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Zhang SY, Wang HT, Hu YF, Zhang W, Hu S, Shao JW. Lycorisinsularis (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from eastern China revealed by morphological and molecular evidence. PHYTOKEYS 2022; 206:153-165. [PMID: 36761268 PMCID: PMC9848954 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.206.90720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lycorisinsularis S.Y.Zhang & J.W.Shao, a new fertile diploid species from coastal provinces in eastern China is described. This new species is most similar to L.sprengeri in morphology and has been misidentified as the latter for a long time. However, it can be distinguished from the latter by the relatively longer perianth tube (1.5‒2.5 cm vs. less than 1.3 cm), a characteristic that was overlooked before. Phylogenetic analysis, based on complete plastid genome, showed that L.insularis is not genetically related to L.sprengeri in the genus. The former was a sister group of L.sanguinea, while the latter was closely related to L.longituba and L.chinensis and they were respectively located on different clades that were separated at the base of the phylogenetic tree. The chromosome number of L.insularis is 2n = 22. At present, as the new species is relatively widely distributed and the wild population can normally reproduce by seeds, we evaluate it as LC (Least Concern) according to criteria of the IUCN Red List.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Hao-Tian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Ying-Feng Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui 246052, China
| | - Song Hu
- Chengdu Shanhualangmanshi Gardening Limited Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Jian-Wen Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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Zhang SY, Hu YF, Wang HT, Zhang PC, Shao JW. Over 30 Years of Misidentification: A New Nothospecies Lycoris × jinzheniae (Amaryllidaceae) in Eastern China, Based on Molecular, Morphological, and Karyotypic Evidence. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1730. [PMID: 35807681 PMCID: PMC9269102 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Based on the complete chloroplast genome, morphology, and karyotype evidence, we identified a new nothospecies, Lycoris × jinzheniae S.Y. Zhang, P.C. Zhang & J.W. Shao, in eastern China. This new nothospecies has been inappropriately named Lycoris × albiflora in the previous literature for more than 30 years. However, the new nothospecies resulted from the hybridization of L. sprengeri and L. chinensis and had the following characteristics: the karyotype was 2n = 19 = 3V + 16I, the leaves emerged in the spring, the ratio of filament to corolla length was approximately 1.2, tepals were slightly undulated and curved, and it was distributed throughout eastern China. These characteristics are quite different from those of L. × albiflora; thus, in this study, we named it and provided a detailed morphological description and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (S.-Y.Z.); (Y.-F.H.); (H.-T.W.)
| | - Ying-Feng Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (S.-Y.Z.); (Y.-F.H.); (H.-T.W.)
| | - Hao-Tian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (S.-Y.Z.); (Y.-F.H.); (H.-T.W.)
| | | | - Jian-Wen Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (S.-Y.Z.); (Y.-F.H.); (H.-T.W.)
