1
|
Moraes JR, Barrinha A, Gonçalves de Lima LS, Vidal JC, Costa Catta-Preta CM, de Souza W, Zuma AA, Motta MCM. Endosymbiosis in trypanosomatids: The bacterium division depends on microtubule dynamism. Exp Cell Res 2024; 440:114126. [PMID: 38857838 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Microtubules are components of the cytoskeleton that perform essential functions in eukaryotes, such as those related to shape change, motility and cell division. In this context some characteristics of these filaments are essential, such as polarity and dynamic instability. In trypanosomatids, microtubules are integral to ultrastructure organization, intracellular transport and mitotic processes. Some species of trypanosomatids co-evolve with a symbiotic bacterium in a mutualistic association that is marked by extensive metabolic exchanges and a coordinated division of the symbiont with other cellular structures, such as the nucleus and the kinetoplast. It is already established that the bacterium division is microtubule-dependent, so in this work, it was investigated whether the dynamism and remodeling of these filaments is capable of affecting the prokaryote division. To this purpose, Angomonas deanei was treated with Trichostatin A (TSA), a deacetylase inhibitor, and mutant cells for histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) were obtained by CRISPR-Cas9. A decrease in proliferation, an enhancement in tubulin acetylation, as well as morphological and ultrastructural changes, were observed in TSA-treated protozoa and mutant cells. In both cases, symbiont filamentation occurred, indicating that prokaryote cell division is dependent on microtubule dynamism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Ribeiro Moraes
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão (CPMP), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, 21491-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Azuil Barrinha
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão (CPMP), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, 21491-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luan Santana Gonçalves de Lima
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão (CPMP), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, 21491-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cunha Vidal
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão (CPMP), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, 21491-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Moura Costa Catta-Preta
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão (CPMP), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, 21491-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão (CPMP), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, 21491-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Araujo Zuma
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão (CPMP), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, 21491-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Maria Cristina M Motta
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão (CPMP), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, 21491-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sogutlu F, Pekerbas M, Biray Avci C. Epigenetic signatures in gastric cancer: current knowledge and future perspectives. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:1063-1075. [PMID: 36522183 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2159381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world and accounts for 7.7% of all cancer-related deaths. Early diagnosis of GC is critical in terms of prognosis, and aberrations at the molecular level, especially epigenetic alterations, manifest much earlier than histological findings. In recent years, there has been a great deal of research on the epigenomic profile of GC, and epigenetic alterations seem to play a more important role than genetic factors. With the introduction of epigenetic drugs into clinical use in the last decade, the importance of the epigenetic background of GC has increased considerably. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize the role of methylation changes, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of GC and how these signatures can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in clinical management. EXPERT OPINION Epigenetic alterations take place before most genetic aberrations observed in GC and may have an initiating role in the pathogenesis of GC. They can be used as biomarkers in risk calculation, early diagnosis, and evaluation of prognosis of GC, as well as treatment targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Sogutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mert Pekerbas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Oliveira Santos J, Zuma AA, de Souza W, Motta MCM. Tubastatin A, a deacetylase inhibitor, as a tool to study the division, cell cycle and microtubule cytoskeleton of trypanosomatids. Eur J Protistol 2021; 80:125821. [PMID: 34144311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan of great medical interest since it is the causative agent of Chagas disease, an endemic condition in Latin America. This parasite undergoes epigenetic events, such as phosphorylation, methylation and acetylation, which play a role in several cellular processes including replication, transcription and gene expression. