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Moreira JDR, Rosa BL, Lira BS, Lima JE, Correia LNF, Otoni WC, Figueira A, Freschi L, Sakamoto T, Peres LEP, Rossi M, Zsögön A. Auxin-driven ecophysiological diversification of leaves in domesticated tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:113-126. [PMID: 35639975 PMCID: PMC9434155 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Heterobaric leaves have bundle sheath extensions (BSEs) that compartmentalize the parenchyma, whereas homobaric leaves do not. The presence of BSEs affects leaf hydraulics and photosynthetic rate. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) obscuravenosa (obv) mutant lacks BSEs. Here, we identify the obv gene and the causative mutation, a nonsynonymous amino acid change that disrupts a C2H2 zinc finger motif in a putative transcription factor. This mutation exists as a polymorphism in the natural range of wild tomatoes but has increased in frequency in domesticated tomatoes, suggesting that the latter diversified into heterobaric and homobaric leaf types. The obv mutant displays reduced vein density, leaf hydraulic conductance and photosynthetic assimilation rate. We show that these and other pleiotropic effects on plant development, including changes in leaf insertion angle, leaf margin serration, minor vein density, and fruit shape, are controlled by OBV via changes in auxin signaling. Loss of function of the transcriptional regulator AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 4 (ARF4) also results in defective BSE development, revealing an additional component of a genetic module controlling aspects of leaf development important for ecological adaptation and subject to breeding selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliene d R Moreira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Rosa
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno S Lira
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joni E Lima
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ludmila N F Correia
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner C Otoni
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antonio Figueira
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, 13400-970 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tetsu Sakamoto
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Instituto Metrópole Digital, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, 59078-400 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Lázaro E P Peres
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (LCB), Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz,” Universidade de São Paulo, CP 09, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil
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Lu J, Pan C, Li X, Huang Z, Shu J, Wang X, Lu X, Pan F, Hu J, Zhang H, Su W, Zhang M, Du Y, Liu L, Guo Y, Li J. OBV (obscure vein), a C 2H 2 zinc finger transcription factor, positively regulates chloroplast development and bundle sheath extension formation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaf veins. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:230. [PMID: 34719693 PMCID: PMC8558323 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Leaf veins play an important role in plant growth and development, and the bundle sheath (BS) is believed to greatly improve the photosynthetic efficiency of C4 plants. The OBV mutation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) results in dark veins and has been used widely in processing tomato varieties. However, physiological performance has difficulty explaining fitness in production. In this study, we confirmed that this mutation was caused by both the increased chlorophyll content and the absence of bundle sheath extension (BSE) in the veins. Using genome-wide association analysis and map-based cloning, we revealed that OBV encoded a C2H2L domain class transcription factor. It was localized in the nucleus and presented cell type-specific gene expression in the leaf veins. Furthermore, we verified the gene function by generating CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and overexpression mutants of the tomato gene. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that OBV was involved in regulating chloroplast development and photosynthesis, which greatly supported the change in chlorophyll content by mutation. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that OBV affected the growth and development of tomato by regulating chloroplast development in leaf veins. This study also provides a solid foundation to further decipher the mechanism of BSEs and to understand the evolution of photosynthesis in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunyang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zejun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinshuai Shu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenyue Su
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongchen Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanmei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Junming Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Karabourniotis G, Liakopoulos G, Bresta P, Nikolopoulos D. The Optical Properties of Leaf Structural Elements and Their Contribution to Photosynthetic Performance and Photoprotection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1455. [PMID: 34371656 PMCID: PMC8309337 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Leaves have evolved to effectively harvest light, and, in parallel, to balance photosynthetic CO2 assimilation with water losses. At times, leaves must operate under light limiting conditions while at other instances (temporally distant or even within seconds), the same leaves must modulate light capture to avoid photoinhibition and achieve a uniform internal light gradient. The light-harvesting capacity and the photosynthetic performance of a given leaf are both determined by the organization and the properties of its structural elements, with some of these having evolved as adaptations to stressful environments. In this respect, the present review focuses on the optical roles of particular leaf structural elements (the light capture module) while integrating their involvement in other important functional modules. Superficial leaf tissues (epidermis including cuticle) and structures (epidermal appendages such as trichomes) play a crucial role against light interception. The epidermis, together with the cuticle, behaves as a reflector, as a selective UV filter and, in some cases, each epidermal cell acts as a lens focusing light to the interior. Non glandular trichomes reflect a considerable part of the solar radiation and absorb mainly in the UV spectral band. Mesophyll photosynthetic tissues and biominerals are involved in the efficient propagation of light within the mesophyll. Bundle sheath extensions and sclereids transfer light to internal layers of the mesophyll, particularly important in thick and compact leaves or in leaves with a flutter habit. All of the aforementioned structural elements have been typically optimized during evolution for multiple functions, thus offering adaptive advantages in challenging environments. Hence, each particular leaf design incorporates suitable optical traits advantageously and cost-effectively with the other fundamental functions of the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Karabourniotis
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Morphology, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Georgios Liakopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Morphology, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Panagiota Bresta
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimosthenis Nikolopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Morphology, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (D.N.)
