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Fazelifar P, Cucchiarini A, Khoshbin Z, Mergny JL, Kazemi Noureini S. Strong and selective interactions of palmatine with G-rich sequences in TRF2 promoter; experimental and computational studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 38100552 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2292793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
G-rich sequences have the potential to fold into G-quadruplexes (GQs). G-quadruplexes, particularly those positioned in the regulatory regions of proto-oncogenes, have recently garnered attention in anti-cancer drug design. A thermal FRET assay was employed to conduct preliminary screening of various alkaloids, aiming to identify stronger interactions with a specific set of G-rich double-labeled oligonucleotides in both K + and Na + buffers. These oligonucleotides were derived from regions associated with Kit, Myc, Ceb, Bcl2, human telomeres, and potential G-quadruplex forming sequences found in the Nrf2 and Trf2 promoters. Palmatine generally increased the stability of different G-rich sequences into their folded GQ structures, more or less in a concentration dependent manner. The thermal stability and interaction of palmatine was further studied using transition FRET (t-FRET), CD and UV-visible spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation methods. Palmatine showed the strongest interaction with T RF2 in both K+ and Na+ buffers even at equimolar concentration ratio. T-FRET studies revealed that palmatine has the potential to disrupt double-strand formation by the T RF2 sequence in the presence of its complementary strand. Palmatine exhibits a stronger interaction with G-rich strand DNA, promoting its folding into G-quadruplex structures. It is noteworthy that palmatine exhibits the strongest interaction with T RF2, which is the shortest sequence among the G-rich oligonucleotides studied, featuring only one nucleotide for two of its loops. Palmatine represents a suitable structure for drug design to develop more specific ligands targeting G-quadruplexes. Whether palmatine can also affect the expression of the T RF2 gene requires further studies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Fazelifar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Anne Cucchiarini
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (LOB), Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Zahra Khoshbin
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (LOB), Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
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Mazur O, Bałdysz S, Warowicka A, Nawrot R. Tap the sap - investigation of latex-bearing plants in the search of potential anticancer biopharmaceuticals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:979678. [PMID: 36388598 PMCID: PMC9664067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.979678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Latex-bearing plants have been in the research spotlight for the past couple of decades. Since ancient times their extracts have been used in folk medicine to treat various illnesses. Currently they serve as promising candidates for cancer treatment. Up to date there have been several in vitro and in vivo studies related to the topic of cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of extracts from latex-bearing plants towards various cell types. The number of clinical studies still remains scarce, however, over the years the number is systematically increasing. To the best of our knowledge, the scientific community is still lacking in a recent review summarizing the research on the topic of cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of latex-bearing plant extracts. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge on in vitro and in vivo studies, which focus on the cytotoxicity and anticancer activities of latex-bearing plants. The vast majority of the studies are in vitro, however, the interest in this topic has resulted in the substantial growth of the number of in vivo studies, leading to a promising number of plant species whose latex can potentially be tested in clinical trials. The paper is divided into sections, each of them focuses on specific latex-bearing plant family representatives and their potential anticancer activity, which in some instances is comparable to that induced by commonly used therapeutics currently available on the market. The cytotoxic effect of the plant's crude latex, its fractions or isolated compounds, is analyzed, along with a study of cell apoptosis, chromatin condensation, DNA damage, changes in gene regulation and morphology changes, which can be observed in cell post plant extract addition. The in vivo studies go beyond the molecular level by showing significant reduction of the tumor growth and volume in animal models. Additionally, we present data regarding plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles, which is regarded as a new branch in plant latex research. It is solely based on the green-synthesis approach, which presents an interesting alternative to chemical-based nanoparticle synthesis. We have analyzed the cytotoxic effect of these particles on cells. Data regarding the cytotoxicity of such particles raises their potential to be involved in the design of novel cancer therapies, which further underlines the significance of latex-bearing plants in biotechnology. Throughout the course of this review, we concluded that plant latex is a rich source of many compounds, which can be further investigated and applied in the design of anticancer pharmaceuticals. The molecules, to which this cytotoxic effect can be attributed, include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, proteases, nucleases and many novel compounds, which still remain to be characterized. They have been studied extensively in both in vitro and in vivo studies, which provide an excellent starting point for their rapid transfer to clinical studies in the near future. The comprehensive study of molecules from latex-bearing plants can result in finding a promising alternative to several pharmaceuticals on the market and help unravel the molecular mode of action of latex-based preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Mazur
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sophia Bałdysz
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Alicja Warowicka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert Nawrot
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Cao Z, Zhu S, Xue Z, Zhang F, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Zhan G, Zhang X, Guo Z. Isoquinoline alkaloids from Hylomecon japonica and their potential anti-breast cancer activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 202:113321. [PMID: 35921889 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Four pairs of undescribed enantiomeric isoquinoline alkaloids (6S/R-(N,N-diethylacetamido)yl-dihydrochelerythrine, 6R/S-acetonyl-9-hydroxy-dihydrochelerythrine, 6S/R-acroleinyl-dihydrochelerythrine, 6S/R-acetatemethyl-dihydrochelerythrine), five undescribed isoquinoline alkaloids (6,10-dimethoxydihydrochelerythrine, 6-ethoxy-ethaniminyl-dihydrochelandine, 9-hydroxy-dihydrochelerythrine, 9-methoxy-10-hydroxy-norchelerythrine, chelidoniumine A), together with 13 known isoquinoline alkaloids were isolated from an extract of the roots and rhizomes of Hylomecon japonica. The structures of the undescribed compounds were identified by NMR, HRESIMS, UV, IR, and their absolute configurations were defined via electronic circular dichroism data and optical rotation. All of the isolated compounds were tested for their anti-breast cancer activities in MCF-7 cells. Among them, the undescribed alkaloids 6S/R-acroleinyl-dihydrochelerythrine, 6,10-dimethoxydihydrochelerythrine, 6-ethoxy-ethaniminyl-dihydrochelandine, 9-methoxy-10-hydroxy-norchelerythrine and other known alkaloids 6-methoxydihydrosanguinarine, 6-acetaldehyde-dihyrochelerythrine, dihydrosanguinaline and 10-methoxy boconoline had good inhibitory effects on MCF-7 cells of breast cancer with an IC50 lower than 20 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Shangjun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Zhaowei Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Fuxin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Yuting Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Guanqun Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
| | - Zengjun Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
