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Brown JS. Comparison of Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressors, and MicroRNAs Between Schizophrenia and Glioma: The Balance of Power. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 151:105206. [PMID: 37178944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The risk of cancer in schizophrenia has been controversial. Confounders of the issue are cigarette smoking in schizophrenia, and antiproliferative effects of antipsychotic medications. The author has previously suggested comparison of a specific cancer like glioma to schizophrenia might help determine a more accurate relationship between cancer and schizophrenia. To accomplish this goal, the author performed three comparisons of data; the first a comparison of conventional tumor suppressors and oncogenes between schizophrenia and cancer including glioma. This comparison determined schizophrenia has both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting characteristics. A second, larger comparison between brain-expressed microRNAs in schizophrenia with their expression in glioma was then performed. This identified a core carcinogenic group of miRNAs in schizophrenia offset by a larger group of tumor-suppressive miRNAs. This proposed "balance of power" between oncogenes and tumor suppressors could cause neuroinflammation. This was assessed by a third comparison between schizophrenia, glioma and inflammation in asbestos-related lung cancer and mesothelioma (ALRCM). This revealed that schizophrenia shares more oncogenic similarity to ALRCM than glioma.
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lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network in bladder cancer. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 8:135-145. [PMID: 36605618 PMCID: PMC9792360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common disease associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Although immunotherapy approaches such as adoptive T-cell therapy and immune checkpoint blockade have been investigated for the treatment of bladder cancer, their off-target effects and ability to affect only single targets have led to clinical outcomes that are far from satisfactory. Therefore, it is important to identify novel targets that can effectively control tumor growth and metastasis. It is well known that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are powerful regulators of gene expression. Increasing evidence has shown that dysregulated lncRNAs in bladder cancer are involved in cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this review, we focus on the roles and underlying mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in the regulation of bladder cancer progression. In addition, we discuss the potential of targeting lncRNA-mediated ceRNA networks to overcome cancer treatment resistance and its association with clinicopathological features and outcomes in bladder cancer patients. We hope this review will stimulate research to develop more effective therapeutic approaches for bladder cancer treatment.
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Martin-Way D, Puche-Sanz I, Cozar JM, Zafra-Gomez A, Gomez-Regalado MDC, Morales-Alvarez CM, Hernandez AF, Martinez-Gonzalez LJ, Alvarez-Cubero MJ. Genetic variants of antioxidant enzymes and environmental exposures as molecular biomarkers associated with the risk and aggressiveness of bladder cancer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156965. [PMID: 35764155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the top 10 most common tumours worldwide; however, no molecular markers are currently available for tumour management and follow-up. BC could benefit from molecular biomarkers in environmental disease, which provide mechanistic understanding of individual susceptibility to exposure-related cancers and allow characterizing genetic alterations in the molecular pathway for malignancy. This case-control study performed a molecular analysis in 99 BC and 125 controls. Buccal swabs were collected to assess SNPs in eleven genes coding for xenobiotic detoxification enzymes, cellular antioxidant defences, and hormone synthesis and signalling (NAT2 (rs1801280), GPX1 (rs1050450 and rs17650792), TXNRD1 (rs7310505), PRDX3 (rs3740562), PON1 (rs662), SOD1 (rs10432782), SOD2 (rs4880), CAT (rs1001179), CYP17A1 (rs743572) and ESR1 (rs746432)). A structured questionnaire was administered to study participants to assess environmental and dietary chemical exposures. Several miRNAs associated with BC and detoxification/antioxidant pathways were analysed in a subsample of the study population, including miR-93-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-126, miR-27a-3p, miR-193b, and miR-193a-5p. Levels of selected environmental pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and endocrine disrupting chemicals) were determined in urine from a subsample of BC cases and controls. We found that CYP17A1, CAT, SOD1, ESR1, PON1, and GPX1 (rs17650792) were associated with BC risk. Furthermore, exposure to smoke and/or dust, and alcohol intake were identified as risk factors for BC. Increased urinary levels of benzo[a]pyrene and bisphenol A were observed in BC patients relative to controls, along with an increased expression of miR-193b, miR-27a and miR-93-5p in BC. Nevertheless, further studies with a larger sample size are warranted to confirm these exploratory results. This study also shows that the combination of genetic markers (PON1 and CYP17A1) and miRNA (miR-221-3p and miR-93-5p) open a new scenario in the use of non-invasive biomarkers in the stratification of BC to guide personalized medicine, which is extremely urged in the current clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Martin-Way
- Urology Department, University Hospital Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Puche-Sanz
- Urology Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - J M Cozar
- Urology Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - A Zafra-Gomez
- University of Granada, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Campus of Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - M D C Gomez-Regalado
- University of Granada, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Campus of Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - C M Morales-Alvarez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, PTS, Granada, Spain
| | - A F Hernandez
- University of Granada, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, PTS, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18014 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain
| | - L J Martinez-Gonzalez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - M J Alvarez-Cubero
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, PTS, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18014 Granada, Spain
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lncRNAs: Key Regulators of Signaling Pathways in Tumor Glycolysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2267963. [PMID: 36124026 PMCID: PMC9482549 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2267963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In response to overstimulation of growth factor signaling, tumor cells can reprogram their metabolism to preferentially utilize and metabolize glucose to lactate even in the presence of abundant oxygen, which is termed the “Warburg effect” or aerobic glycolysis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides and do not encode proteins. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNAs can affect aerobic glycolysis through multiple mechanisms, including the regulation of glycolytic transporters and key rate-limiting enzymes. In addition, maladjusted signaling pathways are critical for glycolysis. Therefore, this article mainly reviews the lncRNAs involved in the regulation of tumor glycolysis key signal pathways in recent years and provides an in-depth understanding of the role of differentially expressed lncRNAs in the key signal pathways of glucose metabolism, which may help to provide new therapeutic targets and new diagnostic and prognostic markers for human cancer.