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are involved in chromatin compaction and post-translational modifications of cytoplasmic proteins, such as tubulin. Tubastatin A (TST) is a specific HDAC6 inhibitor that affects cell growth and promotes structural modifications in cancer cells and parasites. In the present study, we demonstrated that T. cruzi epimastigote cell proliferation and viability are reduced after 72 h of TST treatment. The results obtained through different microscopy methodologies suggest that this inhibitor impairs the polymerization dynamics of cytoskeleton microtubules, generating protozoa displaying atypical morphology and cellular patterns that include polynucleated parasites. Furthermore, the microtubules of treated protozoa were more intensely acetylated, especially at the anterior portion of the cell body. A cell cycle analysis demonstrated an increase in the number of trypanosomatids in the G2/M phase. Together, our results suggest that TST should be explored as a tool to study trypanosomatid cell biology, including microtubule cytoskeleton dynamics, and as an antiparasitic drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, 21491-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia e Núcleo de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens - CENABIO, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Araujo Zuma
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, 21491-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia e Núcleo de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens - CENABIO, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, 21491-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia e Núcleo de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens - CENABIO, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina M Motta
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, 21491-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia e Núcleo de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens - CENABIO, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zou XG, Li J, Sun PL, Fan YW, Yang JY, Deng ZY. Orbitides isolated from flaxseed induce apoptosis against SGC-7901 adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:929-939. [PMID: 32281434 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1750573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Unique plant-derived cyclic peptides family exhibiting various key biological activities has great possibility for anticancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the effects of orbitides isolated from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) on the growth of SGC-7901 cancer cells and the potential mechanism. Results showed that flaxseed orbitides killed off cancer cells by inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, which was confirmed by the appearance of nuclear shrinkage and DNA fragmentation, and the inhibitory effect was stronger than that of pure orbitide [1-9-NαC]-linusorb B2 or [1-9-NαC]-linusorb B3. Besides, the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related protein cytochrome C (Cyt C) was released from mitochondria to cytosol, associated with the activation of caspases 9 and 3, and the cleavage of PARP. Taken together, these results indicated that flaxseed orbitides induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, releasing Cyt C, increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and elevating the expression of cleaved caspase 9 and 3 in SGC-7901 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Guo Zou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pei-Long Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian-Yuan Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Calcagno DQ, Wisnieski F, Mota ERDS, Maia de Sousa SB, Costa da Silva JM, Leal MF, Gigek CO, Santos LC, Rasmussen LT, Assumpção PP, Burbano RR, Smith MAC. Role of histone acetylation in gastric cancer: implications of dietetic compounds and clinical perspectives. Epigenomics 2019; 11:349-362. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications regulate the structural status of chromatin and thereby influence the transcriptional status of genes. These processes are controlled by the recruitment of different enzymes to a specific genomic site. Furthermore, obtaining an understanding of these mechanisms could help delineate alternative treatment and preventive strategies for cancer. For example, in gastric cancer, cholecalciferol, curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, garcinol and sodium butyrate are natural regulators of acetylation and deacetylation enzyme activity that exert chemopreventive and anticancer effects. Here, we review the recent findings on histone acetylation in gastric cancer and discuss the effects of nutrients and bioactive compounds on histone acetylation and their potential role in the prevention and treatment of this type of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Q Calcagno
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química Medicinal e Modelagem Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde/Oncologia, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Elizangela R da Silva Mota
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química Medicinal e Modelagem Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Stefanie B Maia de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana F Leal
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina O Gigek
- Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo C Santos
- Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas T Rasmussen
- Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo P Assumpção
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rommel R Burbano
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Marília AC Smith
- Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun MY, Zhang H, Tao J, Ni ZH, Wu QX, Tang QF. Expression and biological function of rhotekin in gastric cancer through regulating p53 pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1069-1080. [PMID: 30774435 PMCID: PMC6354689 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s185345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Gastric cancer (GC) is one of a most threatening cancer globally. Rhotekin (RTKN), a Rho effector, has been reported to be upregulated in GC tissues. This study aimed to investigate the underlying regulatory roles of RTKN in the biological behavior of GC. Methods Real-time PCR and Western blotting were carried out to detect the mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 and xenograft nude mice model were used to evaluate cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis. Results RTKN had high expression level in GC compared with normal tissues. RTKN expression strongly associated with tumor size, TNM stage, lymphnode metastasis and the poor prognosis of patients with GC. Downregulation of RTKN significantly repressed GC cell proliferation, but increased cell population in G1/S phase and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, the RTKN expression level was related to the p53 signaling pathway and histone deacetylase (HDAC) Class I pathway. RTKN knockdown caused a notable increment in the acetylation level of p53 (Lys382), and the expression of p53-target genes (p21, Bax, and PUMA), as well as a reduction in the expression of a potential deacetylase for p53, HDAC1. Notably, downregulation of HDAC1 had similar effects as RTKN knockdown, and RTKN overexpression could hardly abrogate the effects of HDAC1 knockdown on GC cells. Conclusion RTKN could work as an oncogene via regulating HDAC1/p53 and may become a promising treatment strategy for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yao Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China,
| | - Hong Zhang
- Center for Innovative Chinese Medicine Research, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China,
| | - Zhen-Hua Ni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China,
| | - Qiu-Xue Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China,
| | - Qing-Feng Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Trichostatin A induces Trypanosoma cruzi histone and tubulin acetylation: effects on cell division and microtubule cytoskeleton remodelling. Parasitology 2018; 146:543-552. [PMID: 30421693 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182018001828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, is a public health concern in Latin America. Epigenetic events, such as histone acetylation, affect DNA topology, replication and gene expression. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in chromatin compaction and post-translational modifications of cytoplasmic proteins, such as tubulin. HDAC inhibitors, like trichostatin A (TSA), inhibit tumour cell proliferation and promotes ultrastructural modifications. In the present study, TSA effects on cell proliferation, viability, cell cycle and ultrastructure were evaluated, as well as on histone acetylation and tubulin expression of the T. cruzi epimastigote form. Protozoa proliferation and viability were reduced after treatment with TSA. Quantitative proteomic analyses revealed an increase in histone acetylation after 72 h of TSA treatment. Surprisingly, results obtained by different microscopy methodologies indicate that TSA does not affect chromatin compaction, but alters microtubule cytoskeleton dynamics and impair kDNA segregation, generating polynucleated cells with atypical morphology. Confocal fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry assays indicated that treated cell microtubules were more intensely acetylated. Increases in tubulin acetylation may be directly related to the higher number of parasites in the G2/M phase after TSA treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that deacetylase inhibitors represent excellent tools for understanding trypanosomatid cell biology.
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Zhang L, Yang C, Li R, Shang L, Zou X. Bioinformatic identification of candidate genes induced by trichostatin A in BGC-823 gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:777-783. [PMID: 28356958 PMCID: PMC5351205 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the candidate genes induced by trichostatin A (TSA) in BGC-823 gastric cancer (GC) cells and to explore the possible inhibition mechanism of TSA in GC. Gene expression data were obtained through chip detection, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between GC cells treated with TSA and untreated GC cells (control group) were identified. Gene ontology analysis of the DEGs was performed using the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery. Then sub-pathway enrichment analysis was performed and a microRNA (miRNA) regulatory network was constructed. We selected 76 DEGs, among which 43 were downregulated genes and 33 were upregulated genes. By sub-pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs, the propanoate metabolism pathway was selected as the sub-pathway. By constructing a miRNA regulatory network, we identified that DKK1 and KLF13 were the top hub nodes. The propanoate metabolism pathway and the genes DKK1 and KLF13 may play significant roles in the inhibition of GC induced by TSA. These genes may be potential therapeutic targets for GC. However, further experiments are still required to confirm our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Lisha Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Chunfa Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Riheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Longbin Shang
