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Rahman M, Islam R, Rabbi F, Islam MT, Sultana S, Ahmed M, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Behl T. Bioactive Compounds and Diabetes Mellitus: Prospects and Future Challenges. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1304-1320. [PMID: 35418280 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220412090808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition that influences the endocrine framework. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are two of the most widely recognized metabolic irregularities in diabetes, just as two of the most well-known reasons for diabetic intricacies. Diabetes mellitus is a persistent illness brought about by metabolic irregularities in hyperglycemic pancreatic cells. Hyperglycemia can be brought about by an absence of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas (Type 1 diabetes mellitus) or inadequate insulin creation that does not work effectively (Type 2 diabetes mellitus). Present diabetes medication is directed toward directing blood glucose levels in the systemic circulation to the typical levels. Numerous advanced prescription medicines have many negative results that can bring about unexpected severe issues during treatment of the bioactive compound from a different source that is beneficially affected by controlling, adjusting metabolic pathways or cycles. Moreover, a few new bioactive medications disengaged from plants have shown antidiabetic action with more noteworthy adequacy than the oral hypoglycemic agent that specialists have utilized in clinical treatment lately. Since bioactive mixtures are collected from familiar sources, they have a great activity in controlling diabetes mellitus. This study discusses bioactive compounds and their activity to manage diabetes mellitus and their prospects. Though bioactive compound has many health beneficial properties, adequate clinical studies still need to gain large acknowledge that they are effective in the management of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fazle Rabbi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Touhidul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharifa Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muniruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Tran N, Pham B, Le L. Bioactive Compounds in Anti-Diabetic Plants: From Herbal Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E252. [PMID: 32872226 PMCID: PMC7563488 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural products, including organisms (plants, animals, or microorganisms) have been shown to possess health benefits for animals and humans. According to the estimation of the World Health Organization, in developing countries, 80% of the population has still depended on traditional medicines or folk medicines which are mostly prepared from the plant for prevention or treatment diseases. Traditional medicine from plant extracts has proved to be more affordable, clinically effective and relatively less adverse effects than modern drugs. Literature shows that the attention on the application of phytochemical constituents of medicinal plants in the pharmaceutical industry has increased significantly. Plant-derived secondary metabolites are small molecules or macromolecules biosynthesized in plants including steroids, alkaloids, phenolic, lignans, carbohydrates and glycosides, etc. that possess a diversity of biological properties beneficial to humans, such as their antiallergic, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease result of metabolic disorders in pancreas β-cells that have hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can be caused by a deficiency of insulin production by pancreatic (Type 1 diabetes mellitus) or insufficiency of insulin production in the face of insulin resistance (Type 2 diabetes mellitus). The current medications of diabetes mellitus focus on controlling and lowering blood glucose levels in the vessel to a normal level. However, most modern drugs have many side effects causing some serious medical problems during a period of treating. Therefore, traditional medicines have been used for a long time and play an important role as alternative medicines. Moreover, during the past few years, some of the new bioactive drugs isolated from plants showed antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than oral hypoglycemic agents used in clinical therapy. Traditional medicine performed a good clinical practice and is showing a bright future in the therapy of diabetes mellitus. World Health Organization has pointed out this prevention of diabetes and its complications is not only a major challenge for the future, but essential if health for all is to be attained. Therefore, this paper briefly reviews active compounds, and pharmacological effects of some popular plants which have been widely used in diabetic treatment. Morphological data from V-herb database of each species was also included for plant identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Tran
- School of Biotechnology, International University—Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 721400, Vietnam;
| | - Bao Pham
- Information Science Faculty, Saigon University, Ho Chi Minh City 711000, Vietnam;
| | - Ly Le
- School of Biotechnology, International University—Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 721400, Vietnam;