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Biological functions and clinical significance of long noncoding RNAs in bladder cancer. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:278. [PMID: 34611133 PMCID: PMC8492632 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the 10 most common cancers with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a large class of noncoding RNA transcripts, consist of more than 200 nucleotides and play a significant role in the regulation of molecular interactions and cellular pathways during the occurrence and development of various cancers. In recent years, with the rapid advancement of high-throughput gene sequencing technology, several differentially expressed lncRNAs have been discovered in BCa, and their functions have been proven to have an impact on BCa development, such as cell growth and proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and drug-resistance. Furthermore, evidence suggests that lncRNAs are significantly associated with BCa patients' clinicopathological characteristics, especially tumor grade, TNM stage, and clinical progression stage. In addition, lncRNAs have the potential to more accurately predict BCa patient prognosis, suggesting their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for BCa patients in the future. In this review, we briefly summarize and discuss recent research progress on BCa-associated lncRNAs, while focusing on their biological functions and mechanisms, clinical significance, and targeted therapy in BCa oncogenesis and malignant progression.
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Li HJ, Gong X, Li ZK, Qin W, He CX, Xing L, Zhou X, Zhao D, Cao HL. Role of Long Non-coding RNAs on Bladder Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672679. [PMID: 34422802 PMCID: PMC8371405 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in the urinary system, and its early diagnosis is conducive to improving clinical prognosis and prolonging overall survival time. However, few biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity are used as diagnostic markers for BC. Multiple long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abnormally expressed in BC, and play key roles in tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis of BC. In this review, we summarize the expression, function, molecular mechanisms and the clinical significance of lncRNAs on bladder cancer. There are more than 100 dysregulated lncRNAs in BC, which are involved in the regulation of proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, invasion, metabolism and drug resistance of BC. Meanwhile, the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in BC was explored, including lncRNAs interacting with DNA, RNA and proteins. Additionally, the abnormal expression of thirty-six lncRNAs is closely associated with multiple clinical characteristics of BC, including tumor size, metastasis, invasion, and drug sensitivity or resistance of BC. Furthermore, we summarize some potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of lncRNA for BC. This review provides promising novel biomarkers in early diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of BC based on lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jin Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, and Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Gong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, and Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng-Kun Li
- College of Medical Technology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, and Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Xia He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, and Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Xing
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, and Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, and Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, and Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Ling Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, and Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Huang P, Zhu S, Liang X, Zhang Q, Luo X, Liu C, Song L. Regulatory Mechanisms of LncRNAs in Cancer Glycolysis: Facts and Perspectives. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:5317-5336. [PMID: 34262341 PMCID: PMC8275123 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s314502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit distinct metabolic characteristics that employ glycolysis to provide energy and intermediary metabolites. This aberrant metabolic phenotype favors cancer progression. LncRNAs are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. LncRNAs contribute to cancer progression and therapeutic resistance and affect aerobic glycolysis via multiple mechanisms, including modulating glycolytic transporters and enzymes. Further, dysregulated signaling pathways are vital for glycolysis. In this review, we highlight regulatory mechanisms for lncRNAs in aerobic glycolysis that provide novel insights into cancer development. Moreover, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in aerobic glycolysis can provide new strategies for clinical cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaomi Zhu
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liang
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinxiu Zhang
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Luo
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Liu
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjiang Song
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
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Chen YS, Xu YP, Liu WH, Li DC, Wang H, Li CF. Long Noncoding RNA KCNMB2-AS1 Promotes SMAD5 by Targeting miR-3194-3p to Induce Bladder Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:649778. [PMID: 34026626 PMCID: PMC8138055 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.649778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system, with the fourth-highest incidence of male malignant tumors in Europe and the United States. So far, the mechanism of bladder cancer progression and metastasis has not been clarified. The aim of our study was to validate the way of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) KCNMB2-AS1 on the metabolism and growth of bladder cancer cells by miR-3194-3p/SMAD5. Patients and Methods The Gene Expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines, with the highly expressed KCNMB2-AS1 screened out. Cell proliferation was detected by Edu staining and clone formation assay, cell migration, and invasion by wound healing and transwell assays. Cell stemness was determined by assessing sphere-forming ability and stemness marker. Correlation between miRNA and lncRNA/gene was verified by dual‐luciferase assay and RIP, and the effect of KCNMB2-AS1 on bladder cancer growth by nude mice tumor formation experiment. Results Here, we revealed the increased level of KCNMB2-AS1 in bladder cancer for the first time. Knockdown of KCNMB2-AS1 in vitro prevented the ability of proliferation, metastasis, and stemness of cancer cells. In vivo, the silencing of KCNMB2-AS1 also prevented tumor growth in vivo. Next, we revealed that KCNMB2-AS1 could interact with miR-3194-3p and uncovered that SAMD5 was a downstream target of miR-3194-3p. Conclusion In conclusion, KCNMB2-AS1 mediated the bladder cancer cells progress by regulating the miR-3194-3p/SAMD5 signal pathway, which would provide a new target for bladder cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Chen
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Peng Xu
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Hua Liu
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - De-Chao Li
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chang-Fu Li
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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Mishra R, Patel H, Alanazi S, Kilroy MK, Garrett JT. PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer: Clinical Implications and Adverse Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3464. [PMID: 33801659 PMCID: PMC8037248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phospatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is a crucial intracellular signaling pathway which is mutated or amplified in a wide variety of cancers including breast, gastric, ovarian, colorectal, prostate, glioblastoma and endometrial cancers. PI3K signaling plays an important role in cancer cell survival, angiogenesis and metastasis, making it a promising therapeutic target. There are several ongoing and completed clinical trials involving PI3K inhibitors (pan, isoform-specific and dual PI3K/mTOR) with the goal to find efficient PI3K inhibitors that could overcome resistance to current therapies. This review focuses on the current landscape of various PI3K inhibitors either as monotherapy or in combination therapies and the treatment outcomes involved in various phases of clinical trials in different cancer types. There is a discussion of the drug-related toxicities, challenges associated with these PI3K inhibitors and the adverse events leading to treatment failure. In addition, novel PI3K drugs that have potential to be translated in the clinic are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joan T. Garrett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA; (R.M.); (H.P.); (S.A.); (M.K.K.)