- Department of Surgery, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Acheng, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li YL, Cui W, Gao F, Cao ZG, Li XL, Zhou WX. Downregulation of growth differentiation factor-15 in trichostatin A-induced apoptosis could play a role in progression of gastric cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:8136-8142. [PMID: 26339382 PMCID: PMC4555710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of trichostatin A (TSA) on gastric cancer cell line BGC-823, and identify the differentially expressed genes induced by TSA, which might participate in the progression of gastric cancer. METHODS MTT, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry were used to detect the effect of TSA on growth inhibition and apoptosis of BGC-823 cells. Using gene microarray, we analyzed the changes in gene expression. Change in growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) was verified by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The expression of GDF-15 in gastric cancer and adjacent normal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Apoptosis of BGC-823 cells induced by TSA (75 ng/mL for 48 h) was demonstrated by flow cytometry. There were significant variations between TSA treated groups and control groups (P = 0.02). Nuclear chromatin condensation and fluorescence intensity were observed by fluorescence microscopy. GDF-15 gene expression and protein level were significantly reduced in the TSA treated group (75 ng/mL for 48 h). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the expression of GDF-15 in gastric adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than in the surrounding normal tissues (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Lower GDF-15 gene expression due to TSA-induced apoptosis was found in gastric cancer cell line BGC-823. Higher GDF-15 gene expression was seen in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Long Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wu Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Xue Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Endoscopic Raman Spectroscopy for Molecular Fingerprinting of Gastric Cancer: Principle to Implementation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:670121. [PMID: 26106612 PMCID: PMC4461730 DOI: 10.1155/2015/670121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, positive endoscopic biopsy is the standard criterion for gastric cancer diagnosis but is invasive, often inconsistent, and delayed although early detection and early treatment is the most important policy. Raman spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique based on inelastic scattering of monochromatic light. Raman spectrum represents molecular composition of the interrogated volume providing a direct molecular fingerprint. Several investigations revealed that Raman spectroscopy can differentiate normal, dysplastic, and adenocarcinoma gastric tissue with high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, this technique can indentify malignant ulcer and showed the capability to analyze the carcinogenesis process. Automated on-line Raman spectral diagnostic system raised possibility to use Raman spectroscopy in clinical field. Raman spectroscopy can be applied in many fields such as guiding a target biopsy, optical biopsy in bleeding prone situation, and delineating the margin of the lesion. With wide field technology, Raman spectroscopy is expected to have specific role in our future clinical field.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ruan WM, Li YL, Nie G, Zhou WX, Zou XM. Differential expression of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) involved in trichostatin A-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:4857-4866. [PMID: 25663982 PMCID: PMC4307429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of trichostatin A (TSA) on the gastric cancer cell line BGC-823. The effect of TSA on growth inhibition and apoptosis of BGC-823 cells was examined. The gene expression profile was determined by microarray. Western blotting was used to study the levels of acetylated histone H4 and Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) proteins. GPNMB gene expression was measured by real-time PCR. GPNMB protein levels in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and adjoining normal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that a significant decrease in cell population following treatment with 75 ng/mL TSA for 48 h (0.87 ± 0.04) as compared to control (1.14 ± 0.06) (P = 0.02). Apoptotic cells were increased in TSA (75 ng/mL for 48 h) treated group as compared to the control group (from 2.02% to 19.74%) by flow cytometry. The expression of acetylated histone H4 was increased in TSA treated (75 ng/mL for 48 h) group (from 1.00 ± 0.26 to 1.87 ± 0.33, F = 5.862, P = 0.0038) as compared to the control group by Western blotting. After 48 h TSA treatment (75 ng/mL), BGC-823 cells showed decrease in GPNMB gene expression (from 1.00 ± 0.21 to 0.59 ± 0.11, F = 6.214, P = 0.0018). Immunohistochemistry showed that GPNMB expression in gastric adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than the adjoining normal tissues (P = 0.000). To conclusion, our results support that TSA can induce apoptosis, and increase acetylated histone H4 in BGC-823 cells. GPNMB expression is decreased in BGC-823 cells after TSA treatment. GPNMB is overexpressed in gastric adenocarcinoma tissue. GPNMB involved in TSA-induced apoptosis might participate in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Ruan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yun-Long Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Gang Nie
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Xue Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wisnieski F, Calcagno DQ, Leal MF, Chen ES, Gigek CO, Santos LC, Pontes TB, Rasmussen LT, Payão SLM, Assumpção PP, Lourenço LG, Demachki S, Artigiani R, Burbano RR, Smith MC. Differential expression of histone deacetylase and acetyltransferase genes in gastric cancer and their modulation by trichostatin A. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6373-81. [PMID: 24668547 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is still the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, even though its incidence and mortality have declined over the recent few decades. Epigenetic control using histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as trichostatin A (TSA), is a promising cancer therapy. This study aimed to assess the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of three histone deacetylases (HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3), two histone acetyltransferases (GCN5 and PCAF), and two possible targets of these histone modifiers (MYC and CDKN1A) in 50 matched pairs of gastric tumors and corresponding adjacent nontumors samples from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, as well as their correlations and their possible associations with clinicopathological features. Additionally, we evaluated whether these genes are sensitive to TSA in gastric cancer cell lines. Our results demonstrated downregulation of HDAC1, PCAF, and CDKN1A in gastric tumors compared with adjacent nontumors (P < 0.05). On the other hand, upregulation of HDAC2, GCN5, and MYC was observed in gastric tumors compared with adjacent nontumors (P < 0.05). The mRNA level of MYC was correlated to HDAC3 and GCN5 (P < 0.05), whereas CDKN1A was correlated to HDAC1 and GCN5 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). In addition, the reduced expression of PCAF was associated with intestinal-type gastric cancer (P = 0.03) and TNM stages I/II (P = 0.01). The increased expression of GCN5 was associated with advanced stage gastric cancer (P = 0.02) and tumor invasion (P = 0.03). The gastric cell lines treated with TSA showed different patterns of histone deacetylase and acetyltransferase mRNA expression, downregulation of MYC, and upregulation of CDKN1A. Our findings suggest that alteration of histone modifier genes play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis, contributing to MYC and CDKN1A deregulation. In addition, all genes studied here are modulated by TSA, although this modulation appears to be dependent of the genetic background of the cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Wisnieski
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Salahshoor MR, Dastjerdi MN, Jalili C, Mardani M, Khazaei M, Darehdor AS, Valiani A, Roshankhah S. Combination of Salermide and Cholera Toxin B Induce Apoptosis in MCF-7 but Not in MRC-5 Cell Lines. Int J Prev Med 2013; 4:1402-13. [PMID: 24498496 PMCID: PMC3898446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin1 is an enzyme that deacetylates histones and several non-histone proteins including P53 during the stress. P300 is a member of the histone acetyl transferase family and enzyme that acetylates histones. Hereby, this study describes the potency combination of Salermide as a Sirtuin1 inhibitor and cholera toxin B (CTB) as a P300 activator to induce apoptosis Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and MRC-5. METHODS Cells were cultured and treated with a combination of Salermide and CTB respectively at concentrations of 80.56 and 85.43 μmol/L based on inhibitory concentration 50 indexes at different times. The percentage of apoptotic cells were measured by flow cytometry. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to estimate the messenger ribonucleic acid expression of Sirtuin1 and P300 in cells. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and Bradford protein techniques were used to detect the endogenous levels of total and acetylated P53 protein generated in both cell lines. RESULTS Our findings indicated that the combination of two drugs could effectively induced apoptosis in MCF-7 significantly higher than MRC-5. We showed that expression of Sirtuin1 and P300 was dramatically down-regulated with increasing time by the combination of Salermide and CTB treatment in MCF-7, but not MRC-5. The acetylated and total P53 protein levels were increased more in MCF-7 than MRC-5 with incubated combination of drugs at different times. Combination of CTB and Salermide in 72 h through decreasing expression of Sirtuin1 and P300 genes induced acetylation of P53 protein and consequently showed the most apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, but it could be well-tolerated in MRC-5. CONCLUSION Therefore, combination of drugs could be used as an anticancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Salahshoor
