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Zhu Z, Dong S, Qin S, Gu K, Zhou Y. ANOS1 accelerates the progression of esophageal cancer identified by multi-omic approaches. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:2343-2370. [PMID: 38859828 PMCID: PMC11162658 DOI: 10.62347/spcp3536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess the role of ANOS1 in esophageal cancer (ESCA) progression, multi-omic analysis and experimental validation were employed. It was revealed that ANOS1 expression is significantly enhanced in ESCA patients and cell lines. The expression level of ANOS1 in ESCA patients can distinguish the malignancy from normal tissue with an area under curve (AUC) >0.75. Moreover, increased expression of ANOS1 is associated with advanced T stage and worse disease-free survival of ESCA patients. Therefore, a clinically applicable nomogram with ANOS1 was established with strong predictive power. Furthermore, high expression of ANOS1 in ESCA is correlated with (i) the enrichment of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by gene set enrichment analysis, (ii) the involvement in hypoxia, angiogenesis, WNT signaling pathway, and TGFβ signaling pathway by gene set variation analysis, (iii) the presence of the small insertion and deletion mutational signature ID9, associated with chromothripsis, in the single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis, (iv) the amplification of 11q13.3 in the copy number variants analysis, (v) the enrichment of cancer-associated fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. All the results from multi-omic analysis indicate that ANOS1 plays a pivotal role in accelerating the progression of ESCA. Results from in vivo and in vitro experiments show that the knockdown of ANOS1 hampers the proliferation of ESCA cells, further validating the oncogenic role of ANOS1 in ESCA. Additionally, potential chemotherapeutics with sensitivity were identified in the high-ANOS1 group. In conclusion, ANOS1 accelerates the progression of ESCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoquan Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shikun Dong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaolei Qin
- Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Gu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
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Abstract
Barrett’s oesophagus (BE) has been associated with an increased risk of both colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer. A recent investigation reported a high frequency of BE in patients with adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)-associated polyposis (FAP). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the prevalence of BE in a large cohort of patients with MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) and APC-associated adenomatous polyposis. Patients with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or MAP were selected and upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy reports, pathology reports of upper GI biopsies were reviewed to determine the prevalence of BE in these patients. Histologically confirmed BE was found in 7 (9.7%) of 72 patients with MAP. The mean age of diagnosis was 60.2 years (range 54.1–72.4 years). Two patients initially diagnosed with low grade dysplasia showed fast progression into high grade dysplasia and esophageal cancer, respectively. Only 4 (1.4%) of 365 patients with FAP were found to have pathologically confirmed BE. The prevalence of BE in patients with MAP is much higher than reported in the general population. We recommend that upper GI surveillance of patients with MAP should not only focus on the detection of gastric and duodenal adenomas but also on the presence of BE.
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Vona R, Pallotta L, Cappelletti M, Severi C, Matarrese P. The Impact of Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology: Focus on Gastrointestinal Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:201. [PMID: 33573222 PMCID: PMC7910878 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases. The imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant systems has been extensively studied in pulmonary, neurodegenerative cardiovascular disorders; however, its contribution is still debated in gastrointestinal disorders. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress affects gastrointestinal motility in obesity, and post-infectious disorders by favoring the smooth muscle phenotypic switch toward a synthetic phenotype. The aim of this review is to gain insight into the role played by oxidative stress in gastrointestinal pathologies (GIT), and the involvement of ROS in the signaling underlying the muscular alterations of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In addition, potential therapeutic strategies based on the use of antioxidants for the treatment of inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases are reviewed and discussed. Although substantial progress has been made in identifying new techniques capable of assessing the presence of oxidative stress in humans, the biochemical-molecular mechanisms underlying GIT mucosal disorders are not yet well defined. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms through which oxidative stress-related signaling can contribute to the alteration of the GIT mucosa in order to devise effective preventive and curative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Vona
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lucia Pallotta
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Carola Severi
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Sharma P, Yadlapati R. Pathophysiology and treatment options for gastroesophageal reflux disease: looking beyond acid. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1486:3-14. [PMID: 33015827 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a disorder due to the retrograde flow of refluxate into the esophagus. Although GERD is a common clinical diagnosis, its pathogenesis is quite complex. As a result of its multifactorial development, many patients continue to experience adverse symptoms due to GERD despite prolonged acid suppression with proton pump inhibitor therapy. The pathogenesis of GERD involves an interplay of chemical, mechanical, psychologic, and neurologic mechanisms, which contribute to symptom presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. As such, GERD should be approached as a disorder beyond acid. This review will investigate the major factors that contribute to the development of GERD, including factors related to the refluxate, esophageal defenses, and factors that promote pathologic reflux into the esophagus. In reviewing GERD pathogenesis, this paper will highlight therapeutic advances, with mention of future opportunities of study when approaching GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Rena Yadlapati
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, La Jolla, California
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Ivashkin VT, Trukhmanov AS, Gonik MI. Rebamipide using in gastroesophageal reflux disease treatment. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020; 92:98-104. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.04.000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rebamipide is a mucoprotective drug which was developed in Japan in 1990. The therapeutic effect of rebamipide based on the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 and increasing level of prostaglandins, inhibition of oxygen free radicals production, epidermal growth factor stimulation, vascular endothelial growth factor, nitric oxide, and decreasing of lipid peroxidation and neutrophils migration. The combination of proton pump inhibitors and rebamipide is more effective in relieving of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and reducing recurrence rate of disease. Using rebamipide in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease is justified because this drug has a unique mechanism of action, which eliminating the main stages of pathogenesis of the disease.
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Caspa Gokulan R, Garcia-Buitrago MT, Zaika AI. From genetics to signaling pathways: molecular pathogenesis of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:37-48. [PMID: 31152823 PMCID: PMC6692203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has one of the fastest rising incidence rates in the U.S. and many other Western countries. One of the unique risk factors for EAC is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a chronic digestive condition in which acidic contents from the stomach, frequently mixed with duodenal bile, enter the esophagus resulting in esophageal tissue injury. At the cellular level, progression to EAC is underlined by continuous DNA damage caused by reflux and chronic inflammatory factors that increase the mutation rate and promote genomic instability. Despite recent successes in cancer diagnostics and treatment, EAC remains a poorly treatable disease. Recent research has shed new light on molecular alterations underlying progression to EAC and revealed novel treatment options. This review focuses on the genetic and molecular studies of EAC. The molecular changes that occur during the transformation of normal Barrett's esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander I Zaika
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, United States of America.
