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Wu J, Jin X, Li W, Liu E. A proteomics-based study of the mechanism of oxymatrine to ameliorate hepatic fibrosis in mice. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1247:124280. [PMID: 39270419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the protective effect of oxymatrine (OMT) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice and explored its possible targets and signaling pathways. METHODS Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank control, model, positive drug (silymarin), and OMT administration groups, respectively, with 10 mice in each group. Hepatic fibrosis was induced in mice using CCl4 and the corresponding drug intervention was given. After the final administration, ultrasonography tests, blood tests, and analysis of liver differential proteins using tandem mass tag labeling and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were performed. RESULTS OMT intervention ameliorated CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice, significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, down-regulated the expression of fibrosis factors, such as type IV collagen IV, laminin, type III procollagen III, and alpha-smooth muscle actin, and improved liver function. The results of the proteomic analysis showed that the intervention of OMT significantly down-regulated 130 out of 440 up-regulated proteins and up-regulated 70 out of 294 down-regulated proteins, primarily involving the transient receptor potential (TRP) signaling pathway, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway, and the metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid. The main differential proteins involved were Cyp2c37, SCP-2, and Tbxas1. In addition, OMT intervention significantly reversed the expression of sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP2) and upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, Cyp2c37, and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 proteins. CONCLUSION OMT inhibited the proliferative capacity of hepatic stellate cells, induced apoptotic properties, and suppressed the development of fibrosis by elevating Cyp2c37/TRP signaling axis activity and upregulating PPAR pathway activity by inhibiting SCP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061,China
| | - Xueqin Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061,China; Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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Lan X, Chen Y, Duan JJ, Xu J. Study on Oxymatrine-Based Research from 2001 to 2022: A Bibliometric Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9633-9643. [PMID: 38434884 PMCID: PMC10905712 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Oxymatrine is a quinolizidine alkaloid mainly derived from Kushen; it possesses various therapeutic effects, such as organ- and tissue-protective, anticancer, and antiviral effects. The research directions for oxymatrine remain broad. In order to explore the overall status of oxymatrine-based research, we carried out a bibliometric analysis to summarize the oxymatrine-based, English-written studies published in the past 22 years. In total, 267 studies were included, most of which were original. The number of annual studies slowly increased with some fluctuations. Other than China, 11 different countries conducted studies on oxymatrine; the variety in the country of origin of these publications is presented as a recently increasing trend. Many affiliates and researchers have participated in oxymatrine-based research. Various treatment mechanisms involving different oxymatrine pathways have led to research in a wide range of fields, being published in numerous journals. Two particularly popular research fields related to oxymatrine involved anticancer and anti-inflammation. From this research, we concluded that with increasing and continuous in-depth studies, more therapeutic effects and mechanisms will be elucidated, and oxymatrine may present as a viable option for the treatment of additional diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lan
- Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Xiyuan
Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jia-jia Duan
- Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Das A, Kashyap O, Pandey DP, Bodakhe SH. Oxymatrine impedes the progression of endotoxin-induced glaucoma via redox system modulations. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23631. [PMID: 38229309 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to provide irrefutable evidence of the preventive effects of oxymatine (OMT) on a model of endotoxin induced glaucoma in Wistar rats which can be attributed to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and TNF-α antagonistic properties. To assess the impact of OMT on uveitic glaucoma, the normal group received 100 μL distilled water topically for 15 days, while the glaucoma control group was induced with uveitic glaucoma by applying 10 μL of 10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) topically for 3 consecutive days. The treatment groups were then given OMT solution at a volume of 50 μL with varying doses of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% once a day via topical administration for 15 days. In addition, as a standard, the animals were also given 100 μL of 1% dorzolamide topically for 15 days. All ophthalmic dosing was carried out by pulling the lower eye-lid of the experimental animals and administration of the respective solutions. The study uses cutting-edge real-time imaging of the retinal vasculature in anesthetized animals, postsacrifice lenticular picturization and biochemical evidence to support the changes in the retinal layers. LPS induced animals demonstrated increased IOP, disrupted antioxidant systems, massive lipid damage, enhanced TNF-α activity and changes in intracellular ATPase and ionic activities. The damaged retinal vasculature and lenticular opacification further supported the biochemical evidence. However, using OMT at a 1% dosage effectively enhanced the antioxidant levels, regulated intracellular ion concentration and ATPases, decreased TNF-α activity, and counteracted mechanobiological changes in the visual front and retina. Moreover, OMT can successfully normalize intraocular pressure, making it a highly beneficial treatment option for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmita Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Onkar Kashyap
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Devi P Pandey
- Government Degree College, Dehradun City, Dehradun, India
| | - Surendra H Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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4
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Singh S, Sharma N, Shukla S, Behl T, Gupta S, Anwer MK, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Bungau SG, Brisc C. Understanding the Potential Role of Nanotechnology in Liver Fibrosis: A Paradigm in Therapeutics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062811. [PMID: 36985782 PMCID: PMC10057127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a vital organ that plays a crucial role in the physiological operation of the human body. The liver controls the body's detoxification processes as well as the storage and breakdown of red blood cells, plasma protein and hormone production, and red blood cell destruction; therefore, it is vulnerable to their harmful effects, making it more prone to illness. The most frequent complications of chronic liver conditions include cirrhosis, fatty liver, liver fibrosis, hepatitis, and illnesses brought on by alcohol and drugs. Hepatic fibrosis involves the activation of hepatic stellate cells to cause persistent liver damage through the accumulation of cytosolic matrix proteins. The purpose of this review is to educate a concise discussion of the epidemiology of chronic liver disease, the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of liver fibrosis, the symptoms of liver fibrosis progression and regression, the clinical evaluation of liver fibrosis and the research into nanotechnology-based synthetic and herbal treatments for the liver fibrosis is summarized in this article. The herbal remedies summarized in this review article include epigallocathechin-3-gallate, silymarin, oxymatrine, curcumin, tetrandrine, glycyrrhetinic acid, salvianolic acid, plumbagin, Scutellaria baicalnsis Georgi, astragalosides, hawthorn extract, and andrographolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Saurabh Shukla
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences &Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 150001, Peru
- E-Health Research Center, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Cristina Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Chan MKK, Chung JYF, Tang PCT, Chan ASW, Ho JYY, Lin TPT, Chen J, Leung KT, To KF, Lan HY, Tang PMK. TGF-β signaling networks in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2022; 550:215925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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6
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Sun Z, Zhan X. Myrrhone inhibits the progression of hepatic fibrosis by regulating the abnormal activation of hepatic stellate cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23177. [PMID: 35983967 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We focus on exploring the antihepatic fibrosis effect of Myrrhone (Myr), a compound extracted from myrrh, and its effective target. Mouse hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were cultured in vitro and activated by transforming growth factor-β induction. After Myr intervention, cell viability was assessed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and Collagen I levels were measured by immunofluorescence, and the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the p-Smad3 protein level in HSCs was determined by Western Blot. Small molecule-protein docking and pull-down experiments were conducted to validate the binding capacity between Nard and Smad3. In animal experiments, a mouse model of hepatic fibrosis was established with carbon tetrachloride. Myr was administered by gavage daily to determine the serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase levels. The severity of hepatic fibrosis was evaluated by Masson staining, the α-SMA and Collagen I expressions were measured by immunohistochemistry, and the histopathological changes were examined by Sirius red and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Myr suppressed the abnormal activation of HSCs, inhibited the cell viability, downregulated the α-SMA and Collagen I, and inhibited the p-Smad3 expression. After silencing Smad3, the effect of Myr was inhibited. Molecular docking and pull-down experiments revealed the presence of a targeted binding relationship between Myr and Smad3. In mouse experiments, Myr could inhibit hepatic fibrosis. This study discovers that Myr can affect the phosphorylation of Smad3, and inhibit the activation of HSCs and the progression of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangchi Sun
- Pharmacy Department, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhan
