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Liu X, Cai L, Ji J, Tian D, Guo Y, Chen S, Zhao M, Su M. Genomic characteristics and evolution of Multicentric Esophageal and gastric Cardiac Cancer. Biol Direct 2024; 19:51. [PMID: 38956687 PMCID: PMC11218177 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal carcinoma (EC) and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA) have high incidence rates in the Chaoshan region of South China. Multifocal esophageal and cardiac cancer (MECC) is commonly observed in this region in clinical practice. However, the genomic characteristics of MECC remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a total of 2123 clinical samples of EC and GCA were analyzed to determine the frequency of multifocal tumors, as well as their occurrence sites and pathological types. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the relationship between age, sex, and tumor state concerning survival in our analysis of the cohort of 541 patients with available follow-up data. We performed whole-genome sequencing on 20 tumor foci and 10 normal samples from 10 MECC patients to infer clonal structure on 6 MECC patients to explore genome characteristics. RESULT The MECC rate of EC and GCA was 5.65% (121 of 2123). Age and sex were potential factors that may influence the risk of MECC (p < 0.001). Furthermore, MECC patients showed worse survival compared with single tumor patients. We found that 12 foci from 6 patients were multicentric origin model (MC), which exhibited significant heterogeneity of variations in paired foci and had an increased number of germline mutations in immune genes compared to metastatic model. In MC cases, different lesions in the same patient were driven by distinct mutation and copy number variation (CNV) events. Although TP53 and other driver mutation genes have a high frequency in the samples, their mutation sites show significant heterogeneity in paired tumor specimens. On the other hand, CNV genes exhibited higher concordance in paired samples, especially in the amplification of oncogenes and the deletion of tumor suppressor genes. CONCLUSIONS The extent of inter-tumor heterogeneity suggests both monoclonal and polyclonal origins of MECC, which could provide insight into the genome diversity of MECC and guide clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Lijun Cai
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
- Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dongping Tian
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Shaobin Chen
- Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Novogene Co., LTD, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Min Su
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
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Lu H, Zhao HP, Liu YY, Yu J, Wang R, Gao JB. Esophageal myoepithelial carcinoma: Four case reports. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2938-2947. [PMID: 35434113 PMCID: PMC8968825 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i9.2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myoepithelial carcinoma (MC) is a rare malignant neoplasm that mainly occurs in the salivary gland. MC can be confused with many other tumors when arising outside the salivary glands because it presents with a wide spectrum of cytomorphological and immunohistochemical features. To the best of our knowledge, esophageal MC has not been previously reported. The purpose of this study was to describe the imaging and clinicopathological features of esophageal MC to improve the understanding of the disease.
CASE SUMMARY Three men and one woman diagnosed with esophageal MC were enrolled in this study. The primary clinical symptom was dysphagia. The mass was mainly located in the middle esophagus. Laboratory tests revealed that two patients who underwent tumor abnormal protein were positive. Radical resection was performed for all patients with no adjuvant therapy. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed infiltrative growth of epithelial cells with hyperchromatic and pleomorphic nuclei toward the periphery. Immunohistochemistry showed that all patients were positive for P63, and most patients were positive for SOX-10, AE1/AE3, P40, and calponin. The Ki-67 values were all higher than 60%. Patient one died one month after discharge from an unknown cause. Patient two lost to follow-up. At patient three’s four-month review, enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed anastomosis recurrence and bilateral lung metastases. He abandoned treatment and lost to follow-up. Patient four attended review appointments regularly and remained in a good general condition.
CONCLUSION Here, we present the first report of esophageal MC and review the relevant literature. Esophageal MC is more likely to occur in the middle esophagus in older patients with male dominance. A fungating type observed on CT scanning may help narrow down the differential diagnosis. Cystic change or necrosis may occur in larger lesions. The final diagnosis should be made according to the pathological examination. The treatment for MC is surgical resection, and the efficacy of chemotherapy needs to be determined with future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui-Ping Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi-Yang Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian-Bo Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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3
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Lu H, Zhao HP, Liu YY, Yu J, Wang R, Gao JB. Esophageal myoepithelial carcinoma: Four case reports. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2936-2945. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i9.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myoepithelial carcinoma (MC) is a rare malignant neoplasm that mainly occurs in the salivary gland. MC can be confused with many other tumors when arising outside the salivary glands because it presents with a wide spectrum of cytomorphological and immunohistochemical features. To the best of our knowledge, esophageal MC has not been previously reported. The purpose of this study was to describe the imaging and clinicopathological features of esophageal MC to improve the understanding of the disease.