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10
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Gómez-Gil V. Therapeutic Implications of TGFβ in Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030379. [PMID: 33498521 PMCID: PMC7864190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary While the importance of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in cancer development and progression has long been recognized, a successful therapy targeting this cytokine has not been developed yet. The difficulty in blocking the tumor-promoting activity of this factor while maintaining the tumor suppressor effects can compromise the expected outcomes. This systematic review summarizes and discusses the different strategies being tested to regulate TGFβ expression in cancer treatment, as well as their associated side effects. Abstract Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a pleiotropic cytokine that participates in a wide range of biological functions. The alterations in the expression levels of this factor, or the deregulation of its signaling cascade, can lead to different pathologies, including cancer. A great variety of therapeutic strategies targeting TGFβ, or the members included in its signaling pathway, are currently being researched in cancer treatment. However, the dual role of TGFβ, as a tumor suppressor or a tumor-promoter, together with its crosstalk with other signaling pathways, has hampered the development of safe and effective treatments aimed at halting the cancer progression. This systematic literature review aims to provide insight into the different approaches available to regulate TGFβ and/or the molecules involved in its synthesis, activation, or signaling, as a cancer treatment. The therapeutic strategies most commonly investigated include antisense oligonucleotides, which prevent TGFβ synthesis, to molecules that block the interaction between TGFβ and its signaling receptors, together with inhibitors of the TGFβ signaling cascade-effectors. The effectiveness and possible complications of the different potential therapies available are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Gómez-Gil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Area of Pharmacology), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Khan K, Quispe C, Javed Z, Iqbal MJ, Sadia H, Raza S, Irshad A, Salehi B, Reiner Ž, Sharifi-Rad J. Resveratrol, curcumin, paclitaxel and miRNAs mediated regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway: go four better to treat bladder cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:560. [PMID: 33292283 PMCID: PMC7685642 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a leading cause of death among urothelial malignancies that more commonly affect male population. Poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy are the two most important characteristics of this disease. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway has been considered pivotal in the regulation of proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and metastasis. Deregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling has been found in 40% of bladder cancers. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to interact with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway with a different possible role in proliferation and apoptosis in bladder cancer. Thus, miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers for BC. Natural compounds have been in the spotlight for the past decade due to their effective anti-proliferative capabilities. However, little is known of its possible effects in bladder cancer. The aim of this review is to discuss the interplay between PI3K/Akt/mTOR, miRNAs, and natural compounds and emphasize the importance of miRNAs as biomarkers and resveratrol, curcumin and paclitaxel as a possible therapeutic approach against bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbukhat Khan
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, 1110939, Iquique, Chile
| | - Zeeshan Javed
- Lahore Garrison University, Main Campus, Sector C, Phase VI, DHA Lahore Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Javed Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Haleema Sadia
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITMS, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Raza
- Lahore Garrison University, Main Campus, Sector C, Phase VI, DHA Lahore Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asma Irshad
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Sun X, Cai Y, Hu X, Mo M, Zhao C, He W, Li Y. Long noncoding RNA MAFG-AS1 facilitates bladder cancer tumorigenesis via regulation of miR-143-3p/SERPINE1 axis. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:7214-7226. [PMID: 35117325 PMCID: PMC8799265 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as key regulators of bladder cancer progression. While lncRNA MAFG-AS1 has been confirmed as an oncogenic molecule in various cancers and tumorigenesis, in present study, we investigated its function and role in the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer. Methods The expression of MAFG-AS1, miR-143-3p and SERPINE1 in bladder cancer tissues was detected by qRT-PCR methods. The relationship between MAFG-AS1 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics of bladder cancer was analyzed. The effects of MAFG-AS1 depletion on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were investigated. The binding relationship of MAFG-AS1, miR-143-3p and SERPINE1 was examined by luciferase reporter analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Results MAFG-AS1 was upregulated in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. High MAFG-AS1 expression was associated with bladder cancer histological grade, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis, and patients with high expression showed poor overall survival. Cell function experiments showed that MAFG-AS1 silencing markedly suppressed bladder cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and increased cell apoptosis. Moreover, our results demonstrated that MAFG-AS1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-143-3p to modulate SERPINE1 levels. Further analysis showed that miR-143-3p inhibition or SERPINE1 overexpression alleviated the suppressive effects of MAFG-AS1 silencing on malignant features. Conclusions Our findings indicated that MAFG-AS1 facilitates tumorigenesis via regulation of the miR-143-3p/SERPINE1 axis and also provides a novel insight into tumorigenesis and identify a promising therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiheng Hu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Mo
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangle Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Xing Z, Li S, Liu Z, Zhang C, Meng M, Bai Z. The long non-coding RNA LINC00473 contributes to cell proliferation via JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway by regulating miR-195-5p/SEPT2 axis in prostate cancer. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20191850. [PMID: 32440687 PMCID: PMC7494984 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a kind of male malignant tumor, which has brought tremendous health threat to men. Prostate cancer is difficult to be cured because of high incidence and metastasis rate. Thereby, it is of great urgency to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of prostate cancer for the treatment of this cancer. LINC00473 dysregulation has been observed in many cancers. However, the role of LINC00473 was unknown in prostate cancer. In the present study, we discovered that prostate cancer cells presented high expression of LINC00473, and LINC00473 inhibition limited cell proliferation and the expression of proteins in JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway. Additionally, LINC00473 acted as an up-stream factor for miR-195-5p to negatively modulate miR-195-5p expression. Moreover, SEPT2 interacted with miR-195-5p in prostate cancer and SEPT2 expression was positively modulated by LINC00473 and negatively regulated by miR-195-5p. Last, the inhibitory effect of LINC00473 knockdown on cell proliferation and expression of proteins of JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway was restored by SEPT2 overexpression. All in all, LINC00473 contributed to cell proliferation via JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway by regulating miR-195-5p/SEPT2 axis in prostate cancer, which provided a novel therapeutic tactic for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengshu Xing