- Pharmacy Department, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
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Das A, Kashyap O, Singh A, Shree J, Namdeo KP, Bodakhe SH. Oxymatrine Protects TGFβ1-Induced Retinal Fibrosis in an Animal Model of Glaucoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:750342. [PMID: 35252223 PMCID: PMC8894676 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.750342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma has engulfed a huge population of the world into its claws of blindness as it remains asymptomatic until nearly 40% of the neurons are lost and the only option left is for patients to be subjected to symptomatic treatments or surgical methods, neither of which is completely effective in curing the disease as they do not restore the physiological dimensions at the neuronal level. Among the several factors that drive the pathophysiology of glaucoma, one is the involvement of fibrogenic factors, such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) which remodels the extracellular matrix (ECM) and, thus, the deposition of fibrotic material in the retina, resulting in the progression of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the protective effects of oxymatrine (OMT) in the steroid-induced glaucoma model in experimental rats and to determine the role of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and its consequent inhibition due to the antioxidant and the antiinflammatory, and also the TGFβ1 antagonistic, behavior of OMT. To that end, we experimentally elucidated the role of OMT, a TGFβ1 antagonist, that is known to play antiinflammatory and antioxidant roles in the steroid-induced glaucoma model in experimental rats, and using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we observed a direct inhibitory effect of OMT on the pathogenesis of glaucoma. The antioxidant and the antiinflammatory potentials of OMT were determined using several biochemical methods to determine the major antioxidants in the retinal layers, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), along with the nitrite and the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration levels. As a result, OMT was found to reduce the total protein content in the retinal layers, a correlation that has not been previously reported. Moreover, the impacts of OMT on the major governing ATPases, namely Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ATPase, along with its impacts on the intracellular ionic concentrations of Na+, K+, and Ca2+, were determined and were found to point toward OMT, restoring homeostasis in glaucomatous animals. A clearer picture of the changes during the treatment was obtained using retinal images of the live animals and of the lenticular changes in the sacrificed animal; these images provided data on the pathological pathways leading to glaucoma inception and its consequent inhibition by OMT. The data reported in this study clearly indicate that OMT has a possible role in inhibiting the pathogenesis of glaucoma, and the data also permit the quantification of several biochemical parameters of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmita Das
- Department of Pharmacology, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India
| | - Onkar Kashyap
- Department of Pharmacology, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Jaya Shree
- Rungta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, India
| | - Kamta P. Namdeo
- Department of Pharmacology, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India
| | - Surendra H. Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmacology, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India
- *Correspondence: Surendra H. Bodakhe
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8
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Li L, He D, Cai Q, Wang DY. Blockage of TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to- mesenchymal transition by oxymatrine prevents renal interstitial fibrosis. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000118738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | | | - Qin Cai
- University of Chinese Medicine, China
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9
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Zhu YX, Hu HQ, Zuo ML, Mao L, Song GL, Li TM, Dong LC, Yang ZB, Ali Sheikh MS. Effect of oxymatrine on liver gluconeogenesis is associated with the regulation of PEPCK and G6Pase expression and AKT phosphorylation. Biomed Rep 2021; 15:56. [PMID: 34007449 PMCID: PMC8120346 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in liver gluconeogenesis is an important pathological phenomenon in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and oxymatrine is an effective natural drug used for T2DM treatment. The present study aimed to explore the effect of oxymatrine on gluconeogenesis and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a high-fat diet and streptozotocin for 4 weeks to induce T2DM, and HepG2 cells were treated with 55 mM glucose to simulate T2DM in vitro. T2DM rats were treated with oxymatrine (10 or 20 mg/kg weight) or metformin for 4 weeks, and HepG2 cells were treated with oxymatrine (0.1 or 1 µM), metformin (0.1 µM), or oxymatrine combined with MK-2206 (AKT inhibitor) for 24 h. Fasting blood glucose and insulin sensitivity of rats were measured to evaluate insulin resistance. Glucose production and uptake ability were measured to evaluate gluconeogenesis in HepG2 cells, and the expression of related genes was detected to explore the molecular mechanism. Additionally, the body weight, liver weight and liver index were measured and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to evaluate the effects of the disease. The fasting glucose levels of T2DM rats was 16.5 mmol/l, whereas in the control rats, it was 6.1 mmol/l. Decreased insulin sensitivity (K-value, 0.2), body weight loss (weight, 300 g), liver weight gain, liver index increase (value, 48) and morphological changes were observed in T2DM rats, accompanied by reduced AKT phosphorylation, and upregulated expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). High-glucose treatment significantly increased glucose production and decreased glucose uptake in HepG2 cells, concomitant with a decrease in AKT phosphorylation and increase of PEPCK and G6Pase expression. In vivo, oxymatrine dose-dependently increased the sensitivity of T2DM rats to insulin, increased AKT phosphorylation and decreased PEPCK and G6Pase expression in the liver, and reversed the liver morphological changes. In vitro, oxymatrine dose-dependently increased AKT phosphorylation and glucose uptake of HepG2 cells subjected to high-glucose treatment, which was accompanied by inhibition of the expression of the gluconeogenesis-related genes, PEPCK and G6Pase. MK-2206 significantly inhibited the protective effects of oxymatrine in high-glucose-treated cells. These data indicated that oxymatrine can effectively prevent insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis, and its mechanism may be at least partly associated with the regulation of PEPCK and G6Pase expression and AKT phosphorylation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xian Zhu
- The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China.,College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Qing Hu
- The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zuo
- The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Li Mao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha, Hunan 410600, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Lin Song
- The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Tao-Ming Li
- The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Li-Chen Dong
- The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Bao Yang
- The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Md Sayed Ali Sheikh
- Internal Medicine Department, Cardiology, College of Medicine, Al Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia
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Liu X, Wang D, Yang W, Wu X. Oxymatrine exerts anti-fibrotic effects in a rat model of hepatic fibrosis by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520961681. [PMID: 33044865 PMCID: PMC7556176 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520961681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the anti-fibrotic effects of oxymatrine and the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in hepatic fibrosis (HF) in animal models. METHODS The HF rat model was established by exposure to NaAsO2, followed by treatment with oxymatrine. Biomarkers of HF and ER stress were measured. The difference in protein expression between groups was evaluated using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) analysis. The mechanism by which oxymatrine modulated ER stress to alleviate arsenic-induced HF was evaluated using LX2 hepatic stellate cells in vitro. RESULTS The rat model mimicked the pathological and physical phenotypes of HF including ER stress, oxidative stress, impaired liver function, and fibrosis. Treatment with oxymatrine suppressed these responses. Moreover, apoptosis, inflammation, and hepatic stellate cell activation were also inhibited by oxymatrine treatment. The differentially expressed proteins and pathways related to ER stress were identified in the HF and oxymatrine-treated groups via iTRAQ analysis combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. LX2 cells were activated by NaAsO2 in vitro. Meanwhile, oxymatrine suppressed the activation of LX2 cells by alleviating ER stress and regulating cellular calcium homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Oxymatrine could reverse NaAsO2-induced HF by alleviating ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Medical Comprehensive, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- Department of Medical Comprehensive, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
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11
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Ma X, Jiang Y, Wen J, Zhao Y, Zeng J, Guo Y. A comprehensive review of natural products to fight liver fibrosis: Alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, coumarins and other compounds. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173578. [PMID: 32976828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of drugs to treat liver fibrosis has long been a challenge over the past decades due to its complicated pathogenesis. As a primary approach for drug development, natural products account for 30% of clinical drugs used for disease treatment. Therefore, natural products are increasingly important for their medicinal value in liver fibrosis therapy. In this part of the review, special focus is placed on the effect and mechanism of natural compounds, including alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, coumarins and others. A total of 36 kinds of natural compounds demonstrate significant antifibrotic effects in various liver fibrosis models in vivo and in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro. Revealing the mechanism will provide further basis for clinical conversion, as well as accelerate drug discovery. The mechanism was further summarized with the finding of network regulation by several natural products, such as oxymatrine, paeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rg1 and taurine. Moreover, there are still improvements needed in investigating clinical efficacy, determining mechanisms, and combining applications, as well as semisynthesis and modification. Therefore, natural products area promising resource for agents that protect against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yinxiao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jianxia Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Yaoguang Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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12