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation and Employment of Biological Resources of Anhui, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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3
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Böhnert T, Luebert F, Merklinger FF, Harpke D, Stoll A, Schneider JV, Blattner FR, Quandt D, Weigend M. Plant migration under long-lasting hyperaridity - phylogenomics unravels recent biogeographic history in one of the oldest deserts on Earth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1863-1875. [PMID: 35274308 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The post-Miocene climatic histories of arid environments have been identified as key drivers of dispersal and diversification. Here, we investigate how climatic history correlates with the historical biogeography of the Atacama Desert genus Cristaria (Malvaceae). We analyze phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography by using next-generation sequencing (NGS), molecular clock dating, Dispersal Extinction Cladogenesis and Bayesian sampling approaches. We employ a novel way to identify biogeographically meaningful regions as well as a rarely utilized program permitting the use of dozens of ancestral areas. Partial incongruence between the established taxonomy and our phylogenetic data argue for a complex historical biogeography with repeated introgression and incomplete lineage sorting. Cristaria originated in the central southern part of the Atacama Desert, from there the genus colonized other areas from the late Miocene onwards. The more recently diverged lineages appear to have colonized different habitats in the Atacama Desert during pluvial phases of the Pliocene and early Pleistocene. We show that NGS combined with near-comprehensive sampling can provide an unprecedented degree of phylogenetic resolution and help to correlate the historical biogeography of plant communities with cycles of arid and pluvial phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Böhnert
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Federico Luebert
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas and Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, 8820000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felix F Merklinger
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Sukkulenten-Sammlung Zürich/Grün Stadt Zürich, 8002, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dörte Harpke
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Alexandra Stoll
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas Ceaza, 1720256, La Serena, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de la Serena, 1720170, La Serena, Chile
| | - Julio V Schneider
- Botany and Molecular Evolution and Entomology III, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt, 60325, Germany
| | - Frank R Blattner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Dietmar Quandt
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Maximilian Weigend
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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Guzmán-Díaz S, Núñez FAA, Veltjen E, Asselman P, Larridon I, Samain MS. Comparison of Magnoliaceae Plastomes: Adding Neotropical Magnolia to the Discussion. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030448. [PMID: 35161429 PMCID: PMC8838774 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast genomes are considered to be highly conserved. Nevertheless, differences in their sequences are an important source of phylogenetically informative data. Chloroplast genomes are increasingly applied in evolutionary studies of angiosperms, including Magnoliaceae. Recent studies have focused on resolving the previously debated classification of the family using a phylogenomic approach and chloroplast genome data. However, most Neotropical clades and recently described species have not yet been included in molecular studies. We performed sequencing, assembly, and annotation of 15 chloroplast genomes from Neotropical Magnoliaceae species. We compared the newly assembled chloroplast genomes with 22 chloroplast genomes from across the family, including representatives from each genus and section. Family-wide, the chloroplast genomes presented a length of about 160 kb. The gene content in all species was constant, with 145 genes. The intergenic regions showed a higher level of nucleotide diversity than the coding regions. Differences were higher among genera than within genera. The phylogenetic analysis in Magnolia showed two main clades and corroborated that the current infrageneric classification does not represent natural groups. Although chloroplast genomes are highly conserved in Magnoliaceae, the high level of diversity of the intergenic regions still resulted in an important source of phylogenetically informative data, even for closely related taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Guzmán-Díaz
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Pátzcuaro 61600, Mexico; (F.A.A.N.); (M.-S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabián Augusto Aldaba Núñez
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Pátzcuaro 61600, Mexico; (F.A.A.N.); (M.-S.S.)
| | - Emily Veltjen
- Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Lab, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (E.V.); (P.A.); (I.L.)
- Ghent University Botanical Garden, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Asselman
- Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Lab, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (E.V.); (P.A.); (I.L.)
| | - Isabel Larridon
- Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Lab, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (E.V.); (P.A.); (I.L.)
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Marie-Stéphanie Samain
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Pátzcuaro 61600, Mexico; (F.A.A.N.); (M.-S.S.)
- Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Lab, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (E.V.); (P.A.); (I.L.)
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Villalobos-Barrantes HM, Meriño BM, Walter HE, Guerrero PC. Independent Evolutionary Lineages in a Globular Cactus Species Complex Reveals Hidden Diversity in a Central Chile Biodiversity Hotspot. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020240. [PMID: 35205285 PMCID: PMC8872226 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the processes involved in the origin of a substantial fraction of biodiversity can be a particularly difficult task in groups of similar, and often convergent, morphologies. The genus Eriosyce (Cactaceae) might present a greater specific diversity since much of its species richness might be hidden in morphological species complexes. The aim of this study was to investigate species delimitation using the molecular data of the globose cacti “E. curvispina”, which harbor several populations of unclear evolutionary relationships. We ran phylogenetic inferences on 87 taxa of Eriosyce, including nine E. curvispina populations, and by analyzing three plastid noncoding introns, one plastid and one nuclear gene. Additionally, we developed 12 new pairs of nuclear microsatellites to evaluate the population-level genetic structure. We identified four groups that originated in independent cladogenetic events occurring at different temporal depths; these groups presented high genetic diversity, and their populations were genetically structured. These results suggest a complex evolutionary history in the origin of globular cacti, with independent speciation events occurring at different time spans. This cryptic richness is underestimated in the Mediterranean flora of central Chile, and thus unique evolutionary diversity could be overlooked in conservation and management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidy M. Villalobos-Barrantes
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (H.M.V.-B.); (B.M.M.)
