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Lee WT, Huang CL, Lin RJ, Chen CJ, Wu KL, Lee JD, Su YC. Intestinal capillariasis: An indigenous case in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2024; 57:520-522. [PMID: 38693030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Te Lee
- Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lin Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jyh Lin
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ju Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Li Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - June-Der Lee
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Chiu Su
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Arumugam U, Pandian RG, Jayasimhan P, Sudarsanan GB, Sornappan G. First report of Paracapillaria philippinensis infection in flowerhorn cichlid in India. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:150. [PMID: 38438689 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The flowerhorn cichlid is a popular ornamental fish in many Asian countries. The present study reports the occurrence of Paracapillaria philippinensis (Chitwood et al., 1968), a parasitic nematode in flowerhorn cichlid (Cichlasoma sp.) from south India. The infected fish demonstrated clinical symptoms viz. dark coloration, poor appetite, lethargy, erratic swimming, and white stringy faeces. Microscopic observation of the intestinal content and faeces revealed the presence of adult worms, larvae, and unembryonated eggs. PCR amplification of eukaryotic 18S rRNA, P. philippinensis-specific SSU rRNA gene, and the subsequent sequence analysis confirmed the species identity as P. philippinensis. The generated sequences were submitted in the GenBank, NCBI, under the accession numbers, MK895507.1, MK895446.1, MW144993.1, and OR685675.1. This is the first scientific report of P. philippinensis in fish from India, and it confirms that the flowerhorn cichlid can act as a definitive host for P. philippinensis. This report alerts fish handlers and enthusiasts to undertake suitable precautionary measures while handling live flowerhorn cichlids to prevent possible transmission of P. Philippinensis, which has the potential to infect humans causing intestinal capillariasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Arumugam
- State Referral Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Health, Tamilnadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University- Madhavaram Campus, Chennai, 600051, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rebecca Gnanadesika Pandian
- State Referral Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Health, Tamilnadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University- Madhavaram Campus, Chennai, 600051, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveenraj Jayasimhan
- ICAR - Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744101, India
| | - Ganesh Babu Sudarsanan
- State Referral Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Health, Tamilnadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University- Madhavaram Campus, Chennai, 600051, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gangatharan Sornappan
- State Referral Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Health, Tamilnadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University- Madhavaram Campus, Chennai, 600051, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chai JY, Jung BK, Hong SJ. Albendazole and Mebendazole as Anti-Parasitic and Anti-Cancer Agents: an Update. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:189-225. [PMID: 34218593 PMCID: PMC8255490 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of albendazole and mebendazole, i.e., benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintics, in treatment of parasitic infections, as well as cancers, is briefly reviewed. These drugs are known to block the microtubule systems of parasites and mammalian cells leading to inhibition of glucose uptake and transport and finally cell death. Eventually they exhibit ovicidal, larvicidal, and vermicidal effects on parasites, and tumoricidal effects on hosts. Albendazole and mebendazole are most frequently prescribed for treatment of intestinal nematode infections (ascariasis, hookworm infections, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, and enterobiasis) and can also be used for intestinal tapeworm infections (taeniases and hymenolepiasis). However, these drugs also exhibit considerable therapeutic effects against tissue nematode/cestode infections (visceral, ocular, neural, and cutaneous larva migrans, anisakiasis, trichinosis, hepatic and intestinal capillariasis, angiostrongyliasis, gnathostomiasis, gongylonemiasis, thelaziasis, dracunculiasis, cerebral and subcutaneous cysticercosis, and echinococcosis). Albendazole is also used for treatment of filarial infections (lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, loiasis, mansonellosis, and dirofilariasis) alone or in combination with other drugs, such as ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine. Albendazole was tried even for treatment of trematode (fascioliasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, and intestinal fluke infections) and protozoan infections (giardiasis, vaginal trichomoniasis, cryptosporidiosis, and microsporidiosis). These drugs are generally safe with few side effects; however, when they are used for prolonged time (>14-28 days) or even only 1 time, liver toxicity and other side reactions may occur. In hookworms, Trichuris trichiura, possibly Ascaris lumbricoides, Wuchereria bancrofti, and Giardia sp., there are emerging issues of drug resistance. It is of particular note that albendazole and mebendazole have been repositioned as promising anti-cancer drugs. These drugs have been shown to be active in vitro and in vivo (animals) against liver, lung, ovary, prostate, colorectal, breast, head and neck cancers, and melanoma. Two clinical reports for albendazole and 2 case reports for mebendazole have revealed promising effects of these drugs in human patients having variable types of cancers. However, because of the toxicity of albendazole, for example, neutropenia due to myelosuppression, if high doses are used for a prolonged time, mebendazole is currently more popularly used than albendazole in anti-cancer clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yil Chai