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43, Renmin Road, Meilan District, Haikou, 570208, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Sailian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43, Renmin Road, Meilan District, Haikou, 570208, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43, Renmin Road, Meilan District, Haikou, 570208, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Meijiang Meng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43, Renmin Road, Meilan District, Haikou, 570208, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Bai
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43, Renmin Road, Meilan District, Haikou, 570208, Hainan Province, P.R. China
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14
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Shen C, Wang Y, Wu Z, Da L, Gao S, Xie L, Qie Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Tian D, Hu H. Long noncoding RNAs, ENST00000598996 and ENST00000524265, are correlated with favorable prognosis and act as potential tumor suppressors in bladder cancer. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1831-1850. [PMID: 33000254 PMCID: PMC7550980 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a serious malignancy worldwide due to its distant metastasis and high recurrence rates. Increasing evidence has indicated that dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis and progression in multiple malignancies. However, their clinical significances, biological functions and molecular mechanisms in BC remain poorly understood. Hence, the present study investigated the expression profile of lncRNAs and mRNAs in five BC tissues and the corresponding adjacent normal specimens using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). A total of 103 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were identified, including 35 upregulated and 68 downregulated ones in BC tissues. Similarly, a total of 2,756 DE-mRNAs were detected, including 1,467 upregulated and 1,289 downregulated. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses, and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network analyses suggested that these dysregulated lncRNAs are potentially implicated in the onset and progression of BC. Subsequently, four lncRNAs (upregulated ENST00000433108; downregulated ENST00000598996, ENST00000524265 and ENST00000398461) and two mRNAs (upregulated CCNB1 and CDK1) in 64 pairs of BC and adjacent normal tissues and four BC cell lines were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and these results were consistent with the sequencing data. Additionally, Fisher's exact test, Kaplan-Meier plots, and Cox regression analyses were used for elucidating the clinical values of ENST00000598996 and ENST00000524265. Furthermore, a receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to assess their diagnostic values. The low expression level of ENST00000598996 and ENST00000524265 was correlated with unfavorable clinicopathological parameters, and shorter progression-free and overall survival time, whereas, ENST00000433108 was not associated with either. The in vitro functional experiments also revealed that the overexpression of ENST00000598996 and ENST00000524265 decreased the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of BC cells. Collectively, the results of the present study provide a novel landscape of lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in BC. In addition, the results also indicated that ENST00000598996 and ENST00000524265 may serve as tumor suppressors, potential diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic predictors for patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Shen
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Zhouliang Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - La Da
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Linguo Xie
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Yunkai Qie
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Yinlei Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Tian
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
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15
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Duan H, Ding X, Luo H. The prognostic value of long noncoding RNA activated by TGF-β in digestive system cancers: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21324. [PMID: 32791727 PMCID: PMC7387048 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To systematically evaluate whether the expression level of long non-coding RNA activated by transforming growth factor-β (lncRNA-ATB) is correlated with the prognosis of digestive system cancer (DSC) patients. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Springerlink, Nature, and Karger databases were searched up to April 20, 2019 by 2 experienced researchers independently. The quality of studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The Review Manager 5.2 and STATA 12.0 software were used for this meta-analysis. RESULT Eleven studies with 1227 DSC patients were included in the meta-analysis. Except for pancreatic cancer, high expression of lncRNA-ATB was associated with lymph node metastasis (risk ratio (RR) = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-1.42, P < .001), advanced clinical staging (RR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.23-1.69, P < .001), reduced overall survival rate (OS) (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.33, 95%CI: 1.22-4.50, P = .01), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR = 2.61, 95%CI: 1.46-4.65, P = .001) compared with low lncRNA-ATB expression in DSCs. CONCLUSIONS High expression of lncRNA-ATB was significantly correlated with poor prognosis for most DSCs. The expression level of lncRNA-ATB could be a promising prognostic biomarker for DSC patients.
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16
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Jiang N, Dai Q, Su X, Fu J, Feng X, Peng J. Role of PI3K/AKT pathway in cancer: the framework of malignant behavior. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4587-4629. [PMID: 32333246 PMCID: PMC7295848 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Given that the PI3K/AKT pathway has manifested its compelling influence on multiple cellular process, we further review the roles of hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT pathway in various human cancers. We state the abnormalities of PI3K/AKT pathway in different cancers, which are closely related with tumorigenesis, proliferation, growth, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem-like phenotype, immune microenvironment and drug resistance of cancer cells. In addition, we investigated the current clinical trials of inhibitors against PI3K/AKT pathway in cancers and found that the clinical efficacy of these inhibitors as monotherapy has so far been limited despite of the promising preclinical activity, which means combinations of targeted therapy may achieve better efficacies in cancers. In short, we hope to feature PI3K/AKT pathway in cancers to the clinic and bring the new promising to patients for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningni Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Qijie Dai
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Xiaorui Su
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Jianjiang Fu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Xuancheng Feng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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17
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LncRNA-ATB in cancers: what do we know so far? Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4077-4086. [PMID: 32248383 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-related deaths did not apparently decrease in the past decades despite aggressive treatments. It's reported that cancer will become the leading cause of death worldwide in the twenty-first century. Increasing evidence has revealed that lncRNAs will emerge as promising cancer biomarkers or therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. LncRNA-ATB, a long noncoding RNA activated by TGF-β, was found to be abnormally expressed in certain cancers and participate in the development and progression of tumors. In addition, aberrant lncRNA-ATB expression was also associated with clinical characteristics of tumors. The purpose of this review is to summarize functions and underlying mechanisms of lncRNA-ATB in tumors, and discuss whether lncRNA-ATB can be a biomarker and therapeutic target in cancers.