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Beatriz M. Meriño
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (H.M.V.-B.); (B.M.M.)
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Helmut E. Walter
- The EXSIS Project: Cactaceae Ex-Situ & In-Situ Conservation, 31860 Emmerthal, Germany;
| | - Pablo C. Guerrero
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (H.M.V.-B.); (B.M.M.)
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Correspondence:
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van Kleinwee I, Larridon I, Shah T, Bauters K, Asselman P, Goetghebeur P, Leliaert F, Veltjen E. Plastid phylogenomics of the Sansevieria Clade of Dracaena (Asparagaceae) resolves a recent radiation. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 169:107404. [PMID: 35031466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Best known as low maintenance houseplants, sansevierias are a diverse group of flowering plants native to Africa, Madagascar, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Indian subcontinent. Traditionally recognised as a distinct genus, Sansevieria was recently merged with the larger genus Dracaena based on molecular phylogenetic data. Within the Sansevieria Clade of Dracaena, taxonomic uncertainties remain despite attempts to unravel the relationships between the species. To investigate the evolutionary relationships, morphological evolution and biogeographical history in the group, we aim to reconstruct a robust dated phylogenetic hypothesis. Using genome skimming, a chloroplast genome (cpDNA) dataset and a nuclear ribosomal (nrDNA) dataset were generated. The sampling included representatives of all sections and informal groups previously described in Sansevieria based on morphology. Analysis of the cpDNA dataset using a maximum likelihood approach resulted in a well-supported phylogeny. The time-calibrated phylogeny indicated a recent radiation with five main clades emerging in the Pliocene. Two strongly supported clades align with previously defined groups, i.e., Sansevieria section Dracomima, characterised by the Dracomima-type inflorescence, and the Zeylanica informal group, native to the Indian subcontinent. Other previously defined groups were shown to be polyphyletic; a result of convergent evolution of the identifying characters. Switches between flat and cylindrical leaves occurred multiple times in the evolution of the Sansevieria Clade. Similarly, the Cephalantha-type inflorescence has originated multiple times from an ancestor with a Sansevieria-type inflorescence. Analysis of the nrDNA dataset resulted in a phylogenetic hypothesis with low resolution, yet it supported the same two groups confirmed by the cpDNA dataset. This study furthers our understanding of the evolution of the Sansevieria Clade, which will benefit taxonomic and applied research, and aid conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris van Kleinwee
- Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Lab, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Isabel Larridon
- Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Lab, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Toral Shah
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, Silwood Park Campus, Berks SL5 7PY, UK
| | | | - Pieter Asselman
- Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Lab, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Paul Goetghebeur
- Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Lab, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Ghent University Botanical Garden, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Emily Veltjen
- Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Lab, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Ghent University Botanical Garden, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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The evolutionary history of the Caribbean magnolias (Magnoliaceae): Testing species delimitations and biogeographical hypotheses using molecular data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 167:107359. [PMID: 34793981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Caribbean islands provide an ideal setting for studying biodiversity, given their complex geological and environmental history, and their historical and current geographical proximity to the American mainland. Magnolia, a flagship tree genus that has 15 endemic and threatened taxa (12 species and 3 subspecies) on the Caribbean islands, offers an excellent case study to empirically test Caribbean biogeographical hypotheses. We constructed phylogenetic hypotheses to: (1) reveal their evolutionary history, (2) test the current largely morphology-based classification and assess species limits, and (3) investigate major biogeographic hypotheses proposed for the region. Nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data of all 15 Caribbean Magnolia taxa are included, supplemented by a selection of American mainland species, and species representing most major clades of the Magnoliaceae family. We constructed phylogenetic hypotheses in a time-calibrated Bayesian framework, supplemented with haplotype network analyses and ancestral range estimations. Genetic synapomorphies in the studied markers confirm the species limits of 14 out of 15 morphologically recognizable Caribbean Magnolia taxa. There is evidence for four colonization events of Magnolia into the Caribbean from the American mainland, which most likely occurred by overwater dispersal, given age estimates of maximum 16 mya for their presence on the Caribbean islands.