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Tomkova M, Tomek J, Kriaucionis S, Schuster-Böckler B. Mutational signature distribution varies with DNA replication timing and strand asymmetry. Genome Biol 2018; 19:129. [PMID: 30201020 PMCID: PMC6130095 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA replication plays an important role in mutagenesis, yet little is known about how it interacts with other mutagenic processes. Here, we use somatic mutation signatures-each representing a mutagenic process-derived from 3056 patients spanning 19 cancer types to quantify the strand asymmetry of mutational signatures around replication origins and between early and late replicating regions. RESULTS We observe that most of the detected mutational signatures are significantly correlated with the timing or direction of DNA replication. The properties of these associations are distinct for different signatures and shed new light on several mutagenic processes. For example, our results suggest that oxidative damage to the nucleotide pool substantially contributes to the mutational landscape of esophageal adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results indicate an interaction between DNA replication, the associated damage repair, and most mutagenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Tomkova
- Ludwig Cancer Research Oxford, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jakub Tomek
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Skirmantas Kriaucionis
- Ludwig Cancer Research Oxford, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Benjamin Schuster-Böckler
- Ludwig Cancer Research Oxford, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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Franceschelli S, Gatta DMP, Pesce M, Ferrone A, Di Martino G, Di Nicola M, De Lutiis MA, Vitacolonna E, Patruno A, Grilli A, Felaco M, Speranza L. Modulation of the oxidative plasmatic state in gastroesophageal reflux disease with the addition of rich water molecular hydrogen: A new biological vision. J Cell Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 29512923 PMCID: PMC5908129 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a clinical condition characterized by reflux of gastroduodenal contents in the oesophagus, has proved to demonstrate a strong link between oxidative stress and the development of GERD. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been universally accepted as first-line therapy for management of GERD. The potential benefits of electrolysed reduced water (ERW), rich in molecular hydrogen, in improving symptoms and systemic oxidative stress associated with GERD was assessed. The study was performed on 84 GERD patients undergoing control treatment (PPI + tap water) or experimental treatment (PPI + ERW) for 3 months. These patients were subjected to the GERD-Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire as well as derivatives reactive oxigen metabolites (d-ROMs) test, biological antioxidant potential (BAP) test, superoxide anion, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde assays, which were all performed as a proxy for the oxidative/nitrosative stress and the antioxidant potential status. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between scores and laboratory parameters. Overall results demonstrated that an optimal oxidative balance can be restored and GERD symptoms can be reduced rapidly via the integration of ERW in GERD patients. The relative variation of heartburn and regurgitation score was significantly correlated with laboratory parameters. Thus, in the selected patients, combination treatment with PPI and ERW improves the cellular redox state leading to the improvement of the quality of life as demonstrated by the correlation analysis between laboratory parameters and GERD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Martino
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Anna De Lutiis
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Ester Vitacolonna
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
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BACANLI M, BAŞARAN N, BAŞARAN AA. Lycopene: Is it Beneficial to Human Health as an Antioxidant? Turk J Pharm Sci 2017; 14:311-318. [PMID: 32454630 PMCID: PMC7227929 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.43043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that free oxygen radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of several chronic disorders. Antioxidants are known as potential scavengers of reactive oxygen species that can protect biologic membranes against oxidative damage. Recent interest in phytochemicals has increased because of their protective effects against free oxygen radicals. Lycopene, which belongs to the carotenoid family, is the most effective singlet oxygen scavenger in vitro of all the carotenoids. Foods that contain lycopene and related supplements have been reported to prevent chronic diseases including cancer, asthma, and cardiovascular disorders. The aim of the article was to give a brief review of the antioxidant properties and beneficial health effects of lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve BACANLI
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurşen BAŞARAN
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A. Ahmet BAŞARAN
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey
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Buas MF, Gu H, Djukovic D, Zhu J, Onstad L, Reid BJ, Raftery D, Vaughan TL. Candidate serum metabolite biomarkers for differentiating gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus, and high-grade dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma. Metabolomics 2017; 13:23. [PMID: 28190989 PMCID: PMC5295138 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA), an often fatal cancer, has increased sharply over recent decades. Several important risk factors (reflux, obesity, smoking) have been identified for EA and its precursor, Barrett's esophagus (BE), but a key challenge remains identifying individuals at highest risk, since most with reflux do not develop BE, and most with BE do not progress to cancer. Metabolomics represents an emerging approach for identifying novel biomarkers associated with cancer development. METHODS We used targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to profile 57 metabolites in 322 serum specimens derived from individuals with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), BE, high-grade dysplasia (HGD), or EA, drawn from two well-annotated epidemiologic parent studies. RESULTS Multiple metabolites differed significantly (P<0.05) between BE versus GERD (n=9), and between HGD/EA versus BE (n=4). Several top candidates (FDR q≤0.15), including urate, homocysteine, and 3-nitrotyrosine, are linked to inflammatory processes, which may contribute to BE/EA pathogenesis. Multivariate modeling achieved moderate discrimination between HGD/EA and BE (AUC=0.75), with less pronounced separation for BE versus GERD (AUC=0.64). CONCLUSION Serum metabolite differences can be detected between individuals with GERD versus BE, and between those with BE versus HGD/EA, and may help differentiate patients at different stages of progression to EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F. Buas
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263 USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Danijel Djukovic
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Lynn Onstad
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
| | - Brian J. Reid
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
- Correspondence: T.L.V. (, Phone: 206-667-5134, Fax: 206-667-4787; D.R. (, Phone: 206-685-4753, Fax: 206-616-4819)
| | - Thomas L. Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
- Correspondence: T.L.V. (, Phone: 206-667-5134, Fax: 206-667-4787; D.R. (, Phone: 206-685-4753, Fax: 206-616-4819)
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Kauppi J, Räsänen J, Sihvo E, Nieminen U, Arkkila P, Ahotupa M, Salo J. Increased Oxidative Stress in the Proximal Stomach of Patients with Barrett's Esophagus and Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus and Esophagogastric Junction. Transl Oncol 2016; 9:336-9. [PMID: 27567957 PMCID: PMC5006815 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress (OS) is an essential element in the pathogenesis of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and its transformation to adenocarcinoma (EAC). The state of OS in the proximal stomach of patients with BE and EAC is unknown. Isoprostanes are a specific marker of OS not previously used to determine OS from BE/EAC tissue samples. PATIENTS AND METHODS: OS was measured in 42 patients with BE (n = 9), EAC (n = 9), or both (n = 24) and 15 control patients. A STAT-8-Isoprostane EIA Kit served to identify 8-Isoprostanes (8-IP), and a Glutathione Assay Kit was used to measure glutathione reduced form (GSH) and glutathione oxidized form. An OxiSelect Oxidative DNA Damage ELISA Kit (8-OHdG) served to measure 8-OH-deoxyguanosine. RESULTS: The 8-IP (P = .039) and 8-OHdG (P = .008) levels were higher, and the GSH level lower (P = .031), in the proximal stomach of the study group than in that of the controls. Helicobacter pylori infection was present in 8% of the study patients. CONCLUSIONS: In the proximal stomach of BE and EAC patients, OS was elevated and antioxidative capacity was reduced. This finding suggests that the gastroesophageal reflux causing BE also induces oxidative stress in the proximal stomach and may contribute to the development of cancer in the proximal stomach and gastric cardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Kauppi
- Helsinki University, Helsinki University Hospital, Heart and Lung Center, Department of General Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Räsänen
- Helsinki University, Helsinki University Hospital, Heart and Lung Center, Department of General Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Sihvo
- Helsinki University, Helsinki University Hospital, Heart and Lung Center, Department of General Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Urpo Nieminen
