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Song S, Shon J, Yang WR, Kang HB, Kim KH, Park JY, Lee S, Baik SY, Lee KR, Park YJ. Short-Term Effects of Weight-Loss Meal Replacement Programs with Various Macronutrient Distributions on Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Parameters: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4744. [PMID: 38004139 PMCID: PMC10675061 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It has emerged the gut microbiome is crucially linked to metabolic health and obesity. Macronutrient distribution has been discussed as a key parameter in weight-loss programs, but little is known about its impact on the gut microbiome. We investigated the effects of weight-loss meal replacement programs with different macronutrient ratios on the gut microbiota and metabolic parameters in subjects with overweight and obesity. Three low-calorie meal replacement programs with different ratios of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids were designed: a balanced diet (Group B, 60:15:30), a high-lipid-low-carbohydrate diet (Group F, 35:20:55), and a protein-enriched diet (Group P, 40:25:35). Sixty overweight or obese participants were provided with the meals twice daily for 3 weeks. In all groups, diet intervention resulted in reduced body weight and BMI. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla decreased and increased, respectively, which increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in all subjects, particularly in Groups B and P. Alpha- and beta-diversity were augmented at the phylum level in Group P. In conclusion, short-term interventions with weight-loss meal replacement programs increased butyrate-producing bacteria and the F/B ratio. Moreover, the protein-enriched diet significantly increased alpha- and beta-diversity compared to the balanced diet and the high-lipid-low-carbohydrate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Song
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Shon
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-ri Yang
- Hyundai Greenfood Greating Laboratory, Yongin-si 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Bit Kang
- Hyundai Greenfood Greating Laboratory, Yongin-si 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Ha Kim
- Hyundai Greenfood Greating Laboratory, Yongin-si 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Park
- Hyundai Greenfood Greating Laboratory, Yongin-si 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoo Lee
- SCL Healthcare Inc., Yongin-si 16954, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Yun Baik
- Hanaro Medical Foundation, Seoul 03159, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ryul Lee
- SCL Healthcare Inc., Yongin-si 16954, Republic of Korea
- Hanaro Medical Foundation, Seoul 03159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Park
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Shon J, Seong Y, Choi Y, Kim Y, Cho MS, Ha E, Kwon O, Kim Y, Park YJ, Kim Y. Meal-Based Intervention on Health Promotion in Middle-Aged Women: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2108. [PMID: 37432253 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle-aged women belong to a risk group for metabolic dysregulation and menopausal symptoms, mainly due to a dramatic hormonal shift. Supplementation with functional compounds or a single nutrient has been dominantly explored as a nutritional approach for improving aging-related health parameters. However, a meal-based approach might be another strategy for promoting the overall health of the target population. This pilot study aimed to develop a meal-based intervention for middle-aged women and to evaluate its potential health benefits. Considering the nutrient intake status of Korean middle-aged women, diets enriched with four major nutrients (isoflavone, omega-3, fiber, and calcium) were designed and provided to forty-nine women aged 50 to 65 with mild levels of menopausal symptoms for 8 weeks. In the post-intervention phase, they showed reduced body weight and body fat, and improved biochemical metabolic parameters with decreased levels of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, ApoB, and fasting insulin. Moreover, bone resorption markers and menopause symptoms were lower in the post-intervention phase. In conclusion, the meal-based intervention might be a prominent strategy for overall health promotion in relatively healthy middle-aged women and further investigation is needed to test its efficacy with a randomized controlled study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Shon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yehee Seong
- Graduate School of Clinical Biohealth, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Choi
- Graduate School of Clinical Biohealth, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sook Cho
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ha
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Park
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangha Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Zin CAJCM, Mohamed WMIW, Khan NAK, Ishak WRW. Effects of Fruit and Vegetable Polyphenols on the Glycemic Control and Metabolic Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:257-264. [PMID: 36313061 PMCID: PMC9585403 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of diabetes in recent decades has been associated with lifestyle changes and dietary habits correlated with economic development. Fruits and vegetables are a vital source of nutraceuticals and components of the healthy diet recommended in the medical nutrition therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to prevent hyperglycemia and related complications. They are low in calories and rich in dietary fiber, consist of many polyphenols, and are an essential component of a healthy lifestyle. Recently, researchers have developed a significant interest in understanding the effects of polyphenols (flavonoids and non-flavonoids) on blood glucose levels. In this review, the authors summarize the effects of polyphenols commonly found in the fruits and vegetables, such as resveratrol and anthocyanins, on the glycemic control and metabolic parameters, based on human clinical trials. Significant reductions in fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were reported after resveratrol, anthocyanin, and naringin were administered to patients with prediabetes and diabetes. Decreased insulin levels were observed after resveratrol intervention but not with the other types of polyphenols. These effects of polyphenolic compounds on the glycemic and metabolic parameters might be mediated by multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, such as activating regulator proteins to increase insulin signaling and eventually suppress insulin resistance. The benefits of certain polyphenols on T2DM remain ambiguous; therefore, further studies, especially clinical trials, are required to substantiate the available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wan Mohd Izani Wan Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | | | - Wan Rosli Wan Ishak
- Nutrition Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia,
Correspondence to Wan Rosli Wan Ishak, E-mail:
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Navas-Carretero S, San-Cristobal R, Siig Vestentoft P, Brand-Miller JC, Jalo E, Westerterp-Plantenga M, Simpson EJ, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Stratton G, Huttunen-Lenz M, Lam T, Muirhead R, Poppitt S, Pietiläinen KH, Adam T, Taylor MA, Handjiev S, McNarry MA, Hansen S, Brodie S, Silvestre MP, Macdonald IA, Boyadjieva N, Mackintosh KA, Schlicht W, Liu A, Larsen TM, Fogelholm M, Raben A, Martinez JA. Appraisal of Triglyceride-Related Markers as Early Predictors of Metabolic Outcomes in the PREVIEW Lifestyle Intervention: A Controlled Post-hoc Trial. Front Nutr 2021; 8:733697. [PMID: 34790686 PMCID: PMC8592084 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.733697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Individuals with pre-diabetes are commonly overweight and benefit from dietary and physical activity strategies aimed at decreasing body weight and hyperglycemia. Early insulin resistance can be estimated via the triglyceride glucose index {TyG = Ln [TG (mg/dl) × fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (mg/dl)/2]} and the hypertriglyceridemic-high waist phenotype (TyG-waist), based on TyG x waist circumference (WC) measurements. Both indices may be useful for implementing personalized metabolic management. In this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), we aimed to determine whether the differences in baseline TyG values and TyG-waist phenotype predicted individual responses to type-2 diabetes (T2D) prevention programs. Methods: The present post-hoc analyses were conducted within the Prevention of Diabetes through Lifestyle intervention and population studies in Europe and around the world (PREVIEW) study completers (n = 899), a multi-center RCT conducted in eight countries (NCT01777893). The study aimed to reduce the incidence of T2D in a population with pre-diabetes during a 3-year randomized intervention with two sequential phases. The first phase was a 2-month weight loss intervention to achieve ≥8% weight loss. The second phase was a 34-month weight loss maintenance intervention with two diets providing different amounts of protein and different glycemic indices, and two physical activity programs with different exercise intensities in a 2 x 2 factorial design. On investigation days, we assessed anthropometrics, glucose/lipid metabolism markers, and diet and exercise questionnaires under standardized procedures. Results: Diabetes-related markers improved during all four lifestyle interventions. Higher baseline TyG index (p < 0.001) was associated with greater reductions in body weight, fasting glucose, and triglyceride (TG), while a high TyG-waist phenotype predicted better TG responses, particularly in those randomized to physical activity (PA) of moderate intensity. Conclusions: Two novel indices of insulin resistance (TyG and TyG-waist) may allow for a more personalized approach to avoiding progression to T2D. Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01777893 reference, identifier: NCT01777893.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) obn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Pia Siig Vestentoft
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennie C Brand-Miller
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elli Jalo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Margriet Westerterp-Plantenga
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth J Simpson
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, ARUK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gareth Stratton
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Maija Huttunen-Lenz
- Institute of Nursing Science, University of Education, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Tony Lam
- NetUnion Sarl, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roslyn Muirhead
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sally Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki and Endocrinology, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Adam
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Moira A Taylor
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, ARUK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Svetoslav Handjiev
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Melitta A McNarry
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Hansen
- Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and Social Sciences of Health, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shannon Brodie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marta P Silvestre
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Center for Health Technology Services Research (CINTESIS), NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ian A Macdonald
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, ARUK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nadka Boyadjieva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kelly A Mackintosh
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Schlicht
- Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstraße, Germany
| | - Amy Liu
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas M Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) obn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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5
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Berry SE, Valdes AM, Drew DA, Asnicar F, Mazidi M, Wolf J, Capdevila J, Hadjigeorgiou G, Davies R, Al Khatib H, Bonnett C, Ganesh S, Bakker E, Hart D, Mangino M, Merino J, Linenberg I, Wyatt P, Ordovas JM, Gardner CD, Delahanty LM, Chan AT, Segata N, Franks PW, Spector TD. Human postprandial responses to food and potential for precision nutrition. Nat Med 2020; 26:964-973. [PMID: 32528151 PMCID: PMC8265154 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic responses to food influence risk of cardiometabolic disease, but large-scale high-resolution studies are lacking. We recruited n = 1,002 twins and unrelated healthy adults in the United Kingdom to the PREDICT 1 study and assessed postprandial metabolic responses in a clinical setting and at home. We observed large inter-individual variability (as measured by the population coefficient of variation (s.d./mean, %)) in postprandial responses of blood triglyceride (103%), glucose (68%) and insulin (59%) following identical meals. Person-specific factors, such as gut microbiome, had a greater influence (7.1% of variance) than did meal macronutrients (3.6%) for postprandial lipemia, but not for postprandial glycemia (6.0% and 15.4%, respectively); genetic variants had a modest impact on predictions (9.5% for glucose, 0.8% for triglyceride, 0.2% for C-peptide). Findings were independently validated in a US cohort (n = 100 people). We developed a machine-learning model that predicted both triglyceride (r = 0.47) and glycemic (r = 0.77) responses to food intake. These findings may be informative for developing personalized diet strategies. The ClinicalTrials.gov registration identifier is NCT03479866.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Berry
- Department of Nutrition, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ana M Valdes
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | - David A Drew
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twins Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Haya Al Khatib
- Department of Nutrition, King's College London, London, UK
- Zoe Global Ltd, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Deborah Hart
- Department of Twins Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twins Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jordi Merino
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | | | | | - Jose M Ordovas
- JM-USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Linda M Delahanty
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Twins Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twins Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
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