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Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the Endangered Astragalus exscapus subsp. transsilvanicus through DNA-Based Molecular Markers. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122732. [PMID: 34961203 PMCID: PMC8707493 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus exscapus L. subsp. transsilvanicus (Schur) Nyár. (Fabaceae) is a rare plant endemic to the Transylvanian Plateau, represented by 24 identified populations. Limited information on the genetic variation and population structure is available, which obstructs efficient measures for conservation strategy. The present study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of eight populations of A. exscapus subsp. transsilvanicus revealed by sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. A total of 164 bands were amplified, 96.7% of which (159) were polymorphic. Nei’s gene diversity index (He) was estimated to be 0.228 at the population level and 0.272 at the subspecies level. The genetic differentiation among populations (Gst) was 0.165, which indicated a low proportion of total genetic diversity. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 17% of the total variation of A. exscapus subsp. transsilvanicus is found among the populations, while 83% was found within the populations. A UPGMA dendrogram, principal coordinate analysis, and the STRUCTURE software grouped the populations into two clusters uncorrelated with the provenience of the 125 individuals, which might be attributed to fragmentation processes, insect pollination, population size, and specific environmental conditions of the habitats.
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Morris AB, Trostel K, Scalf C, Burleyson A, Call G, Albrecht MA. Genetic variation and structure in natural and reintroduced populations of the endangered legume, Pyne’s ground plum (Astragalus bibullatus). CONSERV GENET 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-021-01346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jones MR, Winkler DE, Massatti R. The demographic and ecological factors shaping diversification among rare
Astragalus
species. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Jones
- Southwest Biological Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Flagstaff AZ USA
| | - Daniel E. Winkler
- Southwest Biological Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Moab UT USA
| | - Rob Massatti
- Southwest Biological Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Flagstaff AZ USA
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Harrison JG, Forister ML, Mcknight SR, Nordin E, Parchman TL. Rarity does not limit genetic variation or preclude subpopulation structure in the geographically restricted desert forb Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinensis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:260-269. [PMID: 30763451 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Characteristics of rare taxa include small population sizes and limited geographical ranges. The genetic consequences of rarity are poorly understood for most taxa. A small geographical range could result in reduced opportunity for isolation by distance or environment, thereby limiting genetic structure and variation, but few studies explore genetic structure at small spatial scales with sufficient resolution to test this hypothesis. Moreover, few comparative genetic studies exist among infrataxa differing in rarity. Here, we compare genetic variation among varieties of Astragalus lentiginosus differing in range size. Additionally, we ask if genetic structure exists in A. lentiginosus var. piscinensis, a rare taxon consisting of several thousand individuals that persist on ~8 km2 of alkaline soil. METHODS We compared genetic variation among 11 varieties of A. lentiginosus differing in range size using a genotyping by sequencing (GBS) approach, which generated 11,475 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We characterized genetic structure among subpopulations of A. lentiginosus var. piscinensis using a second GBS data set of 7274 SNPs and explored associations between genetic structure and environmental variation. KEY RESULTS We found no association between genetic variation and range size among varieties of A. lentiginosus. Additionally, despite the extremely small range of A. lentiginosus var. piscinensis, we report a well-defined genetic structure among subpopulations associated with microhabitat variation in soil composition. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that fine scale genetic structure may exist within other rare Astragalus taxa and that rarity does not preclude the maintenance of genetic diversity in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erin Nordin
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Bishop, CA, USA (presently of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power)
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5
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Genetic diversity in Astragalus argaeus, a critically endangered species from Turkey. Biologia (Bratisl) 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-018-0112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zimmers J, Thomas M, Yang L, Bombarely A, Mancuso M, Wojciechowski M, Smith J. Species boundaries in the Astragalus cusickii complex delimited using molecular phylogenetic techniques. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 114:93-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Moustafa MF, Hesham AEL, Quraishi MS, Alrumman SA. Variations in genetic and chemical constituents of Ziziphus spina-christi L. populations grown at various altitudinal zonation up to 2227 m height. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2016; 14:349-362. [PMID: 30647633 PMCID: PMC6299872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Altitudinal gradient-defined specific environmental conditions could lead to genetics and chemical variations among individuals of the same species. By using RAPD, ISSR, GC-MS and HPLC analysis, the genetic and chemical diversity of Ziziphus spina-christi plants at various altitudinal gradient namely; Abha (2227.86 m), Dala Valley (1424 m), Rakhma Valley (1000 m), Raheb Valley (505 m) and Al-Marbh (147 m) were estimated. RAPD markers revealed that the highest similarity value (40.22%) was between Raheb Valley and Al-Marbh while the lowest similarity (10.08%) was between Abha and Raheb Valley. Based on ISSR markers the highest similarity value (61.54%) was also between Raheb Valley and Al-Marbh, while the lowest similarity (26.84%) was between Abha and Rakhma Valley. GC-MS results showed the presence of various phytochemical constituents in each population. The dendrogram based on chemical compounds separated the Z. spina-christi grown at the highest elevations (Abha) from the populations in lower elevations. HPLC analysis showed that the leaves of Z. spina-christi plant contain considerable amount of vitamins including B1, B12, B2 and folic acid. In conclusion, there is a close relation between altitudinal gradients, genetic diversity and chemical constituents of the leaves of Z. spina-christi plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud F. Moustafa