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Disentangling Species Delineation and Guiding Conservation of Endangered Magnolias in Veracruz, Mexico. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040673. [PMID: 33807445 PMCID: PMC8065477 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The Mexican state of Veracruz has suffered very high deforestation rates in the last few decades, and despite the establishment of protected areas and conservation projects, primary forest is now mainly persisting in mostly small, scattered, fragmented remnants. New species of Magnolia section Talauma in this state have been described with little to no reference to the already existing ones, potentially resulting in over-splitting, obscuring their taxonomic delineation and conservation status, and consequently conservation programs. To study the conservation units and their genetic diversity, we here employ 15 microsatellite markers on a highly representative sampling of 254 individuals of what are presumed to be five Magnolia species. The results support at least three species and maximum five main conservation units. We propose downgrading the latter to four, given morphological, ecological, demographical, and geographical considerations. Two out of the three sympatrically occurring species in the rainforest in the Los Tuxtlas volcanic area have weak genetic evidence to be considered separate species. Similarly, the individuals in the Sierra de Zongolica in central Veracruz, who bear a very high morphological and genetic similarity to Magnolia mexicana, have weak genetic evidence to be recognised as a separate species. Nonetheless, the individuals could be identified as Magnolia decastroi based on morphology, and further research including the full range of this species is recommended.
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Merklinger FF, Böhnert T, Arakaki M, Weigend M, Quandt D, Luebert F. Quaternary diversification of a columnar cactus in the driest place on earth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:184-199. [PMID: 33580531 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The cactus family (Cactaceae) is a speciose lineage with an almost entirely New World distribution. The genus Eulychnia with eight currently recognized species is endemic to the Atacama and Peruvian Deserts. Here we investigated the phylogeny of this group based on a complete taxon sampling to elucidate species delimitation and biogeographic history of the genus. METHODS A family-wide Bayesian molecular clock dating based on plastid sequence data was conducted to estimate the age of Eulychnia and its divergence from its sister genus Austrocactus. A second data set obtained from genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was analyzed, using the family-wide age estimate as a secondary calibration to date the GBS phylogeny using a penalized likelihood approach. Ancestral ranges were inferred employing the dispersal extinction cladogenesis approach. RESULTS Our GBS phylogeny of Eulychnia was fully resolved with high support values nearly throughout the phylogeny. The split from Austrocactus occurred in the late Miocene, and Eulychnia diversified during the early Quaternary. Three lineages were retrieved: Eulychnia ritteri from Peru is sister to all Chilean species, which in turn fall into two sister clades of three and four species, respectively. Diversification in the Chilean clades started in the early Pleistocene. Eulychnia likely originated at the coastal range of its distribution and colonized inland locations several times. CONCLUSIONS Diversification of Eulychnia during the Pleistocene coincides with long periods of hyperaridity alternated with pluvial phases. Hyperaridity caused habitat fragmentation, ultimately leading to speciation and resulting in the current allopatric distribution of taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix F Merklinger
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Germany
- Sukkulenten-Sammlung Zürich / Grün Stadt Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Böhnert
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Mónica Arakaki
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Dietmar Quandt
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Federico Luebert
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Germany
- Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Guerrero PC, Majure LC, Cornejo-Romero A, Hernández-Hernández T. Phylogenetic Relationships and Evolutionary Trends in the Cactus Family. J Hered 2020; 110:4-21. [PMID: 30476167 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the cactus family are keystone species of arid and semiarid biomes in the Americas, as they provide shelter and resources to support other members of ecosystems. Extraordinary examples are the several species of flies of the genus Drosophila that lay eggs and feed in their rotting stems, which provide a model system for studying evolutionary processes. Although there is significant progress in understanding the evolution of Drosophila species, there are gaps in our knowledge about the cactus lineages hosting them. Here, we review the current knowledge about the evolution of Cactaceae, focusing on phylogenetic relationships and trends revealed by the study of DNA sequence data. During the last several decades, the availability of molecular phylogenies has considerably increased our understanding of the relationships, biogeography, and evolution of traits in the family. Remarkably, although succulent cacti have very low growth rates and long generation times, they underwent some of the fastest diversifications observed in the plant kingdom, possibly fostered by strong ecological interactions. We have a better understanding of the reproductive biology, population structure and speciation mechanisms in different clades. The recent publication of complete genomes for some species has revealed the importance of phenomena such as incomplete lineage sorting. Hybridization and polyploidization are common in the family, and have been studied using a variety of phylogenetic methods. We discuss potential future avenues for research in Cactaceae, emphasizing the need of a concerted effort among scientists in the Americas, together with the analyses of data from novel sequencing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo C Guerrero
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Concepción, Chile, Concepción, Chile
| | - Lucas C Majure
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ.,Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Amelia Cornejo-Romero
- Departamento de Botánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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11
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Veltjen E, Asselman P, Hernández Rodríguez M, Palmarola Bejerano A, Testé Lozano E, González Torres LR, Goetghebeur P, Larridon I, Samain MS. Genetic patterns in Neotropical Magnolias (Magnoliaceae) using de novo developed microsatellite markers. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 122:485-500. [PMID: 30368529 PMCID: PMC6460770 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conserving tree populations safeguards forests since they represent key elements of the ecosystem. The genetic characteristics underlying the evolutionary success of the tree growth form: high genetic diversity, extensive gene flow and strong species integrity, contribute to their survival in terms of adaptability. However, different biological and landscape contexts challenge these characteristics. This study employs 63 de novo developed microsatellite or SSR (Single Sequence Repeat) markers in different datasets of nine Neotropical Magnolia species. The genetic patterns of these protogynous, insect-pollinated tree species occurring in fragmented, highly-disturbed landscapes were investigated. Datasets containing a total of 340 individuals were tested for their genetic structure and degree of inbreeding. Analyses for genetic structure depicted structuring between species, i.e. strong species integrity. Within the species, all but one population pair were considered moderate to highly differentiated, i.e. no indication of extensive gene flow between populations. No overall correlation was observed between genetic and geographic distance of the pairwise species’ populations. In contrast to the pronounced genetic structure, there was no evidence of inbreeding within the populations, suggesting mechanisms favouring cross pollination and/or selection for more genetically diverse, heterozygous offspring. In conclusion, the data illustrate that the Neotropical Magnolias in the context of a fragmented landscape still have ample gene flow within populations, yet little gene flow between populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Veltjen
- Research Group Spermatophytes, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Gent, 9000, Belgium.
