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Wu L, Yang W, Zhang Y, Du X, Jin N, Chen W, Li H, Zhang S, Xie B. Elevated Serum Uric Acid is Associated With Poor Survival in Advanced HCC Patients and Febuxostat Improves Prognosis in HCC Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:778890. [PMID: 34858193 PMCID: PMC8632057 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.778890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Serum uric acid is associated with tumor progression and hepatocarcinogenesis. Here, we aimed to determine whether serum uric acid is related to the survival time of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and whether the inhibition of uric acid production affects the progression and survival of rats with HCC. Methods: The follow-up data of 288 patients with advanced HCC were analyzed. Ten purine metabolites in serum and liver samples of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC rats were quantitatively determined by an established UPLC-MS/MS method. On this basis, febuxostat, a specific inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XOD), was used to interfere with HCC rats. Results: The serum uric acid level of HCC patients was significantly negatively correlated with survival days (r = -0.155). The median survival time was 133.5 days in the high uric acid group (>360 μmol/L, n = 80) and 176.0 days in the normal serum uric acid group (<360 μmol/L, n = 208, p = 0.0013). The levels of hypoxanthine, guanine, and uric acid; XOD activity; and xanthine dehydrogenase mRNA expression in the serum or liver samples of HCC rats were significantly upregulated compared with those in the control group. After febuxostat intervention in DEN-induced HCC rats, the number of atypical cells and inflammatory cells decreased significantly; the serum alpha fetoprotein level and Fisher's ratio tended to return to normal; the median survival time increased from 36 to 96 days (p = 0.08). In addition, serum malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione activity nearly returned to the level of the healthy control group. Conclusion: The elevation of serum uric acid implies a risk of poor survival in advanced HCC patients and Febuxostat can reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species, thereby playing a role in delaying the progression of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyue Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Nan Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Huangbao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Baogang Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Roles of Therapeutic Bioactive Compounds in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9068850. [PMID: 34754365 PMCID: PMC8572616 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9068850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is due to poor prognosis and lack of availability of effective treatment. Novel therapeutic strategies will be the fine tuning of intracellular ROS signaling to effectively deprive cells of ROS-induced tumor-promoting events. This review discusses the generation of ROS, the major signaling their modulation in therapeutics. We explore some of the major pathways involved in HCC, which include the VEGF, MAPK/ERK, mTOR, FGF, and Ser/Thr kinase pathways. In this review, we study cornerstone on natural bioactive compounds with their effect on hepatocarcinomas. Furthermore, we focus on oxidative stress and FDA-approved signaling pathway inhibitors, along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhancers which with early evidence of success. While more in vivo testing is required to confirm the findings presented here, our findings will aid future nonclinical, preclinical, and clinical studies with these compounds, as well as inspire medicinal chemistry scientists to conduct appropriate research on this promising natural compound and their derivatives.
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Li J, Feng X, Liu D, Zhang Z, Chen X, Li R, Li H. Diterpenoids from
Euphorbia neriifolia
and Their Related Anti‐HIV and Cytotoxic Activity. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900495. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Chun Li
- Faculty of Life Science and TechnologyKunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Yi Feng
- Faculty of Life Science and TechnologyKunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and TechnologyKunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and TechnologyKunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Xuan‐Qin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and TechnologyKunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Rong‐Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and TechnologyKunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Mei Li
- Faculty of Life Science and TechnologyKunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 P. R. China
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Minozzo BR, Lemes BM, Justo ADS, Lara JE, Petry VEK, Fernandes D, Belló C, Vellosa JCR, Campagnoli EB, Nunes OC, Kitagawa RR, Avula B, Khan IA, Beltrame FL. Anti-ulcer mechanisms of polyphenols extract of Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns (Euphorbiaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 191:29-40. [PMID: 27301616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euphorbia umbellata (leitosinha) is used in southern Brazilian folk medicine to treat gastric problems, as well as for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. AIM OF STUDY To evaluate the anti-ulcer effects of methanolic bark fraction (MF) against in vivo and in vitro assays, as well as an antioxidant, antibacterial and chromatographic study of this fraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo anti-ulcer activity was performed using ethanol and indomethacin models with different MF concentrations (50, 100 or 200mg/Kg). The stomachs of the animals were applied to histological evaluation, and the serum to evaluate the ABTS(•+) radical capture. The 200mg/Kg dose was used to analyze the mechanisms involved in antiulcerogenic properties of methanolic fraction. The in vitro activity was performed using several different antioxidant assays, in addition to anti-Helicobacter pylori and anti-urease experiments. The chromatographic study was carried out by LC-MS analysis. RESULTS Pharmacological investigation of the MF showed an anti-ulcer potential in ethanol and indomethacin in vivo assays. The material presented a high antioxidant activity for several oxidant in vitro systems (DPPH(•), ABTS(•+), O2(•-), HOCl, TauCl and HRP), as well as an ABTS(•+) capture increasing (7.5%) by the treated animals serum (when compared to the negative control). Prostaglandins, nitric oxide/ cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway and involvement of the protein components of the glutathione complex are some of the mechanisms related with this potential anti-ulcer action. The histological examination of the stomachs of the animals showed that the MF also prevents local action of offensive agents. Chemical analysis using LC-QTOF-MS revealed the presence of ellagic and gallic acid derivatives and flavonols. CONCLUSION The findings provide scientific basis to the ethnopharmacological purpose of the studied plant and the biological activities of MF of E. umbellata stem bark may be due to the presence of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Rodrigo Minozzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84900-030, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Mikulis Lemes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84900-030, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aline da Silva Justo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84900-030, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jheniffer Ellen Lara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84900-030, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84900-030, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Caroline Belló
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84900-030, Paraná, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Rebuglio Vellosa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84900-030, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bauml Campagnoli
- Department of Odontology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84900-030, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Otalíbio Castiglione Nunes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040-090, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rezende Kitagawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040-090, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford 38677, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas Ahmad Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford 38677, MS, USA
| | - Flávio Luis Beltrame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84900-030, Paraná, Brazil.
