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The Role of Histone Acetylation-/Methylation-Mediated Apoptotic Gene Regulation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238894. [PMID: 33255318 PMCID: PMC7727670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics, an inheritable phenomenon, which influences the expression of gene without altering the DNA sequence, offers a new perspective on the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is projected to account for a significant share of HCC incidence due to the growing prevalence of various metabolic disorders. One of the major molecular mechanisms involved in epigenetic regulation, post-translational histone modification seems to coordinate various aspects of NASH which will further progress to HCC. Mounting evidence suggests that the orchestrated events of cellular and nuclear changes during apoptosis can be regulated by histone modifications. This review focuses on the current advances in the study of acetylation-/methylation-mediated histone modification in apoptosis and the implication of these epigenetic regulations in HCC. The reversibility of epigenetic alterations and the agents that can target these alterations offers novel therapeutic approaches and strategies for drug development. Further molecular mechanistic studies are required to enhance information governing these epigenetic modulators, which will facilitate the design of more effective diagnosis and treatment options.
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Sharma GP, Gurung SK, Inam A, Nigam L, Bist A, Mohapatra D, Senapati S, Subbarao N, Azam A, Mondal N. CID-6033590 inhibits p38MAPK pathway and induces S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in DU145 and PC-3 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:420-436. [PMID: 31175925 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer, with no effective treatment, is among the leading causes of cancer-associated deaths in men. Overexpression of p38αMAPK has been observed in neuroendocrine prostate cancer patients and in both DU145 and PC-3 cell lines and represents a good drug target. Sulfonamide derivatives have shown biological activities against many human diseases, including cancer. CID-6033590, a sulfonylhydrazide compound, screened from PubChem database by molecular docking with p38αMAPK, was evaluated for anti-cancerous activities. CID-6033590 induced toxicity in both DU145 and PC-3 cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 60 μM and 66 μM, respectively. Sub-cytotoxic concentrations of the compound significantly induced S-phase cell cycle arrest, inhibited cyclinA/CDK2 complex and blocked cell proliferation. Further, CID-6033590 downregulated phosphorylation of p38MAPK (P-p38) as well as its downstream targets, Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2) and Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27). The compound increased ROS and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), downregulated Bcl-2 and survivin and cleaved poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3, indicating the induction of apoptosis. The evaluaion of the compound on noncancerous, human prostatic epithelial cell line RWPE-1, and healthy murine tissues yielded no significant toxicity. Taken together, we suggest CID-6033590 as a potential candidate for prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Afreen Inam
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Lokesh Nigam
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Bist
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Naidu Subbarao
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amir Azam
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Neelima Mondal
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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Ma C, Lu B, Sun E. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of survivin expression in renal cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Postgrad Med J 2016; 93:186-192. [PMID: 27489375 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivin has been reported to play a role in the diagnosis and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, published data on this subject are conflicting. AIM To conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of survivin as a prognostic marker and its association with clinicopathological variables in patients with RCC. METHOD Comprehensive searches of electronic databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge Embase, Google Scholar Web and the Cochrane Library) were updated to June 2016 to retrieve eligible studies. The association strength was measured with relative risks (RRs) and pooled HRs with 95% CIs, which were extracted and pooled to determine the association between survivin expression and patient survival and clinicopathological features. RESULTS Ten studies with 1063 cases of RCC were included. Positive survivin expression in RCC was associated with the TNM stage (pooled RR 1.49; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.07) or Fuhrman grade (pooled RR 1.63; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.32) in patients. The correlation between survivin expression and gender was not significant (pooled RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.83 to 1.15). In addition, a considerable association was found between survivin expression and overall survival for patients with RCC (pooled HR 1.94; 95% CI 1.24 to 3.05 (multivariate model) and 5.41; 95% CI 4.08 to 7.17 (univariate model)). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that survivin is of prognostic significance in patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengquan Ma