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Shen L, Lee S, Joo JC, Hong E, Cui ZY, Jo E, Park SJ, Jang HJ. Chelidonium majus Induces Apoptosis of Human Ovarian Cancer Cells via ATF3-Mediated Regulation of Foxo3a by Tip60. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:493-503. [PMID: 35283423 PMCID: PMC9628819 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2109.09030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead transcription factor 3a (Foxo3a) is believed to be a tumor suppressor as its inactivation leads to cell transformation and tumor development. However, further investigation is required regarding the involvement of the activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)-mediated Tat-interactive protein 60 (Tip60)/Foxo3a pathway in cancer cell apoptosis. This study demonstrated that Chelidonium majus upregulated the expression of ATF3 and Tip60 and promoted Foxo3a nuclear translocation, ultimately increasing the level of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) protein. ATF3 overexpression stimulated Tip60 expression, while ATF3 inhibition by siRNA repressed Tip60 expression. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated Tip60 inhibition significantly promoted Foxo3a phosphorylation, leading to blockade of Foxo3a translocation into the nucleus. Thus, we were able to deduce that ATF3 mediates the regulation of Foxo3a by Tip60. Moreover, siRNA-mediated Foxo3a inhibition suppressed the expression of Bax and subsequent apoptosis. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Chelidonium majus induces SKOV-3 cell death by increasing ATF3 levels and its downstream proteins Tip60 and Foxo3a. This suggests a potential therapeutic role of Chelidonium majus against ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shen
- Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Soon Lee
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea,Division of Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheon Joo
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Hong
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Yang Cui
- Rehabilitation Medicine College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, P.R. China
| | - Eunbi Jo
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju 54987, Republic of Korea,
S.J. Park Phone: +82-63-220-8676 E-mail:
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors H.J. Jang Phone: +42-860-4563 E-mail:
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Akaberi T, Shourgashti K, Emami SA, Akaberi M. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of alkaloids from Glaucium spp. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 191:112923. [PMID: 34454171 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glaucium Mill. comprising 28 species with 78 synonyms, 3 subspecies, and 3 varieties worldwide belongs to the Papaveraceae family. The plants are well known for their different types of alkaloids. In the present study, we attempted to review the chemistry and pharmacology of the alkaloids from the genus Glaucium. For this purpose, the relevant data were collected from different scientific databases including, "Google Scholar", "ISI Web of Knowledge", "PubMed", "Scopus", and available books and e-books. Our results showed that aporphine alkaloids are dominated in the species; however, other types of alkaloids including protopines, benzophenanthridines, benzylisoquinolines, protoberberines, and morphinanes have also been reported from the genus. The pharmacological studies have shown that the alkaloids from Glaucium species have several biological activities of which anti-cancer and anti-cholinesterase effects have been highly reported. Besides, the data indicated that most of the species have been investigated neither phytochemically nor pharmacologically. Glaucium flavum, known as yellow horn poppy, is the most studied species. According to the reports, the plants from this genus have anti-cancer and anti-cholinesterase potentials and can be used as a source for aporphine alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Akaberi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Kamran Shourgashti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Targeting cellular senescence in cancer by plant secondary metabolites: A systematic review. Pharmacol Res 2021; 177:105961. [PMID: 34718135 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Senescence suppresses tumor growth, while also developing a tumorigenic state in the nearby cells that is mediated by senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs). The dual function of cellular senescence stresses the need for identifying multi-targeted agents directed towards the promotion of cell senescence in cancer cells and suppression of the secretion of pro-tumorigenic signaling mediators in neighboring cells. Natural secondary metabolites have shown favorable anticancer responses in recent decades, as some have been found to target the senescence-associated mediators and pathways. Furthermore, phenolic compounds and polyphenols, terpenes and terpenoids, alkaloids, and sulfur-containing compounds have shown to be promising anticancer agents through the regulation of paracrine and autocrine pathways. Plant secondary metabolites are potential regulators of SASPs factors that suppress tumor growth through paracrine mediators, including growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix components/enzymes, and proteases. On the other hand, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated, ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related, extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin, nuclear factor-κB, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, and receptor tyrosine kinase-associated mediators are main targets of candidate phytochemicals in the autocrine senescence pathway. Such a regulatory role of phytochemicals on senescence-associated pathways are associated with cell cycle arrest and the attenuation of apoptotic/inflammatory/oxidative stress pathways. The current systematic review highlights the critical roles of natural secondary metabolites in the attenuation of autocrine and paracrine cellular senescence pathways, while also elucidating the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic capabilities of these compounds. Additionally, we discuss current challenges, limitations, and future research indications.
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Xie YJ, Gao WN, Wu QB, Yao XJ, Jiang ZB, Wang YW, Wang WJ, Li W, Hussain S, Liu L, Leung ELH, Fan XX. Chelidonine selectively inhibits the growth of gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells through the EGFR-AMPK pathway. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104934. [PMID: 32464330 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been widely used for the clinical treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring mutations in the EGFR. Unfortunately, due to the secondary mutation in EGFR, eventual drug-resistance is inevitable. Therefore, to overcome the resistance, new agent is urgently required. Chelidonine, extracted from the roots of Chelidonium majus, was proved to effectively suppress the growth of NSCLC cells with EGFR double mutation. Proteomics analysis indicated that mitochondrial respiratory chain was significantly inhibited by chelidonine, and inhibitor of AMPK effectively blocked the apoptosis induced by chelidonine. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that chelidonine could directly bind to EGFR and showed a much higher binding affinity to EGFRL858R/T790M than EGFRWT, which demonstrated that chelidonine could selectively inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR in cells with EGFR double-mutation. In vivo study revealed that chelidonine has a similar inhibitory effect like second generation TKI Afatinib. In conclusion, targeting EGFR and inhibition of mitochondrial function is a promising anti-cancer therapeutic strategy for inhibiting NSCLC with EGFR mutation and TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China
| | - Wei-Na Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qi-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China
| | - Ze-Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- TianJin NanKai Hospital, TianJin, PR China
| | - Shahid Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China.
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China.
| | - Xing-Xing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China.
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Milky Sap of Greater Celandine ( Chelidonium majus L.) and Anti-Viral Properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051540. [PMID: 32120948 PMCID: PMC7084376 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The milky juice of the greater celandine herb has been used in folk medicine and in homeopathy for treatment of viral warts for years. However, classical medicine fails to use properties of celandine herbs in treatment of diseases induced by papilloma viruses. Nevertheless, dermatological outpatient clinics are regularly visited by patients reporting efficacy of milky sap isolated from celandine herb in treatment of their own viral warts. Authors of this report decided to analyze the respective world literature in order to critically evaluate the potential for treatment of viral dermal warts using the milky sap of celandine. Moreover, the case of a 4-year old boy was presented, the parents of whom applied the milky sap of celandine on viral warts on hands. Thus, Ch. majus may be a potential therapeutic modality for skin warts, especially in a young patients, where conventional therapy may be difficult to apply.