- Helsinki University, Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu Arkkila
- Helsinki University, Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Ahotupa
- Turku University, Department of Biosciences, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Salo
- Helsinki University, Helsinki University Hospital, Heart and Lung Center, Department of General Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
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Chang CS, Liao CH, Muo CH, Kao CH. Increased risk of concurrent gastroesophageal reflux disease among patients with Sjögren's syndrome: A nationwide population-based study. Eur J Intern Med 2016; 31:73-8. [PMID: 26854251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little data is available on the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome. METHODS We identified 4650 Sjögren's syndrome patients between 2000 and 2011 from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Each Sjögren's syndrome patient was matched to 4 controls based on age, sex, and index year, and all subjects were followed up from the index date to December 31, 2011. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease. RESULTS The risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease for Sjögren's syndrome patients was 2.41-fold greater than that for the comparison cohort after adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities. In age stratified analyses, the youngest Sjögren's syndrome cohort (age: 20-44years old) had the highest risk (HR=3.02; 95% CI=2.48-3.69) and the lowest risk at age ≥65years (HR=1.95; 95% CI=1.61-2.36). Regardless of in subjects with and without comorbidity, Sjögren's syndrome patients had a higher risk than the controls. Sjögren's syndrome subjects with ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia and renal disease had the highest risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease compared with the comparison cohort without those diseases (HR=7.67; 95% CI=5.32-11.1). CONCLUSION Patients with Sjögren's syndrome have a significantly greater risk of developing subsequent gastroesophageal reflux disease than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Shu Chang
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, and Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Muo
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Huang Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Kwon OJ, Choo BK, Lee JY, Kim MY, Shin SH, Seo BI, Seo YB, Rhee MH, Shin MR, Kim GN, Park CH, Roh SS. Protective effect of Rhei Rhizoma on reflux esophagitis in rats via Nrf2-mediated inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:7. [PMID: 26748627 PMCID: PMC4707002 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Rhei Rhizoma has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. The present study was conducted to evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity against experimental reflux-induced esophagitis (RE) in SD rats. Methods Rhei Rhizoma was administered at 125 or 250 mg/kg body weight per day for 7 days prior to the induction of reflux esophagitis, and its effect was compared with RE control and normal rats. Results Rhei Rhizoma administration markedly ameliorated mucosal damage on histological evaluation. The elevated reactive oxygen species in the esophageal tissue of RE control rats decreased with the administration of Rhei Rhizoma. RE control rats exhibited the down-regulation of antioxidant-related proteins, such as nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression levels, in the presence of esophagitis; however, the levels with Rhei Rhizoma treatment were significantly higher than those in RE control rats. Moreover, RE control rats exhibited the up-regulation of protein expressions related to oxidative stress in the presence of esophagitis, but Rhei Rhizoma administration significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory proteins through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related signaling pathways. The protein expressions of inflammatory mediators and cytokines by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation were modulated through blocking the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (IκB)α. Conclusion Our findings support the therapeutic evidence for Rhei Rhizoma ameliorating the development of esophagitis via regulating inflammation through the activation of the antioxidant pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0974-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Giri AK, Rawat JK, Singh M, Gautam S, Kaithwas G. Effect of lycopene against gastroesophageal reflux disease in experimental animals. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:110. [PMID: 25888837 PMCID: PMC4456703 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lycopene is a robust antioxidant with significant antiulcer activity. Henceforth, the present study was ventured to elucidate the effect of lycopene on experimental esophagitis. METHODS Groups of rats were subjected to forestomach and pylorus ligation with subsequent treatment with lycopene (50 and 100 mg/kg, po) and pantoprazole (30 mg/kg, po). RESULTS Treatment with lycopene evidenced sententious physiological protection when scrutinized for pH, acidity (total and free), volume of gastric juices and esophagitis index. Lycopene further embarked diminishing effect on oxidative stress through synchronising lipid and protein peroxidation along with regulating the enzymatic activity of SOD and catalase. Lycopene also modified the levels of immunoregulatory cytokines (IL- 1β and IL-6) favourably. The dose dependent efficacy of lycopene in the current experimental condition was also attested when exemplified morphologically through scanning electron microscopy. CONCLUSION From the current line of evidences, it was concluded that lycopene can impart momentous protection against experimental esophagitis by wrapping up the reactive oxygen species and through dual inhibition of the arachidonic acid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Giri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, UP, India.
| | - Jitendra Kumar Rawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, UP, India.
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, UP, India.
| | - Swetlana Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, UP, India.
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, UP, India.
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15
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Kumar A, Gautam S, Rawat JK, Singh M, Saraf SA, Kaithwas G. Effect of palonosetron (5HT-3 antagonist) and pantoprazole (proton pump inhibitor) against surgical esophagitis induced by forestomach and pylorus ligation in albino rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:41-50. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115575759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was embarked upon to evaluate the effects of pantoprazole and palonosetron on experimental esophagitis in albino wistar rats. Groups of rats, fasted for 36 h, were subjected to pylorus and forestomach ligation, supervened by treatment with normal saline (3 ml/kg, po, sham control), esophagitis control (3 ml/kg, po), pantoprazole (30 mg/kg, po), palonosetron (0.5 mg/kg, po), and their combination. Animals were sacrificed after 12 h and appraised for the volume of gastric juices, total acidity, free acidity, and esophagitis index. Esophageal tissues were further figured out biochemically for markers of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. The combination therapy comparably inhibited the esophagitis index (52.86%), gastric volume (66.04%), free acidity (43.76%), and total acidity (42.60%) in comparison with toxic control. The combination therapy also subsidized the biochemical and inflammatory markers to the purview less than toxic control. The morphological changes were scrutinized by scanning electron microscopy and were observed to demonstrate momentous protection by the amalgamation therapy. Combination therapy with pantoprazole and palonosetron flaunted sententious protection against experimental esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - JK Rawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - SA Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bhattacharyya A, Chattopadhyay R, Mitra S, Crowe SE. Oxidative stress: an essential factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal mucosal diseases. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:329-54. [PMID: 24692350 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1355] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-products of normal cellular metabolic activities. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are the enzymes involved in protecting cells from the damaging effects of ROS. ROS are produced in response to ultraviolet radiation, cigarette smoking, alcohol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ischemia-reperfusion injury, chronic infections, and inflammatory disorders. Disruption of normal cellular homeostasis by redox signaling may result in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. ROS are produced within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but their roles in pathophysiology and disease pathogenesis have not been well studied. Despite the protective barrier provided by the mucosa, ingested materials and microbial pathogens can induce oxidative injury and GI inflammatory responses involving the epithelium and immune/inflammatory cells. The pathogenesis of various GI diseases including peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal cancers, and inflammatory bowel disease is in part due to oxidative stress. Unraveling the signaling events initiated at the cellular level by oxidative free radicals as well as the physiological responses to such stress is important to better understand disease pathogenesis and to develop new therapies to manage a variety of conditions for which current therapies are not always sufficient.