CASE SUMMARY Three men and one woman diagnosed with esophageal MC were enrolled in this study. The primary clinical symptom was dysphagia. The mass was mainly located in the middle esophagus. Laboratory tests revealed that two patients who underwent tumor abnormal protein were positive. Radical resection was performed for all patients with no adjuvant therapy. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed infiltrative growth of epithelial cells with hyperchromatic and pleomorphic nuclei toward the periphery. Immunohistochemistry showed that all patients were positive for P63, and most patients were positive for SOX-10, AE1/AE3, P40, and calponin. The Ki-67 values were all higher than 60%. Patient one died one month after discharge from an unknown cause. Patient two lost to follow-up. At patient three’s four-month review, enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed anastomosis recurrence and bilateral lung metastases. He abandoned treatment and lost to follow-up. Patient four attended review appointments regularly and remained in a good general condition.
CONCLUSION Here, we present the first report of esophageal MC and review the relevant literature. Esophageal MC is more likely to occur in the middle esophagus in older patients with male dominance. A fungating type observed on CT scanning may help narrow down the differential diagnosis. Cystic change or necrosis may occur in larger lesions. The final diagnosis should be made according to the pathological examination. The treatment for MC is surgical resection, and the efficacy of chemotherapy needs to be determined with future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui-Ping Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi-Yang Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian-Bo Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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Li XY, Chen LQ. Letter to the Editor: Dysphagia Score as a Predictor of Adverse Events Due to Triplet Chemotherapy and Oncological Outcomes in 434 Consecutive Patients with Esophageal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:844-845. [PMID: 34129152 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Long-Qi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Wen D, Wen J, Zou W, Yang Y, Wen X, Chen Y, Akazawa K, Geng C, Shan B. Site-Specific Variation in Familial Cancer as Suggested by Family History, Multiple Primary Cancer, Age at Onset, and Sex Ratio Associated With Upper, Middle, and Lower Third Esophageal and Gastric Cardia Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:579379. [PMID: 33194702 PMCID: PMC7662118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.579379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In China, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) differ in terms of multiple primary cancer (MPC) and male-to-female sex ratio (MFSR). Methods We studied site-specific variation in familial cancer by comparing family history (FH), MPC, age at onset (AO), and MFSR among 8768 patients with ESCC/GCA. Results ESCC/GCA patients with a positive FH are associated with a significantly higher rate of MPC and a younger AO than those without (sex-specifically: MPC 1.6% vs. 0.7%, P<0.01 and 3.2% vs. 0.8%, P<0.01; AO 53.1 ± 8.1 vs. 54.5 ± 8.2, P=0.000 and 52.9 ± 7.4 vs. 54.0 ± 8.0, P=0.005). Among patients with a positive FH, MPC decreases significantly from upper-, middle-, and lower-third ESCC to GCA (sex-specifically: 53.6%, 1.8%, 1.6%, 0.8%, P=0.000; and 71.4%, 1.5%, 2.2%, 1.6%, P=0.000). From MPC, upper-, middle-, and lower-third ESCC to GCA, AO increased sex-specifically: 51.9 ± 7.2, 52.8 ± 7.9, 52.1 ± 8.3, 54.3 ± 8.4, 55.6 ± 7.6 (P=0.000) and 49.3 ± 6.5, 51.8 ± 9.8, 52.6 ± 7.8, 54.4 ± 8.0, 55.7 ± 7.2 (P=0.000), and FH decreased: 43.8%, 35.1%, 28.2%, 29.5%, 24.4% (P=0.000) and 55.2%, 26.7%, 25.0%, 24.3%, 22.3% (P=0.000). The preponderance of males, smoking, alcohol consumption, and patients ≥50 years old increased from 2.2:1, 1.7:1, 1.0:1, 2.0:1 in ESCC to 6.1:1, 2.8:1, 2.5:1, 4.0:1 in GCA, yet more MPCs were associated with non-preponderant than preponderant counterparts; particularly in GCA, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion The proportion of familial cancer may decrease from upper-, middle-, and lower-third ESCC to GCA. This entails molecular investigation, and appreciating this may help us devise a better screening strategy or individualize cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denggui Wen
- Cancer Center, Hebei Cancer Institute and the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junpeng Wen
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, HeBei University, Baoding, China
| | - Wendi Zou
- Medical Imaging, Hospital of Sinopec Shengli Oilfield, Dongying, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Medical Image, Hebei Tumor Hospital and the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoduo Wen
- Department of Medical Image, Hebei Tumor Hospital and the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuetong Chen
- Cancer Center, Hebei Cancer Institute and the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kohei Akazawa
- Department of Medical Information, Affiliated Hospital of Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Cuizhi Geng