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nikbakht Dastjerdi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Correspondence to: Dr. Mehdi Nikbakht Dastjerdi, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mardani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shabanizadeh Darehdor
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Valiani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shiva Roshankhah
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dastjerdi MN, Salahshoor MR, Mardani M, Rabbani M, Hashemibeni B, Gharagozloo M, Kazemi M, Esmaeil N, Roshankhah S, Golmohammadi R, Mobarakian M. The apoptotic effects of sirtuin1 inhibitor on the MCF-7 and MRC-5 cell lines. Res Pharm Sci 2013; 8:79-89. [PMID: 24019817 PMCID: PMC3764679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is an enzyme that deacetylates histones and several nonhistone proteins including p53 during stress and plays an important role in the survival of tumor cells. Hereby, this study describes the potency of salermide as a SIRT1 inhibitor to induce apoptosis in the MCF-7 and MRC-5 cell lines. MCF7 and MRC-5 cell lines were cultured in RPMI-1640 and treated with or without salermide at concentration of 80.56 μmol/L, based on the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) index at different times (24, 48 and72 h). The IC50 value was established for the salermide in MCF-7. The percentage of apoptotic cells was measured by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was performed to estimate the mRNA expression of sirtuin1 in MCF-7 and MRC-5 with salermide at different times. ELISA and Bradford protein techniques were used to detect endogenous levels of total and acetylated p53 protein generated in MCF-7 and MRC-5 cells. Our findings indicated that salermide can induce apoptosis in MCF-7 significantly more effective than MRC-5 cells. We showed that the expression of SIRT1 was dramatically down-regulated by increasing the time of salermide treatment in MCF-7 but not MRC-5 and that the acetylated and total p53 protein levels were increased more in MCF-7 than MRC-5. Salermide, by decreasing the expression of sirtuin1 gene, can induce acetylation of P53 protein and consequently induce significant cell death in MCF-7 that was well tolerated in MRC-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Nikbakht Dastjerdi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - M R Salahshoor
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - M Mardani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - M Rabbani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - B Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - M Gharagozloo
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - M Kazemi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - N Esmaeil
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Sh Roshankhah
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - R Golmohammadi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, I.R. Iran
| | - M Mobarakian
- Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dastjerdi MN, Salahshoor MR, Mardani M, Hashemibeni B, Roshankhah S. The effect of CTB on P53 protein acetylation and consequence apoptosis on MCF-7 and MRC-5 cell lines. Adv Biomed Res 2013; 2:24. [PMID: 23977652 PMCID: PMC3748634 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.108005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: P300 is a member of the mammalian histone acetyl transferase (HAT) family, an enzyme that acetylates histones and several non-histone proteins including P53 (the most important tumor suppressor gene) during stress, which plays an important role in the apoptosis of tumor cells. Hereby, this study describes the potency of CTB (Cholera Toxin B subunit) as a P300 activator to induce apoptosis in a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and a lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) as a non-tumorigenic control sample. Materials and Methods: MCF-7 and MRC-5 were cultured in RPMI-1640 and treated with or without CTB at a concentration of 85.43 μmol/L, based on half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) index at different times (24, 48 and 72 h). The percentage of apoptotic cells were measured by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was performed to estimate the mRNA expression of P300 in MCF-7 and MRC-5 with CTB at different times. ELISA and Bradford protein techniques were used to detect levels of total and acetylated P53 protein generated in MCF-7 and MRC-5. Results: Our findings indicated that CTB could effectively induce apoptosis in MCF-7 significantly higher than MRC-5. We showed that expression of P300 was up-regulated by increasing time of CTB treatment in MCF-7 but not in MRC-5 and the acetylated and total P53 protein levels were increased more in MCF-7 cells than MRC-5. Conclusion: CTB could induce acetylation of P53 protein through increasing expression of P300 and consequently induce the significant cell death in MCF-7 but it could be well tolerated in MRC-5. Therefore, CTB could be used as an anti-cancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nikbakht Dastjerdi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gigek CO, Chen ES, Calcagno DQ, Wisnieski F, Burbano RR, Smith MAC. Epigenetic mechanisms in gastric cancer. Epigenomics 2012; 4:279-94. [PMID: 22690664 DOI: 10.2217/epi.12.