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Coquoz A, Regli D, Stute P. Impact of progesterone on the gastrointestinal tract: a comprehensive literature review. Climacteric 2022; 25:337-361. [PMID: 35253565 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2022.2033203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Women are more prone to gastrointestinal symptoms than men. A comprehensive literature search was performed to assess the impact of sex steroid hormone, especially progesterone, on the (healthy and diseased) gastrointestinal tract. Overall, 37 articles were identified. Based on these we conclude that progesterone has a dose-dependent and sex-dependent effect on gastric emptying (especially in mammals), slows down gastrointestinal motility, reduces the gallbladder's response to contractile stimulants, may support gastroesophageal reflux by reducing the esophageal sphincter pressure, may protect from Helicobacter pylori infection gastrointestinal sequelae (especially in mammals) and does not affect inflammatory bowel disease-specific symptoms. However, for several gastrointestinal symptoms and diseases no studies have yet been performed addressing the impact of sex hormone steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coquoz
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Regli
- Department of Surgery, HFR Fribourg - Cantonal Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - P Stute
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Xiao J, Chen X, Lu X, Xie M, He B, He S, You S, Chen Q. Progesterone/Org inhibits lung adenocarcinoma cell growth via membrane progesterone receptor alpha. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:2209-2223. [PMID: 32529777 PMCID: PMC7396388 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether progesterone could inhibit the growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells via membrane progesterone receptor alpha (mPRα) and elucidate its potential mechanism. The relationship between mPRα expression and the survival prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients was studied. METHODS A mPRα knockdown lung adenocarcinoma cell line was constructed and treated with P4 and Org (a derivative of P4 and specific agonist of mPRα). Cell proliferation was assessed using CCK-8 and plate colony formation assays. Protein expression was detected by western blotting. A nude mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma was established to assess the antitumor effect of P4/Org in vivo. RESULTS We initially determined that mPRα could promote the development of lung adenocarcinoma through the following lines of evidence. High expression of mPRα both at the mRNA and protein level was significantly associated with the poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. The downregulation of mPRα inhibited the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells. We further showed that mPRα mediates the ability of P4 to inhibit the growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells through the following lines of evidence: P4/Org inhibited the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells; mPRα mediated the ability of P4/Org to inhibit lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation; mPRα mediated the ability of P4/Org to inhibit the PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase)/CREB (cAMP responsive element binding protein) and PKA/β-catenin signaling pathways; and P4/Org inhibited the growth of a lung adenocarcinoma tumor model in vivo. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the results of our study show that progesterone can inhibit lung adenocarcinoma cell growth via mPRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingxuan Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bixiu He
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuya He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shaojin You
- Laboratory of Cancer Experimental Therapy, Histopathology Core, Atlanta Research & Educational Foundation (151F), Atlanta VA Medical Center , Emory University, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Qiong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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3
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Asavasupreechar T, Saito R, Miki Y, Edwards DP, Boonyaratanakornkit V, Sasano H. Systemic distribution of progesterone receptor subtypes in human tissues. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105599. [PMID: 31991170 PMCID: PMC9968951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PR) is expressed in a wide variety of human tissues, including both reproductive and non-reproductive tissues. Upon binding to the PR, progesterone can display several non-reproductive functions, including neurosteroid activity in the central nervous system, inhibition of smooth muscle contractile activity in the gastrointestinal tract, and regulating the development and maturation of the lung. PR exists as two major isoforms, PRA and PRB. Differential expression of these PR isoforms reportedly contributes to different biological activities of the hormone. However, the distribution of the PR isoforms in human tissues has remained virtually unexplored. In this study, we immunolocalized PR expression in various human tissues using PR (1294) specific antibody, which is capable of detecting both PRA and PRB, and PRB (250H11) specific antibody. Tissues from the uterus, ovary, breast, placenta, prostate, testis, cerebrum, cerebellum, pituitary, spinal cord, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, pancreas, liver, kidney, urinary bladder, lung, heart, aorta, thymus, adrenal gland, thyroid, spleen, skin, and bone were examined in four different age groups (fetal, pediatric, young, and old) in male and female subjects. PR and PRB were detected in the nuclei of cells in the female reproductive system, in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of pituitary gland and pancreatic acinar cells, and only in the cytoplasm of cells in the testis, stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, kidney, urinary bladder, lung, adrenal gland, and skin. Of particular interest, total PRB expression overlapped with that of total PR expression in most tissues but was negative in the female fetal reproductive system. The findings indicate that progesterone could affect diverse human organs differently than from reproductive organs. These findings provide new insights into the novel biological roles of progesterone in non-reproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryoko Saito