- Cancer Center, Hebei Cancer Institute and the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Cancer Center, Hebei Cancer Institute and the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Yun H, Chen S, Chen Y, Liu Z. ERK expression and its correlation with STAT1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:45249-45258. [PMID: 28431406 PMCID: PMC5542183 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is one of leading causes of cancer-related deaths in Chaoshan region a high-risk region for esophageal cancer. Extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) usually play an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. However, accumulating evidence has shown that the ERK was aberrantly expressed in cancers and correlated with STAT1 depression. RESULTS The activated ERK downregulates STAT1 expression in ESCC cell lines and U0126 increases expression of STAT1. Our immunohistochemistry result also confirms that the expression of ERK inversely correlated with that of STAT1 in ESCC tumors. In addition, a significantly higher expression of ERK/p-ERK was found in ESCC tissues in comparison with case-matched normal esophageal tissues (p < 0.05). Moreover, the immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that ERK expression was paralleled with the differentiation and clinical stage. In 74 patients with follow-up data, those with ERKlow tumors survived significantly longer than those with ERKhigh tumors (p = 0.04); patients with ERKlow/STAT1high tumors had the longest survival (p = 0.001). MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate whether ERK can mediated STAT1 expression in ESCC, we used the MEK plasmid and U0126, a MEK inhibitor, to treat the cell. To further confirm our in-vitro study, we detected the ERK, p-ERK and STAT1 expression in 131 ESCC cases and 22 case-matched normal esophageal tissues adjacent to the tumors specimens. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide pathological evidence that ERK/p-ERK is negatively correlated with STAT1 in ESCC. Our data suggests that inhibition of ERK and/or restoration of STAT1 expression maybe useful therapeutic strategies for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hailong Yun
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shubiao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yelong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoyong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Li WS, Tian DP, Guan XY, Yun H, Wang HT, Xiao Y, Bi C, Ying S, Su M. Esophageal intraepithelial invasion of Helicobacter pylori correlates with atypical hyperplasia. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:2626-32. [PMID: 24254881 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a common pathogen residing in the gastrointestinal tract, has been well characterized in stomach cancer,while its correlation with esophageal cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we aim to assess the relationship between esophageal intraepithelial H. pylori invasion and inflammation as well as atypical hyperplasia in esophageal squamous epithelial tissues. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue samples from 196 individuals from both southern and northern esophageal carcinoma high-risk areas in China were examined (125 from northern high-risk areas, 71 from southern high-risk area), while additional 30 samples were collected adjacent to the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (A-ESCC). H. pylori infection was identified by Giemsa staining, immuno-histochemical staining, and H. pylori 16S rRNA-based PCR. A significant increase of H. pylori infection was found in tumor tissues (including ESCC and A-ESCC samples) compared to that of non-tumor tissues (p < 0.05). The positive rate of H. pylori 16S rRNA in ESCC, A-ESCC, and normal groups were 62.5, 74.1, and 26.7%, respectively. The PCR results showed that the positive incidence of the H. pylori virulence factor CagA gene in tumor (ESCC and A-ESCC) and normal groups was 54.9 and 20%, respectively (p < 0.05). To explore the possible causes of CagA+ H. pylori infection leading to carcinogenesis, we found that CagA+ H. pylori filtrate induced DNA strand breaks in esophageal epithelial NE3 cells, suggesting that H. pylori infection may be an original cause leading to atypical hyperplasia of esophageal squamous epithelial tissues and contributed to pathological carcinogenesis of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-sheng Li
- Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Institute of Clinical Pathology & Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yun H, Lai R, Su M. Correlation of STAT1 with apoptosis and cell-cycle markers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113928. [PMID: 25438156 PMCID: PMC4250046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently found evidence that STAT1 in esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) cells exerts tumor suppressor function, and it regulates five key regulators of apoptosis or cell-cycle progression, including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, survivin, cyclin D1 and p21. In this study, we confirmed these findings in four ESCC cell lines. Using immunohistochemistry, we also assessed the expression of these proteins in 62 primary tumors. The expression of these markers was heterogeneous, ranging 39 to 69% of the cohort. Significant correlation was found between STAT1 and three proteins (p21, Bcl-xL and survivin), whereas only a trend was identified for cyclin D1 and Bcl-2. We then correlated the expression of these proteins with several clinicopathologic parameters including lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion, clinical stage and overall survival. Significant correlations were found between Bcl-2 and deep invasion (p = 0.033), survivin and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.006), as well as cyclin D1 and clinical stage (p = 0.014). Patients with p21-positive tumors had a significantly longer survival compared to those with p21-negative tumors (p = 0.031). To conclude, our findings support the concept that STAT1 exerts its tumor suppressor effects in ESCC via modulating the expression of key regulators of apoptosis and cell-cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yaozhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hailong Yun