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Zielińska S, Czerwińska ME, Dziągwa-Becker M, Dryś A, Kucharski M, Jezierska-Domaradzka A, Płachno BJ, Matkowski A. Modulatory Effect of Chelidonium majus Extract and Its Alkaloids on LPS-Stimulated Cytokine Secretion in Human Neutrophils. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040842. [PMID: 32075082 PMCID: PMC7070267 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to certain differences in terms of molecular structure, isoquinoline alkaloids from Chelidonium majus engage in various biological activities. Apart from their well-documented antimicrobial potential, some phenanthridine and protoberberine derivatives as well as C. majus extract present with anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects. In this study, the LC–MS/MS method was used to determine alkaloids, phenolic acids, carboxylic acids, and hydroxybenzoic acids. We investigated five individually tested alkaloids (coptisine, berberine, chelidonine, chelerythrine, and sanguinarine) as well as C. majus root extract for their effect on the secretion of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils). Berberine, chelidonine, and chelerythrine significantly decreased the secretion of TNF-α in a concentration-dependent manner. Sanguinarine was found to be the most potent inhibitor of IL-1β secretion. However, the overproduction of IL-8 and TNF-α and a high cytotoxicity for these compounds were observed. Coptisine was highly cytotoxic and slightly decreased the secretion of the studied cytokines. The extract (1.25–12.5 μg/mL) increased cytokine secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, but an increase in cytotoxicity was also noted. The alkaloids were active at very low concentrations (0.625–2.5 μM), but their potential cytotoxic effects, except for chelidonine and chelerythrine, should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Zielińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.-D.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Monika Ewa Czerwińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Dziągwa-Becker
- Department of Weed Science and Tillage Systems, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute, Orzechowa 61, 50-540 Wrocław, Poland; (M.D.-B.); (M.K.)
| | - Andrzej Dryś
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Kucharski
- Department of Weed Science and Tillage Systems, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute, Orzechowa 61, 50-540 Wrocław, Poland; (M.D.-B.); (M.K.)
| | - Anna Jezierska-Domaradzka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.-D.); (A.M.)
| | - Bartosz J. Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.-D.); (A.M.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Cultivation, Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wroclaw Medical University, Al. Jana Kochanowskiego 14, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Hou FJ, Guo LX, Zheng KY, Song JN, Wang Q, Zheng YG. Chelidonine enhances the antitumor effect of lenvatinib on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6685-6697. [PMID: 31695406 PMCID: PMC6707434 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s215103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lenvatinib is a newly approved molecular targeted drug for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the high cost associated with this treatment poses a huge financial burden on patients and the entire public health system. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies that enhance the antitumor effect of lenvatinib. Methods The antitumor effects of chelidonine or/and lenvatinib on HCC cell lines MHCC97-H and LM-3 were examined using the 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2- H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. For the in-vivo investigation, the effect on subcutaneous or intrahepatic tumor growth in nude mice was also determined. The mRNA levels of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors were examined through quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. Results In the present study, we found that treatment with chelidonine enhanced the apoptotic effect of lenvatinib on HCC cells and the in-vivo growth of HCC tumors in nude mice. Mechanistically, treatment with chelidonine increased the expression of epithelial indicator E-cadherin, whereas it decreased the expression of mesenchymal indicators N-cadherin and Vimentin. These findings suggest that chelidonine restricted the EMT in HCC cells. Conclusion Chelidonine inhibits the process of EMT and enhances the antitumor effect of lenvatinib on HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Jie Hou
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xiao Guo
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Yan Zheng
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Na Song
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Guang Zheng
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050200, People's Republic of China
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Lee YK, Lee KW, Kim M, Lee Y, Yoo J, Hwangbo C, Park KH, Kim KD. Chelidonine Induces Caspase-Dependent and Caspase-Independent Cell Death through G 2/M Arrest in the T98G Human Glioblastoma Cell Line. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:6318179. [PMID: 31239863 PMCID: PMC6556348 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6318179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chelidonium majus L. (family Papaveraceae), commonly known as greater celandine or tetterwort, has been reported to have antibacterial and anticancer effects and chelidonine is known as a functional metabolite extracted from C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Kyeong Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerin Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Yoo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Dong Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
- PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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12
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Kazemi Noureini S, Fatemi L, Wink M. Telomere shortening in breast cancer cells (MCF7) under treatment with low doses of the benzylisoquinoline alkaloid chelidonine. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204901. [PMID: 30281650 PMCID: PMC6169906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres, the specialized dynamic structures at chromosome ends, regularly shrink with every replication. Thus, they function as an internal molecular clock counting down the number of cell divisions. However, most cancer cells escape this limitation by activating telomerase, which can maintain telomere length. Previous studies showed that the benzylisoquinoline alkaloid chelidonine stimulates multiple modes of cell death and strongly down-regulates telomerase. It is still unknown if down-regulation of telomerase by chelidonine boosts substantial telomere shortening. The breast cancer cell line MCF7 was sequentially treated with very low concentrations of chelidonine over several cell passages. Telomere length and telomerase activity were measured by a monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR and a q-TRAP assay, respectively. Changes in population size and doubling time correlated well with telomerase inhibition and telomere shortening. MCF7 cell growth was arrested completely after three sequential treatments with 0.1 μM chelidonine, each ending after 48 h, while telomere length was reduced to almost 10% of the untreated control. However, treatment with 0.01 μM chelidonine did not have any apparent consequence. In addition to dose and time dependent telomerase inhibition, chelidonine changed the splicing pattern of hTERT towards non-enzyme coding isoforms of the transcript. In conclusion, telomere length and telomere stability are strongly affected by chelidonine in addition to microtubule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Kazemi Noureini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Leili Fatemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Michael Wink
- Department of Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Zielińska S, Jezierska-Domaradzka A, Wójciak-Kosior M, Sowa I, Junka A, Matkowski AM. Greater Celandine's Ups and Downs-21 Centuries of Medicinal Uses of Chelidonium majus From the Viewpoint of Today's Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:299. [PMID: 29713277 PMCID: PMC5912214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As antique as Dioscorides era are the first records on using Chelidonium as a remedy to several sicknesses. Inspired by the "signatura rerum" principle and an apparent ancient folk tradition, various indications were given, such as anti-jaundice and cholagogue, pain-relieving, and quite often mentioned-ophthalmological problems. Central and Eastern European folk medicine has always been using this herb extensively. In this region, the plant is known under many unique vernacular names, especially in Slavonic languages, associated or not with old Greek relation to "chelidon"-the swallow. Typically for Papaveroidae subfamily, yellow-colored latex is produced in abundance and leaks intensely upon injury. Major pharmacologically relevant components, most of which were first isolated over a century ago, are isoquinoline alkaloids-berberine, chelerythrine, chelidonine, coptisine, sanguinarine. Modern pharmacology took interest in this herb but it has not ended up in gaining an officially approved and evidence-based herbal medicine status. On the contrary, the number of relevant studies and publications tended to drop. Recently, some controversial reports and sometimes insufficiently proven studies appeared, suggesting anticancer properties. Anticancer potential was in line with anecdotical knowledge spread in East European countries, however, in the absence of directly-acting cytostatic compounds, some other mechanisms might be involved. Other properties that could boost the interest in this herb are antimicrobial and antiviral activities. Being a common synanthropic weed or ruderal plant, C. majus spreads in all temperate Eurasia and acclimates well to North America. Little is known about the natural variation of bioactive metabolites, including several aforementioned isoquinoline alkaloids. In this review, we put together older and recent literature data on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical studies on C. majus aiming at a critical evaluation of state-of-the-art from the viewpoint of historical and folk indications. The controversies around this herb, the safety and drug quality issues and a prospective role in phytotherapy are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Zielińska
- Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Jezierska-Domaradzka
- Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
- Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Junka
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam M. Matkowski
- Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
- Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Zhang ZH, Mi C, Wang KS, Wang Z, Li MY, Zuo HX, Xu GH, Li X, Piao LX, Ma J, Jin X. Chelidonine inhibits TNF-α-induced inflammation by suppressing the NF-κB pathways in HCT116 cells. Phytother Res 2017; 32:65-75. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy; Yanbian University; Yanji 133002 Jilin Province China