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Bortolotti M, Mercatelli D, Polito L. Momordica charantia, a Nutraceutical Approach for Inflammatory Related Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:486. [PMID: 31139079 PMCID: PMC6517695 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia, commonly called bitter melon, is a plant belonging to Cucurbitaceae family known for centuries for its pharmacological activities, and nutritional properties. Due to the presence of many bioactive compounds, some of which possess potent biological actions, this plant is used in folk medicine all over the world for the treatment of different pathologies, mainly diabetes, but also cancer, and other inflammation-associated diseases. It is widely demonstrated that M. charantia extracts contribute in lowering glycaemia in patients affected by type 2 diabetes. However, the majority of existing studies on M. charantia bioactive compounds were performed only on cell lines and in animal models. Therefore, because the real impact of bitter melon on human health has not been thoroughly demonstrated, systematic clinical studies are needed to establish its efficacy and safety in patients. Besides, both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that bitter melon may also elicit toxic or adverse effects under different conditions. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic properties of bitter melon, discussing its pharmacological activity as well as the potential adverse effects. Even if a lot of literature is available about bitter melon as antidiabetic drug, few papers discuss the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Mercatelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Mozaniel SDO, Wanessa ADC, Fernanda WFB, Marilena EA, Gracialda CF, Raul NDCJ. Phytochemical profile and biological activities of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae): A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2017.16374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Ahmadvand H, Ghasemi Dehnoo M, Cheraghi R, Rasoulian B, Ezatpour B, Azadpour M, Baharvand K. Amelioration of altered serum, liver, and kidney antioxidant enzymes activities by sodium selenite in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 3:14-20. [PMID: 26989732 PMCID: PMC4757084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of sodium selenite on serum, liver, and kidney antioxidant enzymes activities in alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic rats. METHODS Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups; Group one as control, Group two as sham-treated with sodium selenite by 1 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections daily, Group three as diabetic untreated, and Group four as diabetic treated with sodium selenite by 1 mg/kg i.p. injections daily .Diabetes was induced in the third and fourth groups by subcutaneous alloxan injections. After eight weeks the animals were euthanized and livers and kidneys were immediately removed and used fresh or kept frozen until analysis. Before the rats were killed blood samples were also collected to measure glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) activities in sera. RESULTS Glutathione peroxidase and CAT activities serum, liver, and kidney were all significantly less in the diabetic rats than in the controls. Sodium selenite treatment of the diabetic rats resulted in significant increases in GPX activity in the kidneys and livers, and CAT activity in the sera and livers. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that sodium selenite might be a potent antioxidant that exerts beneficial effects on both GPX and CAT activities in alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ahmadvand
- Razi Herbal Researches Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Abad, Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Abad, Iran.
| | - Maryam Ghasemi Dehnoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Abad, Iran.
| | - Roohangiz Cheraghi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Abad, Iran.
| | - Bahram Rasoulian
- Razi Herbal Researches Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Abad, Iran.
| | - Behrouzb Ezatpour
- Razi Herbal Researches Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Abad, Iran.
| | - Mozhgan Azadpour
- Razi Herbal Researches Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Abad, Iran.
| | - Kaveh Baharvand
- School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston MA, USA.
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Characterization of a soluble phosphatidic acid phosphatase in bitter melon (Momordica charantia). PLoS One 2014; 9:e106403. [PMID: 25203006 PMCID: PMC4159287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia is often called bitter melon, bitter gourd or bitter squash because its fruit has a bitter taste. The fruit has been widely used as vegetable and herbal medicine. Alpha-eleostearic acid is the major fatty acid in the seeds, but little is known about its biosynthesis. As an initial step towards understanding the biochemical mechanism of fatty acid accumulation in bitter melon seeds, this study focused on a soluble phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP, 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.4) that hydrolyzes the phosphomonoester bond in phosphatidate yielding diacylglycerol and Pi. PAPs are typically categorized into two subfamilies: Mg2+-dependent soluble PAP and Mg2+-independent membrane-associated PAP. We report here the partial purification and characterization of an Mg2+-independent PAP activity from developing cotyledons of bitter melon. PAP protein was partially purified by successive centrifugation and UNOsphere Q and S columns from the soluble extract. PAP activity was optimized at pH 6.5 and 53–60°C and unaffected by up to 0.3 mM MgCl2. The Km and Vmax values for dioleoyl-phosphatidic acid were 595.4 µM and 104.9 ηkat/mg of protein, respectively. PAP activity was inhibited by NaF, Na3VO4, Triton X-100, FeSO4 and CuSO4, but stimulated by MnSO4, ZnSO4 and Co(NO3)2. In-gel activity assay and mass spectrometry showed that PAP activity was copurified with a number of other proteins. This study suggests that PAP protein is probably associated with other proteins in bitter melon seeds and that a new class of PAP exists as a soluble and Mg2+-independent enzyme in plants.
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Food prospects and nutraceutical attributes of Momordica species: A potential tropical bioresources – A review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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