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail: (RL); (MS)
| | - Min Su
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- * E-mail: (RL); (MS)
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Liu S, Huang B, Huang H, Li X, Chen G, Zhang G, Lin W, Guo D, Wang J, Yu Z, Liu X, Su M. Patrilineal background of esophageal cancer and gastric cardia cancer patients in a Chaoshan high-risk area in China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81670. [PMID: 24339953 PMCID: PMC3858265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Taihang Mountain range of north-central China, the Southern region area of Fujian province, and the Chaoshan plain of Guangdong province are 3 major regions in China well known for their high incidence of esophageal cancer (EC). These areas also exhibit high incidences of gastric cardia cancer (GCC). The ancestors of the Chaoshanese, now the major inhabitants in the Chaoshan plain, were from north-central China. We hypothesized that EC and GCC patients in Chaoshan areas share a common ancestry with Taihang Mountain patients. We analyzed 16 East Asian-specific Y-chromosome biallelic markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms; Y-SNPs) and 6 Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci in 72 EC and 48 GCC patients from Chaoshan and 49 EC and 63 GCC patients from the Taihang Mountain range. We also compared data for 32 Chaoshan Hakka people and 24 members of the aboriginal She minority who live near the Chaoshan area. Analysis was by frequency distribution and principal component, correlation and hierarchical cluster analysis of Y-SNP. Chaoshan patients were closely related to Taihang Mountain patients, even though they are geographically distant. Y-STR analysis revealed that the 4 patient groups were more closely related with each other than with other groups. Network analysis of the haplogroup O3a3c1-M117 showed a high degree of patient-specific substructure. We suggest that EC and GCC patients from these 2 areas share a similar patrilineal genetic background, which may play an important role in the genetic factor of EC and GCC in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology & Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pathology & Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haihua Huang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Institute of Clinical Pathology & Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangcan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guohong Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pathology & Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wengting Lin
- Institute of Clinical Pathology & Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pathology & Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pathology & Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zefeng Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology & Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology & Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Su
- Institute of Clinical Pathology & Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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Huang H, Su M, Li X, Li H, Tian D, Gao Y, Guo Y. Y-chromosome evidence for common ancestry of three Chinese populations with a high risk of esophageal cancer. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11118. [PMID: 20559544 PMCID: PMC2886054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High rates of esophageal cancer (EC) are found in people of the Henan Taihang Mountain, Fujian Minnan, and Chaoshan regions of China. Historical records describe great waves of populations migrating from north-central China (the Henan and Shanxi Hans) through coastal Fujian Province to the Chaoshan plain. Although these regions are geographically distant, we hypothesized that EC high-risk populations in these three areas could share a common ancestry. Accordingly, we used 16 East Asian-specific Y-chromosome biallelic markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms; Y-SNPs) and six Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci to infer the origin of the EC high-risk Chaoshan population (CSP) and the genetic relationship between the CSP and the EC high-risk Henan Taihang Mountain population (HTMP) and Fujian population (FJP). The predominant haplogroups in these three populations are O3*, O3e*, and O3e1, with no significant difference between the populations in the frequency of these genotypes. Frequency distribution and principal component analysis revealed that the CSP is closely related to the HTMP and FJP, even though