| | - Chunliu Mi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy; Yanbian University; Yanji 133002 Jilin Province China
| | - Ke Si Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy; Yanbian University; Yanji 133002 Jilin Province China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy; Yanbian University; Yanji 133002 Jilin Province China
| | - Ming Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy; Yanbian University; Yanji 133002 Jilin Province China
| | - Hong Xiang Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy; Yanbian University; Yanji 133002 Jilin Province China
| | - Guang Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy; Yanbian University; Yanji 133002 Jilin Province China
| | - Xuezheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy; Yanbian University; Yanji 133002 Jilin Province China
| | - Lian Xun Piao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy; Yanbian University; Yanji 133002 Jilin Province China
| | - Juan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy; Yanbian University; Yanji 133002 Jilin Province China
| | - Xuejun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy; Yanbian University; Yanji 133002 Jilin Province China
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Croaker A, King GJ, Pyne JH, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Simanek V, Liu L. Carcinogenic potential of sanguinarine, a phytochemical used in 'therapeutic' black salve and mouthwash. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 774:46-56. [PMID: 29173498 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Black salves are escharotic skin cancer therapies in clinical use since the mid 19th century. Sanguinaria canadensis, a major ingredient of black salve formulations, contains a number of bioactive phytochemicals including the alkaloid sanguinarine. Despite its prolonged history of clinical use, conflicting experimental results have prevented the carcinogenic potential of sanguinarine from being definitively determined. Sanguinarine has a molecular structure similar to known polyaromatic hydrocarbon carcinogens and is a DNA intercalator. Sanguinarine also generates oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress resulting in the unfolded protein response and the formation of 8-hydroxyguanine genetic lesions. Sanguinarine has been the subject of contradictory in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity and murine carcinogenesis test results that have delayed its carcinogenic classification. Despite this, epidemiological studies have linked mouthwash that contains sanguinarine with the development of oral leukoplakia. Sanguinarine is also proposed as an aetiological agent in gallbladder carcinoma. This literature review investigates the carcinogenic potential of sanguinarine. Reasons for contradictory genotoxicity and carcinogenesis results are explored, knowledge gaps identified and a strategy for determining the carcinogenic potential of sanguinarine especialy relating to black salve are discussed. As patients continue to apply black salve, especially to skin regions suffering from field cancerization and skin malignancies, an understanding of the genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of sanguinarine is of urgent clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Croaker
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia; Wesley Medical Research Institute, Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, QLD, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graham J King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - John H Pyne
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Vilim Simanek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia.
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UPLC-MS/MS Profile of Alkaloids with Cytotoxic Properties of Selected Medicinal Plants of the Berberidaceae and Papaveraceae Families. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9369872. [PMID: 28951771 PMCID: PMC5603144 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9369872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most occurring diseases in developed and developing countries. Plant-based compounds are still researched for their anticancer activity and for their quantity in plants. Therefore, the modern chromatographic methods are applied to quantify them in plants, for example, UPLC-MS/MS (ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the content of sanguinarine, berberine, protopine, and chelidonine in Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem., Fumaria officinalis L., Glaucium flavum Crantz, Corydalis cava L., Berberis thunbergii DC., Meconopsis cambrica (L.) Vig., Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt., Macleaya cordata Willd., and Chelidonium majus L. For the first time, N,N-dimethyl-hernovine was identified in M. cambrica, B. thunbergii, M. aquifolium, C. cava, G. flavum, and C. majus; methyl-hernovine was identified in G. flavum; columbamine was identified in B. thunbergii; and methyl-corypalmine, chelidonine, and sanguinarine were identified in F. officinalis L. The richest source of protopine among all the examined species was M. cordata (5463.64 ± 26.3 μg/g). The highest amounts of chelidonine and sanguinarine were found in C. majus (51,040.0 ± 1.8 μg/g and 7925.8 ± 3.3 μg/g, resp.), while B. thunbergi contained the highest amount of berberine (6358.4 ± 4.2 μg/g).
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17
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Jeung HC, Rha SY, Shin SJ, Ahn JB, Park KH, Kim TS, Kim JJ, Roh JK, Chung HC. Changes in telomerase activity due to alternative splicing of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2385-2392. [PMID: 28781675 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression level may not always correlate with telomerase activity. The present study analyzed hTERT splicing patterns with respect to hTERT and telomerase activity in colorectal cancer. Telomerase activity was determined by telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay, and spliced variants of hTERT were identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 40 colorectal cancer tissue samples. In the lower range of telomerase activity (0-100 units), the percentage of the β variant decreased with the increment in telomerase activity, whereas in the higher range of telomerase activity (>100 units), total hTERT expression level revealed a trend toward increment. There was a positive correlation between the full-length variant level and β variant level. Conversely, there was a negative correlation between the percentage of the full-length variant and β variant. Tumor-node-metastasis stage was the strongest prognostic factor in multivariate analysis and the percentage of the full-length variant was an independent prognostic factor for survival. Telomerase activity was primarily altered with changes in alternative splicing of the full-length and β variants of hTERT in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei Cheul Jeung
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Shin
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Bae Ahn
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun Park
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Soo Kim
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ju Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Roh
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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18
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Noureini SK, Esmaeili H, Abachi F, Khiali S, Islam B, Kuta M, Saboury AA, Hoffmann M, Sponer J, Parkinson G, Haider S. Selectivity of major isoquinoline alkaloids from Chelidonium majus towards telomeric G-quadruplex: A study using a transition-FRET (t-FRET) assay. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2020-2030. [PMID: 28479277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural bioproducts are invaluable resources in drug discovery. Isoquinoline alkaloids of Chelidonium majus constitute a structurally diverse family of natural products that are of great interest, one of them being their selectivity for human telomeric G-quadruplex structure and telomerase inhibition. METHODS The study focuses on the mechanism of telomerase inhibition by stabilization of telomeric G-quadruplex structures by berberine, chelerythrine, chelidonine, sanguinarine and papaverine. Telomerase activity and mRNA levels of hTERT were estimated using quantitative telomere repeat amplification protocol (q-TRAP) and qPCR, in MCF-7 cells treated with different groups of alkaloids. The selectivity of the main isoquinoline alkaloids of Chelidonium majus towards telomeric G-quadruplex forming sequences were explored using a sensitive modified thermal FRET-melting measurement in the presence of the complementary oligonucleotide CT22. We assessed and monitored G-quadruplex topologies using circular dichroism (CD) methods, and compared spectra to previously well-characterized motifs, either alone or in the presence of the alkaloids. Molecular modeling was performed to rationalize ligand binding to the G-quadruplex structure. RESULTS The results highlight strong inhibitory effects of chelerythrine, sanguinarine and berberine on telomerase activity, most likely through substrate sequestration. These isoquinoline alkaloids interacted strongly with telomeric sequence G-quadruplex. In comparison, chelidonine and papaverine had no significant interaction with the telomeric quadruplex, while they strongly inhibited telomerase at transcription level of hTERT. Altogether, all of the studied alkaloids showed various levels and mechanisms of telomerase inhibition. CONCLUSIONS We report on a comparative study of anti-telomerase activity of the isoquinoline alkaloids of Chelidonium majus. Chelerythrine was most effective in inhibiting telomerase activity by substrate sequesteration through G-quadruplex stabilization. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding structural and molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer agents can help in developing new and more potent drugs with fewer side effects. Isoquinolines are the most biologically active agents from Chelidonium majus, which have shown to be telomeric G-quadruplex stabilizers and potent telomerase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Kazemi Noureini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, P.O.Box: 397, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Hosein Esmaeili
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, P.O.Box: 397, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Farzane Abachi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, P.O.Box: 397, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Soraia Khiali
- UCL School of Pharmacy, Brunswick Square, London, UK
| | - Barira Islam
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ali A Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jiri Sponer
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Campus Bohunice, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Shozeb Haider
- UCL School of Pharmacy, Brunswick Square, London, UK.