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649,
Korea
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Bong-Kwang Jung
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649,
Korea
| | - Sung-Jong Hong
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974,
Korea
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Khalifa MM, Abdel-Rahman SM, Bakir HY, Othman RA, El-Mokhtar MA. Comparison of the diagnostic performance of microscopic examination, Copro-ELISA, and Copro-PCR in the diagnosis of Capillaria philippinensis infections. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234746. [PMID: 32555632 PMCID: PMC7299379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal capillariasis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by the tiny nematode parasite Capillaria philippinensis. It is a major health problem that may lead to death if not diagnosed and treated appropriately. The difficulties in the diagnosis of C. philippinensis highlight the importance of developing accurate, sensitive, and specific methods for early diagnosis. This study aimed to detect the presence of C. philippinensis infection among 42 clinically suspected patients with certain criteria that are highly suggestive of capillariasis and to compare the diagnostic yield of microscopy, copro-ELISA, and PCR for the detection of copro-DNA. Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical data were also described for the infected group. Out of 42 patients, 10 were microscopically positive, 40 samples were positive by copro-ELISA, nested PCR detected 35 positive cases, with total detection rates of 23.8%, 95.2%, and 83.3% using direct microscopic examination, copro-ELISA, and PCR, respectively. The majority of positive cases were females, middle-aged people, and people from rural areas. The real number of cases infected with C. philippinensis may far exceed those estimated using microscopy. The diagnosis by copro-ELISA for the detection of C. philippinensis coproantigen and by nested PCR to identify parasite DNA revealed a higher number of positive cases. Using ELISA for the detection of coproantigen is a sensitive test that identifies the infection, yet it is not specific. Copro-DNA offers a satisfactory sensitive and specific method for the detection of infection in clinically suspected patients. The most susceptible individuals to C. philippinensis infection are females, middle-aged people, and people of low social standards. Intestinal capillariasis needs to be considered in patients who present with symptoms of chronic diarrhea and hypoalbuminemia because if these cases are left undiagnosed and untreated, they may suffer from lethal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat M. Khalifa
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Salma M. Abdel-Rahman
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Y. Bakir
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ragaa A. Othman
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Eiras JC, Pavanelli GC, Takemoto RM, Nawa Y. An Overview of Fish-borne Nematodiases among Returned Travelers for Recent 25 Years- Unexpected Diseases Sometimes Far Away from the Origin. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 56:215-227. [PMID: 29996625 PMCID: PMC6046559 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Along with globalization of traveling and trading, fish-borne nematodiases seems to be increasing in number. However, apart from occasional and sporadic case reports or mini-reviews of particular diseases in particular countries, an overview of fish-borne nematodiasis among travelers have never been performed. In this review, we gathered fishborne nematodiasis among travelers for recent 25 years by an extensive global literature survey using appropriate keywords, e.g. travelers diseases, human infection, anisakiasis, gnathostomiasis, capillariasis, sushi, sashimi, ceviche, Gnathostoma, Pseudoterranova, Anisakis, Capillaria, etc., as well as various combinations of these key words. The Internet search engines PubMed, Medline, Google and Googler Scholar were used as much as possible, and the references of every paper were checked in order to identify useful and reliable publications. The results showed unexpectedly high incidence of gnathostomiasis and low incidence of anisakidosis. The different incidence values of the infection with several fish-borne zoonotic nematode species are discussed, as well as some epidemiological aspects of the infections. The difficulties of differential diagnosis in non-endemic countries are emphasized. It is concluded that travelers must avoid risky behaviors which can lead to infection and that physicians and health authorities must advice travelers on the risks of eating behaviors during travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Costa Eiras
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-308 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Cezar Pavanelli
- Unicesumar, Programa de pós-graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Bloco 7, Avenida Guerner Dias, 1610-Jardim Aclimação, Maringá-PR, 87050-900, Brasil
- Pesquisador do Instituto Cesumar de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Bloco 11-50 andar (44) 3027-6360 Ramal 1346, Brasil
| | | | - Yukifumi Nawa
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitrapap Highway, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Quadros RMD, Weiss PHE, Miletti LC, Moura ABD. OCCURRENCE OF Calodium hepaticum (BANCROFT, 1893) MORAVEC, 1982 EGGS IN FECES OF DOGS AND CATS IN LAGES, SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 58:6. [PMID: 26910455 PMCID: PMC4793947 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201658006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to report the incidence of Calodium hepaticum among dogs and cats,
pets or stray animals, captured by the Zoonosis Control Center (CCZ) in Lages, Santa
Catarina, Brazil. Fecal samples from 108 pet dogs and eight pet cats, and from 357
stray dogs and 97 stray cats, captured by CCZ, were analyzed within the period from