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingxin Lu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Nankai hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Erlin Sun
- Tianjin institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Yenkejeh RA, Sam MR, Esmaeillou M. Targeting survivin with prodigiosin isolated from cell wall of Serratia marcescens induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:402-411. [PMID: 27334973 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116651122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway increases survivin expression that is involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. Therefore, downregulation of survivin may provide an attractive strategy for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this regard, little is known about the anticancer effects of prodigiosin isolated from cell wall of Serratia marcescens on the survivin expression and induction of apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were treated with 100-, 200-, 400-, and 600-nM prodigiosin after which morphology of cells, cell number, growth inhibition, survivin expression, caspase-3 activation, and apoptotic rate were evaluated by inverted microscope, hemocytometer, MTT assay, RT-PCR, fluorometric immunosorbent enzyme assay, and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. RESULTS Prodigiosin changed morphology of cells to apoptotic forms and disrupted cell connections. This compound significantly increased growth inhibition rate and decreased metabolic activity of HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After 24-, 48-, and 72-h treatments with prodigiosin at concentrations ranging from 100 nM to 600 nM, growth inhibition rates were measured to be 1.5-10%, 24-47.5%, and 55.5-72.5%, respectively, compared to untreated cells. At the same conditions, metabolic activities were measured to be 91-83%, 74-53%, and 47-31% for indicated concentrations of prodigiosin, respectively, compared to untreated cells. We also found that treatment of HepG2 cells for 48 h decreased significantly cell number and survivin expression and increased caspase-3 activation in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, treatment with 600-nM prodigiosin resulted in 77% decrease in cell number, 88.5% decrease in survivin messenger RNA level, and 330% increase in caspase-3 activation level compared to untreated cells. An increase in the number of apoptotic cells (late apoptosis) ranging from 36.9% to 97.4% was observed with increasing prodigiosin concentrations. CONCLUSION From our data, prodigiosin is an attractive compound that turns the profile of high-level survivin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells into that of normal cells and may provide a novel approach to the hepatocellular carcinoma-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Yenkejeh
- 1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M R Sam
- 1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran.,2 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M Esmaeillou
- 1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Vogl TJ, Oppermann E, Qian J, Imlau U, Tran A, Hamidavi Y, Korkusuz H, Bechstein WO, Nour-Eldin NEAR, Gruber-Rouh T, Hammerstingl R, Naguib NNN. Transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma in a rat model: the effect of additional injection of survivin siRNA to the treatment protocol. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:325. [PMID: 27215551 PMCID: PMC4878032 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization is one of the most widely accepted interventional treatment options for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Still there is a lack of a standard protocol regarding the injected chemotherapeutics. Survivin is an inhibitor of Apoptosis protein that functions to inhibit apoptosis, promote proliferation, and enhance invasion. Survivin is selectively up-regulated in many human tumors. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can trigger an RNA interference response in mammalian cells and induce strong inhibition of specific gene expression including Survivin. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of the additional injection of Survivin siRNA to the routine protocol of Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in a rat model. METHODS The study was performed on 20 male ACI rats. On day 0 a solid Morris Hepatoma 3924A was subcapsullary implanted in the liver. On day 12 MRI measurement of the initial tumor volume (V1) was performed. TACE was performed on day 13. The rats were divided into 2 groups; Group (A, n = 10) in which 0.1 mg mitomycin, 0.1 ml lipiodol and 5.0 mg degradable starch microspheres were injected in addition 2.5 nmol survivin siRNA were injected. The same agents were injected in Group (B,=10) without Survivin siRNA. MRI was repeated on day 25 to assess the tumor volume (V2). The tumor growth ratio (V2/V1) was calculated. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. RESULTS For group A the mean tumor growth ratio (V2/V1) was 1.1313 +/- 0.1381, and was 3.1911 +/- 0.1393 in group B. A statistically significant difference between both groups was observed regarding the inhibition of tumor growth (P < 0.0001) where Group A showed more inhibition compared to Group B. Similarly immunohistochemical analysis showed significantly lower (p < 0.002) VEGF staining in group A compared to group B. Western Blot analysis showed a similar difference in VEGF expression (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The additional injection of Survivin siRNA to the routine TACE protocol increased the inhibition of the hepatocellular carcinoma growth in a rat animal model compared to regular TACE protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Vogl
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany.