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Wang H, Han B, Wang N, Lu Y, Gao T, Qu Z, Yang H, Yang Q. Oxymatrine attenuates arsenic-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and calcium dyshomeostasis in hepatic stellate cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1171. [PMID: 33241020 PMCID: PMC7576087 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxymatrine is the main bioactive component of Sophora flavescens. It exhibits various biological activities and has been used in various liver diseases, including hepatic fibrosis (HF). Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the primary cell type involved during HF progression. Oxymatrine treatment could suppress the proliferation of HSCs and degrade the extracellular cell matrix (ECM), presumed to be associated with HF. However, the mechanism is still unknown. Methods NaAsO2 induces HF in LX2 cells. Oxymatrine was used to treat NaAsO2- induced LX2 cells. Then, the LX2 cell proliferation, apoptosis, ECM secretion protein, oxidative stress index, and intracellular calcium concentration were respectively measured. Furthermore, after knocking down GRP78 [endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone BiP] or overexpressing of SERCA2 (ATPase sarcoplasmic/ER Ca2+ transporting 2) in NaAsO2-induced LX2 cells, we detected the changes in ER stress and calcium homeostasis in LX2 cells. Results NaAsO2 exposure promoted apoptosis, increased ECM secretion, produced ER stress, and disrupted calcium homeostasis, which could be attenuated by oxymatrine treatment. Furthermore, knockdown of GRP78 to alleviate ER stress, or overexpression of SERCA2 to restore intracellular calcium homeostasis can inhibit the NaAsO2 effect. Conclusions Oxymatrine treatment could improve calcium homeostasis and attenuate ER stress to reverse NaAsO2-induced HSC activation and ECM secretion, which are the significant phenotypes of HF. The ER stress and calcium homeostasis may be the therapeutic targets for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqun Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bing Han
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Nanlan Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zihan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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13
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Chan YT, Wang N, Tan HY, Li S, Feng Y. Targeting Hepatic Stellate Cells for the Treatment of Liver Fibrosis by Natural Products: Is It the Dawning of a New Era? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:548. [PMID: 32425789 PMCID: PMC7212390 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a progressive liver damage condition that is worth studying widely. It is important to target and alleviate the disease at an early stage before turning into later cirrhosis or liver cancer. There are currently no direct medicines targeting the attenuation or reversal of liver fibrosis, and so there is an urgent need to look into this area. Traditional Chinese Medicine has a long history in using herbal medicines to treat liver diseases including fibrosis. It is time to integrate the ancient wisdom with modern science and technology to look for the best solution to the disease. In this review, the principal concept of the pathology of liver fibrosis will be described, and then some of the single compounds isolated from herbal medicines, including salvianolic acids, oxymatrine, curcumin, tetrandrine, etc. will be discussed from their effects to the molecular mechanism behind. Molecular targets of the compounds are analyzed by network pharmacology approach, and TGFβ/SMAD was identified as the most common pathway. This review serves to summarize the current findings of herbal medicines combining with modern medicines in the area of fibrosis. It hopefully provides insights in further pharmaceutical research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Tuen Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hor Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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14
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Wang R, Deng X, Gao Q, Wu X, Han L, Gao X, Zhao S, Chen W, Zhou R, Li Z, Bai C. Sophora alopecuroides L.: An ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacological review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112172. [PMID: 31442619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sophora alopecuroides L., which is called Kudouzi in China, is a medicinal plant distributed in Western and Central Asia, especially in China, and has been used for decades to treat fever, bacterial infection, heart disease, rheumatism, and gastrointestinal diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to provide up-to-date information on S. alopecuroides, including its botanical characterization, medicinal resources, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological research, and toxicology, in exploring future therapeutic and scientific potentials. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information related to this article was systematically collected from the scientific literature databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, published books, PhD and MS dissertations, and other web sources, such as the official website of Flora of China and Yao Zhi website (https://db.yaozh.com/). RESULTS A total of 128 compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and polysaccharides, were isolated from S. alopecuroides. Among these compounds, the effects of alkaloids, such as matrine and oxymatrine, were extensively studied and developed into new drugs. S. alopecuroides and its active components had a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic, and neuroprotective functions, as well as protective properties against pulmonary fibrosis and cardiac fibroblast proliferation. CONCLUSIONS As an important traditional Chinese medicine, modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that S. alopecuroides has prominent bioactivities, especially on gynecological inflammation and hepatitis B, and anticancer activities. These activities provide prospects for novel drug development for cancer and some chronic diseases. Nevertheless, the comprehensive evaluation, quality control, understanding of the multitarget network pharmacology, long-term in vivo toxicity, and clinical efficacy of S. alopecuroides require further detailed research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hui Medicine Modernization, Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Xinxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Hui Medicine Modernization, Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Qixia Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hui Medicine Modernization, Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Lu Han
- Key Laboratory of Hui Medicine Modernization, Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Hui Medicine Modernization, Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Shipeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hui Medicine Modernization, Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Weibin Chen
- Ningxia Doushun Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Yanchi, 751500, PR China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Changcai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Hui Medicine Modernization, Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, Yinchuan 750004, PR China.
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15
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Guan B, Chen R, Zhong M, Liu N, Chen Q. Protective effect of Oxymatrine against acute spinal cord injury in rats via modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:149-157. [PMID: 31840202 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to examine the effect of oxymatrine (OMT) on motor functions and histopathologic changes after spinal cord injury and the mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effects. Results suggested that, OMT causes regain of lost motor function near to normal via attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory response and cellular apoptosis. These observations were further supported by histological examination of spinal cord of rats. It also showed to regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, Bcl2 family proteins and reduces the level of toll like receptor (TLR-4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB) in concentration dependent manner. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was also regulated by OMT after SCI. It has been suggested that, OMT promotes the recovery of motor function after SCI in rats via multiple mechanism, and this effect may be related to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binggang Guan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Rongchun Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingliang Zhong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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16
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Lan X, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Xu F. Oxymatrine exerts organ- and tissue-protective effects by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis: From bench to bedside. Pharmacol Res 2020; 151:104541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Quinolizidine alkaloids derivatives from Sophora alopecuroides Linn: Bioactivities, structure-activity relationships and preliminary molecular mechanisms. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 188:111972. [PMID: 31884408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Quinolizidine alkaloids, as essential active ingredients extracted from Sophora alopecuroides Linn, have been well concerned in the past several decades owing to the unique structural features and numerous pharmacological activities. Quinolizidine alkaloids consist of matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine, sophocarpine and aloperine etc. Additionally, quinolizidine alkaloids exert various excellent activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, anti-virus and anti-arrhythmia regulations. In this review, we comprehensively clarify the pharmacological activities of quinolizidine alkaloids, as well as the relationship between biological function and structure-activity of substituted quinolizidine alkaloids. We believe that biological agents based on the pharmacological functions of quinolizidine alkaloids could be well applied in clinical practice.
