response pathway. Cullin7 knockdown markedly suppressed xenograft tumor growth in vivo in mice. Moreover, Cullin7 expression was increased in primary lung cancer tissues of humans. Thus, Cullin7 is required for sustained proliferation and survival of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, and its aberrant expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of lung cancer. Thus, our study provided evidence that Cullin7 functions as a novel oncogene in lung cancer and may be a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Men
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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Kim CW, Go RE, Lee HM, Hwang KA, Lee K, Kim B, Lee MY, Choi KC. Cigarette smoke extracts induced the colon cancer migration via regulating epithelial mesenchymal transition and metastatic genes in human colon cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:690-704. [PMID: 27087172 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There was considerable evidence that exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with an increased risk for colon cancer. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying the relationship between cigarette smoking and colon cancer remains unclear. Moreover, there were only a few studies on effects of complexing substance contained in cigarette smoke on colon cancer. Thus, we further investigated whether cigarette smoke extract (CSE) affects the cell cycle, apoptosis and migration of human metastatic colon cancer cells, SW-620. MTT assay revealed that SW-620 cell proliferation was significantly inhibited following treatments with all CSEs, 3R4F, and two-domestic cigarettes, for 9 days in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, CSE treatments decreased cyclin D1 and E1, and increased p21 and p27 proteins by Western blot analysis in SW-620 cells. Additionally, the treatment of the cells with CSE contributed to these effects expressing by apoptosis-related proteins. An increased migration or invasion ability of SW-620 cells following CSE treatment was also confirmed by a scratch or fibronectin invasion assay in vitro. In addition, the protein levels of E-cadherin as an epithelial maker were down-regulated, while the mesenchymal markers, N-cadherin, snail, and slug, were up-regulated in a time-dependent manner. A metastatic marker, cathepsin D, was also down-regulated by CSE treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that CSE exposure in colon cancer cells may deregulate the cell growth by altering the expression of cell cycle-related proteins and pro-apoptotic protein, and stimulate cell metastatic ability by altering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and cathepsin D expression. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 690-704, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Miru Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Jeonbuk Department of Non-Human Primate, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Heijink IH, de Bruin HG, Dennebos R, Jonker MR, Noordhoek JA, Brandsma CA, van den Berge M, Postma DS. Cigarette smoke-induced epithelial expression of WNT-5B: implications for COPD. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:504-15. [PMID: 27126693 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01541-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Wingless/integrase-1 (WNT) signalling is associated with lung inflammation and repair, but its role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis is unclear. We investigated whether cigarette smoke-induced dysregulation of WNT-5B contributes to airway remodelling in COPD.We analysed WNT-5B protein expression in the lung tissue of COPD patients and (non)smoking controls, and investigated the effects of cigarette smoke exposure on WNT-5B expression in COPD and control-derived primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs). Additionally, we studied downstream effects of WNT-5B on remodelling related genes fibronectin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and SnaiI in BEAS-2B and air-liquid interface (ALI)-cultured PBECs.We observed that airway epithelial WNT-5B expression is significantly higher in lung tissue from COPD patients than controls. Cigarette smoke extract significantly increased mRNA expression of WNT-5B in COPD, but not control-derived PBECs. Exogenously added WNT-5B augmented the expression of remodelling related genes in BEAS-2B cells, which was mediated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad3 signalling. In addition, WNT-5B upregulated the expression of these genes in ALI-cultured PBECs, particularly PBECs from COPD patients.Together, our results provide evidence that exaggerated WNT-5B expression upon cigarette smoke exposure in the bronchial epithelium of COPD patients leads to TGF-β/Smad3-dependent expression of genes related to airway remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold G de Bruin
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Dennebos
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix R Jonker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobien A Noordhoek
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Vu T, Jin L, Datta PK. Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Lung Cancer. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5040044. [PMID: 27077888 PMCID: PMC4850467 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that allows an epithelial cell to acquire a mesenchymal phenotype through multiple biochemical changes resulting in an increased migratory capacity. During cancer progression, EMT is found to be associated with an invasive or metastatic phenotype. In this review, we focus on the discussion of recent studies about the regulation of EMT by cigarette smoking. Various groups of active compounds found in cigarette smoke such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK), and reactive oxygen specicies (ROS) can induce EMT through different signaling pathways. The links between EMT and biological responses to cigarette smoke, such as hypoxia, inflammation, and oxidative damages, are also discussed. The effect of cigarette smoke on EMT is not only limited to cancer types directly related to smoking, such as lung cancer, but has also been found in other types of cancer. Altogether, this review emphasizes the importance of understanding molecular mechanisms of the induction of EMT by cigarette smoking and will help in identifying novel small molecules for targeting EMT induced by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Vu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Lin Jin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Pran K Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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Liang Z, Xie W, Wu R, Geng H, Zhao L, Xie C, Li X, Huang C, Zhu J, Zhu M, Zhu W, Wu J, Geng S, Zhong C. ERK5 negatively regulates tobacco smoke-induced pulmonary epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2015; 6:19605-18. [PMID: 25965818 PMCID: PMC4637308 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the primary cause of lung cancer, tobacco smoke (TS) promotes the initiation and progression of lung tumorigenesis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process involved in cell malignant transformation. The role of ERK5, the lesser studied member of MAPKs family, in regulating TS-triggered pulmonary EMT has not been investigated. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells and BALB/c mice were used as in vitro and in vivo TS exposure models. Exposure of normal human bronchial epithelial cells to TS for 7 days induced morphological change, enhanced migratory and invasive capacities, reduced epithelial marker expression and increased mesenchymal marker expression. Importantly, we demonstrated for the first time that ERK5 negatively regulated TS-mediated lung epithelial EMT, as evidenced by the findings that TS suppressed ERK5 activation, and that TS-triggered EMT was mimicked with ERK5 inhibition and reversed by ERK5 overexpression. The negative regulation of ERK5 on pulmonary EMT was further confirmed in mice exposed to TS for 12 weeks. Taken together, our data suggest that ERK5 negatively regulates TS-mediated pulmonary EMT. These findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of TS-associated lung tumorigenesis and may open up new avenues in the search for potential target of lung cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Geng
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyun Zhu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jieshu Wu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Geng
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhao L, Geng H, Liang ZF, Zhang ZQ, Zhang T, Yu DX, Zhong CY. Benzidine induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human uroepithelial cells through ERK1/2 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:643-9. [PMID: 25757908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged benzidine exposure is a known cause of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Benzidine-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critically involved in cell malignant transformation. The role of ERK1/2 in regulating benzidine-triggered EMT has not been investigated. This study was to investigate the regulatory role of ERK1/2 in benzidine-induced EMT. By using wound healing and transwell chamber migration assays, we found that benzidine could increase SV-HUC-1 cells invasion activity, western blotting and Immunofluorescence showed that the expression levels of Snail, β-catenin, Vimentin, and MMP-2 were significantly increased, while, the expression levels of E-cadherin, ZO-1 were decreased. To further demonstrate the mechanism in this process, we found that the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, JNK and AP-1 proteins were significantly enhanced compared to the control group (*P < 0.05). Afterward, treated with MAPK pathways inhibitors, only ERK inhibitor(U0126)could reduce the expression of EMT markers in SV-HUC-1 cells, but not p38 and JNK inhibitor(SB203580, SP600125), which indicated that benzidine induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human uroepithelial cells through ERK1/2 pathway. Taken together, findings from this study could provide into the molecular mechanisms by which benzidine exerts its bladder-cancer-promoting effect as well as its target intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hao Geng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xin Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Cai-Yun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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