July 2010 to November 2012. Coproparasitological exams were performed by techniques
of sedimentation, centrifuge-flotation, and simple flotation. Among 465 fecal samples
from dogs and 105 from cats, the overall spurious infections for C. hepaticum eggs
were 1.05%. For dogs, this positivity was 0.43% and for cats it was 3.81%. The two
positive dogs were stray and out of the four cats, three were stray and one was a
pet. Although the occurrence of C. hepaticum eggs was low, these data reveal the
existence of infected rodents, especially in public places, since, out of the six
infected animals, five (83.33%) were stray. These results are discussed and analyzed
with an emphasis on the risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luiz Claudio Miletti
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brasil, , , ,
| | - Anderson Barbosa de Moura
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brasil, , , ,
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El-Dib NA, El-Badry AA, Ta-Tang TH, Rubio JM. Molecular detection of Capillaria philippinensis: An emerging zoonosis in Egypt. Exp Parasitol 2015; 154:127-33. [PMID: 25913089 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human infection with Capillaria philippinensis is accidental; however, it may end fatally if not diagnosed and treated in the proper time. The first case was detected in the Philippines in 1963, but later reported in other countries around the world, including Egypt. In this report, molecular diagnosis using a specific nested PCR for detection of C. philippinensis in faeces is described based on the amplification of small ribosomal subunit. The test showed sensitivity and specificity, as it detected all the positive cases and gave no cross-reaction with human DNA and DNA of other tested parasites. This method can be very useful not only for improvement of diagnosis, but also to understand the different environmental routes of transmission by detection of C. philippinensis DNA-stages in the possible fish intermediate hosts and reservoir animal host, helping to improve strategies for surveillance and prevention of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A El-Dib
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ayman A El-Badry
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Thuy-Huong Ta-Tang
- Malaria & Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Parasitology Department, National Microbiology Center, Carlos III Health Institute, Cra. Majadahonda Pozuelo Km. 2,5 Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Rubio
- Malaria & Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Parasitology Department, National Microbiology Center, Carlos III Health Institute, Cra. Majadahonda Pozuelo Km. 2,5 Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
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Limsrivilai J, Pongprasobchai S, Apisarnthanarak P, Manatsathit S. Intestinal capillariasis in the 21st century: clinical presentations and role of endoscopy and imaging. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:207. [PMID: 25492259 PMCID: PMC4271459 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-014-0207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal capillariasis is one of the common causes of malabsorption in the East. Reports emphasizing the roles of clinical, endoscopic and radiologic findings of intestinal capillariasis are limited. Methods Retrospective review of medical records of 26 patients diagnosed with intestinal capillariasis at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand between 2001- 2013. Results Clinical manifestations were chronic watery diarrhea (93%), chronic abdominal pain (70%), significant weight loss (92%), hypoalbuminemia (100%; 85% lower than 2.0 g/dL), and anemia (50%). The median duration of symptoms was 5.5 months (1-60 months). Parasites were found in stool in 15 patients (57%). In patients whose stool tests were initially negative, parasites were discovered in tissue biopsy from endoscopy in 1 from 10 esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGD), 0 from 7 colonoscopies, 3 from 5 push enteroscopies, and 3 from 5 balloon-assisted enteroscopies (BAE). Endoscopic findings included scalloping appearance, mucosal cracking, and redness of mucosa. These endoscopic findings affected mostly at jejunum and proximal ileum. They were similar to celiac disease except duodenal involvement which is uncommon in capillariasis. Three patients underwent video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and typical abnormal findings were observed in all patients. Small bowel barium study showed fold thickening, fold effacement, and increased luminal fluid in 80% of patients, mainly seen at distal jejunum and ileum. CT findings were long segment wall thickening, enhanced wall, and fold effacement. Treatment with either albendazole or ivermectin cured all patients with most responding within 2 months. Conclusions In endemic area, intestinal capillariasis should be considered if patients develop chronic watery diarrhea accompanied by significant weight loss and severe hypoalbuminemia. Stool examination had quite low sensitivities in making diagnosis in our study. Deep enteroscopy with biopsy guided by imaging or VCE may improve diagnostic yield. Empirical therapy may also be justifiable due to the very good response rate and less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julajak Limsrivilai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Supot Pongprasobchai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Piyaporn Apisarnthanarak
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Radiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Sathaporn Manatsathit