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Effect of Helicobacter pylori on the mucosa of the lower end of the esophagus in induced chronic gastritis in adult albino rats. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF HISTOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000426164.72726.a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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18
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Lee MJ, Song HJ, Jeong JY, Park SY, Sohn UD. Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of QGC in Cultured Feline Esophageal Epithelial Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:81-7. [PMID: 23440684 PMCID: PMC3579109 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (QGC) is a flavonoid glucoside extracted from Rumex Aquaticus Herba. In the present study, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of QGC were tested in vitro. Epithelial cells obtained from cat esophagus were cultured. When the cells were exposed to acid for 2 h, cell viability was decreased to 36%. Pretreatment with 50 µM QGC for 2 h prevented the reduction in cell viability. QGC also inhibited the productions of intracellular ROS by inflammatory inducers such as acid, lipopolysaccharide, indomethacin and ethanol. QGC significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, and also induced the expression of SOD2, while it restored the decrease of catalase expression in cells exposed to acid. QGC inhibited NF-κB translocation, cyclooxygenase-2 expression and PGE2 secretion in cells exposed to acid, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of esophagitis. The data suggest that QGC may well be one of the promising substances to attenuate oxidative epithelial cell injury and inflammatory signaling in esophagus inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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19
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Pirinççi N, Geçit I, Güneş M, Yüksel MB, Kaba M, Tanık S, Demir H, Aslan M. Serum adenosine deaminase, catalase and carbonic anhydrase activities in patients with bladder cancer. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67:1443-6. [PMID: 23295599 PMCID: PMC3521808 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(12)15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between adenosine deaminase and various cancers has been investigated in several studies. However, serum adenosine deaminase activity and carbonic anhydrase and catalase activities in patients with bladder cancer have not previously been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure serum adenosine deaminase, carbonic anhydrase and catalase activities in patients with bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients with bladder cancer and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum adenosine deaminase, carbonic anhydrase and catalase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. RESULTS Serum adenosine deaminase, carbonic anhydrase and catalase activities were significantly higher in patients with bladder cancer than controls (all significant, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These markers might be a potentially important finding as an additional diagnostic biochemical tool for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necip Pirinççi
- Yuzuncu Yıl University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Van, Turkey.
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20
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Takata Y, Kristal AR, Santella RM, King IB, Duggan DJ, Lampe JW, Rayman MP, Blount PL, Reid BJ, Vaughan TL, Peters U. Selenium, selenoenzymes, oxidative stress and risk of neoplastic progression from Barrett's esophagus: results from biomarkers and genetic variants. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38612. [PMID: 22715394 PMCID: PMC3371043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials have suggested a protective effect of selenium supplementation on the risk of esophageal cancer, which may be mediated through the antioxidant activity of selenoenzymes. We investigated whether serum selenium concentrations, selenoenzyme activity, oxidative stress and genetic variation in selenoenzymes were associated with the risk of neoplastic progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) and two intermediate endpoints, aneuploidy and tetraploidy. In this prospective cohort study, during an average follow-up of 7.3 years, 47 EA cases, 41 aneuploidy cases and 51 tetraploidy cases accrued among 361 participants from the Seattle Barrett's Esophagus Research Study who were free of EA at the time of blood draw and had at least one follow-up visit. Development to EA was assessed histologically and aneuploidy and tetraploidy by DNA content flow cytometry. Serum selenium concentrations were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry, activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 1 and GPX3 by substrate-specific coupled test procedures, selenoprotein P (SEPP1) concentrations and protein carbonyl content by ELISA method and malondialdehyde concentrations by HPLC. Genetic variants in GPX1-4 and SEPP1 were genotyped. Serum selenium was not associated with the risk of neoplastic progression to EA, aneuploidy or tetraploidy (P for trend = 0.25 to 0.85). SEPP1 concentrations were positively associated with the risk of EA [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.95, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.42-10.97 comparing the third tertile with the first] and with aneuploidy (HR = 6.53, 95% CI = 1.31-32.58), but not selenoenzyme activity or oxidative stress markers. No genetic variants, overall, were associated with the risk of neoplastic progression to EA (global p = 0.12-0.69). Our results do not support a protective effect of selenium on risk of neoplastic progression to EA. Our study is the first to report positive associations of plasma SEPP1 concentrations with the risk of EA and aneuploidy, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumie Takata
- Public Health Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alan R. Kristal
- Public Health Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Regina M. Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Irena B. King
- Public Health Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - David J. Duggan
- Division of Genetic Basis of Human Disease, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Public Health Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Margaret P. Rayman
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia L. Blount
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Reid
- Public Health Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Vaughan
- Public Health Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Long-term results of ablation with antireflux surgery for Barrett’s esophagus: a clinical and molecular biologic study. Surg Endosc 2012; 26:1892-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00464-011-2121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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22
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Yoshida N. Inflammation and oxidative stress in gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 40:13-23. [PMID: 18437209 PMCID: PMC2291500 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.40.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of esophageal mucosal injury is complex, since it may involve the reflux of gastric acid, bile acid, and pancreatic juice, external factors such as drugs and alcohol, or functional factors such as esophagogastric motility. The mechanism of esophageal mucosal injury has gradually been understood at the molecular biological level. It is particularly important that pro-inflammatory factors, such as inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and -8), leukocytes and oxidative stress, have been demonstrated to be involved in the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) including nonerosive reflux disease (NERD). In addition, nociceptors such as acid-sensitive vanilloid receptors, protease-activated receptors and substance P have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurogenic inflammation in NERD patients with esophageal hypersensitivity. The development of new therapy with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects is expected to assist in the treatment of intractable NERD/GERD and the prevention of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimasa Yoshida
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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23
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Bower MR, Aiyer HS, Li Y, Martin RCG. Chemoprotective effects of curcumin in esophageal epithelial cells exposed to bile acids. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:4152-8. [PMID: 20806431 PMCID: PMC2932918 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i33.4152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the ability of curcumin to counteract the impact of bile acids on gene expression of esophageal epithelial cells.
