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Levin DA, Soltis DE. Factors promoting polyploid persistence and diversification and limiting diploid speciation during the K-Pg interlude. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 42:1-7. [PMID: 29107221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The large wave of polyploidization following the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction has been explained by enhanced polyploid persistence arising from adaptive properties of the polyploids themselves, as well as an increase in unreduced gamete production and diploid hybridization. We propose that the demise of diploids afforded opportunities for polyploid establishment and expansion into novel habitats. Augmented polyploid gene pools from diploid and polyploid relatives, in association with their multiple and independent origins (of both autopolyploids and allopolyploids), facilitated their subsequent diversification. Their ability to recruit genetic variation from their diploid relatives or from products of recurrent origins sharing their genome(s) ostensibly contributed to polyploid persistence. Concomitantly, we propose that the number of congeneric diploid species dramatically contracted disproportionally to polyploids during the K-Pg interval (i.e. a diploid trough), resulting in a reduction in the rate of diploid speciation. Accordingly, the preponderance of neopolyploids was likely autopolyploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Levin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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Kovalsky IE, Roggero Luque JM, Elías G, Fernández SA, Solís Neffa VG. The role of triploids in the origin and evolution of polyploids of Turnera sidoides complex (Passifloraceae, Turneroideae). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2018; 131:77-89. [PMID: 28831641 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Triploids can play an important role in polyploid evolution. However, their frequent sterility is an obstacle for the origin and establishment of neotetraploids. Here we analyzed the microsporogenesis of triploids (x = 7) and the crossability among cytotypes of Turnera sidoides, aiming to test the impact of triploids on the origin and demographic establishment of tetraploids in natural populations. Triploids of T. sidoides exhibit irregular meiotic behavior. The high frequency of monovalents and of trivalents with non-convergent orientations results in unbalanced and/or non-viable male gametes. In spite of abnormalities in chromosome pairing and unbalanced chromosome segregation, triploids are not completely sterile and yielded up to 67% of viable pollen. Triploids that originated by the fusion of 2n × n gametes of the same taxon showed more regular meiotic behavior and higher fertility than triploids from the contact zone of diploids and tetraploids or triploids of hybrid origin. The reproductive isolation of T. sidoides cytotypes of different ploidy level is not strict and the 'triploid block' may be overcome occasionally. Triploids of T. sidoides produce diploid and triploid progeny suggesting that new generations of polyploids could originate from crosses between triploids or from backcrosses with diploids. The capability of T. sidoides to multiply asexually by rhizomes, would enhance the likelihood that a low frequency of neopolyploids can be originated and maintained in natural populations of T. sidoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Evelin Kovalsky
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), CC 209, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Juan M Roggero Luque
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), CC 209, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Elías
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Chilecito, Ruta Los Peregrinos s/n, F5360CKB, Chilecito, Argentina
| | - Silvia A Fernández
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), CC 209, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Viviana G Solís Neffa
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), CC 209, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina.
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Balao F, Tannhäuser M, Lorenzo MT, Hedrén M, Paun O. Genetic differentiation and admixture between sibling allopolyploids in the Dactylorhiza majalis complex. Heredity (Edinb) 2016; 116:351-61. [PMID: 26604189 PMCID: PMC4787024 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allopolyploidization often happens recurrently, but the evolutionary significance of its iterative nature is not yet fully understood. Of particular interest are the gene flow dynamics and the mechanisms that allow young sibling polyploids to remain distinct while sharing the same ploidy, heritage and overlapping distribution areas. By using eight highly variable nuclear microsatellites, newly reported here, we investigate the patterns of divergence and gene flow between 386 polyploid and 42 diploid individuals, representing the sibling allopolyploids Dactylorhiza majalis s.s. and D. traunsteineri s.l. and their parents at localities across Europe. We make use in our inference of the distinct distribution ranges of the polyploids, including areas in which they are sympatric (that is, the Alps) or allopatric (for example, Pyrenees with D. majalis only and Britain with D. traunsteineri only). Our results show a phylogeographic signal, but no clear genetic differentiation between the allopolyploids, despite the visible phenotypic divergence between them. The results indicate that gene flow between sibling Dactylorhiza allopolyploids is frequent in sympatry, with potential implications for the genetic patterns across their entire distribution range. Limited interploidal introgression is also evidenced, in particular between D. incarnata and D. traunsteineri. Altogether the allopolyploid genomes appear to be porous for introgression from related diploids and polyploids. We conclude that the observed phenotypic divergence between D. majalis and D. traunsteineri is maintained by strong divergent selection on specific genomic areas with strong penetrance, but which are short enough to remain undetected by genotyping dispersed neutral markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Balao
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Tannhäuser
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M T Lorenzo
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Hedrén
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - O Paun