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Majumder R, Banik SP, Khowala S. AkP from mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus is a proteoglycan specific protease with apoptotic effect on HepG2. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:198-207. [PMID: 27180294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Termitomyces clypeatus is an edible mushroom, prized for its therapeutic values and as producer of industrially important enzymes. However, the biomedical efficacies of anticancer proteases have not been reported yet. The present study aimed to purify and characterize a serine protease (AkP) from T. clypeatus for investigating cytotoxic potency on HepG2, Hep3B, and compared the effect on normal hepatic L-02 cells. Purification and biochemical characterization of AkP were evaluated by three stage chromatography, 1D/2D-SDS-PAGE, 1D zymography, far-UV CD spectral analysis, N-terminal sequencing, MALDI-TOF/MS-MS analysis and enzyme kinetics studies. AkP could cleave the growth promoting cell surface proteoglycans of HepG2, corroborated by RP-HPLC analysis. AkP (IC50: 75±1.18nM) mediated anti-proliferative activity solely on HepG2 cells through the induction of apoptosis. Augmentation of apoptosis was attributed to up-regulation of p53 and Bax protein expression succeeded by caspase-3 activation. Serine protease inhibitor phenyl methane sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) inhibited both its proteolytic activity and cytotoxicity on HepG2. These findings demonstrate that AkP could be an effective biomolecule for killing of cancer cells by p53 restoration and surface proteoglycans cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Majumder
- Drug Development Diagnostics & Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal, India.
| | - Samudra Prosad Banik
- Maulana Azad College, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 8, Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Road, Kolkata 700013, India.
| | - Suman Khowala
- Drug Development Diagnostics & Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal, India.
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20
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Havelek R, Seifrtova M, Kralovec K, Krocova E, Tejkalova V, Novotny I, Cahlikova L, Safratova M, Opletal L, Bilkova Z, Vavrova J, Rezacova M. Comparative cytotoxicity of chelidonine and homochelidonine, the dimethoxy analogues isolated from Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae), against human leukemic and lung carcinoma cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:253-66. [PMID: 26969379 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search for new anticancer compounds is a crucial element of natural products research. PURPOSE In this study the effects of naturally occurring homochelidonine in comparison to chelidonine on cell cycle progression and cell death in leukemic T-cells with different p53 status are described. METHODS The mechanism of cytotoxic, antiproliferative, apoptosis-inducing effects and the effect on expressions of cell cycle regulatory proteins was investigated using XTT assay, Trypan blue exclusion assay, flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, xCELLigence, epi-fluorescence and 3D super resolution microscopy. A549 cells were used for xCELLigence, clonogenic assay and for monitoring microtubule stability. RESULTS We found that homochelidonine and chelidonine displayed significant cytotoxicity in examined blood cancer cells with the exception of HEL 92.1.7 and U-937 exposed to homochelidonine. Unexpectedly, homochelidonine and chelidonine-induced cytotoxicity was more pronounced in Jurkat cells contrary to MOLT-4 cells. Homochelidonine showed an antiproliferative effect on A549 cells but it was less effective compared to chelidonine. Biphasic dose-depended G1 and G2/M cell cycle arrest along with the population of sub-G1 was found after treatment with homochelidonine in MOLT-4 cells. In variance thereto, an increase in G2/M cells was detected after treatment with homochelidonine in Jurkat cells. Treatment with chelidonine induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M cell cycle in both MOLT-4 and Jurkat cells. MOLT-4 and Jurkat cells treated with homochelidonine and chelidonine showed features of apoptosis such as phosphatidylserine exposure, a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in the caspases -3/7, -8 and -9. Western blots indicate that homochelidonine and chelidonine exposure activates Chk1 and Chk2. Studies conducted with fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that chelidonine and homochelidonine inhibit tubulin polymerization in A549 cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, the data indicate that chelidonine and homochelidonine are potent inducers of cell death in cancer cell lines, highlighting their potential relevance in leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Havelek
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Seifrtova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 500 38, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Kralovec
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Krocova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Tejkalova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Novotny
- Flow Cytometry and Light Microscopy, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Videnska 1083, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Cahlikova
- ADINACO Research group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Safratova
- ADINACO Research group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomir Opletal
- ADINACO Research group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bilkova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Vavrova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove 500 01, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Rezacova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 500 38, Czech Republic
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Qu Z, Zou X, Zhang X, Sheng J, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang C, Ji Y. Chelidonine induces mitotic slippage and apoptotic-like death in SGC-7901 human gastric carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1336-44. [PMID: 26677104 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of chelidonine on mitotic slippage and apoptotic-like death in SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells. The MTT assay was performed to detect the antiproliferative effect of chelidonine. Following treatment with chelidonine (10 µmol/l), the ultrastructure changes in SGC-7901, MCF-7 and HepG2 cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The effects of chelidonine on G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells were determined by flow cytometry. Indirect immunofluorescence assay and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) were used to detect the phosphorylation level of histone H3 (Ser10) and microtubule formation was detected using LSCM following immunofluorescent labeling. Subsequent to treatment with chelidonine (10 µmol/l), expression levels of mitotic slippage-associated proteins, including BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B (BubR1), cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) and cyclin B1, and apoptosis-associated protein, caspase-3 were examined by western blotting at 24, 48 and 72 h. The half maximal inhibitory concentration of chelidonine was 23.13 µmol/l over 48 h and chelidonine induced G2/M phase arrest of cells. The phosphorylation of histone H3 at Ser10 was significantly increased following treatment with chelidonine for 24 h, indicating that chelidonine arrested the SGC-7901 cells in the M phase. Chelidonine inhibited microtubule polymerization, destroyed microtubule structures and induced cell cycle arrest in the M phase. Giant cells were observed with multiple micronuclei of varying sizes, which indicated that following a prolonged arrest in the M phase, the cells underwent mitotic catastrophe. Western blotting demonstrated that the protein expression levels of BubR1, cyclin B1 and Cdk1 decreased significantly between 48 and 72 h. Low expression levels of BubR1 and inactivation of the cyclin B1-Cdk1 complex results in the cells being arrested at mitosis and leads to mitotic slippage. In addition, apoptotic morphological changes in multinucleated cells were observed, the apoptosis rates increased gradually with administration of chelidonine in a time-dependent manner and the protein levels of caspase-3 increased significantly between 24 and 72 h. Thus, chelidonine induces mitotic slippage, and apoptotic-like death occurs in SGC-7901 cells undergoing mitotic catastrophe. Gastric cancer is a common malignancy, and ranks second in overall cancer-associated mortalities worldwide. The present study demonstrated that chelidonine induces M phase arrest and mitotic slippage of SGC-7901 human gastric carcinoma cells via downregulating the expression of BubR1, Cdk1 and cyclin B1 proteins. With the prolongation of chelidonine treatment, the giant cells with multiple micronuclei underwent mitotic slippage and were maintained in the G1 phase and did not survive. A number of multinucleated cells underwent apoptosis via a caspase-dependent signaling pathway. The current study proposes that chelidonine induces mitotic slippage and apoptotic-like death of SGC-7901 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zou
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Jiejing Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Yubin Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