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18
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Yang X, Tao H, Wang C, Chen W, Hua F, Qian H. lncRNA-ATB promotes stemness maintenance in colorectal cancer by regulating transcriptional activity of the β-catenin pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3097-3103. [PMID: 32256798 PMCID: PMC7086234 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA activated by transforming growth factor-β (ATB) was recently reported to be involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of ATB in colorectal cancer (CRC) stemness remains unclear. In the present study, the functional role of ATB in maintaining stemness of CRC was determined using colony formation and sphere formation assays, and xenograft models. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of ATB. Knockdown of ATB impaired colony formation and sphere formation in CRC cells, accompanied by an inhibition of colon tumor growth. Further results suggested that ATB regulated the transcriptional activity of the β-catenin pathway by inhibiting β-catenin expression. In addition, the results confirmed the role of β-catenin in ATB-mediated regulation of stemness in CRC. Collectively, the results indicated that ATB is a promising therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Hanchuan Tao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Dongtai Hospital of Nantong University, Dongtai, Jiangsu 224200, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Dongtai Hospital of Nantong University, Dongtai, Jiangsu 224200, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Dongtai Hospital of Nantong University, Dongtai, Jiangsu 224200, P.R. China
| | - Fu Hua
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Dongtai Hospital of Nantong University, Dongtai, Jiangsu 224200, P.R. China
| | - Haixin Qian
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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19
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Jiang B, Tang Y, Wang H, Chen C, Yu W, Sun H, Duan M, Lin X, Liang P. Down-regulation of long non-coding RNA HOTAIR promotes angiogenesis via regulating miR-126/SCEL pathways in burn wound healing. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:61. [PMID: 31974341 PMCID: PMC6978466 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
miR-126, an endothelial-specific microRNA, is associated to vascular integrity and angiogenesis. It is well established that angiogenesis plays a critical role in burn wound healing. However, there was a lack of understanding of the mechanism by which miR-126 regulates angiogenesis during burn wound healing. HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is a well-characterized long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. Sciellin (SCEL), a precursor to the cornified envelope of human keratinocytes, has been shown to inhibit migration and invasion capabilities of colorectal cancer cells. In this study, a cohort of 20 burn wound tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues were collected. LncRNA and messenger RNA expression profiles were screened by microarray analysis in five pairs of samples with mostly increased miR-126 levels. miR-126 was highly expressed in burn wound tissues and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to heat stress, whereas HOTAIR and SCEL were down-regulated after thermal injury. Bioinformatic analysis, dual luciferase reporter assay, and quantitative real-time PCR were conducted to validate that HOTAIR and SCEL competitively bind to miR-126 to function as the competitive endogenous RNA. miR-126 promoted endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, but suppressed apoptosis, while HOTAIR and SCEL exerted opposite effects in HUVECs. The biological functions were determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, Annexin-V-FITC/PI (propidium iodide/fluorescein isothiocyanate) staining, transwell migration, and tube formation assays. Collectively, our study revealed that HOTAIR/miR-126/SCEL axis contributes to burn wound healing through mediating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimei Jiang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenchang Yu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengting Duan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofang Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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20
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Cao Y, Tian T, Li W, Xu H, Zhan C, Wu X, Wang C, Wu X, Wu W, Zheng S, Xie K. Long non-coding RNA in bladder cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 503:113-121. [PMID: 31940466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common malignant disease and ranks fourteenth in cancer mortality worldwide. Moreover, among cancers, the incidence and mortality of BC in males increased to the 6th and 9th place, respectively. The overall survival (OS) declines dramatically as the cancer progresses, especially when urothelial cells transition from noninvasive to invasive. It is well known that epithelial cells can acquire invasive properties and a propensity to metastasize through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in tumourigenesis and progression. However, the potential molecular mechanisms and key pathways are still unclear. As the sequencing technology advances, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to play an important role in regulating biological processes and cellular pathways. Here, we reviewed important lncRNAs, such as H19, UCA1 and MALAT1, that participate in the malignant phenotype of BC and regulate EMT signalling networks in the invasion-metastasis cascade during BC development. We further discuss MALAT1, PCAT-1 and SPRY4-IT1, and also urine and blood exosomal H19 and PTENP as potential noninvasive biomarkers. Moreover, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and a double-stranded DNA plasmid (BC-819) have been designed for use in preclinical cancer models and clinical trials in patients. Therefore, the results of investigations have gradually prompted the utility of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuepeng Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China; Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Child Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanzi Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanfei Zhan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhong Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanke Wu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyun Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Kaipeng Xie
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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21
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Li Q, Chen W, Luo R, Zhang Z, Song M, Chen W, Yang Z, Yang Y, Guo Z, Yang A. Upregulation of OIP5-AS1 Predicts Poor Prognosis and Contributes to Thyroid Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:279-291. [PMID: 32193154 PMCID: PMC7078457 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As a common malignancy, thyroid cancer mainly occurs in the endocrine system. There have been accumulating studies on therapeutic methods of thyroid cancer, but its internal molecular mechanism is still not fully understood. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) OIP5-AS1 was confirmed as an oncogene and related to poor prognosis in various cancers. Nevertheless, its role and underlying mechanism remain unclear in thyroid cancer. Here, we observed a significant upregulation of OIP5-AS1 in thyroid cancer tissues and cells, and upregulated OIP5-AS1 was correlated with poor prognosis in thyroid cancer. Moreover, OIP5-AS1 knockdown resulted in the inhibited cell proliferation and migration, while overexpressed OIP5-AS1 exhibited the reverse function in thyroid cancer. Besides, OIP5-AS1 was found to positively regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Through mechanism exploration, OIP5-AS1 was discovered to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via FXR1/YY1/CTNNB1 axis. Finally, rescue assays indicated that the inhibitive role of silenced OIP5-AS1 in thyroid cancer cell growth and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway could be rescued by overexpression of CTNNB1 or addition of lithium chloride (LiCl). In conclusion, upregulation of OIP5-AS1 predicted unfavorable prognosis and enhanced thyroid cancer cell growth by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weichao Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rongzhen Luo
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ming Song
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenkuan Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhongyuan Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuanzhong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhuming Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ankui Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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22
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Zhang D, Shi G, Qiu J, Shi C, Liang Y, Yuan L, Yong Z, Li J, Cao Y. Overexpression of long noncoding RNA ENST433110 inhibits cell proliferation and migration and enhances cell apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1763480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangqing Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Can Shi
- Department of Radiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Yong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Shan G, Tang T, Xia Y, Qian HJ. Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 promotes bladder progression through regulating miR-410 mediated HMGB1. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109248. [PMID: 31734579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNA NEAT1 is reported as a crucial oncogene in multiple cancers. But, its biological role in bladder cancer is barely understood. Therefore, we concentrated on the function and role of NEAT1 in bladder cancer. Firstly, NEAT1 expression in bladder cancer cells was determined and it was displayed NEAT1 was significant elevated. NEAT1 was knockdown and overexpressed in T24 and J82 cells. Then it was indicated that NEAT1 silence greatly inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation with an increased ratio of apoptotic cells and severe cell cycle arrest. Overexpression of NEAT1 exhibited a reversed process in bladder cancer cells. Additionally, in vivo experiments were employed using establishment of nude mice models. NEAT1 knockdown inhibited bladder cancer growth while increase of NEAT1 promoted bladder cancer development in vivo. By employing the bioinformatics analysis, we speculated that miR-410 was as a downstream target of NEAT1. Then, the targeting association between them was proved in our research and we implicated miR-410 was dramatically restrained in bladder cancer cells. Meanwhile, it was exhibited that miR-410 was negatively regulated by NEAT1. Apart from these, HMGB1 was speculated as a downstream target of miR-410. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to prove the correlation between miR-410 and HMGB1. Up-regulation of miR-410 restrained HMGB1 levels and NEAT1 can regulate HMGB1 level via sponging miR-410. To sum up, we implied NEAT1/miR-410/HMGB1 axis participated in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Shan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Tian Tang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Xia
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui-Jun Qian
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Wang CZ, Yan GX, Dong DS, Xin H, Liu ZY. LncRNA-ATB promotes autophagy by activating Yes-associated protein and inducing autophagy-related protein 5 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5310-5322. [PMID: 31558875 PMCID: PMC6761242 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i35.5310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in many diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Autophagy is a metabolic pathway that facilitates cancer cell survival in response to stress. The relationship between autophagy and the lncRNA-activated by transforming growth factor beta (lncRNA-ATB) in HCC remains unknown.