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18
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Lou LL, Ni FQ, Chen L, Shaker S, Li W, Wang R, Tang GH, Yin S. Germacrane Sesquiterpenoids as a New Type of Anticardiac Fibrosis Agent Targeting Transforming Growth Factor β Type I Receptor. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7961-7975. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Qiang Ni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sharpkate Shaker
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui-Hua Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Avila-Carrasco L, Majano P, Sánchez-Toméro JA, Selgas R, López-Cabrera M, Aguilera A, González Mateo G. Natural Plants Compounds as Modulators of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:715. [PMID: 31417401 PMCID: PMC6682706 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a self-regulated physiological process required for tissue repair that, in non-controled conditions may lead to fibrosis, angiogenesis, loss of normal organ function or cancer. Although several molecular pathways involved in EMT regulation have been described, this process does not have any specific treatment. This article introduces a systematic review of effective natural plant compounds and their extract that modulates the pathological EMT or its deleterious effects, through acting on different cellular signal transduction pathways both in vivo and in vitro. Thereby, cryptotanshinone, resveratrol, oxymatrine, ligustrazine, osthole, codonolactone, betanin, tannic acid, gentiopicroside, curcumin, genistein, paeoniflorin, gambogic acid and Cinnamomum cassia extracts inhibit EMT acting on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smads signaling pathways. Gedunin, carnosol, celastrol, black rice anthocyanins, Duchesnea indica, cordycepin and Celastrus orbiculatus extract downregulate vimectin, fibronectin and N-cadherin. Sulforaphane, luteolin, celastrol, curcumin, arctigenin inhibit β-catenin signaling pathways. Salvianolic acid-A and plumbagin block oxidative stress, while honokiol, gallic acid, piperlongumine, brusatol and paeoniflorin inhibit EMT transcription factors such as SNAIL, TWIST and ZEB. Plectranthoic acid, resveratrol, genistein, baicalin, polyphyllin I, cairicoside E, luteolin, berberine, nimbolide, curcumin, withaferin-A, jatrophone, ginsenoside-Rb1, honokiol, parthenolide, phoyunnanin-E, epicatechin-3-gallate, gigantol, eupatolide, baicalin and baicalein and nitidine chloride inhibit EMT acting on other signaling pathways (SIRT1, p38 MAPK, NFAT1, SMAD, IL-6, STAT3, AQP5, notch 1, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, FAK/AKT, Hh). Despite the huge amount of preclinical data regarding EMT modulation by the natural compounds of plant, clinical translation is poor. Additionally, this review highlights some relevant examples of clinical trials using natural plant compounds to modulate EMT and its deleterious effects. Overall, this opens up new therapeutic alternatives in cancer, inflammatory and fibrosing diseases through the control of EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Avila-Carrasco
- Therapeutic and Pharmacology Department, Health and Human Science Research, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Pedro Majano
- Molecular Biology Unit, Research Institute of University Hospital La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Toméro
- Department and Nephrology, Research Institute of University Hospital La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Research Institute of La Paz (IdiPAZ), University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biology Research Centre Severo Ochoa, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Abelardo Aguilera
- Molecular Biology Unit, Research Institute of University Hospital La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe González Mateo
- Research Institute of La Paz (IdiPAZ), University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biology Research Centre Severo Ochoa, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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20
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Song LY, Ma YT, Fang WJ, He Y, Wu JL, Zuo SR, Deng ZZ, Wang SF, Liu SK. Inhibitory effects of oxymatrine on hepatic stellate cells activation through TGF-β/miR-195/Smad signaling pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:138. [PMID: 31221141 PMCID: PMC6585021 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxymatrine (OM), a quinolizidine alkaloid extracted from a herb Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, has been used to treat liver fibrotic diseases. However, the mechanism of its anti-fibrosis effects is still unclear. TGF-β/Smad signaling and miR-195 have been proved to paly an important role in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation and liver fibrosis. In this study, we investigated whether OM could inhibit HSCs activation through TGF-β1/miR-195/Smads signaling or not. METHODS First, the effects of OM on HSC-T6 in different concentrations and time points were tested by MTT assay. We choose three appropriate concentrations of OM as treatment concentrations in following experiment. By Quantitative Real-time PCR and Western Blot, then we investigated the effect of OM on miR-195, Smad7 and α-SMA's expressions to prove the correlation between OM and the TGF-β1/miR-195/Smads signaling. Last, miR-195 mimic and INF-γ were used to investigate the relation between miR-195 and OM in HSC activation. RESULTS Our results showed that the proliferation of HSC was significantly inhibited when OM concentration was higher than 200 μg/mL after 24 h, 100 μg/mL after 48 h and 10 μg/mL after 72 h. The IC50 of OM after 24, 48 and 72 h were 539, 454, 387 μg/mL respectively. OM could down-regulate miR-195 and α-SMA (P < 0.01), while up-regulate Smad7 (P < 0.05). In HSC-T6 cells transfected with miR-195 mimic and pretreated with OM, miR-195 and α-SMA were up-regulated (P < 0.05), and Smad7 was down-regulated (P < 0.05) . CONCLUSIONS Given these results, OM could inhibit TGF-β1 induced activation of HSC-T6 proliferation in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner to some extent. We proved that OM inhibited HSC activation through down-regulating the expression of miR-195 and up-regulating Smad7.