METHODS: An esophageal epithelial cell line (HET-1A) was treated with curcumin in the presence of deoxycholic acid. Cell proliferation and viability assays were used to establish an appropriate dose range for curcumin. The combined and individual effects of curcumin and bile acid on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD-1 and SOD-2) gene expression were also assessed.
RESULTS: Curcumin in a dose range of 10-100 μmol/L displayed minimal inhibition of HET-1A cell viability. Deoxycholic acid at a concentration of 200 μmol/L caused a 2.4-fold increase in COX-2 gene expression compared to vehicle control. The increased expression of COX-2 induced by deoxycholic acid was partially reversed by the addition of curcumin, and curcumin reduced COX-2 expression 3.3- to 1.3-fold. HET-1A cells exposed to bile acid yielded reduced expression of SOD-1 and SOD-2 genes with the exception that high dose deoxycholic acid at 200 μmol/L led to a 3-fold increase in SOD-2 expression. The addition of curcumin treatment partially reversed the bile acid-induced reduction in SOD-1 expression at all concentrations of curcumin tested.
CONCLUSION: Curcumin reverses bile acid suppression of gene expression of SOD-1. Curcumin is also able to inhibit bile acid induction of COX-2 gene expression.
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Li Y, Reuter NP, Li X, Liu Q, Zhang J, Martin RCG. Colocalization of MnSOD expression in response to oxidative stress. Mol Carcinog 2010; 49:44-53. [PMID: 19623544 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The loss of manganese superoxide dismutase function has been associated with increased incidence of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that loss of MnSOD resulted in severe esophageal damage by both endogenous and exogenous bile. However, the alterative manner of MnSOD in esophageal epithelium is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression and localization of MnSOD in response to the exposure to bile salts in an esophageal epithelial cell line. Het-1A cells were seeded at 5 x 10(5) and 10(7) and incubated with taurocholate, cholate, glycocholate, deoxycholate, and the mixture of these bile salts. Mitochondria and cytoplasma were separated, and the expression and localization of MnSOD was determined by Western blot and immunocytochemical assay. Proliferation rates were strongly inhibited in the groups with taurocholate and bile salts mixture at 4 h, with 0.367 +/- 0.042 and 0.396 +/- 0.046, respectively, compared to 0.684 +/- 0.054 in untreated groups (P < 0.05). An increased apoptotic rate compared to untreated group (3.65 +/- 0.59) were significantly increased in taurocholate group and in bile salts mixture group were 33.62 +/- 10.25 and 31.52 +/- 8.97 at 4 h, respectively (P < 0.05). The protein level of MnSOD in mitochondria was increased at 4 h, but with a decreased enzymatic activity after bile salts treatment. Cytoplasmic MnSOD was detected in the cells with bile salts treatment. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated that esophageal epithelial cell underwent morphological alteration and MnSOD relocalization after bile salts treatment. This is the first study to demonstrate cellular cytosolic MnSOD expression and that this relocalization to the cytosol is a cause for decreased MnSOD enzymatic activity. This suggests that bile salts may contribute to the dysfunction of mitochondria, by enzymatically inhibiting of MnSOD localization and thus activation in the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Kentucky 40202, USA
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Kadioglu E, Sardas S, Ergun M, Unal S, Karakaya AE. The role of oxidative DNA damage, DNA repair, GSTM1, SOD2 and OGG1 polymorphisms in individual susceptibility to Barrett’s esophagus. Toxicol Ind Health 2010; 26:67-79. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233709359278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the genetic alterations, which play a role in the etiology of Barrett’s esophagus (BE), could help identify high-risk individuals for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of oxidative DNA damage, glutathione (GSH) concentration as oxidative stress parameters and DNA repair capacity, GSTM1, SOD1 Ala16Val and OGG1 Ser326Cys genetic polymorphisms as individual susceptibility parameters in the etiology of BE. The study groups comprised BE patients who were clinically diagnosed (n = 40) and a healthy control group (n = 40). Basal DNA damage, pyrimidine and purine base damage after H2O2 induction, H 2O2 sensitivity, DNA repair capacity, oxidized pyrimidine and purine base damage repair were evaluated in peripheral blood lymphocytes with a modified comet assay using specific endonucleases (Endo III and Fpg). Polymerase chain reaction—restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)-based assays were used for genotyping. The patient group showed elevated levels of basal DNA damage, pyrimidine base damage and H2O2 sensitivity as compared to controls (p < .05). DNA repair capacity, oxidized pyrimidine and purine base damage repair capacity, were not statistically different between patients and controls. GSH concentration was found to be significantly lower in smoking patients than in the controls (p < .05). None of the genetic variations changed the risk of having BE disease. However, patients carrying the variant OGG1 Cys allele showed elevated levels of pyrimidine base damage as compared to patients carrying the wild-type OGG1 Ser (p < .05). The results of this study point to a role of oxidative DNA damage in BE. However, DNA repair capacity, GSTM1, SOD1 Ala16Val and OGG1 Ser326Cys genetic polymorphisms appeared to play no role in the individual susceptibility to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Kadioglu
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey,
| | - Semra Sardas
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Ergun
- Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selahattin Unal
- Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Esat Karakaya
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey
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Yamakura F, Kawasaki H. Post-translational modifications of superoxide dismutase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1804:318-25. [PMID: 19837190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of proteins control many biological processes through the activation, inactivation, or gain-of-function of the proteins. Recent developments in mass spectrometry have enabled detailed structural analyses of covalent modifications of proteins and also have shed light on the post-translational modification of superoxide dismutase. In this review, we introduce some covalent modifications of superoxide dismutase, nitration, phosphorylation, glutathionylaion, and glycation. Nitration has been the most extensively analyzed modification both in vitro and in vivo. Reaction of human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) with reactive nitrogen species resulted in nitration of a single tryptophan residue to 6-nitrotryptophan, which could be a new biomarker of a formation of reactive nitrogen species. On the other hand, tyrosine 34 of human MnSOD was exclusively nitrated to 3-nitrotyrosine and almost completely inactivated by the reaction with peroxynitrite. The nitrated MnSOD has been found in many diseases caused by ischemia/reperfusion, inflammation, and others and may have a pivotal role in the pathology of the diseases. Most of the post-translational modifications have given rise to a reduced activity of SOD. Since phosphorylation and nitration of SOD have been shown to have a possible reversible process, these modifications may be related to a redox signaling process in cells. Finally we briefly introduce a metal insertion system of SOD, focusing particularly on the iron misincorporation of nSOD, as a part of post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyuki Yamakura
- Department of Chemistry, Juntendo University School of Health Care and Nursing, Japan.