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Prančl J, Kaplan Z, Trávníček P, Jarolímová V. Genome size as a key to evolutionary complex aquatic plants: polyploidy and hybridization in Callitriche (Plantaginaceae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e105997. [PMID: 25211149 PMCID: PMC4161354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their complex evolutionary histories, aquatic plants are highly underrepresented in contemporary biosystematic studies. Of them, the genus Callitriche is particularly interesting because of such evolutionary features as wide variation in chromosome numbers and pollination systems. However, taxonomic difficulties have prevented broader investigation of this genus. In this study we applied flow cytometry to Callitriche for the first time in order to gain an insight into evolutionary processes and genome size differentiation in the genus. Flow cytometry complemented by confirmation of chromosome counts was applied to an extensive dataset of 1077 Callitriche individuals from 495 localities in 11 European countries and the USA. Genome size was determined for 12 taxa. The results suggest that many important processes have interacted in the evolution of the genus, including polyploidization and hybridization. Incongruence between genome size and ploidy level, intraspecific variation in genome size, formation of autotriploid and hybridization between species with different pollination systems were also detected. Hybridization takes place particularly in the diploid-tetraploid complex C. cophocarpa-C. platycarpa, for which the triploid hybrids were frequently recorded in the area of co-occurrence of its parents. A hitherto unknown hybrid (probably C. hamulata × C. cophocarpa) with a unique chromosome number was discovered in the Czech Republic. However, hybridization occurs very rarely among most of the studied species. The main ecological preferences were also compared among the taxa collected. Although Callitriche taxa often grow in mixed populations, the ecological preferences of individual species are distinctly different in some cases. Anyway, flow cytometry is a very efficient method for taxonomic delimitation, determination and investigation of Callitriche species, and is even able to distinguish homoploid taxa and identify introduced species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prančl
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kaplan
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Trávníček
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Jarolímová
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic
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Dufresne F, Stift M, Vergilino R, Mable BK. Recent progress and challenges in population genetics of polyploid organisms: an overview of current state-of-the-art molecular and statistical tools. Mol Ecol 2013; 23:40-69. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- France Dufresne
- Département de Biologie; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Québec QC Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Marc Stift
- Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz D 78457 Germany
| | - Roland Vergilino
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Barbara K. Mable
- Institute of Biodiversity; Animal Health and Comparative Medicine; College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
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Severns PM, Bradford E, Liston A. Whole genome duplication in a threatened grassland plant and the efficacy of seed transfer zones. DIVERS DISTRIB 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Bradford
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology; Oregon State University; Corvallis; OR; USA
| | - Aaron Liston
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology; Oregon State University; Corvallis; OR; USA
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Akman M, Bhikharie AV, McLean EH, Boonman A, Visser EJW, Schranz ME, van Tienderen PH. Wait or escape? Contrasting submergence tolerance strategies of Rorippa amphibia, Rorippa sylvestris and their hybrid. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 109:1263-76. [PMID: 22499857 PMCID: PMC3359918 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Differential responses of closely related species to submergence can provide insight into the evolution and mechanisms of submergence tolerance. Several traits of two wetland species from habitats with contrasting flooding regimes, Rorippa amphibia and Rorippa sylvestris, as well as F(1) hybrid Rorippa × anceps were analysed to unravel mechanisms underlying submergence tolerance. METHODS In the first submergence experiment (lasting 20 d) we analysed biomass, stem elongation and carbohydrate content. In the second submergence experiment (lasting 3 months) we analysed survival and the effect of re-establishment of air contact on biomass and carbohydrate content. In a separate experiment we analysed expression of two carbohydrate catabolism genes, ADH1 and SUS1, upon re-establishment of air contact following submergence. KEY RESULTS All plants had low mortality even after 3 months of submergence. Rorippa sylvestris was characterized by 100 % survival and higher carbohydrate levels coupled with lower ADH1 gene expression as well as reduced growth compared with R. amphibia. Rorippa amphibia and the hybrid elongated their stems but this did not pay-off in higher survival when plants remained submerged. Only R. amphibia and the hybrid benefited in terms of increased biomass and carbohydrate accumulation upon re-establishing air contact. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate contrasting 'escape' and 'quiescence' strategies between Rorippa species. Being a close relative of arabidopsis, Rorippa is an excellent model for future studies on the molecular mechanism(s) controlling these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Akman
- Experimental Plant Systematics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Jørgensen MH, Ehrich D, Schmickl R, Koch MA, Brysting AK. Interspecific and interploidal gene flow in Central European Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae). BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:346. [PMID: 22126410 PMCID: PMC3247304 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of polyploidisation on gene flow between natural populations are little known. Central European diploid and tetraploid populations of Arabidopsis arenosa and A. lyrata are here used to study interspecific and interploidal gene flow, using a combination of nuclear and plastid markers. RESULTS Ploidal levels were confirmed by flow cytometry. Network analyses clearly separated diploids according to species. Tetraploids and diploids were highly intermingled within species, and some tetraploids intermingled with the other species, as well. Isolation with migration analyses suggested interspecific introgression from tetraploid A. arenosa to tetraploid A. lyrata and vice versa, and some interploidal gene flow, which was unidirectional from diploid to tetraploid in A. arenosa and bidirectional in A. lyrata. CONCLUSIONS Interspecific genetic isolation at diploid level combined with introgression at tetraploid level indicates that polyploidy may buffer against negative consequences of interspecific hybridisation. The role of introgression in polyploid systems may, however, differ between plant species, and even within the small genus Arabidopsis, we find very different evolutionary fates when it comes to introgression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte H Jørgensen
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dorothee Ehrich
- Institute for Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Roswitha Schmickl
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus A Koch
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne K Brysting
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
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