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21
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Ding Y, Li N, Sun J, Zhang L, Guo J, Hao X, Sun Y. Oxymatrine Inhibits Bocavirus MVC Replication, Reduces Viral Gene Expression and Decreases Apoptosis Induced by Viral Infection. Virol Sin 2019; 34:78-87. [PMID: 30805776 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OMT), as the main active component of Sophoraflavescens, exhibits a variety of pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-viral activities, and currently is extensively employed to treat viral hepatitis; however, its effects on parvovirus infection have yet to be reported. In the present study, we investigated the effects of OMT on cell viability, virus DNA replication, viral gene expression, cell cycle, and apoptosis in Walter Reed canine cells/3873D infected with minute virus of canines (MVC). OMT, at concentrations below 4 mmol/L(no cellular toxicity), was found to inhibit MVC DNA replication and reduce viral gene expression at both mRNA and protein levels, which was associated with the inhibition of cell cycle S-phase arrest in early-stage of MVC infection. Furthermore, OMT significantly increased cell viability, decreased MVC-infected cell apoptosis, and reduced the expression of activated caspase 3. Our results suggest that OMT has potential application in combating parvovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jinhan Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Linran Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xueqi Hao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yuning Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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22
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Li H, Huang MH, Jiang JD, Peng ZG. Hepatitis C: From inflammatory pathogenesis to anti-inflammatory/hepatoprotective therapy. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:5297-5311. [PMID: 30598575 PMCID: PMC6305530 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i47.5297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection commonly causes progressive liver diseases that deteriorate from chronic inflammation to fibrosis, cirrhosis and even to hepatocellular carcinoma. A long-term, persistent and uncontrolled inflammatory response is a hallmark of these diseases and further leads to hepatic injury and more severe disease progression. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines change with the states of infection and treatment, and therefore, they may serve as candidate biomarkers for disease progression and therapeutic effects. The mechanisms of HCV-induced inflammation involve classic pathogen pattern recognition, inflammasome activation, intrahepatic inflammatory cascade response, and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are the first-choice therapy for effectively eliminating HCV, but DAAs alone are not sufficient to block the uncontrolled inflammation and severe liver injury in HCV-infected individuals. Some patients who achieve a sustained virologic response after DAA therapy are still at a long-term risk for progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, coupling with anti-inflammatory/hepatoprotective agents with anti-HCV effects is a promising therapeutic regimen for these patients during or after treatment with DAAs. In this review, we discuss the relationship between inflammatory mediators and HCV infection, summarize the mechanisms of HCV-induced inflammation, and describe the potential roles of anti-inflammatory/hepatoprotective drugs with anti-HCV activity in the treatment of advanced HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meng-Hao Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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23
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Lou LL, Li W, Zhou BH, Chen L, Weng HZ, Zou YH, Tang GH, Bu XZ, Yin S. (+)-Isobicyclogermacrenal and spathulenol from Aristolochia yunnanensis alleviate cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting transforming growth factor β/small mother against decapentaplegic signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2018; 33:214-223. [PMID: 30375049 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis contributes to both systolic and diastolic dysfunction in many cardiac pathophysiologic conditions. Antifibrotic therapies are likely to be a crucial strategy in curbing many fibrosis-related cardiac diseases. In our previous study, an ethyl acetate extract of a traditional Chinese medicine Aristolochia yunnanensis Franch. was found to have a therapeutic effect on myocardial fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. However, the exact chemicals and their mechanisms responsible for the activity of the crude extract have not been illustrated yet. In the current study, 10 sesquiterpenoids (1-10) were isolated from the active extract, and their antifibrotic effects were systematically evaluated in transforming growth factor β 1 (TGFβ1)-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts and NIH3T3 fibrosis models. (+)-Isobicyclogermacrenal (1) and spathulenol (2) were identified as the main active components, being more potent than the well-known natural antifibrotic agent oxymatrine. Compounds 1 and 2 could inhibit the TGFβ1-induced cardiac fibroblasts proliferation and suppress the expression of the fibrosis biomarkers fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin via down-regulation of their mRNA levels. The mechanism study revealed that 1 and 2 could inhibit the phosphorylation of TGFβ type I receptor, leading to the decrease of the phosphorylation levels of downstream Smad2/3, then consequently blocking the nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 in the TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway. These findings suggest that 1 and 2 may serve as promising natural leads for the development of anticardiac fibrosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin-Hua Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han-Zhuang Weng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Hong Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Hua Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Zhang Bu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Hu Z, Qin F, Gao S, Zhen Y, Huang D, Dong L. Paeoniflorin exerts protective effect on radiation-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats via TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:1012-1021. [PMID: 29636890 PMCID: PMC5883141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of paeoniflorin (PAE) on radiation-induced hepatic fibrosis in a rat model. METHODS Fifty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to normal control group, hepatic fibrosis group, and PAE treatment groups. X-ray exposure was employed to establish radiation-induced hepatic fibrosis model. PAE was administered once daily, and rats were sacrificed at week 26 after irradiation. The liver histopathology was evaluated under a light microscope after HE staining and Masson staining. Meanwhile, the protein expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), Smad3/4 and Smad7 was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Radiation-induced liver damage and collagen deposition were observed in the model group as compared to normal control group, but PAE treatment significantly attenuated the liver injury and reduce collagen deposition (P<0.05 or 0.01). The hepatic hydroxyproline content and serum levels of TGF-β1, hyaluronic acid, ro-collagen type III and laminin markedly increased in model group as compared to control group (P<0.01), but they decreased dramatically after PAE treatment. The expression of TGF-β1, Smad3/4 and Smad7 in the liver increased significantly in model group as compared to control group (P<0.01), and PAE could down-regulate the expression of Smad3/4 and up-regulate Smad7 expression (P<0.05 or 0.01). The activities of serum amino-transferase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly higher in hepatic fibrosis group than in normal control group, but PAE treatment markedly reduced them (P<0.05). CONCLUSION PAE can inhibit the radiation induced hepatic fibrosis via regulating TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtao Hu
- Center of Cancer, The 105 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Clinical College of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Qin
- Department of Medical, The 81 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation ArmyNanjing 210002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shile Gao
- Center of Cancer, The 105 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Clinical College of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei 230032, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilan Zhen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei 230032, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dake Huang
- Synthetic Laboratory of Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuyi Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei 230032, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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Xu Y, Xiao H, Luo H, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Tao L, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Shen X. Inhibitory effects of oxymatrine on TGF‑β1‑induced proliferation and abnormal differentiation in rat cardiac fibroblasts via the p38MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5354-5362. [PMID: 28849213 PMCID: PMC5647068 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial fibrosis serves a causal role in the development of heart failure following acute and chronic myocardial infarction, and anti-fibrotic therapy represents a promising strategy to mitigate this pathological process. Oxymatrine (OMT) exerts a number of pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system, but its anti-cardiovascular disease mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of OMT administration on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced cardiac fibroblast (CFB) proliferation and abnormal differentiation, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Primary CFBs were isolated from neonatal rats and used for experimental treatments. TGF-β1 stimulation in CFBs resulted in increased proliferation, increased α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and type I and type III collagen expression, and increased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation. Treatment with OMT and SB431542 (a TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor) attenuated the proliferation and abnormal differentiation of CFBs induced by TGF-β1, and decreased p38MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, treatment with SB203580 (a p38MAPK inhibitor) or PD98059 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor), but not by SP600125 (a c-jun N-terminal kinase1/2/3 inhibitor), inhibited the TGF-β1 stimulated CFB proliferation, as well as the elevation of α-SMA and the deposition of type I and type III collagen, suggesting that ERK1/2 and p38MAPK signaling may be important in the in the process of myocardial fibrosis. In conclusion, the present study revealed that OMT treatment inhibited CFB proliferation and the CFB-myofibroblast transition induced by TGF-β1, at least in part through inhibition of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Hai Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Hong Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Ling Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing 102211, P.R. China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
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Duan Y, Zhu W, Liu M, Ashraf M, Xu M. The expression of Smad signaling pathway in myocardium and potential therapeutic effects. Histol Histopathol 2016; 32:651-659. [PMID: 27844469 DOI: 10.14670/hh-11-845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening disease. The expression of Smad proteins in the ischemic myocardium changes significantly following myocardial infarction, suggesting a close relationship between Smad proteins and heart remodeling. Moreover, it is known that the expression of Smads is regulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP). Based on these findings, regulating the expression of Smad proteins by targeting TGF-β and BMP in the ischemic myocardium may be considered to be a possible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Duan