AIM To explore the influence of lncRNA-ATB in regulating autophagy in HCC cells and the underlying mechanism.
METHODS In the present study, we evaluated lncRNA-ATB expression in tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues from 72 HCC cases by real-time PCR. We evaluated the role of lncRNA-ATB in the proliferation and clonogenicity of HCC cells in vitro. The effect of lncRNA-ATB on autophagy was determined using a LC3-GFP reporter and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the mechanism by which lncRNA-ATB regulates autophagy was explored by immunofluorescence staining, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and Western blot.
RESULTS The expression of lncRNA-ATB was higher in HCC tissues than in normal liver tissues, and lncRNA-ATB expression was positively correlated with tumor size, TNM stage, and poorer survival of patients with HCC. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of lncRNA-ATB promoted cell proliferation and clonogenicnity of HCC cells in vitro. LncRNA-ATB promoted autophagy by activating Yes-associated protein (YAP). Moreover, lncRNA-ATB interacted with autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) mRNA and increased ATG5 expression.
CONCLUSION LncRNA-ATB regulates autophagy by activating YAP and increasing ATG5 expression. Our data demonstrate a novel function for lncRNA-ATB in autophagy and suggest that lncRNA-ATB plays an important role in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Zhuo Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guang-Xin Yan
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - De-Shuo Dong
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - He Xin
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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25
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Zhou K, Yang J, Li X, Chen W. Long non-coding RNA XIST promotes cell proliferation and migration through targeting miR-133a in bladder cancer. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3475-3483. [PMID: 31602223 PMCID: PMC6777290 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) X inactive specific transcript (XIST) has recently been reported to promote the malignant progression of bladder cancer through regulating several microRNAs (miRs), including miR-124, miR-139-5p and miR-200c. However, whether other miRs are also involved in this process has remained to be determined. The present study demonstrated that XIST was significantly upregulated in bladder cancer tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, its expression was reduced in several common bladder cancer cell lines. High expression of XIST was significantly associated with tumour progression and poor prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. An in vitro experiment indicated that knockdown of XIST significantly reduced the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells. A luciferase assay suggested that XIST binds to its predicted binding site in miR-133a. In addition, it was identified that miR-133a was significantly downregulated in bladder cancer, and its expression levels were inversely correlated with those of XIST in bladder cancer tissues. Furthermore, loss- and gain-of-function experiments indicated that miR-133a acted as a downstream effector in XIST-mediated bladder cancer cell proliferation and migration. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that XIST promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation and migration via targeting miR-133a and thus suggests that XIST may be used as a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jinrui Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xurui Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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26
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Song A, Feng R, Gao J, Yang C. Long noncoding RNA Alu-mediated p21 transcriptional regulator promotes proliferation, migration, and pipe-formation of human microvascular endothelial cells by sponging miR-126. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19858-19867. [PMID: 31310378 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a serious hazard to the elderly in the lower extremity atherosclerotic plaque, accompanied by a large number of angiogenesis. Long noncoding RNA Alu-mediated p21 transcriptional regulator (APTR) exerts important functions in promoting cell growth. Therefore, we planned to research the mechanism of APTR in angiogenesis in PAD. CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry analysis, and migration assay were to detect cell viability, apoptosis, and migration respectively. The interaction between APTR and miR-12 was tested through luciferase activity test. In vitro angiogenesis assay was used to test the number of tubular cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot were to test expression of APTR, miR-126, and angiogenesis relative factors. There was spontaneously pipe-formation in HEMC-1 cells under matrigel condition. Knockdown of APTR inhibited cell viability and migration and reduced the number of tubular cells. Further, APTR sponged miR-126 and downregulating miR-126 to promote angiogenesis. Overexpression of APTR promoted cell activity and migration and increased the number of tubular cells via negatively regulating miR-126. APTR could elevate activating phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen extracellular kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signal pathways via negatively regulating miR-126 to promote cell proliferation, migration, and pipe-formation. We researched the mechanism of angiogenesis that APTR elevated proliferation, migration, and pipe-formation via negatively regulating miR-126.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Song
- Department of General Surgery, Juancheng People's Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Rong Feng
- Department of Cardiac Vascular Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Jianying Gao
- Department of Quality Control, Branch of Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- Department of Cardiac Vascular Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
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27
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Hao Y, Baker D, Ten Dijke P. TGF-β-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112767. [PMID: 31195692 PMCID: PMC6600375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 641] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a secreted cytokine that regulates cell proliferation, migration, and the differentiation of a plethora of different cell types. Consistent with these findings, TGF-β plays a key role in controlling embryogenic development, inflammation, and tissue repair, as well as in maintaining adult tissue homeostasis. TGF-β elicits a broad range of context-dependent cellular responses, and consequently, alterations in TGF-β signaling have been implicated in many diseases, including cancer. During the early stages of tumorigenesis, TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor by inducing cytostasis and the apoptosis of normal and premalignant cells. However, at later stages, when cancer cells have acquired oncogenic mutations and/or have lost tumor suppressor gene function, cells are resistant to TGF-β-induced growth arrest, and TGF-β functions as a tumor promotor by stimulating tumor cells to undergo the so-called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The latter leads to metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. TGF-β further supports cancer growth and progression by activating tumor angiogenesis and cancer-associated fibroblasts and enabling the tumor to evade inhibitory immune responses. In this review, we will consider the role of TGF-β signaling in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, EMT and cancer cell metastasis. In particular, we will highlight recent insights into the multistep and dynamically controlled process of TGF-β-induced EMT and the functions of miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in this process. Finally, we will discuss how these new mechanistic insights might be exploited to develop novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hao
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - David Baker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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28