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Allameh A, Rasmi Y, Nasseri-Moghaddam S, Tavangar SM, Sharifi R, Sadreddini M. Immunohistochemical analysis of selected molecular markers in esophagus precancerous, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in Iranian subjects. Cancer Epidemiol 2009; 33:79-84. [PMID: 19679052 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular and cellular mechanisms linking chronic inflammation and gastrointestinal malignancy are not known with certainty. AIM To investigate changes in potential causative factors during progression of esophagus cancer in a population living in high-risk area in Iran. SUBJECTS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded esophageal specimens (n=87) from patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's metaplasia, adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cells carcinoma (SCC) were collected based on their pathological diagnosis. METHODS Immunohistochemical (IHC) technique was used to study tissue accumulation of P53, P21, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), glutathione S-transferase-P (GST-Pi) and nitrotyrosine (NT) in patients and controls. RESULTS P53 expression was not detected in esophageal tissues from normal and GERD samples, whereas it was found positive in Barrett's, ADC, and SCC samples. P21 positive sample was relatively higher in ADC patients as compared to that in SCC (ADC: 52.6%; SCC: 25%). GST-Pi expression was equally accumulated in all the samples. NT was predominantly expressed in ADC (72.7%). COX-2 expression was significantly higher in Barrett's (60.0%) and ADC (66.6%) as compared to that in GERD, SCC and normal. These data were further confirmed by detecting the scores of immunostainings in all the positive samples. CONCLUSION The pathological changes in ADC and SCC samples which were associated with increasing frequency of NT and COX-2 provides further evidence for involvement of these inflammatory factors in progression of esophagus cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolamir Allameh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Tsai TL, Chang SY, Ho CY, Kou YR. Role of ATP in the ROS-mediated laryngeal airway hyperreactivity induced by laryngeal acid-pepsin insult in anesthetized rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 106:1584-92. [PMID: 19246655 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91517.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenetic mechanisms of laryngeal airway hyperreactivity (LAH) in patients with extraesophageal reflux are unclear. We recently reported that a laryngeal acid-pepsin insult produces LAH that is mediated through sensitization of the capsaicin-sensitive laryngeal afferent fibers by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rats. Since ROS may promote the release of ATP from cells, we hypothesized that activation of P2X purinoceptors by ATP subsequent to an increase in ROS induces LAH in an inflamed larynx that has been insulted by acid-pepsin or H(2)O(2) (a major type of ROS). The larynxes of 208 anesthetized rats were functionally isolated while the animals breathed spontaneously. Ammonia vapor was delivered into the larynx to measure laryngeal reflex reactivity. Laryngeal insult with acid-pepsin or H(2)O(2) produced LAH with similar characteristics. The H(2)O(2)-induced LAH was prevented by laryngeal pretreatment with dimethylthiourea (a hydroxyl radical scavenger), suggesting a critical role for ROS. The LAH induced by both insults were completely prevented by ATP scavengers (a combination of apyrase and adenosine deaminase) or a P2X receptor antagonist (iso-pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',5'-disulfonate). Laryngeal application of a P2X receptor agonist (alpha,beta-methylene-ATP) also produced LAH. An insult with either acid-pepsin or H(2)O(2) similarly promoted an increase in the levels of ATP, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation in the larynx. Our findings suggest that laryngeal insult with acid-pepsin or H(2)O(2) induces inflammation and produces excess ROS in the rat's larynx. The latter may in turn promote the release of ATP to activate P2X receptors, resulting in sensitization of capsaicin-sensitive laryngeal afferent fibers and LAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Lung Tsai
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Univ., Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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Jolly AJ, Wild CP, Hardie LJ. Sodium deoxycholate causes nitric oxide mediated DNA damage in oesophageal cells. Free Radic Res 2009; 43:234-40. [PMID: 19156554 DOI: 10.1080/10715760802684211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease experience the reflux of acid and bile into the distal oesophagus. The secondary bile salt sodium deoxycholate (NDC) is implicated in the induction of mucosal injury during reflux episodes. This study hypothesized that NDC damages DNA in oesophageal cells by an oxidative mechanism. In the oesophageal cell line HET1-A, increased production of nitric oxide (NO) was measured in NDC-treated cells. Protection from DNA strand breaks induced by NDC (10 microm) was observed in cells coincubated with the nitric oxide scavenger C-PTIO (p<0.012) or pre-incubated with the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (p<0.009) or the NFkappaB inhibitor, TPCK (p<0.036). Collectively these data implicate the involvement of NFkappaB and nitric oxide synthase in the DNA damage induced by NDC in oesophageal cells. In conclusion, NDC-driven NO production may play an important role in inducing DNA damage during episodes of gastro-oesophageal reflux and thereby contribute to reflux-related carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J Jolly
- Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, UK
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Tutar E, Ertem D, Unluguzel G, Tanrikulu S, Haklar G, Celikel C, Ademoglu E, Pehlivanoglu E. Reactive oxygen species and chemokines: Are they elevated in the esophageal mucosa of children with gastroesophageal reflux disease? World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:3218-23. [PMID: 18506929 PMCID: PMC2712856 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.3218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the role of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in childhood reflux esophagitis.
METHODS: A total of 59 subjects who had complaints suggesting GERD underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Endoscopic and histopathologic diagnosis of reflux esophagitis was established by Savary-Miller and Vandenplas grading systems, respectively. Esophageal biopsy specimens were taken from the esophagus 20% proximal above the esophagogastric junction for conventional histopathological examination and the measurements of ROS and cytokine levels. ROS were measured by chemiluminescence, whereas IL-8 and MCP-1 levels were determined with quantitative immunometric ELISA on esophageal tissue. Esophageal tissue ROS, IL-8 and MCP-1 levels were compared among groups with and without endoscopic/histo-pathologic esophagitis.
RESULTS: Of 59 patients 28 (47.5%) had normal esophagus whereas 31 (52.5%) had endoscopic esophagitis. In histopathological evaluation, almost 73% of the cases had mild and 6.8% had moderate degree of esophagitis. When ROS and chemokine levels were compared among groups with and without endoscopic esophagitis, statistical difference could not be found between patients with and without esophagitis. Although the levels of ROS, IL-8 and MCP-1 were found to be higher in the group with histopathological reflux esophagitis, this difference was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the grade of esophagitis is usually mild or moderate during childhood and factors apart from ROS, IL-8 and MCP-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis in children.