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22
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Wink M. Modes of Action of Herbal Medicines and Plant Secondary Metabolites. MEDICINES 2015; 2:251-286. [PMID: 28930211 PMCID: PMC5456217 DOI: 10.3390/medicines2030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a wide diversity of secondary metabolites (SM) which serve them as defense compounds against herbivores, and other plants and microbes, but also as signal compounds. In general, SM exhibit a wide array of biological and pharmacological properties. Because of this, some plants or products isolated from them have been and are still used to treat infections, health disorders or diseases. This review provides evidence that many SM have a broad spectrum of bioactivities. They often interact with the main targets in cells, such as proteins, biomembranes or nucleic acids. Whereas some SM appear to have been optimized on a few molecular targets, such as alkaloids on receptors of neurotransmitters, others (such as phenolics and terpenoids) are less specific and attack a multitude of proteins by building hydrogen, hydrophobic and ionic bonds, thus modulating their 3D structures and in consequence their bioactivities. The main modes of action are described for the major groups of common plant secondary metabolites. The multitarget activities of many SM can explain the medical application of complex extracts from medicinal plants for more health disorders which involve several targets. Herbal medicine is not a placebo medicine but a rational medicine, and for several of them clinical trials have shown efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany.
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KIM OKHWA, HWANGBO CHEOL, KIM JUNHYEONG, LI DONGHAO, MIN BYUNGSUN, LEE JEONGHYUNG. Chelidonine suppresses migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting formation of the integrin-linked kinase/PINCH/α-parvin complex. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2161-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Noureini SK, Wink M. Dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of boldine in HepG-2 cells-telomerase inhibition and apoptosis induction. Molecules 2015; 20:3730-43. [PMID: 25719742 PMCID: PMC6272231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20033730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant metabolites are valuable sources of novel therapeutic compounds. In an anti-telomerase screening study of plant secondary metabolites, the aporphine alkaloid boldine (1,10-dimethoxy-2,9-dihydroxyaporphine) exhibited a dose and time dependent cytotoxicity against hepatocarcinoma HepG-2 cells. Here we focus on the modes and mechanisms of the growth-limiting effects of this compound. Telomerase activity and expression level of some related genes were estimated by real-time PCR. Modes of cell death also were examined by microscopic inspection, staining methods and by evaluating the expression level of some critically relevant genes. The growth inhibition was correlated with down-regulation of the catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT) gene (p < 0.01) and the corresponding reduction of telomerase activity in sub-cytotoxic concentrations of boldine (p < 0.002). However, various modes of cell death were stimulated, depending on the concentration of boldine. Very low concentrations of boldine over a few passages resulted in an accumulation of senescent cells so that HepG-2 cells lost their immortality. Moreover, boldine induced apoptosis concomitantly with increasing the expression of bax/bcl2 (p < 0.02) and p21 (p < 0.01) genes. Boldine might thus be an interesting candidate as a potential natural compound that suppresses telomerase activity in non-toxic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Kazemi Noureini
- Deptartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, P.O. Box 397, Sabzevar, 9617966376 Iran.
| | - Michael Wink
- Department of Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Noureini SK, Esmaili H. Multiple mechanisms of cell death induced by chelidonine in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 223:141-9. [PMID: 25265580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In a preliminary study screening anti-proliferative natural alkaloids, a very potent benzophenanthridine, chelidonine showed strong cytotoxicity in cancer cells. While several modes of death have been identified, most of anti-cancer attempts have focused on stimulation of cells to undergo apoptosis. Chelidonine seems to trigger multiple mechanisms in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. It induces both apoptosis and autophagy modes of cell death in a dose dependent manner. Alteration of expression levels of bax/bcl2, and dapk1a by increasing concentration of chelidonine approves switching the death mode from apoptosis induced by very low to autophagy by high concentrations of this compound. On the other hand, submicromolar concentrations of chelidonine strongly suppressed telomerase at both enzyme activity and hTERT transcriptional level. Long exposure of the cells to 50 nanomolar concentration of chelidonine considerably accelerated senescence. Altogether, chelidonine may provide a promising chemistry from nature to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Kazemi Noureini
- Dept. Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, P.O. Box: 397, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Hosein Esmaili
- Dept. Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, P.O. Box: 397, Sabzevar, Iran
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Yang ZY, Jiang BH, Teng FK, Han N, Liu ZH, Zhou JJ, Wang Y, Guo DA, Yin J. Ambiguanine A-G, hexahydrobenzophenanthridine alkaloids from Corydalis ambigua var. amurensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 105:158-163. [PMID: 24916320 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Seven hexahydrobenzophenanthridine-type alkaloids, Ambiguanine A-G, along with eight known alkaloids, were isolated from tubers of Corydalis ambigua var. amurensis. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses, with absolute configurations determined by CD experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-You Yang
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bao-Hong Jiang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fu-Kang Teng
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Na Han
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Liu
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhou
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The Chinese People's Liberation Army 463 Hospital, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - De-An Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Noureini SK, Wink M. Antiproliferative effect of the isoquinoline alkaloid papaverine in hepatocarcinoma HepG-2 cells--inhibition of telomerase and induction of senescence. Molecules 2014; 19:11846-59. [PMID: 25111025 PMCID: PMC6271551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190811846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are often immortal through up-regulation of the hTERT gene, which encodes the catalytic subunit of a special reverse transcriptase to overcome end-replication problem of chromosomes. This study demonstrates that papaverine, an isoquinoline alkaloid from the Papaveraceae, can overcome telomerase dependent immortality of HepG-2 cells that was used as a model of hepatocarcinoma. Although this alkaloid does not directly interact with telomeric sequences, papaverine inhibits telomerase through down-regulation of hTERT, which was analysed using thermal FRET and qRT-PCR, respectively. The IC50 values for the reduction of both telomerase activity and hTERT expression was 60 µM, while IC50 for cytotoxicity was 120 µM. Repeated treatments of the cells with very low non-toxic concentrations of papaverine resulted in growth arrest and strong reduction of population doublings after 40 days. This treatment induced senescent morphology in HepG-2 cells, which was evaluated by beta-galactosidase staining. Altogether, papaverine can be regarded as a promising model compound for drug design targeting cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Kazemi Noureini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, P.O. Box 397, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Michael Wink
- Department of Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Lei QF, Zhao XL, Xu LJ, Peng Y, Xiao PG. Chemical Constituents of Plants from Tribe Chelidonieae and their Bioactivities. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(14)60001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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29
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Zhao L, Wink M. The β-carboline alkaloid harmine inhibits telomerase activity of MCF-7 cells by down-regulating hTERT mRNA expression accompanied by an accelerated senescent phenotype. PeerJ 2013. [PMID: 24109558 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.174.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The end replication problem, which occurs in normal somatic cells inducing replicative senescence, is solved in most cancer cells by activating telomerase. The activity of telomerase is highly associated with carcinogenesis which makes the enzyme an attractive biomarker in cancer diagnosis and treatment. The indole alkaloid harmine has multiple pharmacological properties including DNA intercalation which can lead to frame shift mutations. In this study, harmine was applied to human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Its activity towards telomerase was analyzed by utilizing the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP). Our data indicate that harmine exhibits a pronounced cytotoxicity and induces an anti-proliferation state in MCF-7 cells which is accompanied by a significant inhibition of telomerase activity and an induction of an accelerated senescence phenotype by over-expressing elements of the p53/p21 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA , USA ; Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University , Heidelberg , Germany