the former is geographically nearer to other populations (Guangfu and Hakka clans). The FJP is between the CSP and HTMP in the principal component plot. The CSP, FJP and HTMP are more closely related to Chinese Hans than to minorities, except Manchu Chinese, and are descendants of Sino-Tibetans, not Baiyues. Correlation analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and phylogenetic analysis (neighbor-joining tree) all support close genetic relatedness among the CSP, FJP and HTMP. The network for haplogroup O3 (including O3*, O3e* and O3e1) showed that the HTMP have highest STR haplotype diversity, suggesting that the HTMP may be a progenitor population for the CSP and FJP. These findings support the potentially important role of shared ancestry in understanding more about the genetic susceptibility in EC etiology in high-risk populations and have implications for determining the molecular basis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Huang
- The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Su
- The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Center for Anthropological Studies, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Dongping Tian
- The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxia Gao
- The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yubai Guo
- The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Liu M, Su M, Tian DP, Zhang GH, Yang HL, Gao YX. Heredity, diet and lifestyle as determining risk factors for the esophageal cancer on Nanao Island in Southern China. Fam Cancer 2010; 9:229-38. [PMID: 19916058 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-009-9300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this case-control study we evaluated contribution of environmental and genetic factors for risk of esophageal cancer (EC) by studying populations on Nanao Island (highest risk area for EC in China) and Shanwei (low risk region). Data on lifestyle, diet and family history were collected from the 166 newly diagnosed EC patients on Nanao between 2003 and 2004, from their 1450 first degree relatives and from controls on Nanao and Shanwei. Univariate and logistic regression analysis, family aggregation patterns, standardized incidence ratio (SIR), segregation ratio and heritability index were evaluated. The family cancer history was a significant risk factor for the two scenarios; Nanao cases versus Nanao controls, and Nanao controls versus Shanwei controls. Other risk factors included smoking, alcohol and fermented fish sauce. After adjusting for confounding variables, family history was independently associated with the occurrence of EC in Nanao cases versus Nanao controls. The incidence in the first degree relatives of Nanao cases was 0.86%, significantly higher than that of the public (0.12%) and SIR value was 1.44 in the first degree relatives of the 166 EC cases. The segregation ratio was 0.11 and the heritability index among first degree relatives was 40%. Our study indicates that there are steady pathogenic risk factors in the Nanao population's lifestyle but genetic factors also play an important role for EC onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
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12
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Guohong Z, Min S, DuenMei W, Songnian H, Min L, Jinsong L, Hongbin L, Feng Z, Dongping T, Heling Y, Zhicai L, Shiyong L, Quansheng G, Xiaoyun L, Yuxia G. Genetic heterogeneity of oesophageal cancer in high-incidence areas of southern and northern China. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9668. [PMID: 20300624 PMCID: PMC2837742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Oesophageal cancer is one of the most common and deadliest cancers worldwide. Our previous population-based study reported a high prevalence of oesophageal cancer in Chaoshan, Guangdong Province, China. Ancestors of the Chaoshan population migrated from the Taihang Mountain region of north-central China, which is another high-incidence area for oesophageal cancer. The purpose of the present study was to obtain evidence of inherited susceptibility to oesophageal cancer in the Chaoshan population, with reference to the Taihang Mountain population, with the eventual goal of molecular identification of the disease genes. METHODS We conducted familial correlation, commingling, and complex segregation analyses of 224 families from the Chaoshan population and 403 families from the Taihang population using the FPMM program of S.A.G.E. version 5.3.0. A second analysis focused on specific families having large numbers of affected individuals or early onset of the disease. RESULTS For the general population, moderate sib-sib correlation was noticed for esophageal cancer. Additionally, brother-brother correlation was even higher. Commingling analyses indicated that a three-component distribution model best accounts for the variation in age of onset of oesophageal cancer, and that a multifactorial model provides the best fit to the general population data. An autosomal dominant mode and a dominant or recessive major gene with polygenic inheritance were found to be the best models of inherited susceptibility to oesophageal cancer in some large families. CONCLUSIONS The current results provide evidence for inherited susceptibility to oesophageal cancer in certain high-risk groups in China, and support efforts to identify the susceptibility genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Guohong