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Ben Barka Z, Aouadhi C, Tlili M, Alimi H, Ben Miled H, Ben Rhouma K, Sakly M, Ksouri R, Schneider YJ, Maaroufi A, Tebourbi O. Evaluation of the anti-diarrheal activity of the hydromethanolic root extract of Rhus tripartita (Ucria) (Anacardiacae). Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:827-834. [PMID: 27501500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rhus tripartita (Anacardiacae) is a plant which is traditionally used for the treatment of ulcer and diarrhea in Tunisia. However, the scientific basis for this usage has not been well established. The core aim of the present study is to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of Rhus tripartita root methanolic extract (RRE). MATERIAL AND METHODS The antidiarrheal activity of RRE oral doses (50, 100, 200 and 300mg/kg) was evaluated using the castor oil-induced diarrhea, the intestinal fluid emptying method and the normal intestinal transit test. The antibacterial activity was tested against four pathogenic bacteria using two methods. The RRE was also phytochemical studied. RESULTS Diarrhea experiments showed a protective effect of the RRE which produced a significant (p<0.05) and dose-dependent reduction of all the diarrhea parameters. It delayed the onset of diarrhea, produced a significant decrease in the frequency of defecation and the diarrhea score severity and decreased the volume of intestinal fluid induced by castor oil as well as the propulsion intestinal transit. The effect of the extract at the highest dose (300mg/kg) was similar to that of loperamide, the standard anti-diarrheal drug (10mg/kg). The anti-bacterial activity test showed that RRE exhibited a great inhibition activity against four pathogenic bacteria strains (Esherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella argenosa, Staphylococcus aureus). Oral administration of the extract up to 3g/kg did not produce any acute toxicity in rats. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the RRE revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols. CONCLUSION Results showed that RRE at 300mg/kg possesses the highest anti-diarrheal activity possibly mediated by the inhibitory effects on gastrointestinal propulsion and intestinal fluid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaineb Ben Barka
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Microbiology Veterinary Bacteriology Groups and Biotechnology Development, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, El Manar University, El Manar, BP 74, 13 Pasteur Place, Belvedere, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Cellular, Nutritional and Toxicological Biochemistry, Institute of Life Sciences (ISV) UCLouvain, Louvain-La-Neuve B1348, Belgium.