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Guy NC, Garewal H, Holubec H, Bernstein H, Payne CM, Bernstein C, Bhattacharyya AK, Dvorak K. A novel dietary-related model of esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus, a premalignant lesion. Nutr Cancer 2008; 59:217-27. [PMID: 18001217 DOI: 10.1080/01635580701499529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant lesion in which columnar epithelium (containing goblet cells) replaces esophageal squamous cells. Previous evidence suggested that hydrophobic bile acids and zinc deficiency each play a role in BE development. We fed wild-type C57BL/6 mice a zinc-deficient diet containing the hydrophobic bile acid, deoxycholic acid for various times up to 152 days. All mice fed this diet developed esophagitis by 69 days on the diet and 63% of the mice on this diet for 88 to 152 days also developed a BE-like lesion. Esophageal tissues showed thickened mucosa, increased proliferation, and increased expression of markers associated with oxidative and nitrosative stress. The newly formed BE-like lesions expressed Mucin-2, a marker of columnar differentiation. They also showed translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappaB and beta -catenin to the nucleus and typical histological changes associated with BE lesions. This mouse model of esophagitis and BE is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of BE pathogenesis and to strategies for prevention of BE progression to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihsuan C Guy
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Kuroiwa Y, Okamura T, Ishii Y, Umemura T, Tasaki M, Kanki K, Mitsumori K, Hirose M, Nishikawa A. Enhancement of esophageal carcinogenesis in acid reflux model rats treated with ascorbic acid and sodium nitrite in combination with or without initiation. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:7-13. [PMID: 17953708 PMCID: PMC11158633 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Revised: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined treatment with sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and ascorbic acid (AsA) has already been shown to promote rat forestomach carcinogenesis, possibly due to nitric oxide generation under acidic conditions. We hypothesized that a similar effect might occur in the esophagus when the luminal pH is decreased by acid reflux. To clarify this possibility, reflux esophagitis model rats (F344 male) were coadministered 0.2% NaNO2 in the drinking water and 1% AsA in the diet. After 32 weeks of the combined treatment, a significant increase in the incidence of epithelial hyperplasias of the lower-middle and lowest parts of the esophagus were observed compared with the basal-diet group, along with exacerbation of dysplasia and extension of the lesions. Additionally, one squamous cell papilloma was found only in the combined-treatment group. Subsequently, we confirmed the enhancing effects of NaNO2 and AsA cotreatment in the rat N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine-initiated esophageal tumorigenesis model. The incidence of hyperplasia was enhanced in all segments, along with the incidence and multiplicity of squamous cell papillomas in the lowest segment of the esophagus. Thus, the data demonstrate that combined treatment with NaNO2 and AsA exerts promoting effects on rat esophageal carcinogenesis under acid reflux conditions, as in the forestomach. These findings suggest that the risk of excessive intake of a combination of nitrite and antioxidants for esophageal carcinogenesis is appreciable, particularly in patients with reflux esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kuroiwa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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Räsänen JV, Sihvo EIT, Rantanen TK, Ahotupa MO, Färkkilä MA, Harjula A, Salo JA. Gastroesophageal reflux patients' defective antioxidative capacity in the proximal esophageal mucosa before antireflux surgery and also after 4-year follow-up. Ann Med 2008; 40:74-80. [PMID: 17943478 DOI: 10.1080/07853890701668508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has a role in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). AIM To investigate the redox balance in proximal esophagus before and 6 and 48 months after antireflux surgery. METHODS In 20 GERD patients and 9 controls oxidative stress by myeloperoxidase activity (MPO activity) and antioxidative capacity of esophageal mucosa by superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), and glutathione content (GSH) was measured from proximal esophageal samples. RESULTS In proximal esophagus of GERD patients compared to controls', antioxidative capacity appearing as GSH level was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) at all time points and as SOD levels preoperatively (P < 0.001) and 4 years postoperatively (P = 0.01). MPO activity of patients was significantly lower than controls' preoperatively, and 6 months and 4 years postoperatively (P < 0.05). MPO activity remained lower than that of the distal esophagus at 6 months and 4 years (P < 0.01 for both). CONCLUSIONS In GERD patients, proximal esophageal mucosal antioxidative defense is defective before and after antireflux surgery. Antireflux surgery seems not to change the level of oxidative stress in proximal esophagus, suggesting that defective mucosal antioxidative capacity plays a role in development of oxidative damage to the esophageal mucosa in GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari V Räsänen
- Division of General Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Isomoto H, Nishi Y, Kanazawa Y, Shikuwa S, Mizuta Y, Inoue K, Kohno S. Immune and Inflammatory Responses in GERD and Lansoprazole. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2007; 41:84-91. [PMID: 18193101 PMCID: PMC2170946 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.2007012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remain unclear. Recent studies have shown that mucosal immune and inflammatory responses, characterized by specific cytokine and chemokine profiles, may underlie the diverse esophageal phenotypes of GERD. Interleukin 8 (IL-8), a representative chemokine, mediates neutrophil trafficking via its receptors, mainly CXCR-1. The IL-8 mRNA and protein levels are increased in the esophageal mucosa, not only in reflux esophagitis (RE), but also in endoscopy-negative GERD (NERD), through activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), which is a pivotal transcription factor. Mucosal IL-8 concentrations have been found to parallel the endoscopic severity of RE, implying that this cytokine is a key player in the development of GERD. The mucosal levels of the C-C chemokines, macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and regulated on activation normal T-cell-expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES), which primarily attract monocytes and lymphocytes to the site of inflammation, respectively, are also elevated in RE. The secreted levels of IL-8 and IL-1beta, a prototype of proinflammatory cytokine, are maximal at the proximal segment within Barrett esophagus (BE) tissue. The expression of the two pleiotrophic proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, is enhanced in the intestinal epithelium of BE, which places this epithelium at a higher risk for developing malignancy. BE is characterized by a distinct Th-2 predominant cytokine profile (IL-4 and -10), compared to the proinflammatory nature of RE (interferone-gamma). Treatment with a proton pump inhibitor, lansoprazole reduces the mucosal levels of IL-8 mRNA and protein in GERD, including RE and NERD. This may occur in part through an anti-inflammatory action of proton pump inhibitors beyond gastric acid inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Isomoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshito Nishi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yusei Kanazawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Saburo Shikuwa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Mizuta
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Inoue