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Latif Hesham
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Manal S. Quraishi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman A. Alrumman
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Selyutina IY, Konichenko ES, Dorogina OV, Sandanov DV. Genetic diversity of the endangered endemic milkvetch Astragalus sericeocanus Gontsch., Fabaceae from the Lake Baikal region. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the Endemic Disjunct Species, Helenium virginicum (Asteraceae). AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2016. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-175.2.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Peñas J, Barrios S, Bobo-Pinilla J, Lorite J, Martínez-Ortega MM. Designing conservation strategies to preserve the genetic diversity of Astragalus edulis Bunge, an endangered species from western Mediterranean region. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1474. [PMID: 26844014 PMCID: PMC4736990 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus edulis (Fabaceae) is an endangered annual species from the western Mediterranean region that colonized the SE Iberian Peninsula, NE and SW Morocco, and the easternmost Macaronesian islands (Lanzarote and Fuerteventura). Although in Spain some conservation measures have been adopted, it is still necessary to develop an appropriate management plan to preserve genetic diversity across the entire distribution area of the species. Our main objective was to use population genetics as well as ecological and phylogeographic data to select Relevant Genetic Units for Conservation (RGUCs) as the first step in designing conservation plans for A. edulis. We identified six RGUCs for in situ conservation, based on estimations of population genetic structure and probabilities of loss of rare alleles. Additionally, further population parameters, i.e. occupation area, population size, vulnerability, legal status of the population areas, and the historical haplotype distribution, were considered in order to establish which populations deserve conservation priority. Three populations from the Iberian Peninsula, two from Morocco, and one from the Canary Islands represent the total genetic diversity of the species and the rarest allelic variation. Ex situ conservation is recommended to complement the preservation of A. edulis, given that effective in situ population protection is not feasible in all cases. The consideration of complementary phylogeographic and ecological data is useful for management efforts to preserve the evolutionary potential of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Peñas
- Plant Conservation Unit, Department of Botany, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sara Barrios
- Department of Botany, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier Bobo-Pinilla
- Department of Botany, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biobanco de ADN Vegetal, Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, Calle Espejo s/n, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Lorite
- Plant Conservation Unit, Department of Botany, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Montserrat Martínez-Ortega
- Department of Botany, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biobanco de ADN Vegetal, Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, Calle Espejo s/n, Salamanca, Spain
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Dymshakova OS, Krivenko DA, Belyaev AY, Verkhozina AV. Genetic differentiation of the three species of genus Astragalus L. of section Cenantrum Bunge (Fabaceae). RUSS J GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795415080025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Damasceno JO, Ruas EA, Rodrigues LA, Ruas CF, Bianchini E, Pimenta JA, Ruas PM. Genetic differentiation in Aspidosperma polyneuron (Apocynaceae) over a short geographic distance as assessed by AFLP markers. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:1180-7. [PMID: 21732282 DOI: 10.4238/vol10-2gmr1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Studies on intraspecific variation can contribute to the development of conservation strategies by identifying units of conservation for threatened species. Aspidosperma polyneuron is a tropical tree of seasonal semideciduous forests that is currently endangered and protected because it has been heavily logged for lumber, although it was once common in Brazil and neighboring countries. We investigated genetic structure in two samples of A. polyneuron collected from steep hillsides and from flat areas of a natural forest fragment in northern Paraná State, Brazil. Seven AFLP primer combinations yielded 200 markers, with a polymorphic rate of 88.5% for samples from the flat area and 99% for samples from the high declivity area. Total genetic diversity (H(T)) was 0.387, while the genetic diversity within the populations (H(S)) was 0.307 and 0.372, for samples from the flat and the high declivity areas, respectively. Genetic differentiation between samples was high, with a mean F(ST) of 0.265 and a genetic distance of 0.148, indicative of a high degree of genetic structure over a short distance. Principal coordinate analysis separated the samples into three groups of individuals; the first group included individuals from the high declivity area, the second group consisted of individuals only from the flat area, and the third group had individuals from both areas. Bayesian analysis also showed K = 3 clusters. The unexpected high level of intraspecific variation of A. polyneuron in this small forest fragment should be taken into account when evaluating the genetic impact of forest degradation on this species in other semideciduous forest fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Damasceno
- Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