| | - Chedia Aouadhi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Microbiology Veterinary Bacteriology Groups and Biotechnology Development, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, El Manar University, El Manar, BP 74, 13 Pasteur Place, Belvedere, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mounira Tlili
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Alimi
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetic, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Hanene Ben Miled
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Khémais Ben Rhouma
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants (LPAM), BP 9001, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Yves Jacques Schneider
- Laboratory of Cellular, Nutritional and Toxicological Biochemistry, Institute of Life Sciences (ISV) UCLouvain, Louvain-La-Neuve B1348, Belgium
| | - Abderrazek Maaroufi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Microbiology Veterinary Bacteriology Groups and Biotechnology Development, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, El Manar University, El Manar, BP 74, 13 Pasteur Place, Belvedere, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Tebourbi
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
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Eidi A, Mortazavi P, Moghadam JZ, Mardani PM. Hepatoprotective effects of Portulaca oleracea extract against CCl4-induced damage in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1042-1051. [PMID: 25472695 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.957783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L., Portulacaceae) has been traditionally used in folk medicine to afford protection against liver injury, although its actual efficacy remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE To evaluate purslane as a hepatoprotective agent, we investigated the protective effect of its ethanol extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 108 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 12 groups. The first group was maintained as normal control, whereas CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg bw, 50% CCl4 in olive oil, i.p.), purslane extract (0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 g/kg bw, intragastrically), and purslane extract (five doses as above) along with CCl4 were administered to the Groups II, III-VII, and VIII-XII, respectively. The rats were sacrificed on the 30th day, and blood was withdrawn by cardiac puncture. Liver damage was assessed by measuring hepatic marker enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, and SOD) and histopathological observation. RESULTS Treatment with CCl4 resulted in increased serum activities of marker enzymes with a concomitant decrease in SOD. Histological alterations were also observed in the liver tissue upon CCl4 treatment. Administration of purslane extract (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 g/kg b.w.) significantly showed a marked tendency towards normalization of all measured biochemical parameters in CCl4-treated rats. Histopathological changes also paralleled the detected alteration in markers of liver function. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that purslane exerts protective effects against CCl4-induced damage in rat liver and supports a potential therapeutic use of purslane as an alternative for patients with liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
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Zhao JX, Liu CP, Qi WY, Han ML, Han YS, Wainberg MA, Yue JM. Eurifoloids A-R, structurally diverse diterpenoids from Euphorbia neriifolia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2224-2233. [PMID: 25252924 DOI: 10.1021/np5004752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Eighteen new diterpenoids, named eurifoloids A-R (1-18), including ingenane (1 and 2), abietane (3-7), isopimarane (8-12), and ent-atisane (13-18) types, along with four known analogues were isolated from Euphorbia neriifolia. Eurifoloid M (13) represents a rare class of ent-atisane-type norditerpenoid. Eurifoloids E (5) and F (6) exhibited significant anti-HIV activities, with EC50 values of 3.58 ± 0.31 (SI = 8.6) and 7.40 ± 0.94 μM (SI = 10.3), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Sharma V, Janmeda P. Protective Assessment of Euphorbia neriifolia and its Isolated Flavonoid Against N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced Hepatic Carcinogenesis in Male Mice: A Histopathological Analysis. Toxicol Int 2014; 21:37-43. [PMID: 24748733 PMCID: PMC3989913 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.128790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DENA), a potent environment carcinogen on liver tissue of mice which was attenuated by isolated flavonoid and hydro-ethanolic extract of Euphorbia neriifolia (HEEN) leaves. Materials and Methods: Carcinogenicity was induced in albino mice by a single oral administration of DENA (50 mg/kg body weight). The HEEN (150 and 400 mg/kg body weight), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA; 0.5 and 1%) and E. neriifolia flavonoid (ENF; 50 mg/kg body weight) were estimated to examine the possible anti-cancer potential. Results: DENA exposed animals showed alterations in normal hepatic histo-architecture, which comprised of necrosis (N), dilated sinusoids and vacuolization of the cells. Mice treated with E. neriifolia lower (ENL) and higher (ENH) dose and ENF before intoxicated with DENA showed that the liver cells were normal, with very little necrosis (Day 31). On the other hand, BHA higher (BHAH) and lower (BHAL) dose failed to diminish the abnormalities caused by the DENA. Conclusion: Results of the present study suggests that the ENH and ENF protects the hepatic tissue against DENA-induced hepatic carcinoma. The results could also be expressed in the order of ENH> ENF> ENL> BHAH> BHAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pracheta Janmeda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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Sharma V, Janmeda P. Chemopreventive Role of Euphorbia neriifolia (Linn) and its Isolated Flavonoid Against N-Nitrosodiethylamine-induced Renal Histopathological Damage in Male Mice. Toxicol Int 2013; 20:101-7. [PMID: 23833445 PMCID: PMC3702117 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study is an attempt to evaluate the tissue protective efficacy of isolated flavonoid and hydro-ethanolic extract of Euphorbia neriifolia (HEEN) leaves against N-nitrosodiethylamine (DENA) induced renal carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Carcinogenicity was induced in Albino mice by oral administration of DENA (50 mg/kg body weight). The HEEN (150 and 400 mg/kg body weight), Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA; 0.5 and 1%), and Euphorbia neriifolia flavonoid (ENF; 50 mg/kg body weight) were evaluated for their possible tissue carcinogenesis protective potential. RESULTS DENA treated animals showed alterations in normal renal histo-architecture, which comprised of necrosis (N) and vacuolization of the cells. On the other hand, the mice treated with Euphorbia neriifolia lower (ENL) and higher (ENH) dose and ENF before intoxicated with DENA showed that the renal cells were normal (Day 31). Whereas, BHA higher (BHAH) and lower (BHAL) dose failed to diminish the abnormalities caused by DENA. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study Suggested that ENH and ENF showed highest renal-protective activity among all the pretreatments. The results could also be expressed in the order of ENH > ENF > ENL > BHAH > BHAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pracheta Janmeda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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