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Dean P Edwards
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Viroj Boonyaratanakornkit
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Age-related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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4
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Leonel ECR, Campos SGP, Guerra LHA, Bedolo CM, Vilamaior PSL, Calmon MF, Rahal P, Amorim CA, Taboga SR. Impact of perinatal bisphenol A and 17β estradiol exposure: Comparing hormone receptor response. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109918. [PMID: 31753310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal regulation controls mammary gland (MG) development. Therefore some hormone-related factors can disrupt the early phases of MGs development, making the gland more susceptible to long term modifications in its response to circulating hormones. Endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol A (BPA), are able to cause alterations in hormone receptor expression, leading to changes in the cell proliferation index, which may expose the tissue to neoplastic alterations. Thus, we evaluated the variations in hormone receptor expression in the MG of 6-month old Mongolian gerbils exposed to BPA and 17β estradiol during the perinatal period. Receptors for estrogen alpha (ERα), beta (ERβ), progesterone (PGR), prolactin (PRL-R), and co-localization of connexin 43 (Cx43) and ERα in gerbils were analyzed, and serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were assessed. No alterations in body, liver, and ovary-uterus complex weights were observed. However, there was an increase in epithelial ERα expression in the 17β estradiol (E2) group and in PGR in the BPA group. Although immunohistochemistry did not show alterations in ERβ expression, western blotting revealed a decrease in this protein in the BPA group. PRL-R was more present in epithelial cells in the vehicle control (VC), E2, and BPA groups in comparison to the intact control group. Cx43 was more frequent in E2 and BPA groups, suggesting a protective response from the gland against possible malignancy. Serum concentration of estradiol reduced in VC, E2, and BPA groups, confirming that alterations also impacts steroid levels. Consequently, perinatal exposure to BPA and the reference endogenous estrogen, 17β estradiol, are able to increase the tendency of endocrine disruption in MG in a long term manner, since repercussions are observed even 6 months after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Gisele Pegorin Campos
- Federal University of São João del Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Bairro Chanadour, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Alves Guerra
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Marques Bedolo
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Simone Leite Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Freitas Calmon
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiani Andrade Amorim
- Laboratory of Gynecology, Institute of Experimental and Clinique Research, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier 52, Bte B1.52.02, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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5
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Paternal behavior in the Mongolian gerbil, and its regulation by social factors, T, ERα, and AR. Physiol Behav 2019; 199:351-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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6
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Zulian JG, Hosoya LYM, Figueiredo PM, Ogias D, Osaki LH, Gama P. Corticosterone activity during early weaning reprograms molecular markers in rat gastric secretory cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45867. [PMID: 28361902 PMCID: PMC5374460 DOI: 10.1038/srep45867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric epithelial cells differentiate throughout the third postnatal week in rats, and become completely functional by weaning time. When suckling is interrupted by early weaning (EW), cell proliferation and differentiation change in the gastric mucosa, and regulatory mechanisms might involve corticosterone activity. Here we used EW and RU486 (glucocorticoid receptor antagonist) to investigate the roles of corticosterone on differentiation of mucous neck (MNC) and zymogenic cells (ZC) in rats, and to evaluate whether effects persisted in young adults. MNC give rise to ZC, and mucin 6, Mist1, pepsinogen a5 and pepsinogen C are produced to characterize these cells. We found that in pups, EW augmented the expression of mucins, Mist1 and pepsinogen C at mRNA and protein levels, and it changed the number of MNC and ZC. Corticosterone regulated pepsinogen C expression, and MNC and ZC distributions. Further, the changes on MNC population and pepsinogen C were maintained until early- adult life. Therefore, by using EW as a model for altered corticosterone activity in rats, we demonstrated that the differentiation of secretory epithelial cells is sensitive to the type of nutrient in the lumen. Moreover, this environmental perception activates corticosterone to change maturation and reprogram cellular functions in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Guimarães Zulian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Moreira Figueiredo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Ogias
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Harumi Osaki
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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7