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Zhao HW, Zhang ZF, Chai X, Li GQ, Cui HR, Wang HB, Meng YK, Liu HM, Wang JB, Li RS, Bai ZF, Xiao XH. Oxymatrine attenuates CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis via modulation of TLR4-dependent inflammatory and TGF-β1 signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:249-255. [PMID: 27179304 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OMT) is able to effectively protect against hepatic fibrosis because of its anti-inflammatory property, while the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. In this study, forty rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, model group (carbon tetrachloride, CCl4) and three OMT treatment groups (30, 60, 120mg/kg). After CCl4 alone, the fibrosis score was 20.2±0.8, and the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hydroxyproline content, and collagen I expression was elevated, but OMT blunted these parameters. Treatment with OMT prevented CCl4-induced increases in expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, meanwhile OMT promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic factors such as interleukin (IL)-10 and bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (Bambi). Moreover, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), which activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and modulate hepatic fibrogenesis through hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) or Kupffer cells, were significantly decreased by OMT treatment. These results were further supported by in vitro data. First, OMT suppressed the expression of TLR4 and its downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines, lowered the level of HMGB1, TGF-β1 in macrophages. Then, OMT promoted Bambi expression and thereby inhibited activation of HSCs mediated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. In conclusion, this study showed that OMT could effectively attenuate the CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis, and this effect may be due to modulation of TLR4-dependent inflammatory and TGF-β1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Zhao
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Zhen-Fang Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China; Chengde Medical College, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Xuan Chai
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China; Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Guang-Quan Li
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - He-Rong Cui
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China; Chengde Medical College, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Hong-Bo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ya-Kun Meng
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China; Chengde Medical College, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Jia-Bo Wang
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Rui-Sheng Li
- Animral Laboratory Center, 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhao-Fang Bai
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Xiao-He Xiao
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
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Lu ML, Xiang XH, Xia SH. Potential Signaling Pathways Involved in the Clinical Application of Oxymatrine. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1104-12. [PMID: 27165263 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxymatrine, an alkaloid component extracted from the roots of Sophora species, has been shown to have antiinflammatory, antifibrosis, and antitumor effects and the ability to protect against myocardial damage, etc. The potential signaling pathways involved in the clinical application of oxymatrine might include the TGF-β/Smad, toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, toll-like receptor9/TRAF6, Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt, delta-opioid receptor-arrestinl-Bcl-2, CD40, epidermal growth factor receptor, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathways, and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase/asymmetric dimethylarginine metabolism pathway. In this review, we summarize the recent investigations of the signaling pathways related to oxymatrine to provide clues and references for further studies on its clinical application. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Lu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xiang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Shi-Hai Xia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
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Liu L, Wang Y, Yan R, Li S, Shi M, Xiao Y, Guo B. Oxymatrine Inhibits Renal Tubular EMT Induced by High Glucose via Upregulation of SnoN and Inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151986. [PMID: 27010330 PMCID: PMC4807015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling has been shown to play a critical role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The nuclear transcription co-repressor Ski-related novel protein N (SnoN) is an important negative regulator of TGF-β1/Smad signal transduction, and subsequent biological responses including tubule epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix accumulation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Oxymatrine (OM) is an alkaloid extracted from the Chinese herb Sophora japonica and has been demonstrated to prevent fibrosis. However, the anti-fibrosis effect of OM in DN is still unclear. In this study, we cultured normal rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK52Es) in high glucose and high glucose plus OM, and detected the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA, FN, TGF-β1, SnoN, Arkadia, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 and poly-ubiquitination of SnoN. The results showed that E-cadherin and SnoN expression in NRK52Es decreased significantly, but poly-ubiquitination of SnoN, TGF-β1, α-SMA, FN, Arkadia, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 expression significantly increased due to high glucose stimulation, which could be almost completely reversed by OM, suggesting that OM may alleviate EMT induced by high glucose via upregulating SnoN expression and inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway activation. Hence, OM could be a novel therapeutic for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Liu
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Schon HT, Bartneck M, Borkham-Kamphorst E, Nattermann J, Lammers T, Tacke F, Weiskirchen R. Pharmacological Intervention in Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Hepatic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:33. [PMID: 26941644 PMCID: PMC4764688 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation and transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into contractile, matrix-producing myofibroblasts (MFBs) are central events in hepatic fibrogenesis. These processes are driven by autocrine- and paracrine-acting soluble factors (i.e., cytokines and chemokines). Proof-of-concept studies of the last decades have shown that both the deactivation and removal of hepatic MFBs as well as antagonizing profibrogenic factors are in principle suitable to attenuate ongoing hepatic fibrosis. Although several drugs show potent antifibrotic activities in experimental models of hepatic fibrosis, there is presently no effective pharmaceutical intervention specifically approved for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Pharmaceutical interventions are generally hampered by insufficient supply of drugs to the diseased liver tissue and/or by adverse effects as a result of affecting non-target cells. Therefore, targeted delivery systems that bind specifically to receptors solely expressed on activated HSCs or transdifferentiated MFBs and delivery systems that can improve drug distribution to the liver in general are urgently needed. In this review, we summarize current strategies for targeted delivery of drugs to the liver and in particular to pro-fibrogenic liver cells. The applicability and efficacy of sequestering molecules, selective protein carriers, lipid-based drug vehicles, viral vectors, transcriptional targeting approaches, therapeutic liver- and HSC-specific nanoparticles, and miRNA-based strategies are discussed. Some of these delivery systems that had already been successfully tested in experimental animal models of ongoing hepatic fibrogenesis are expected to translate into clinically useful therapeutics specifically targeting HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Theo Schon
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Bartneck
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany
| | - Erawan Borkham-Kamphorst
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen Aachen, Germany
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen Aachen, Germany
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Tang PMK, Lan HY. MicroRNAs in TGF-β/Smad-mediated Tissue Fibrosis. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-014-0060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Giannitrapani L, Soresi M, Bondì ML, Montalto G, Cervello M. Nanotechnology applications for the therapy of liver fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7242-7251. [PMID: 24966595 PMCID: PMC4064070 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i23.7242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases represent a major global health problem both for their high prevalence worldwide and, in the more advanced stages, for the limited available curative treatment options. In fact, when lesions of different etiologies chronically affect the liver, triggering the fibrogenesis mechanisms, damage has already occurred and the progression of fibrosis will have a major clinical impact entailing severe complications, expensive treatments and death in end-stage liver disease. Despite significant advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of liver fibrinogenesis, the drugs used in liver fibrosis treatment still have a limited therapeutic effect. Many drugs showing potent antifibrotic activities in vitro often exhibit only minor effects in vivo because insufficient concentrations accumulate around the target cell and adverse effects result as other non-target cells are affected. Hepatic stellate cells play a critical role in liver fibrogenesis , thus they are the target cells of antifibrotic therapy. The application of nanoparticles has emerged as a rapidly evolving area for the safe delivery of various therapeutic agents (including drugs and nucleic acid) in the treatment of various pathologies, including liver disease. In this review, we give an overview of the various nanotechnology approaches used in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Effect of Sophora flavescens on the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 37:1617-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chai NL, Fu Q, Shi H, Cai CH, Wan J, Xu SP, Wu BY. Oxymatrine liposome attenuates hepatic fibrosis via targeting hepatic stellate cells. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:4199-206. [PMID: 22919254 PMCID: PMC3422802 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i31.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the potential mechanism of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide-labeled liposome loading oxymatrine (OM) therapy in CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats.
METHODS: We constructed a rat model of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis and treated the rats with different formulations of OM. To evaluate the antifibrotic effect of OM, we detected levels of alkaline phosphatase, hepatic histopathology (hematoxylin and eosin stain and Masson staining) and fibrosis-related gene expression of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 as well as type I procollagen via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. To detect cell viability and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), we performed 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-diphenytetrazoliumromide assay and flow cytometry. To reinforce the combination of oxymatrine with HSCs, we constructed fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated Arg-Gly-Asp peptide-labeled liposomes loading OM, and its targeting of HSCs was examined by fluorescent microscopy.
RESULTS: OM attenuated CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis, as defined by reducing serum alkaline phosphatase (344.47 ± 27.52 U/L vs 550.69 ± 43.78 U/L, P < 0.05), attenuating liver injury and improving collagen deposits (2.36% ± 0.09% vs 7.70% ± 0.60%, P < 0.05) and downregulating fibrosis-related gene expression, that is, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and type I procollagen (P < 0.05). OM inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis of HSCs in vitro. RGD promoted OM targeting of HSCs and enhanced the therapeutic effect of OM in terms of serum alkaline phosphatase (272.51 ± 19.55 U/L vs 344.47 ± 27.52 U/L, P < 0.05), liver injury, collagen deposits (0.26% ± 0.09% vs 2.36% ± 0.09%, P < 0.05) and downregulating fibrosis-related gene expression, that is, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and type I procollagen (P < 0.05). Moreover, in vitro assay demonstrated that RGD enhanced the effect of OM on HSC viability and apoptosis.