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered one of the major health issues worldwide, and gastric cancer accounted for 8% of total cases and 10% of total deaths in 2008. Gastric cancer is considered an age-related disease, and the total number of newly diagnosed cases has been increasing as a result of the higher life expectancy. Therefore, the basic mechanisms underlying gastric tumorigenesis is worth investigation. This review provides an overview of the epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling complex and miRNA, involved in gastric cancer. As the studies in gastric cancer continue, the mapping of an epigenome code is not far for this disease. In conclusion, an epigenetic therapy might appear in the not too distant future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Oliveira Gigek
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
ERK inhibition enhances TSA-induced gastric cancer cell apoptosis via NF-κB-dependent and Notch-independent mechanism. Life Sci 2012; 91:186-93. [PMID: 22781708 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyze the combined impact of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) Trichostatin A (TSA) and the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor PD98059 on gastric cancer (GC) cell line SGC7901 growth. MAIN METHODS SGC7901 cells were treated with TSA, PD98059 or with a TSA-PD98059 combination. Effects of drug treatment on tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and cell signaling pathways were investigated by MTS assay, flow cytometry, Western blotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and luciferase reporter assay, respectively. KEY FINDINGS PD98059 enhanced TSA-induced cell growth arrest, apoptosis and activation of p21(WAF1/CIP1), but reversed TSA-induced activation of ERK1/2 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). TSA alone up-regulated Notch1 and Hes1, and down-regulated Notch2, but PD98059 did not affect the trends of Notch1 and Notch2 induced by TSA. Particularly, PD98059 did potentiate the ability of TSA to down-regulate phospho-histone H3 protein, but increased levels of the acetylated forms of histone H3 bound to the p21(WAF1/CIP1) promoter, leading to enhanced expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) in SGC7901 cells. SIGNIFICANCE PD98059 synergistically potentiates TSA-induced GC growth arrest and apoptosis by manipulating NF-κB and p21(WAF1/CIP1) independent of Notch. Therefore, concomitant administration of HDACIs and ERK1/2 inhibitors may be a promising treatment strategy for individuals with GC.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou WH, Tang F, Xu J, Wu X, Yang SB, Feng ZY, Ding YG, Wan XB, Guan Z, Li HG, Lin DJ, Shao CK, Liu Q. Low expression of Beclin 1, associated with high Bcl-xL, predicts a malignant phenotype and poor prognosis of gastric cancer. Autophagy 2012; 8:389-400. [PMID: 22240664 DOI: 10.4161/auto.18641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that dysregulation of autophagy plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. Here, we determined the prognostic value of autophagy-related protein Beclin 1 in gastric cancer. A total of 153 primary gastric cancer patients were subjected to analysis of Beclin 1 expression and survival prognosis. Among them, 68 patients were assigned randomly and used as a training set to generate a cutoff score for Beclin 1 expression by receive operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The ROC-generated cutoff score was subjected to analyze the association of Beclin 1 with clinical characteristics and patient outcome. In a testing set (n = 85) and overall patients (n = 153), both univariate and multivariate analysis found that low expression of Beclin 1 predicted adverse overall survival and progression-free survival for gastric cancer patients. Furthermore, in each stage of gastric cancer patients, Beclin 1 expression was a prognostic indicator in patients with stage II, III and IV. Importantly, a reverse relationship between Beclin 1 and Bcl-xL expression was demonstrated. In patients of elevated Bcl-xL expression, a subset with lower Beclin 1 expression displayed an inferior overall survival and progression-free survival than those with higher Beclin 1 expression. Thus, our data demonstrated that low expression of Beclin 1, associated with high Bcl-xL, played as an independent biomarker, contributing to a more aggressive cancer cell phenotype and poor prognosis for gastric tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang TS, Li YL, Zhao T. Trichostatin A increases histone H3 acetylation and promotes apoptosis in gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:2469-2471. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i23.2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of trichosttain A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on apoptosis in hunman gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901.