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30
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Zhao L, Wink M. The β-carboline alkaloid harmine inhibits telomerase activity of MCF-7 cells by down-regulating hTERT mRNA expression accompanied by an accelerated senescent phenotype. PeerJ 2013; 1:e174. [PMID: 24109558 PMCID: PMC3792181 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The end replication problem, which occurs in normal somatic cells inducing replicative senescence, is solved in most cancer cells by activating telomerase. The activity of telomerase is highly associated with carcinogenesis which makes the enzyme an attractive biomarker in cancer diagnosis and treatment. The indole alkaloid harmine has multiple pharmacological properties including DNA intercalation which can lead to frame shift mutations. In this study, harmine was applied to human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Its activity towards telomerase was analyzed by utilizing the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP). Our data indicate that harmine exhibits a pronounced cytotoxicity and induces an anti-proliferation state in MCF-7 cells which is accompanied by a significant inhibition of telomerase activity and an induction of an accelerated senescence phenotype by over-expressing elements of the p53/p21 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA , USA ; Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University , Heidelberg , Germany
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31
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Saha SK, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Molecular approaches towards development of purified natural products and their structurally known derivatives as efficient anti-cancer drugs: current trends. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 714:239-48. [PMID: 23819913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several natural products and their derivatives, either in purified or structurally identified form, exhibit immense pharmacological and biological properties, some of them showing considerable anticancer potential. Although the molecular mechanisms of action of some of these products are yet to be elucidated, extensive research in this area continues to generate new data that are clinically exploitable. Recent advancement in molecular biology, high throughput screening, biomarker identifications, target selection and genomic approaches have enabled us to understand salient interactions of natural products and their derivatives with cancer cells vis-à-vis normal cells. In this review we highlight the recent approaches and application of innovative technologies made to improve quality as well as efficiency of structurally identified natural products and their derivatives, particularly in small molecular forms capable of being used in "targeted therapies" in oncology. These products preferentially involve multiple mechanistic pathways and overcome chemo-resistance in tumor types with cumulative action. We also mention briefly a few physico-chemical features that compare natural products with drugs in recent natural product discovery approaches. We further report here a few purified natural products as examples that provide molecular interventions in cancer therapeutics to give the reader a glimpse of the current trends of approach for discovering useful anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santu Kumar Saha
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
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32
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Stephens L, Whitehouse J, Polley M. Western herbal medicine, epigenetics, and endometriosis. J Altern Complement Med 2013; 19:853-9. [PMID: 23738681 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2012.0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an enigmatic disease characterized by the presence and growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. The etiology of endometriosis is poorly understood, yet recent evidence suggests that epigenetic aberrations and heritable changes in the genome may be the key to understanding how to approach this disease. Difficulty in long-term management of endometriosis symptoms and unpredictability of treatment outcome necessitate research into other treatment modalities, such as Western herbal medicine. This article reviews commonly used herbs in the treatment of endometriosis, the effects of phytochemical constituents on endometrial cells, and the impact on the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Stephens
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster , London, United Kingdom
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Heo JI, Kim JH, Lee JM, Lim SS, Kim SC, Park JB, Kim JB, Lee JY. Antioxidant Activity and Its Mechanism of Chelidonium majus Extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7783/kjmcs.2013.21.2.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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El-Readi MZ, Eid S, Ashour ML, Tahrani A, Wink M. Modulation of multidrug resistance in cancer cells by chelidonine and Chelidonium majus alkaloids. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:282-294. [PMID: 23238299 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells often develop multidrug resistance (MDR) which is a multidimensional problem involving several mechanisms and targets. This study demonstrates that chelidonine and an alkaloid extract from Chelidonium majus, which contains protoberberine and benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids, has the ability to overcome MDR of different cancer cell lines through interaction with ABC-transporters, CYP3A4 and GST, by induction of apoptosis, and cytotoxic effects. Chelidonine and the alkaloid extract inhibited P-gp/MDR1 activity in a concentration-dependent manner in Caco-2 and CEM/ADR5000 and reversed their doxorubicin resistance. In addition, chelidonine and the alkaloid extract inhibited the activity of the drug modifying enzymes CYP3A4 and GST in a dose-dependent manner. The alkaloids induced apoptosis in MDR cells which was accompanied by an activation of caspase-3, -8,-6/9, and phosphatidyl serine (PS) exposure. cDNA arrays were applied to identify differentially expressed genes after treatment with chelidonine and the alkaloid extract. The expression analysis identified a common set of regulated genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle, and drug metabolism. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with 50 μg/ml alkaloid extract and 50 μM chelidonine for up to 48 h resulted in a significant decrease in mRNA levels of P-gp/MDR1, MRP1, BCRP, CYP3A4, GST, and hPXR and in a significant increase in caspase-3 and caspase-8 mRNA. Thus, chelidonine is a promising model compound for overcoming MDR and for enhancing cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics, especially against leukaemia cells. Its efficacy needs to be confirmed in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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35
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Noureini SK, Wink M. Antiproliferative effects of crocin in HepG2 cells by telomerase inhibition and hTERT down-regulation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:2305-9. [PMID: 22901211 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocin, the main pigment of Crocus sativus L., has been shown to have antiproliferative effects on cancer cells, but the involved mechanisms are only poor understood. This study focused on probable effect of crocin on the immortality of hepatic cancer cells. Cytotoxicity of crocin (IC50 3 mg/ml) in hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells was determined after 48 h by neutral red uptake assay and MTT test. Immortality was investigated through quantification of relative telomerase activity with a quantitative real-time PCR-based telomerase repeat amplification protocol (qTRAP). Telomerase activity in 0.5 μg protein extract of HepG2 cells treated with 3 mg/ml crocin was reduced to about 51% as compared to untreated control cells. Two mechanisms of inhibition, i.e. interaction of crocin with telomeric quadruplex sequences and down regulation of hTERT expression, were examined using FRET analysis to measure melting temperature of a synthetic telomeric oligonucleotide in the presence of crocin and quantitative real-time RT-PCR, respectively. No significant changes were observed in the Tm telomeric oligonucleotides, while the relative expression level of the catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT) gene showed a 60% decrease as compared to untreated control cells. In conclusion, telomerase activity of HepG2 cells decreases after treatment with crocin, which is probably caused by down-regulation of the expression of the catalytic subunit of the enzyme.