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Tang F, Wang H, Chen E, Bian E, Xu Y, Ji X, Yang Z, Hua X, Zhang Y, Zhao B. LncRNA-ATB promotes TGF-β-induced glioma cells invasion through NF-κB and P38/MAPK pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23302-23314. [PMID: 31140621 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioma constitutes the most aggressive primary intracranial malignancy in adults. We previously showed that long noncoding RNA activated by TGF-β (lncRNA-ATB) promoted the glioma cells invasion. However, whether lncRNA-ATB is involved in TGF-β-mediated invasion of glioma cells remains unknown. In this study, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used for detecting the mRNA and protein expression of related genes, respectively. Transwell assay was performed to assess the impact of lncRNA-ATB on TGF-β-induced glioma cells migration and invasion. Immunofluorescence staining was utilized to characterize related protein distribution. Results showed that TGF-β upregulated lncRNA-ATB expression in glioma LN-18 and U251 cells. Overexpression of lncRNA-ATB activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and promoted P65 translocation into the nucleus, thus facilitated glioma cells invasion stimulated by TGF-β. Similarly, lncRNA-ATB markedly enhanced TGF-β-mediated invasion of glioma cells through activation P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38/MAPK) pathway. Moreover, both the NF-κB selected inhibitor pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium and P38/MAPK specific inhibitor SB203580 partly reversed lncRNA-ATB induced glioma cells invasion mediated by TGF-β. Collectively, this study revealed that lncRNA-ATB promotes TGF-β-induced glioma cell invasion through NF-κB and P38/MAPK pathway and established a detailed framework for understanding the way how lncRNA-ATB performs its function in TGF-β-mediated glioma invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anuhi, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anuhi, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Erfeng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anuhi, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Erbao Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anuhi, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yadi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anuhi, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinghu Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anuhi, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anuhi, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangyang Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anuhi, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yile Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anuhi, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anuhi, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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29
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Liang T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. Retracted
: Long noncoding RNA PEG10 facilitates bladder cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion via repressing microRNA‐29b. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19740-19749. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liang
- Cancer Center The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Yongkun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics China‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Urology China‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Urology China‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin China
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30
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Yang J, Nie J, Ma X, Wei Y, Peng Y, Wei X. Targeting PI3K in cancer: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:26. [PMID: 30782187 PMCID: PMC6379961 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 898] [Impact Index Per Article: 179.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is one of the most important intracellular pathways, which can be considered as a master regulator for cancer. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to the development of drugs targeting PI3K signaling, many of which are currently employed in clinical trials evaluation, and it is becoming increasingly clear that PI3K inhibitors are effective in inhibiting tumor progression. PI3K inhibitors are subdivided into dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, pan-PI3K inhibitors and isoform-specific inhibitors. In this review, we performed a critical review to summarize the role of the PI3K pathway in tumor development, recent PI3K inhibitors development based on clinical trials, and the mechanisms of resistance to PI3K inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ji Nie
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Zheng X, Liu M, Song Y, Feng C. Long Noncoding RNA-ATB Impairs the Function of Tumor Suppressor miR-126-Mediated Signals in Endometrial Cancer for Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:47-55. [PMID: 30601064 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long non-coding RNA-ATB (Lnc-ATB) have been reported to promote tumor proliferation and metastasis via regulation of tumor suppressive miRNA-related signals. Patients with endometrial cancer (EC) have advanced stage disease or metastasis have poor prognosis. We here investigated the role of Lnc-ATB in endometrial cancer. METHODS Endometrial cancer tissues and normal tissues (n = 35) were collected to determine the expression and clinical significance of Lnc-ATB, and bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the miRNA target. siRNA was used to estimate the function of Lnc-ATB in EC cell lines and in vivo. RESULT The expression of Lnc-ATB is up-regulated in tumor tissues and EC cell lines. Patients with high expressed Lnc-ATB have high FIGO stage and poor tumor differentiation. The tumor suppressor miR-126 interacted with Lnc-ATB. Down-regulated miR-126 negative correlated with FIGO stage and tumor differentiation. Knockdown of Lnc-ATB in RL95 and HEC1A cell lines increased the miR-126 level and impaired the cell vitality, induced caspase-3-related tumor apoptosis and G1/S arrest. However, abrogation of miR-126 by its inhibitors counteracted Lnc-ATB knockdown-induced tumor inhibition via regulation of miR-126 target gene PIK3R2 and Sox2-related apoptosis and cell cycle pathway. Meanwhile, Lnc-ATB knockdown also suppressed the migration and invasion and inhibited TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype via miR-126. Knockdown of Lnc-ATB in vivo remarkably induced tumor regression via restoration of tumor suppressor miR-126, leading to deceased tumor volume, reduced expression of PCNA and PIK3R2/Sox2 signals and EMT phenotype in tumor tissues. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate the tumorigenic role of Lnc-ATBs in endometrial cancer via abrogation of tumor suppressor miR-126 signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zheng
- 1 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Fifth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Liu
- 2 Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Yan'an, China
| | - YingChun Song
- 3 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - ChunHua Feng
- 4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongchuan People's Hospital, Tongchuan, China
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Knockdown of long non-coding RNA metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 inhibits the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells by modulating the microRNA-34a/cyclin D1 axis. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:547-556. [PMID: 30387807 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) has been demonstrated to participate in the development and progression of some common cancer types, including bladder cancer (BC). However, the regulatory mechanism of MALAT1 underlying BC growth and metastasis remains to be fully elucidated. The present study revealed that MALAT1 was significantly upregulated in BC tissues and cell lines compared with the adjacent non‑tumour tissues and the normal urinary tract epithelial cell line SV‑HUC‑1, respectively. The expression levels of MALAT1 were higher in stage III‑IV BC tissues when compared with that in stage I‑II tissues. Furthermore, knockdown of MALAT1 significantly inhibited BC cell proliferation and migration by targeting microRNA (miR)‑34a. The expression levels of miR‑34a were significantly decreased in BC tissues and cell lines compared with that of adjacent non‑tumour tissues and SV‑HUC‑1 cells. In addition, the expression of miR‑34a was inversely correlated with the expression of MALAT1 in BC tissues. The present study revealed that cyclin D1 (CCND1) was identified as a target gene of miR‑34a, and its expression was negatively mediated by miR‑34a in BC cells. Notably, the upregulation of CCND1 impaired the effect of MALAT1 inhibition on BC cell proliferation and migration. In addition, the expression levels of CCND1 were significantly increased in BC tissues and cell lines. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrated that the knockdown of lncRNA MALAT1 inhibits the proliferation and migration of BC cells by modulating the miR‑34a/CCND1 axis, suggesting that the MALAT1/miR‑34a/CCND1 axis may be a potential therapeutic target for BC treatment.