METHODS: After SGC-7901 cells were incubated with 75 μg/L TSA for 48 h, cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry, and the expression of acetylated histone H3 was detected by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: TSA could significantly inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells. The expression level of acetylated histone H3 was higher in SGC-7901 cells treated with TSA (75 μg/L for 48 h) than in control cells (35.43 ± 6.05 vs 1.12 ± 1.06). The apoptosis rate was significantly different between SGC-7901 cells treated with TSA (75 μg/L for 48 h) and control cells (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: TSA can induce SGC-7901 cell apoptosis possibly by up-regulating the expression of acetylated histone H3.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wen YY, Yang ZQ, Song M, Li BL, Yao XH, Chen XL, Zhao J, Lu YY, Zhu JJ, Wang EH. The expression of SIAH1 is downregulated and associated with Bim and apoptosis in human breast cancer tissues and cells. Mol Carcinog 2010; 49:440-9. [PMID: 20082325 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Seven in absentia homolog1 (SIAH1) was reported as a tumor suppressor and played an important role in regulating cell apoptosis. However, its effects on the breast carcinogenesis remain unclear. In this study, our aims were to examine the relationship between SIAH1 and Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) and to explore the effects of SIAH1 on the breast carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemical analysis in 231 cases of breast tissues showed that the expression of SIAH1 and Bim were significantly decreased in the breast carcinogenesis. Moreover, SIAH1 expression was significantly correlated with Bim. Both SIAH1 and Bim expression were significantly higher in well to moderately differentiated and in early-stage breast cancer. Reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis in paired breast cancer tissues and breast cell lines found that the expression of SIAH1 was lower in the breast cancer tissues and cell lines. SIAH1 inducing apoptosis of the breast cancer cells was dependent on Bim. However, SIAH1 inhibiting invasion of the breast cancer cells was independent of Bim. The increase of the function of SIAH1 to upregulate the expression of Bim may play an important role in the progression of breast cancer. Restoration of the function of SIAH1 may be a new therapeutic target of human breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Qiao W, Yang XD, Wang D. Trichostatin A inhibits the growth of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:3611-3614. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i35.3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effects of trichostatin A (TSA) on the growth of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells and explore potential mechanisms involved.
METHODS: SGC-7901 cells were treated with different concentrations (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/L) of TSA for different durations (24, 48 and 72 h). Cell proliferation was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptotic rate were detected by flow cytometry. Cell ultrastructure was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
RESULTS: SGC-7901 cells were very sensitive to TSA. TSA inhibited the growth of SGC-7901 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The reduced rates of growth in cells treated with TSA at concentrations of 0.4 and 0.8 mg/L for 72 h were significantly higher than that in cells treated with TSA at a concentration of 0.2 mg/L for the same duration (45% ± 1.4% and 73% ± 1.7% vs 25% ± 1.2%, respectively; both P < 0.05). The reduced rates of growth in cell treated with TSA at concentrations of 0.8 mg/L for 48 and 72 h were significantly higher than that in cells treated with TSA at the same concentration for 24 hours (37% ± 2.0% and 73% ± 1.7% vs 21% ± 1.1%, respectively; both P < 0.05). TSA could induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells. The ultrastructure changes in SGC-7901 cells treated with TSA included nuclear fragmentation, nuclear membrane rupture, membrane and organelle dissolution, and formation of vacuoles and apoptotic bodies.
CONCLUSION: TSA can inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
22
|
Gastric cancer in the era of molecularly targeted agents: current drug development strategies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 135:855-66. [PMID: 19363621 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide with approximately one million cases diagnosed annually. Despite considerable improvements in surgical techniques, innovations in clinical diagnostics and the development of new chemotherapy regimens, the clinical outcome for patients with advanced gastric cancer and cancer of the GEJ is generally poor with 5-year survival rates ranging between 5 and 15%. The understanding of cancer relevant events has resulted in new therapeutic strategies, particularly in developing of new molecular targeted agents. These agents have the ability to target a variety of cancer relevant receptors and downstream pathways including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR), the c-Met pathway, cell-cycle pathways, and down-stream signalling pathways such as the Akt-PI3k-mTOR pathway. In the era of new molecularly targeted agents this review focuses on recent developments of targeting relevant pathways involved in gastric cancer and cancer of the GEJ.
Collapse
|