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Su Min
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wang DuenMei
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Songnian
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Min
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Jinsong
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lin Hongbin
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Feng
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Dongping
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang Heling
- Health Bureau of Nanao Island, Nanao, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liu Zhicai
- Linzhou Tumor Hospital, Linzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lian Shiyong
- Linzhou Tumor Hospital, Linzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Guo Quansheng
- Linzhou Tumor Hospital, Linzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Li Xiaoyun
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gao Yuxia
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
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13
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Zhang GH, Su M, Tian DP, Huang HH, Wu XY, Zheng RM, Li QS. Analysis of basement membrane structure and inflammation during the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the Chinese Chaoshan high risk region. Cancer Invest 2008; 26:296-305. [PMID: 18317971 DOI: 10.1080/07357900701683901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To investigate relationships between basement membrane structure, inflammation, beta1 integrin expression, activation of ERK/MAPK signaling pathways, and cell proliferation in esophageal mucosa at various stages during the evolution of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Three tissue arrays were made of 228 tissue cores from 428 surgically-resected specimens. The arrays included 26 samples of normal epithelium, 28 with hyperplasia, 18 with dysplasia, 27 with carcinoma in situ and 129 with invasive carcinoma. In addition, 21 cases of hyperplasia, 13 cases of dysplasia and 13 case of carcinoma in situ were obtained by manual microdissection of unfixed frozen tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were used to evaluate the epithelium and inflammation. The periodic acid-Schiff stain and an immunohistochemical stain for laminin were used to examine the structure of basement membranes. The expression of beta1 integrin, p-ERK, and Ki67 were evaluated by quantitative immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR and Western blots were also used to detect expression of beta1 integrin. RESULTS Quantitative scales were developed to classify basement membrane structure and inflammation. Basement membrane alterations correlated with the degree of epithelial change (chi2 = 501.9, p < 0.01) and with the degree of lymphocytic infiltration in the lamina propria and epithelium (chi2 = 273.4, p < 0.01). There was a significant relationship between the extent of basement membrane alteration and the expression of beta1 integrin, p-ERK, and Ki67. CONCLUSIONS The correlations suggest that there is a direct relationship between basement membrane structure and the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
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Su M, Liu M, Tian DP, Li XY, Zhang GH, Yang HL, Fan X, Huang HH, Gao YX. Temporal trends of esophageal cancer during 1995-2004 in Nanao Island, an extremely high-risk area in China. Eur J Epidemiol 2007; 22:43-8. [PMID: 17195051 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-006-9086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to investigate the temporal malignant tumor incidence rates among the 70,000 residents at the relatively isolated Nanao Island in South China Sea. The data on all malignant tumor cases from Nanao Cancer Registry during 1995-2004 were coded, computerized, and analyzed using the software SPSS10.0. The tumor incident cases, crude incident rate, age-standardized incidence rate, their sex distribution and temporal trend were assessed. A total of 1450 new cancer cases (990 males and 460 females) were identified. The annual average age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of malignant tumors was 208.18/100,000. The age-standardized incidence rate of the ten leading cancers in both sexes combined per 100,000 population were 74.47 for esophageal cancer (EC), 34.81 for cardiac cancer (CC), 25.66 for liver cancer, 26.01 for lung cancer, 18.52 for stomach cancer, 4.45 for nasopharyngeal cancer, 3.91 for breast cancer, 2.53 for colon/rectum cancer, 2.45 for bladder cancer and 1.92 for pancreatic cancer. These ten types of cancers make up to 93% of all cancer cases, with EC and CC being the most prevalent and making up 52% of the total cases. The incidence rates of esophagus, liver, lung, breast, nasopharyngeal, and colon/rectum cancers showed increasing trends during the period from 1995 to 2004 in Nanao Island. Astounding the EC ASR were 72-150/100,000 among male and 26-64/100,000 among female in Nanao Island during 1995-2004. The EC incidence rate in Nanao population is among the highest across the world, which suggests that there are potential genetic and/or environmental factors affecting this particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China.
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