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Vicente MJ, Segura F, Aguado M, Migliaro D, Franco JA, Martínez-Sánchez JJ. Genetic diversity of Astragalus nitidiflorus, a critically endangered endemic of SE Spain, and implications for its conservation. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dev SA, Shenoy M, Borges RM. Genetic and clonal diversity of the endemic ant-plant Humboldtia brunonis (Fabaceae) in the Western Ghats of India. J Biosci 2010; 35:267-79. [PMID: 20689183 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-010-0031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Humboldtia brunonis (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) is a dominant self-incompatible ant-plant or myrmecophyte, growing as an understorey tree in high-density patches. It is endemic to the biodiversity hotspot of the southern Western Ghats of India and, besides ants, harbours many endemic invertebrate taxa, such as bees that pollinate it as well as arboreal earthworms, within swollen hollow stem internodes called domatia. Using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, three geographically separated populations were found to be multiclonal, characterized by high levels of clonal diversity. Values for the Simpson diversity index ranged between 0.764 and 0.964, and for Fager's evenness index between 0.00 and 0.036 for neighbourhoods within populations. This myrmecophyte was found to combine sexual recruitment (66.7%) and clonal production (33.3%) as methods of reproduction. Moderate amounts of genetic diversity at the species level were observed, with 52.63% polymorphism, and moderate values of Shannon's diversity index (0.1895) as well as of Nei's gene diversity (0.1186). In each population, observed genotypic diversity was significantly lower than expected, indicating significant genetic structure. Neighbour-joining trees demonstrated that Agumbe, which is the most northern population examined and geographically twice as far away from the other two populations, grouped separately and with larger bootstrap support from a larger cluster consisting of the Sampaji and Solaikolli populations, which are closer to each other geographically. Some neighbourhoods within each population showed spatial genetic structure even at small spatial scales of less than 5 m. A combination of clonality and short-distance pollen movement by small pollinating bees (Braunsapis puangensis) coupled with primary ballistic seed dispersal, and possible secondary seed dispersal by rodents, may contribute to spatial genetic structure at such small scales. The clonality of H. brunonis may be a factor that contributes to its dominance in Western Ghat forests where it supports a rich diversity of invertebrate fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma A Dev
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Suárez-Montes P, Fornoni J, Núñez-Farfán J. Conservation Genetics of the Endemic Mexican Heliconia uxpanapensis in the Los Tuxtlas Tropical Rain Forest. Biotropica 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Breinholt JW, Van Buren R, Kopp OR, Stephen CL. Population genetic structure of an endangered Utah endemic, Astragalus ampullarioides (Fabaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2009; 96:661-667. [PMID: 21628222 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.0800035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The endangered Shivwits milkvetch, Astragalus ampullarioides, is a perennial, herbaceous plant. This Utah endemic was federally listed as endangered in 2001 because of its high habitat specificity and low numbers of individuals and populations. All habitat currently occupied by A. ampullarioides was designated as critical by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 2006 as a result of conservation litigation. We used AFLP markers to assess genetic differentiation among the seven extant populations and quantified genetic diversity in each. Six different AFLP markers resulted in 217 unambiguous polymorphic loci. We used multiple methods to examine any changes in population genetic structure in this species over time. Results indicate that A. ampullarioides had much higher gene flow among populations in the past, but has since fragmented into regional genetic units. These regions further fragmented genetically, and extant populations have differentiated through genetic drift. Populations had low levels of gene flow, even between geographically close populations. Rapid urban development reduces gene flow among regions and encroaches on populations of A. ampullarioides and remaining patches of unoccupied habitat. The genetic makeup of each of the extant populations should be carefully considered in management decisions such as population establishment or augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W Breinholt
- Utah Valley University, 800 West University Parkway, Orem, Utah 84058 USA
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Obeed RS, Harhash MM, Abdel-Mawgood AL. Fruit properties and genetic diversity of five ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk) cultivars. Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11:888-93. [PMID: 18814651 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.888.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted on five ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk) cultivars (Komethry, Pakstany, Um-sulaem, Toffahy and Peyuan) grown in Saudi Arabia during 2005 and 2006 seasons. The aim of the present study was to investigate fruit properties (fruit weight, length, diameter, shape, specific gravity, seed weight, pulp percentage, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity percentage, TSS/acid, vitamin C content total, reducing and non-reducing sugars). Peyuan cv. had the heaviest fruit weight, fruit volume and reducing sugar content however, it was the lowest in pulp percentage and non-reducing sugars among the five cultivars in both seasons. Toffahy cv. had highest fruit diameter and seed weight while, had lowest TSS %, vitamin C and total sugars values. Um-sulaem cv. had highest acidity percentage and vitamin C content and lowest fruit weight, length and TSS/acid. On the other hand, Pakstany cv. had highest percentage of both pulp percentage, TSS, total and non-reducing sugars. Finally, Komethry had the longest fruit. The molecular characterization and fingerprint identification of the ber cultivars was conducted using the ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) technique. The ISSR technique was able to uniquely characterize and differentiate between the five ber genotypes. Moreover, the genetic similarity tree showed that the cultivar Um-slaem is genetically distant from the other four cultivars and the two cultivars Pakstany and Komethry were genetically identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Obeed
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food Sciences and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Qian ZQ, Xu L, Wang YL, Yang J, Zhao GF. Ecological genetics of Reaumuria soongorica (Pall.) Maxim. population in the oasis–desert ecotone in Fukang, Xinjiang, and its implications for molecular evolution. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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