- Shunkaikai Inoue Hospital, 12-6 Takaramachi, Nagasaki 852-0045, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kohno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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Li Y, Wo JM, Su RR, Ray MB, Martin RCG. Alterations in manganese superoxide dismutase expression in the progression from reflux esophagitis to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2007; 14:2045-55. [PMID: 17473952 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-007-9387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive understanding of the basic mechanisms in the progression of esophagitis, Barrett esophagus (BE), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is urgently needed to develop a management strategy for an effective screening of BE and management of EAC. The aim of this study is to provide a detailed insight of the histology and the cellular and molecular events associated with the genesis of BE and EAC under the esophagoduodenal reflux conditions. METHODS Esophagoduodenal anastomosis (EDA) was performed on rats. Animals were weighed weekly and killed after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months. The entire esophagi were examined for macroscopic and microscopic changes and for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression, and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling) assay was performed. RESULTS Morphological transformation from esophagitis (100% of animals) to BE (66% of animals) to EAC was observed after 3 months. There was marked loss of MnSOD expression in animals with esophagitis and BE at 1 and 2 months, with an increase in expression during the transformation to dysplasia and EAC. Increased proliferation and apoptosis was observed and reached a peak at months 1 and 2. Greatly increased levels of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine was found during the progression to EAC. CONCLUSIONS The morphological transformation of the esophageal mucosa is an adaptive process, and it is an important foundation for the transdifferentiation of BE and cancer. The significant loss of MnSOD expression to achieve BE and then the adaptive increase in expression to achieve dysplasia and EAC during this transformation may represent a predictive marker in identifying patients who will progress from BE to EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 315 E Broadway #312, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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Griffiths EA, Pritchard SA, McGrath SM, Valentine HR, Price PM, Welch IM, West CML. Increasing expression of hypoxia-inducible proteins in the Barrett's metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:1377-83. [PMID: 17437013 PMCID: PMC2360174 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-associated markers are involved in the progression of several malignancies, but are relatively unstudied in Barrett's carcinogenesis. Our aim was to assess the immunohistochemical expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, HIF-2α, erythropoietin (Epo), Epo receptor (Epo-R), Glut-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) along with Ki67/MIB-1 in the Barrett's metaplasia–dysplasia–adenocarcinoma sequence. Endoscopic biopsies of normal squamous epithelium (NSE) (n=20), columnar-lined oesophagus (CLO) (n=15), CLO with intestinal metaplasia (n=20), dysplasia (n=17) and Barrett's type adenocarcinoma (n=20) were obtained. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the paraffin-embedded tissue. A score was calculated for each marker (range 0−300) by multiplying intensity (none 0, weak 1, moderate 2, strong 3) by percentage of expression (range 0–100). Significant increases in the expression of HIF-2α (P=0.014), VEGF (P<0.0001), Epo-R (P<0.0001) and Ki67 (P<0.0001) were found as tissue progressed from NSE to adenocarcinoma. HIF-2α was expressed late in the sequence and was only seen in dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. High HIF-2α expression was seen in 12 out of 20 Barrett's type adenocarcinoma. The late expression of HIF-2α in the Barrett's carcinogenesis sequence and its high expression in adenocarcinoma suggest that it is worth further investigation as a marker of disease progression and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Griffiths
- Academic Radiation Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Christie Hospital, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospitals NHS Trust, South Manchester, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - S A Pritchard
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals NHS Trust, South Manchester, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - S M McGrath
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals NHS Trust, South Manchester, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - H R Valentine
- Academic Radiation Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Christie Hospital, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - P M Price
- Academic Radiation Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Christie Hospital, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - I M Welch
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospitals NHS Trust, South Manchester, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - C M L West
- Academic Radiation Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Christie Hospital, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
- E-mail:
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37
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Li Y, Wo JM, Su RR, Ray MB, Martin RCG. Loss of manganese superoxide dismutase expression and activity in rat esophagus with external esophageal perfusion. Surgery 2007; 141:359-67. [PMID: 17349848 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2006.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Revised: 06/01/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), the primary antioxidant enzyme that scavenges superoxide radicals found in the mitochondria, has been shown to protect oxygen-utilizing cells from the toxicity of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Current studies in the animal esophageal reflux model are limited, and the reports on the relevance of protein expression level and enzymatic antioxidative activity of MnSOD in esophageal mucosal defense are controversial. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the role of MnSOD expression and activity in rats with esophageal perfusion injury. METHODS We have established a novel external esophageal perfusion (EEP) animal model that allows for esophageal reflux injury. We used the model with 0.5% bovine bile as the perfusion agent in one group of rats and used saline in another group to serve as controls. The esophageal mucosal was isolated for MnSOD expression and activity analysis. RESULTS Severe esophagitis was observed in the mucosa at 1, 2, and 4 week(s) after bile perfusion. A significant decrease in MnSOD expression with bile perfusion was demonstrated by Western blotting and immunohistochemical evaluation. Similarly, a reduction in MnSOD enzyme activity was observed in bile-perfused rats compared with the saline-perfused controls; no decrease in copper/zinc SOD enzyme activity was observed. CONCLUSIONS MnSOD expression and activity is decreased in bile-induced esophagitis. This decrease in MnSOD expression and activity is associated with esophagitis and cell death. This study suggests that the loss of MnSOD protein contributes to the reduced level of its enzymatic activity and plays a key role in the induction of esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Tsai TL, Chang SY, Ho CY, Kou YR. Neural and hydroxyl radical mechanisms underlying laryngeal airway hyperreactivity induced by laryngeal acid-pepsin insult in anesthetized rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2006; 101:328-38. [PMID: 16782836 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00064.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngopharyngeal or gastroesophageal reflux is associated with laryngeal airway hyperreactivity (LAH), but neither the cause-effect relationship nor the underlying mechanism has been elucidated. Here we established a rat model with enhanced laryngeal reflex reactivity induced by laryngeal acid-pepsin insult and investigated the neural and hydroxyl radical (*OH) mechanisms involved. The laryngeal segments of 103 anesthetized rats were functionally isolated while animals breathed spontaneously. Ammonia vapor was delivered into the laryngeal segment to measure laryngeal reflex reactivity. We found that the laryngeal pH 5-pepsin treatment doubled the reflex apneic response to ammonia, whereas laryngeal pH 7.4-pepsin, pH 2-pepsin, and pH 5-denatured pepsin treatment had no effect. Histological examination revealed limited laryngeal inflammation and epithelial damage after pH 5-pepsin treatment and more severe damage after pH 2-pepsin treatment. In rats that had received the laryngeal pH 5-pepsin treatment, the apneic response to ammonia was abolished by either denervation or perineural capsaicin treatment (PCT; a procedure that selectively blocks capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibers) of the superior laryngeal nerves, but was unaffected by perineural sham treatment. LAH was prevented by laryngeal application of either dimethylthiourea (DMTU; a *OH scavenger) or deferoxamine (DEF; an antioxidant for *OH), but was unaltered by the DMTU vehicle or iron-saturated DEF (ineffective DEF). LAH reappeared after recovery from PCT, DMTU, or DEF treatment. We conclude that 1) laryngeal insult by pepsin at a weakly acidic pH, but not at acidic pH, can produce LAH; and 2) LAH is probably mediated through sensitization of the capsaicin-sensitive laryngeal afferent fibers by a *OH mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Lung Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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