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Isolani ME, Pietra D, Balestrini L, Borghini A, Deri P, Imbriani M, Bianucci AM, Batistoni R. The in vivo effect of chelidonine on the stem cell system of planarians. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 686:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jiang CP, Ding H, Shi DH, Wang YR, Li EG, Wu JH. Pro-apoptotic effects of tectorigenin on human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:1753-64. [PMID: 22553399 PMCID: PMC3332288 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i15.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of tectorigenin on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 cells.
METHODS: Tectorigenin, one of the main components of rhizome of Iris tectorum, was prepared by simple methods, such as extraction, filtration, concentration, precipitation and recrystallization. HepG2 cells were incubated with tectorigenin at different concentrations, and their viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptosis was detected by morphological observation of nuclear change, agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA ladder, and flow cytometry with Hoechst 33342, Annexin V-EGFP and propidium iodide staining. Generation of reactive oxygen species was quantified using DCFH-DA. Intracellular Ca2+ was monitored by Fura 2-AM. Mitochondrial membrane potential was monitored using Rhodamine 123. Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol was detected by Western blotting. Activities of caspase-3, -8 and -9 were investigated by Caspase Activity Assay Kit.
RESULTS: The viability of HepG2 cells treated by tectorigenin decreased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The concentration that reduced the number of viable HepG2 cells by 50% (IC50) after 12, 24 and 48 h of incubation was 35.72 mg/L, 21.19 mg/L and 11.06 mg/L, respectively. However, treatment with tectorigenin at 20 mg/L resulted in a very slight cytotoxicity to L02 cells after incubation for 12, 24 or 48 h. Tectorigenin at a concentration of 20 mg/L greatly inhibited the viability of HepG2 cells and induced the condensation of chromatin and fragmentation of nuclei. Tectorigenin induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Compared with the viability rate, induction of apoptosis was the main mechanism of the anti-proliferation effect of tectorigenin in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, tectorigenin-induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells was associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species, increased intracellular [Ca2+]i, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, translocation of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-9 and -3.
CONCLUSION: Tectorigenin induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells mainly via mitochondrial-mediated pathway, and produces a slight cytotoxicity to L02 cells.
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Visnyei K, Onodera H, Damoiseaux R, Saigusa K, Petrosyan S, De Vries D, Ferrari D, Saxe J, Panosyan EH, Masterman-Smith M, Mottahedeh J, Bradley KA, Huang J, Sabatti C, Nakano I, Kornblum HI. A molecular screening approach to identify and characterize inhibitors of glioblastoma stem cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:1818-28. [PMID: 21859839 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is among the most lethal of all cancers. GBM consist of a heterogeneous population of tumor cells among which a tumor-initiating and treatment-resistant subpopulation, here termed GBM stem cells, have been identified as primary therapeutic targets. Here, we describe a high-throughput small molecule screening approach that enables the identification and characterization of chemical compounds that are effective against GBM stem cells. The paradigm uses a tissue culture model to enrich for GBM stem cells derived from human GBM resections and combines a phenotype-based screen with gene target-specific screens for compound identification. We used 31,624 small molecules from 7 chemical libraries that we characterized and ranked based on their effect on a panel of GBM stem cell-enriched cultures and their effect on the expression of a module of genes whose expression negatively correlates with clinical outcome: MELK, ASPM, TOP2A, and FOXM1b. Of the 11 compounds meeting criteria for exerting differential effects across cell types used, 4 compounds showed selectivity by inhibiting multiple GBM stem cells-enriched cultures compared with nonenriched cultures: emetine, n-arachidonoyl dopamine, n-oleoyldopamine (OLDA), and n-palmitoyl dopamine. ChemBridge compounds #5560509 and #5256360 inhibited the expression of the 4 mitotic module genes. OLDA, emetine, and compounds #5560509 and #5256360 were chosen for more detailed study and inhibited GBM stem cells in self-renewal assays in vitro and in a xenograft model in vivo. These studies show that our screening strategy provides potential candidates and a blueprint for lead compound identification in larger scale screens or screens involving other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koppany Visnyei
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Liu L, Xie JW, Wang X, Xie YM. EGCG in combination with radiotherapy down-regulates hTERT expression in HepG2 cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:1873-1878. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i18.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in combination with radiotherapy (different doses) on the expression of hTERT in HepG2 cells and to explore the possibility of using EGCG as a radiation sensitizer.
METHODS: To find an optimal EGCG dose used in subsequent experiments, the effect of different concentrations of EGCG on the proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 cells was detected by MTT assay and fluorescence microscopy. After HepG2 cells were treated with EGCG (25 μmol/L) in combination with different doses of radiotherapy (2, 4 and 6 Gy, respectively), the expression of hTERT in HepG2 cells was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.
RESULTS: EGCG could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Treatment of HepG2 cells with EGCG in combination with different doses of radiotherapy (2, 4 and 6 Gy, respectively) significantly down-regulated hTERT expression when compared with those treated with EGCG alone (0.477 ± 0.025 vs 0.973 ± 0.024, 1.110 ± 0.083 vs 1.382 ± 0.051, 1.174 ± 0.128 vs 1.452 ± 0.109; all P < 0.01 or 0.05), particularly prominent in cells undergoing radiotherapy at a dose of 2 GY.
CONCLUSION: EGCG can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells. EGCG in combination with different doses of radiotherapy can down-regulate hTERT expression in HepG2 cells and thus inhibit telomerase activity. EGCG may be a potential radiation sensitizer.
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