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Shen X, Piao L, Zhang S, Cui Y, Cui Y, Quan X, Sun H. Long non-coding RNA activated by TGF-β expression in cancer prognosis: A meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2018; 58:37-45. [PMID: 30121307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, long non-coding RNA activated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (lncRNA ATB) was shown to be useful in cancer prognosis, however, its prognostic value in human cancer has been inconsistent. Our study aimed to explore the prognostic role of lncRNA ATB expression in cancer prognosis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were thoroughly searched to retrieve studies focusing on the prognostic role of lncRNA ATB expression in cancer, and meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 15 studies were included into this meta-analysis. High lncRNA ATB expression was significantly related to shorter overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.44, 95%CI = 1.98-3.01, P < 0.01), recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.42-2.40, P < 0.01), disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 3.61, 95%CI = 2.45-5.33, P < 0.01), and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 2.97, 95%CI = 2.12-4.16, P < 0.01) when compared with low lncRNA ATB expression in cancer. Moreover, Patients with high lncRNA ATB expression tended to have worse tumor differentiation (P < 0.01), more advanced clinical stage (P < 0.01), deeper tumor invasion (P < 0.01), earlier distant metastases (P = 0.02), lymph node metastases (P = 0.04), and vascular invasion (P < 0.01) when compared with those with low lncRNA ATB expression. CONCLUSIONS High lncRNA ATB expression was significantly associated with worse prognosis in cancer. LncRNA ATB expression could be used as a prognostic biomarker for human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xionghu Shen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Longzhen Piao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Songnan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yuzhen Cui
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xianglan Quan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Honghua Sun
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, Jilin Province, China.
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Zhao Q, Gao S, Du Q, Liu Y. Long non-coding RNA SNHG20 promotes bladder cancer via activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2839-2848. [PMID: 30106094 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non‑coding RNA, small nucleolar RNA host gene 20 (SNHG20), is involved in promoting several common types of human cancer, however, the exact function of SNHG20 in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to examine the regulatory mechanism of SNHG20 underlying the malignant progression of bladder cancer. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to examine mRNA and protein expression. Cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, colony formation, migration and invasion were also studied. The resulting data indicated that SNHG20 was significantly upregulated in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines, compared with its expression in adjacent non‑tumour tissues and the SV‑HUC‑1 normal urinary tract epithelial cell line, respectively. In addition, the high expression of SNHG20 was associated with advanced clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and reduced patient survival rate. The knockdown of SNHG20 caused a significant reduction in cancer cell survival, proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis. Additionally, the inhibition of SNHG20 reduced tumour growth in vivo. Investigations into the mechanism revealed that the inhibition of SNHG20 suppressed the activation of Wnt/β‑catenin signalling and the expression of certain key genes in bladder cancer cells. Taken together, these results indicated that SNHG20 is involved in promoting bladder cancer and may be used as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Zhao
- Department of Urology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Saiyue Gao
- Physical Examination Laboratory, Lanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Qingyan Du
- Physical Examination Laboratory, Lanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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Guo L, Yin M, Wang Y. CREB1, a direct target of miR-122, promotes cell proliferation and invasion in bladder cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3842-3848. [PMID: 30127997 PMCID: PMC6096188 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a prevalent cancer, which arises from the epithelial lining of the urinary bladder. CAMP-response element binding protein (CREB1) acts as a transcription factor, which regulates cell transcription through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. The purpose of this study was to explore how miR-122 worked in BC on cell proliferation and invasion. RT-qPCR was applied to evaluate the mRNA levels of CREB1 and miR-122 in BC. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were employed to determine the migratory and invasive abilities. Dual luciferase reporter assay was applied to verify miR-122 targeting CREB1 in BC. CREB1 was upregulated in bladder tissues and T24, UM-UC-3 and J82 cells, while miR-122 upregulated and had negative correlation with CREB1. Moreover, knockdown of CREB1 inhibited cell proliferative and invasive capacities. In addition, CREB1 was directly targeted by miR-122 in BC and regulated its expression. We discovered that CREB1 could reverse partially the function of miR-122 on cell proliferation and invasion. CREB1 was mediated by miR-122, and regulated cell proliferation and invasiveness. The newly identified miR-122/CREB1 axis provides novel insight into the pathogenesis of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Guo
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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MicroRNAs in Smoking-Related Carcinogenesis: Biomarkers, Functions, and Therapy. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7050098. [PMID: 29723992 PMCID: PMC5977137 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7050098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term heavy cigarette smoking is a well-known high-risk factor for carcinogenesis in various organs such as the head and neck, lungs, and urinary bladder. Furthermore, cigarette smoking can systemically accelerate aging, and as the result, promoting carcinogenesis via changing the host microenvironment. Various inflammatory factors, hormones, and chemical mediators induced by smoking mediate carcinoma-related molecules and induce carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of short noncoding RNA molecules that bind to mRNAs and inhibit their expression. Cigarette smoke induces the expression of various miRNAs, many of which are known to function in the post-transcriptional silencing of anticancer molecules, thereby leading to smoking-induced carcinogenesis. Analysis of expression profiles of smoking-induced miRNAs can help identify biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of smoking-related cancers and prediction of therapeutic responses, as well as revealing promising therapeutic targets. Here, we introduce the most recent and useful findings of miRNA analyses focused on lung cancer and urinary bladder cancer, which are strongly associated with cigarette smoking, and discuss the utility of miRNAs as clinical biomarkers.
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