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Nunes-Nesi A, Nascimento VDL, de Oliveira Silva FM, Zsögön A, Araújo WL, Sulpice R. Natural genetic variation for morphological and molecular determinants of plant growth and yield. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2989-3001. [PMID: 27012286 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The rates of increase in yield of the main commercial crops have been steadily falling in many areas worldwide. This generates concerns because there is a growing demand for plant biomass due to the increasing population. Plant yield should thus be improved in the context of climate change and decreasing natural resources. It is a major challenge which could be tackled by improving and/or altering light-use efficiency, CO2 uptake and fixation, primary metabolism, plant architecture and leaf morphology, and developmental plant processes. In this review, we discuss some of the traits which could lead to yield increase, with a focus on how natural genetic variation could be harnessed. Moreover, we provide insights for advancing our understanding of the molecular aspects governing plant growth and yield, and propose future avenues for improvement of crop yield. We also suggest that knowledge accumulated over the last decade in the field of molecular physiology should be integrated into new ideotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vitor de Laia Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Franklin Magnum de Oliveira Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Plant Systems Biology Lab, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, Galway, Ireland
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Zsögön A, Negrini ACA, Peres LEP, Nguyen HT, Ball MC. A mutation that eliminates bundle sheath extensions reduces leaf hydraulic conductance, stomatal conductance and assimilation rates in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:618-26. [PMID: 25267094 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bundle sheath extensions (BSEs) are key features of leaf structure whose distribution differs among species and ecosystems. The genetic control of BSE development is unknown, so BSE physiological function has not yet been studied through mutant analysis. We screened a population of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutants in the genetic background of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) model Micro-Tom and found a mutant lacking BSEs. The leaf phenotype of the mutant strongly resembled the tomato mutant obscuravenosa (obv). We confirmed that obv lacks BSEs and that it is not allelic to our induced mutant, which we named obv-2. Leaves lacking BSEs had lower leaf hydraulic conductance and operated with lower stomatal conductance and correspondingly lower assimilation rates than wild-type leaves. This lower level of function occurred despite similarities in vein density, midvein vessel diameter and number, stomatal density, and leaf area between wild-type and mutant leaves, the implication being that the lack of BSEs hindered water dispersal within mutant leaves. Our results comparing near-isogenic lines within a single species confirm the hypothesised role of BSEs in leaf hydraulic function. They further pave the way for a genetic model-based analysis of a common leaf structure with deep ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Sack L, Scoffoni C. Leaf venation: structure, function, development, evolution, ecology and applications in the past, present and future. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 198:983-1000. [PMID: 23600478 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The design and function of leaf venation are important to plant performance, with key implications for the distribution and productivity of ecosystems, and applications in paleobiology, agriculture and technology. We synthesize classical concepts and the recent literature on a wide range of aspects of leaf venation. We describe 10 major structural features that contribute to multiple key functions, and scale up to leaf and plant performance. We describe the development and plasticity of leaf venation and its adaptation across environments globally, and a new global data compilation indicating trends relating vein length per unit area to climate, growth form and habitat worldwide. We synthesize the evolution of vein traits in the major plant lineages throughout paleohistory, highlighting the multiple origins of individual traits. We summarize the strikingly diverse current applications of leaf vein research in multiple fields of science and industry. A unified core understanding will enable an increasing range of plant biologists to incorporate leaf venation into their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Perrone I, Gambino G, Chitarra W, Vitali M, Pagliarani C, Riccomagno N, Balestrini R, Kaldenhoff R, Uehlein N, Gribaudo I, Schubert A, Lovisolo