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Wang X, Chen Q, Huang X, Zou F, Fu Z, Chen Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Liu L. Effects of 17β-estradiol and tamoxifen on gastric cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis and ER-α36 expression. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:57-62. [PMID: 28123522 PMCID: PMC5244966 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 17β-estradiol and tamoxifen, an agonist and inhibitor of the estrogen receptor (ER), respectively, on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells, as well as the messenger (m)RNA expression levels of ER-α36. Nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed that ER-α36 was expressed in the BGC823, MKN45 and SGC7901 human gastric cancer cell lines. Subsequently, the BGC823 cell line was stimulated with various concentrations of 17β-estradiol or tamoxifen for 24 or 48 h, and the proliferation, apoptosis and mRNA expression levels of ER-α36 were determined by water-soluble tetrazolium (WST)-1 assay, flow cytometry and RT-quantitative PCR, respectively. The activity of BGC823 cells was significantly increased following treatment with 10−12 mol/l 17β-estradiol for 24 h (P=0.013), as compared with the control, and reached a peak at 48 h (P=0.002). Notably, the activity of BGC823 cells was decreased with increasing concentrations of 17β-estradiol, although it remained higher compared with that of the control. In the tamoxifen-treated groups, the cell activity decreased as the drug concentration increased. The apoptosis rate was markedly reduced in the 17β-estradiol group after 24 h (10−12 mol/l, P=0.013; 10−11 mol/l, P=0.023; and 10−10 mol/l, P=0.017) and after 48 h (10−12 mol/l, P=0.002; 10−11 mol/l, P=0.011; and 10−10 mol/l, P=0.033), whereas the rate of apoptosis increased as the tamoxifen concentration increased (24 h: 5×10−6 mol/l, P=0.002; and 10−5 mol/l, P=0.001; and 48 h: 5×10−6 mol/l, P=0.014 and 10−5 mol/l, P=0.0021), as compared with the control group. The mRNA expression levels of ER-α36 were significantly increased after 24 h of treatment with 10−12 mol/l (P=0.024), 10−11 mol/l (P=0.0113) and 10−10 mol/l (P=0.0037) 17β-estradiol compared with the control group when the concentration of 17β-estradiol was low, and the same was observed after 48 h of treatment 10−12 mol/l (P=0.0164), 10−11 mol/l (P=0.0342) and 10−10 mol/l (P=0.0198) 17β-estradiol. The mRNA expression levels of ER-α36 were significantly decreased with increasing concentrations of tamoxifen after 24 h (5×10−6 mol/l, P=0.0233; and 10−5 mol/l, P=0.007) and after 48 h (5×10−6 mol/l, P=0.001; and 10−5 mol/l, P=0.0153). In addition, the ability of tamoxifen to inhibit the growth of gastric cancer cells was concentration-dependent. The results of the present study suggested that gastric cancer cells were sensitive to the effects of 17β-estradiol and tamoxifen, and that tamoxifen is able to induce gastric cancer cell apoptosis. The expression levels of ER-α36 were upregulated, and the growth of gastric cancer cells was increased, following treatment with 17β-estradiol, thus suggesting that gastric cancer tumors are stimulated by estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China; Department of Pathology, Jiangda Pathology Institute, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- Department of Pathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China; Department of Pathology, Jiangda Pathology Institute, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China; Department of Pathology, Jiangda Pathology Institute, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqi Fu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China; Department of Pathology, Jiangda Pathology Institute, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China; Department of Pathology, Jiangda Pathology Institute, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Lijiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China; Department of Pathology, Jiangda Pathology Institute, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
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8
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Regulation of corticosterone function during early weaning and effects on gastric cell proliferation. Nutrition 2014; 30:343-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Wakui S, Motohashi M, Muto T, Takahashi H, Hano H, Jutabha P, Anzai N, Wempe MF, Endou H. Sex-associated difference in estrogen receptor β expression in N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced gastric cancers in rats. Comp Med 2011; 61:412-418. [PMID: 22330348 PMCID: PMC3193063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies indicate that the incidence of gastric cancer is higher in males than in females. Although the mechanisms mediating this difference are unclear, a role for estrogens has been proposed. We used Western blotting to evaluate the role of estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes ERα and ERβ and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastric carcinogenesis in Wistar rats; ERα and ERβ mRNA levels also were analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis. The incidence of gastric cancer was significantly higher in male than female rats. In both sexes, ERα expression was similar in MNNG-treated cancerous and noncancerous tissues and normal gastric tissue. However, ERβ expression in MNNG-treated cancerous and noncancerous tissues was significantly lower in male rats and higher in female rats than that in normal gastric tissue; MNNG-induced cancerous tissue showed the highest ERβ expression. PCNA expression in MNNG-treated cancerous tissues was higher than that in noncancerous tissues, and was higher in male rats than female rats. Western blotting results were consistent with the mRNA changes determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The present study provides evidence of a sex-associated difference in ERβ and PCNA expression in MNNG-induced gastric cancers in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Wakui
- Department of Toxicology and Biochemistry, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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10