| | - Pieter Asselman
- Research Group Spermatophytes, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Gent, 9000, Belgium.,Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, Meise, 1860, Belgium
| | - Majela Hernández Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, C/ 25 e/ I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Alejandro Palmarola Bejerano
- Grupo de Ecología y Conservación, Jardín Botánico Nacional, Universidad de La Habana, Carretera "El Rocio" km 3 ½, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ernesto Testé Lozano
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, C/ 25 e/ I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | | | - Paul Goetghebeur
- Research Group Spermatophytes, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Isabel Larridon
- Research Group Spermatophytes, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Gent, 9000, Belgium.,Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Marie-Stéphanie Samain
- Research Group Spermatophytes, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Gent, 9000, Belgium.,Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas 253, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, 61600, Mexico
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Larridon I, Walter HE, Rosas M, Vandomme V, Guerrero PC. Evolutionary trends in the columnar cactus genus Eulychnia (Cactaceae) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, distribution, and habitat. SYST BIODIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2018.1473898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Larridon
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- Department of Biology, Research Group Spermatophytes, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Helmut E. Walter
- The EXSIS Project: Cactaceae Ex-Situ & In-Situ Conservation, 31860, Emmerthal, Germany
| | - Marcelo Rosas
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales & Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Viki Vandomme
- Department of Biology, Research Group Spermatophytes, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Pablo C. Guerrero
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales & Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160C, Concepción, Chile
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13
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Sánchez D, Terrazas T, Grego-Valencia D, Arias S. Phylogeny in Echinocereus (Cactaceae) based on combined morphological and molecular evidence: taxonomic implications. SYST BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2017.1343260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sánchez
- CONACYT - Laboratorio Nacional de Identificación y Caracterización Vegetal, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Teresa Terrazas
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Dalia Grego-Valencia
- Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - Salvador Arias
- Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
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14
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Gruenstaeudl M. WARACS: Wrappers to Automate the Reconstruction of Ancestral Character States. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2016; 4:apps.1500120. [PMID: 26949580 PMCID: PMC4760752 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1500120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Reconstructions of ancestral character states are among the most widely used analyses for evaluating the morphological, cytological, or ecological evolution of an organismic lineage. The software application Mesquite remains the most popular application for such reconstructions among plant scientists, even though its support for automating complex analyses is limited. A software tool is needed that automates the reconstruction and visualization of ancestral character states with Mesquite and similar applications. METHODS AND RESULTS A set of command line-based Python scripts was developed that (a) communicates standardized input to and output from the software applications Mesquite, BayesTraits, and TreeGraph2; (b) automates the process of ancestral character state reconstruction; and (c) facilitates the visualization of reconstruction results. CONCLUSIONS WARACS provides a simple tool that streamlines the reconstruction and visualization of ancestral character states over a wide array of parameters, including tree distribution, character state, and optimality criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gruenstaeudl
- Institut für Biologie-Botanik, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Romeiro-Brito M, Moraes EM, Taylor NP, Zappi DC, Franco FF. Lineage-specific evolutionary rate in plants: Contributions of a screening for Cereus (Cactaceae). APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2016; 4:apps1500074. [PMID: 26819857 PMCID: PMC4716776 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1500074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Predictable chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences have been listed for the shallowest taxonomic studies in plants. We investigated whether plastid regions that vary between closely allied species could be applied for intraspecific studies and compared the variation of these plastid segments with two nuclear regions. METHODS We screened 16 plastid and two nuclear intronic regions for species of the genus Cereus (Cactaceae) at three hierarchical levels (species from different clades, species of the same clade, and allopatric populations). RESULTS Ten plastid regions presented interspecific variation, and six of them showed variation at the intraspecific level. The two nuclear regions showed both inter- and intraspecific variation, and in general they showed higher levels of variability in almost all hierarchical levels than the plastid segments. DISCUSSION Our data suggest no correspondence between variation of plastid regions at the interspecific and intraspecific level, probably due to lineage-specific variation in cpDNA, which appears to have less effect in nuclear data. Despite the heterogeneity in evolutionary rates of cpDNA, we highlight three plastid segments that may be considered in initial screenings in plant phylogeographic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Romeiro-Brito
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos Km 110, 18052780 Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandro M. Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos Km 110, 18052780 Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nigel P. Taylor
- National Parks Board, Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Daniela C. Zappi
- Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando F. Franco
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos Km 110, 18052780 Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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