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Ha M, Jun DH, Kim JH, Kim YJ, Kwon KA, Park DK, Ku YS. Intestinal capillariasis diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy. Clin Endosc 2013; 46:675-8. [PMID: 24340265 PMCID: PMC3856273 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2013.46.6.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many new parasitic infections have emerged in Korea, with >35 new species appearing since the 1980s. Among them, Capillaria species are unique for contributing to morbidity in many countries as well as in Korea. Since the first reported case of a 41-year-old male patient diagnosed with intestinal capillariasis in 1991, a total of six cases have been reported thus far. In this case report, we present another imported case of intestinal capillariasis in Korea, in which a 42-year-old male patient presented with intractable diarrhea and weight loss. The diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy of the ileum. The pathognomonic radiographic presentation of a ribbon-like appearance in a small bowel series was crucial in raising an early suspicion of capillariasis and in deciding to perform diagnostic biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Ha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
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Vasantha PL, Girish N, Leela KS. Human intestinal capillariasis: a rare case report from non-endemic area (Andhra Pradesh, India). Indian J Med Microbiol 2012; 30:236-9. [PMID: 22664447 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.96708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Human intestinal capillariasis is caused by Capillaria philippinensis. This disease is endemic in Philippines and Thailand. To the best of our knowledge, we report the third case of human intestinal capillariasis from India and the first case from Andhra Pradesh, which is a non-endemic area. A 40-year-old female presented with diarrhoea, vomiting, decreased urinary output, ascitis, pedal oedema, hypoalbuminemia, and electrolyte imbalance. Microscopic examination of stool sample revealed the presence of ova, larvae, and adult worms of C. philippinensis. Patient recovered from the disease after taking albendazole 400 mg daily for 1 month along with supportive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Vasantha
- Department of Microbiology, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, Nalgonda dt; Andhra Pradesh 508 254, India
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Attia RAH, Tolba MEM, Yones DA, Bakir HY, Eldeek HEM, Kamel S. Capillaria philippinensis in Upper Egypt: has it become endemic? Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 86:126-33. [PMID: 22232463 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to present an overview of human infections with Capillaria philippinensis, a new emerging parasite in Upper Egypt. The study included 21 inpatients who had been admitted to the Assiut University Hospital. Patients suffered from intermittent abdominal pain, borborygmi, chronic diarrhea lasting for several weeks, and marked weight loss. Hypoalbuminemia and low serum levels of potassium, calcium, and sodium were detected in most patients. A stool examination was performed using direct smears and the formalin-ether concentration method. Intact adult worms and/or eggs were evaluated using a light microscope and processed for scanning electron microscopy. The examination by light microscopy illustrated the general morphology of different stages. Using scanning electron microscopy, intestinal villi were found partially covering the cuticle of the adult worms, which provided evidence for the invasion of adult worms into the jejunal mucosa. Two distinct types of eggs, thick-shelled and thin-shelled, were identified and measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A H Attia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.
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Odermatt P, Lv S, Sayasone S. Less Common Parasitic Infections in Southeast Asia that can Produce Outbreaks. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2010; 72:409-35. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(10)72013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Bair MJ, Chen HL, Lin IT, Lee CH, Chang WH, Shih SC. A Rare Case of Chronic Diarrhea in an Elderly Male. INT J GERONTOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1873-9598(09)70032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Cañete R, Escobedo AA, Almirall P, González ME, Brito K, Cimerman S. Mebendazole in parasitic infections other than those caused by soil-transmitted helminths. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2009; 103:437-42. [PMID: 19195670 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mebendazole, a benzimidazole carbamate compound, is currently in use for human medical practice against soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) and enterobiasis. However, it has been demonstrated that its spectrum of activity is broad and goes beyond those infections. Several studies provide evidence that this drug, taken at higher doses than used for STH and enterobiasis, could be sufficiently effective on some protozoa, nematodes and cestodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cañete
- Center for Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Matanzas City, Cuba
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Fan
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Intestinal capillariasis caused by Capillaria philippinensis appeared first in the Philippines and subsequently in Thailand, Japan, Iran, Egypt and Taiwan; major outbreaks have occurred in the Philippines and Thailand. This article reviews the epidemiology, history and sources of C. philippinensis infection in Thailand. The annual epidemiological surveillance reports indicated that 82 accumulated cases of intestinal capillariasis were found in Thailand from 1994-2006. That made Thailand a Capillaria-prevalent area. Sisaket, in northeast Thailand, was the first province which has reported intestinal capillariasis. Moreover, Buri Ram presented a high prevalence of intestinal capillariasis, totaling 24 cases from 1994-2006. About half of all cases have consumed raw or undercooked fish. However, even if the numbers of the intestinal capillariasis cases in Thailand is reduced, C. philippinensis infection cases are still reported. The improvement of personal hygiene, specifically avoiding consumption of undercooked fish and promoting a health education campaign are required. These strategies may minimize or eliminate C. philippinensis infection in Thailand.
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