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Motohashi M, Wakui S, Muto T, Suzuki Y, Shirai M, Takahashi H, Hano H. Cyclin D1/cdk4, estrogen receptors α and β, in N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced rat gastric carcinogenesis: immunohistochemical study. J Toxicol Sci 2011; 36:373-8. [PMID: 21628965 DOI: 10.2131/jts.36.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hyperproliferative cell growth due to cyclin D1/cdk4, marker of cellular proliferation, is considered to be regulated by the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs). We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1/cdk4 and ERs in N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced rat gastric carcinogenesis. The gastric cancer incidence and expression of cyclin D1/ckd4 in gastric carcinogenesis were significantly higher in males than females. Although the ERα expression index was similar in both sexes, the ERβ expression in preneoplastic hyperplastic lesions as well as gastric cancers was significantly higher in females than in males. The present study revealed a gender difference in MNNG-induced rat gastric carcinogenesis that seemed to involve the sex difference in cyclin D1/cdk4 expression, and ERβ expression became evident at the preneoplastic promotion stage in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Motohashi
- Department of Toxicology and Biochemistry, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Cyuo, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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11
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LV XH, SHI DZ. Effects of Levonorgestrel on Reproductive Hormone Levels and Their Receptor Expression in Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Exp Anim 2011; 60:363-71. [DOI: 10.1538/expanim.60.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui LV
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University
| | - Da-Zhao SHI
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University
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12
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Liu MJ, Fei SJ, Qiao WL, Du DS, Zhang YM, Li Y, Zhang JF. The protective effect of 17beta-estradiol postconditioning against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in human gastric epithelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 645:151-7. [PMID: 20654613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of 17beta-estradiol pharmacological postconditioning on gastric epithelial cells hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by using an in vitro model of human gastric epithelial cells. The model of hypoxia/reoxygenation was established with human gastric epithelial cell line. The gastric epithelial cell viability was detected by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Gastric epithelial cellular apoptosis was determined by Hoechst 33258 fluorochrome staining and flow cytometric analysis. Contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured by Colorimetry analysis. The protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in different groups was determined by Western blot analyses and immunocytochemistry assay. 17beta-estradiol (10(-8), 10(-7) and 10(-6)mol/l) inhibited hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and 17beta-estradiol (10(-6)mol/l) obviously attenuated hypoxia/reoxygenation injury 3h hypoxia followed by 4h reoxygenation. 17beta-estradiol promoted gastric epithelial cell viability and inhibited the gastric epithelial cell apoptosis, and meanwhile, decreased the MDA content and increased SOD activity. The level of Bcl-2 protein was restored to the normal level by 17beta-estradiol pharmacological postconditioning. In contrast, the Bax protein level was markedly reduced by 17beta-estradiol pharmacological postconditioning. These effects of 17beta-estradiol were inhibited by pretreatment with fulvestrant. These data suggested that 17beta-estradiol seems involved in regulation of gastric hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and gastroprotection, and its protective effects were strongly related to estrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jing Liu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical College, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
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13
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Robker RL, Akison LK, Russell DL. Control of oocyte release by progesterone receptor-regulated gene expression. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2009; 7:e012. [PMID: 20087433 PMCID: PMC2807638 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.07012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The progesterone receptor (PGR) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that is essential for female fertility, in part due to its control of oocyte release from the ovary, or ovulation. In all mammals studied to date, ovarian expression of PGR is restricted primarily to granulosa cells of follicles destined to ovulate. Granulosa cell expression of PGR is induced by the pituitary Luteinizing Hormone (LH) surge via mechanisms that are not entirely understood, but which involve activation of Protein Kinase A and modification of Sp1/Sp3 transcription factors on the PGR promoter. Null mutations for PGR or treatment with PGR antagonists block ovulation in all species analyzed, including humans. The cellular mechanisms by which PGR regulates ovulation are currently under investigation, with several downstream pathways having been identified as PGR-regulated and potentially involved in follicular rupture. Interestingly, none of these PGR-regulated genes has been demonstrated to be a direct transcriptional target of PGR. Rather, in ovarian granulosa cells, PGR may act as an inducible coregulator for constitutively bound Sp1/Sp3 transcription factors, which are key regulators for a discrete cohort of ovulatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Robker
- The Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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