CONCLUSION: OM attenuated hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting viability and inducing apoptosis of HSCs. The RGD-labeled formulation enhanced the targeting efficiency for HSCs and the therapeutic effect.
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Effect of oxymatrine on hepatic gene expression profile in experimental liver fibrosis of rats. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 18:445-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fan DL, Zhao WJ, Wang YX, Han SY, Guo S. Oxymatrine inhibits collagen synthesis in keloid fibroblasts via inhibition of transforming growth factor-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Int J Dermatol 2012; 51:463-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05234.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Roderburg C, Mollnow T, Bongaerts B, Elfimova N, Vargas Cardenas D, Berger K, Zimmermann H, Koch A, Vucur M, Luedde M, Hellerbrand C, Odenthal M, Trautwein C, Tacke F, Luedde T. Micro-RNA profiling in human serum reveals compartment-specific roles of miR-571 and miR-652 in liver cirrhosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32999. [PMID: 22412969 PMCID: PMC3296762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as crucial modulators of molecular processes involved in chronic liver diseases. The few miRNAs with previously proposed roles in liver cirrhosis were identified in screening approaches on liver parenchyma, mostly in rodent models. Therefore, in the present study we performed a systematic screening approach in order to identify miRNAs with altered levels in the serum of patients with chronic liver disease and liver cirrhosis. METHODS We performed a systematic, array-based miRNA expression analysis on serum samples from patients with liver cirrhosis. In functional experiments we evaluated the relationship between alterations of miRNA serum levels and their role in distinct cellular compartments involved in hepatic cirrhosis. RESULTS The array analysis and the subsequent confirmation by qPCR in a larger patient cohort identified significant alterations in serum levels of miR-513-3p, miR-571 and miR-652, three previously uncharacterized miRNAs, in patients with alcoholic or hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis. Of these, miR-571 serum levels closely correlated with disease stages, thus revealing potential as a novel biomarker for hepatic cirrhosis. Further analysis revealed that up-regulation of miR-571 in serum reflected a concordant regulation in cirrhotic liver tissue. In isolated primary human liver cells, miR-571 was up-regulated in human hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells in response to the pro-fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β. In contrast, alterations in serum levels of miR-652 were stage-independent, reflecting a concordant down-regulation of this miRNA in circulating monocytes of patients with liver cirrhosis, which was inducible by proinflammatory stimuli like bacterial lipopolysaccharide. CONCLUSION Alterations of miR571 and miR-652 serum levels in patients with chronic liver disease reflect their putative roles in the mediation of fibrogenic and inflammatory processes in distinct cellular compartments involved in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Mollnow
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Brenda Bongaerts
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Elfimova
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Berger
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henning Zimmermann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Luedde
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Zheng B, Tan L, Mo X, Yu W, Wang Y, Tucker-Kellogg L, Welsch RE, So PTC, Yu H. Predicting in vivo anti-hepatofibrotic drug efficacy based on in vitro high-content analysis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26230. [PMID: 22073152 PMCID: PMC3206809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Many anti-fibrotic drugs with high in vitro efficacies fail to produce significant effects in vivo. The aim of this work is to use a statistical approach to design a numerical predictor that correlates better with in vivo outcomes. Methods High-content analysis (HCA) was performed with 49 drugs on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) LX-2 stained with 10 fibrotic markers. ∼0.3 billion feature values from all cells in >150,000 images were quantified to reflect the drug effects. A systematic literature search on the in vivo effects of all 49 drugs on hepatofibrotic rats yields 28 papers with histological scores. The in vivo and in vitro datasets were used to compute a single efficacy predictor (Epredict). Results We used in vivo data from one context (CCl4 rats with drug treatments) to optimize the computation of Epredict. This optimized relationship was independently validated using in vivo data from two different contexts (treatment of DMN rats and prevention of CCl4 induction). A linear in vitro-in vivo correlation was consistently observed in all the three contexts. We used Epredict values to cluster drugs according to efficacy; and found that high-efficacy drugs tended to target proliferation, apoptosis and contractility of HSCs. Conclusions The Epredict statistic, based on a prioritized combination of in vitro features, provides a better correlation between in vitro and in vivo drug response than any of the traditional in vitro markers considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixue Zheng
- Computation and Systems Biology Program, Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Looling Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuejun Mo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weimiao Yu
- Imaging Informatics Division, Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Central Imaging Facility, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University Affiliated Zhujiang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisa Tucker-Kellogg
- Computation and Systems Biology Program, Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roy E. Welsch
- Computation and Systems Biology Program, Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Engineering Systems Division, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter T. C. So
- Computation and Systems Biology Program, Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSyM, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hanry Yu
- Computation and Systems Biology Program, Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSyM, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Tissue-Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shen XC, Yang YP, Xiao TT, Peng J, Liu XD. Protective effect of oxymatrine on myocardial fibrosis induced by acute myocardial infarction in rats involved in TGF-β₁-Smads signal pathway. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2011; 13:215-224. [PMID: 21409682 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2010.550883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxymatrine (1), a component extracted from a traditional Chinese herb Sophora japonica (Sophora flavescens Ait.), has been demonstrated to have a variety of pharmacological actions. Abundant experimental evidence indicates that 1 may exert a protective effect on the cardiovascular system. This study was designed to explore the possible role of 1 against myocardial fibrosis induced by acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its modulation on transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β(1))-Smads signaling pathways. Rats with AMI induced by ligation of left anterior descending branch were randomly assigned to receive 1 50 and 25 mg/kg intragastrically, and model group which were further compared with sham-operated group, and positive group treated with captopril. The effects of 4-week therapy with 1 starting 24 h after infarction had been investigated based on (1) hemodynamics, (2) tissue weights, (3) biochemical indicator (hydroxyproline contents in left ventricle), and (4) TGF-β(1), TGF-β(1) receptor (TβR(1)), Smad3, Smad4, Smad7, Col1, and Col3 expression by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Treatment with 1 significantly ameliorated hemodynamics, inhibited the expression of TβR(1) mRNA and Smad3 mRNA, and reduced the left ventricle weight/body weight. The results of this research indicated that 1 might protect against myocardial fibrosis and the mechanism may be involved in modulating TGF-β(1)-Smads signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Chun Shen
- Research Division of Pharmacology, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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Shimada H, Staten NR, Rajagopalan LE. TGF-β1 mediated activation of Rho kinase induces TGF-β2 and endothelin-1 expression in human hepatic stellate cells. J Hepatol 2011; 54:521-8. [PMID: 21087804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS TGF-β1 a key pro-fibrotic factor activates signaling via the canonical ALK/SMAD as well as the Rho GTPase pathways. Rho kinase is a major downstream effector of Rho GTPase signaling. To understand the contribution of Rho kinase activation towards the synthesis of fibrotic mediators by hepatic stellate cells (HSC), we first profiled activated HSC and fibrotic liver tissues to identify common transcripts that were most significantly up-regulated across all samples. We then applied a pharmacologic as well as a genomics approach in a TGF-β1 activated human HSC line (LX-2) to study the involvement of Rho kinase signaling in the expression of a subset of these up-regulated fibrotic genes. METHODS Total RNA was profiled using microarray chips. Data analysis was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. LX-2 cells were activated with 10 ng/ml of TGF-β1 for 24 h. Activation of downstream pathways was assessed by Western blotting with phospho-specific target biomarker antibodies. Targeted knockdown of Rho kinase isoforms 1 and 2 was achieved with RNAi. Secreted levels of endothelin-1, TGF-β2, and thrombospondin-1 were measured by ELISA. RESULTS TGF-β1 activated Rho kinase and Smad pathways in LX-2 cells. The syntheses of endothelin-1 and TGF-β2 were significantly inhibited in TGF-β1 treated LX-2 cells, by isoform non-selective Rho kinase inhibitors. siRNA knockdown of each isoform suggested that endothelin-1 synthesis was largely mediated by the Rho kinase-1 isoform, while both isoforms contributed to the synthesis of TGF-β2. CONCLUSIONS The TGF-β1 mediated secretion of endothelin-1 and TGF-β2 is mediated by Rho kinase activation in human HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Shimada
- Inflammation Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
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Su LT, Xia SH, Zheng YQ. Treatment with oxymatrine down-regulates TGFβRII expression in chronic pancreatitis in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:121-125. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of treatment with oxymatrine on the expression of transforming growth factor β1 type II receptor (TGFβRII) in chronic pancreatitis (CP) in rats and to explore the potential anti-fibrotic mechanism of oxymatrine.
METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly and equally assigned to four groups: negative control group (NC), CP group, oxymatrine treatment group (OT), and oxymatrine prevention group (OP). Each group was further divided into two subgroups for detection at different time points. Except the NC group, pancreatic fibrosis was induced in rats of the other groups by intraperitoneal injections of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC 700 mg/kg). Preventive and therapeutic oxymatrine (100 mg/kg) was given to rats of the OT and OP group, respectively. Pancreatic tissue samples were taken for HE and Masson staining to evaluate histological alterations. The expression of TGFβRII in pancreatic tissue was detected by Western blot.
RESULTS: The contents of collagen fibers in the CP group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (day 20: 22.54% ± 4.45% vs 13.16% ± 1.84%, 19.58% ± 2.78%, 2.45% ± 0.24%; day 40: 35.14% ± 3.27% vs 25.14% ± 3.67%, 28.68% ± 2.55%, 3.0% ± 0.32%; all P < 0.05), and the percentages of collagen area in the OP and OT groups on day 40 were significantly higher than those on day 20 (25.14% ± 3.67% vs 13.16% ± 1.84%; 28.68% ± 2.55% vs 19.58% ± 2.78%; all P < 0.05) The expression level of TGFβRII in the CP group was significantly higher than those in the other groups (day 20: 0.74 ± 0.05 vs 0.47 ± 0.03, 0.61 ± 0.03, 0.21 ± 0.02; day 40: 1.01 ± 0.14 vs 0.64 ± 0.08, 0.75 ± 0.04, 0.23 ± 0.03; all P < 0.05). The expression levels of TGFβRII in the OP and OT groups on day 40 were significantly higher than those on day 20 (0.64 ± 0.08 vs 0.47 ± 0.03; 0.75 ± 0.04 vs 0.61 ± 0.03; all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Treatment with oxymatrine exerts beneficial effects against CP possibly by inhibiting TGFβRII signaling.
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Zhou J, Zhong DW, Wang QW, Miao XY, Xu XD. Paclitaxel ameliorates fibrosis in hepatic stellate cells via inhibition of TGF-beta/Smad activity. World J Gastroenterol 2010. [PMID: 20614491 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.16.3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigated if paclitaxel can attenuate hepatic fibrosis in rat hepatic stellate cells (RHSCs). METHODS RHSCs were cultured in vitro and randomly assigned to four groups: normal control group (treated only with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium), Taxol group (200 nmol/L paclitaxel was added to the cell culture), transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta group (5 ng/mL recombinant human TGF-beta1 was added to the cell culture), and TGF-beta + Taxol group. TGF-beta signaling cascade and status of various extracellular matrix proteins were evaluated by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. RESULTS The paclitaxel treatment markedly suppressed Smad2/3 phosphorylation. This was associated with attenuated expression of collagen I and III and fibronectin in RHSCs. CONCLUSION These data indicate that 200 nmol/L paclitaxel ameliorates hepatic fibrosis via modulating TGF-beta signaling, and that paclitaxel may have some therapeutic value in humans with hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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Zhou J, Zhong DW, Wang QW, Miao XY, Xu XD. Paclitaxel ameliorates fibrosis in hepatic stellate cells via inhibition of TGF-β/Smad activity. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:3330-4. [PMID: 20614491 PMCID: PMC2900727 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i26.3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigated if paclitaxel can attenuate hepatic fibrosis in rat hepatic stellate cells (RHSCs).
METHODS: RHSCs were cultured in vitro and randomly assigned to four groups: normal control group (treated only with Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium), Taxol group (200 nmol/L paclitaxel was added to the cell culture), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β group (5 ng/mL recombinant human TGF-β1 was added to the cell culture), and TGF-β + Taxol group. TGF-β signaling cascade and status of various extracellular matrix proteins were evaluated by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.
RESULTS: The paclitaxel treatment markedly suppressed Smad2/3 phosphorylation. This was associated with attenuated expression of collagen I and III and fibronectin in RHSCs.
CONCLUSION: These data indicate that 200 nmol/L paclitaxel ameliorates hepatic fibrosis via modulating TGF-β signaling, and that paclitaxel may have some therapeutic value in humans with hepatic fibrosis.
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Ouyang CH, Zhu X, Zhang KH, Dai Y, Chen J, He WH, Li B, Li BM. Effects of ursolic acid on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin in fibrotic liver in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:2237-2243. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i22.2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To observe the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA and protein and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein in liver tissue of rats with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis, and explore the mechanism underlying their anti-fibrotic effects.
METHODS: After liver fibrosis in rats was induced by DMN for four weeks, rats were given different doses of UA, colchicine and placebo for another four weeks by intraperitoneal injection. Hepatic lobule constitution, hepatic cell necrosis and fibrous tissue hyperplasia were observed by HE and VG staining. The levels of TGF-β1 and α-SMA proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The expression of TGF-β1 mRNA was measured by RT-PCR.
RESULTS: The degree of hepatic cell necrosis and fibrous tissue hyperplasia was decreased markedly in rats treated with UA. The expression levels of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein and α-SMA protein in the model control group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (8.76 ± 1.47 vs 1.48 ± 0.24, 0.60 ± 0.11 vs 0.05 ± 0.02 and 0.51 ± 0.10 vs 0.09 ± 0.02, respectively; all P < 0.01). The expression levels of TGF-β1 protein in the U1 (low-dose UA) group and colchine group were lower than those in the model control group, while the expression levels of TGF-β1 protein in the U2 (medium-dose UA) and U3 (high-dose UA) groups were not only significantly lower than that in the model control group (5.32 ± 1.63 and 3.98 ± 0.67 vs 8.76 ± 1.47, both P < 0.01), but also lower than that in the colchine group (7.14 ± 1.29, P < 0.05 or 0.01). Furthermore, the expression levels of TGF-β1 mRNA in the U2 and U3 groups were lower than those in the model control group (0.36 ± 0.07 and 0.25 ± 0.06 vs 0.60 ± 0.11, both P < 0.01) and colchine group (0.47 ± 0.10, P < 0.05 or 0.01). The expression levels of α-SMA protein in the U1, U2 and U3 groups were significantly lower than those in the model control group (0.36 ± 0.08, 0.23 ± 0.02 and 0.15 ± 0.03 vs 0.51±0.10, all P < 0.01) and colchine group (0.43 ± 0.05, all P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: UA significantly ameliorates DMN-induced liver fibrosis perhaps through activation of HSC and downregulation of TGF-β1 expression.
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