C. The grapevine root-specific aquaporin VvPIP2;4N controls root hydraulic conductance and leaf gas exchange under well-watered conditions but not under water stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:965-77. [PMID: 22923680 PMCID: PMC3461569 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.203455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We functionally characterized the grape (Vitis vinifera) VvPIP2;4N (for Plasma membrane Intrinsic Protein) aquaporin gene. Expression of VvPIP2;4N in Xenopus laevis oocytes increased their swelling rate 54-fold. Northern blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that VvPIP2;4N is the most expressed PIP2 gene in root. In situ hybridization confirmed root localization in the cortical parenchyma and close to the endodermis. We then constitutively overexpressed VvPIP2;4N in grape 'Brachetto', and in the resulting transgenic plants we analyzed (1) the expression of endogenous and transgenic VvPIP2;4N and of four other aquaporins, (2) whole-plant, root, and leaf ecophysiological parameters, and (3) leaf abscisic acid content. Expression of transgenic VvPIP2;4N inhibited neither the expression of the endogenous gene nor that of other PIP aquaporins in both root and leaf. Under well-watered conditions, transgenic plants showed higher stomatal conductance, gas exchange, and shoot growth. The expression level of VvPIP2;4N (endogenous + transgene) was inversely correlated to root hydraulic resistance. The leaf component of total plant hydraulic resistance was low and unaffected by overexpression of VvPIP2;4N. Upon water stress, the overexpression of VvPIP2;4N induced a surge in leaf abscisic acid content and a decrease in stomatal conductance and leaf gas exchange. Our results show that aquaporin-mediated modifications of root hydraulics play a substantial role in the regulation of water flow in well-watered grapevine plants, while they have a minor role upon drought, probably because other signals, such as abscisic acid, take over the control of water flow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Walter Chitarra
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Marco Vitali
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Chiara Pagliarani
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Nadia Riccomagno
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Ralf Kaldenhoff
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Norbert Uehlein
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Ivana Gribaudo
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Andrea Schubert
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Claudio Lovisolo
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
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8
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Buckley TN, Sack L, Gilbert ME. The role of bundle sheath extensions and life form in stomatal responses to leaf water status. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:962-73. [PMID: 21459977 PMCID: PMC3177290 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.175638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Bundle sheath extensions (BSEs) are key features of leaf structure with currently little-understood functions. To test the hypothesis that BSEs reduce the hydraulic resistance from the bundle sheath to the epidermis (r(be)) and thereby accelerate hydropassive stomatal movements, we compared stomatal responses with reduced humidity and leaf excision among 20 species with heterobaric or homobaric leaves and herbaceous or woody life forms. We hypothesized that low r(be) due to the presence of BSEs would increase the rate of stomatal opening (V) during transient wrong-way responses, but more so during wrong-way responses to excision (V(e)) than humidity (V(h)), thus increasing the ratio of V(e) to V(h). We predicted the same trends for herbaceous relative to woody species given greater hydraulic resistance in woody species. We found that V(e), V(h), and their ratio were 2.3 to 4.4 times greater in heterobaric than homobaric leaves and 2.0 to 3.1 times greater in herbaceous than woody species. To assess possible causes for these differences, we simulated these experiments in a dynamic compartment/resistance model, which predicted larger V(e) and V(e)/V(h) in leaves with smaller r(be). These results support the hypothesis that BSEs reduce r(be). Comparison of our data and simulations suggested that r(be) is approximately 4 to 16 times larger in homobaric than heterobaric leaves. Our study provides new evidence that variations in the distribution of hydraulic resistance within the leaf and plant are central to understanding dynamic stomatal responses to water status and their ecological correlates and that BSEs play several key roles in the functional ecology of heterobaric leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA.
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