| | - Elsie Oppermann
- Department of General Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jun Qian
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Ulli Imlau
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Andreas Tran
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Yousef Hamidavi
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Huedayi Korkusuz
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Wolf Otto Bechstein
- Department of General Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nour-Eldin Abdel-Rehim Nour-Eldin
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tatjana Gruber-Rouh
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Renate Hammerstingl
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Nagy Naguib Naeem Naguib
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Jia X, Gao Y, Zhai D, Liu J, Wang Y, Jing LI, DU Z. Survivin is not a promising serological maker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2347-2352. [PMID: 26137069 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin expression in the serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and nonmalignant chronic liver diseases remain to be elucidated. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the diagnostic role of survivin in the serum of patients with HCC and identify which ELISA kit performed best in detecting the levels of serum survivin. In total, 80 patients were included in the present study, including 20 patients with HCC, 20 patients with liver cirrhosis, 20 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and 20 healthy volunteers. The levels of survivin protein in the serum were detected using two different ELISA kits (R&D and Abnova). The positive ratios of serum survivin detected by the R&D ELISA kit in all the cases were 8.75% (7/80; median, 0 pg/ml; range, 0-39.8 pg/ml) and in HCC patients were 5% (1/20; median, 0 pg/ml; range, 0-39.8 pg/ml). For the same samples analyzed using the Abnova ELISA kit, the positive ratios of serum survivin in all the cases were 22.5% (18/80; median, 0 pg/ml; range, 0-553.5 pg/ml) and in HCC patients were 25% (5/20; median, 0 pg/ml; range, 0-93.5 pg/ml). The results obtained by the different ELISA kits demonstrated no statistically significant differences in the level of survivin between HCC patients and healthy controls. The correlation coefficient was 0.0064 (P=0.481) when analyzing the same serum samples with the different ELISA kits. In addition, the highest positive ratio of serum survivin was observed using the Abnova kit. A statistically significant difference in the results was observed between the R&D and Abnova kits. In general, the levels and positive ratios of serum survivin in the patients with HCC were significantly low. Furthermore, no difference was observed between HCC patients and controls in regard to the levels of serum survivin detected by the R&D and Abnova ELISA kits. In conclusion, survivin is unlikely to be a promising serological maker for the diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Jia
- Third Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Yingtang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Daokuan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - L I Jing
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Zhi DU
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China ; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
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Li C, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhu M, Chen F, Hu Y, Liu H, Zhu H. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a trigger for tumorigenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8429-41. [PMID: 25238261 PMCID: PMC4226694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide with poor prognosis. IFN-stimulated genes 15 (ISG15) is an ubiquitin-like molecule that is strongly upregulated by type I interferons as a primary response to diverse microbial and cellular stress stimuli. However, the role of ISG15 in HCC remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the function of ISG15 during HCC progression and related mechanism using clinicopathological data, cell line and xenograft model. Our results indicated that ISG15 is highly expressed in HCC tissues and multiple HCC cell lines. ISG15 expression is significantly associated with the differentiation grade, metastatic of tumor and survival of HCC patients. However, the expression of ISG15 is not affected by HBV infection. ISG15 promotes the proliferation and migration of hepatocarcinoma cells through maintaining Survivin protein stabilization via sequestering XIAP from interacting with Survivin. Knowing down ISG15 with SiRNA inhibited the xenografted tumor growth and prolonged the lifespan of tumor-bearing mice. All these results support that ISG15 high expression is an intrinsic feature for HCC and a trigger for tumorigenesis and metastasis. ISG15 may be a prognostic biomarker and the inhibition of ISG15 could provide a therapeutic advantage for HCC patients over-expressing ISG15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingao Zhu
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hudan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Li G, Chang H, Zhai YP, Xu W. Targeted silencing of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins with siRNAs: a potential anti-cancer strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:4943-52. [PMID: 24175757 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.9.4943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies, with a very poor prognosis. Despite significant improvements in diagnosis and treatment in recent years, the long-term therapeutic efficacy is poor, partially due to tumor metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to chemo- or radio-therapy. Recently, it was found that a major feature of tumors is a combination of unrestrained cell proliferation and impaired apoptosis. There are now 8 recognized members of the IAP-family: NAIP, c-IAP1, c-IAP2, XIAP, Survivin, Bruce, Livin and ILP-2. These proteins all contribute to inhibition of apoptosis, and provide new potential avenues of cancer treatment. As a powerful tool to suppress gene expression in mammalian cells, RNAi species for inhibiting IAP genes can be directed against cancers. This review will provide a brief introduction to recent developments of the application IAP-siRNA in tumor studies, with the aim of inspiring future treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China E-mail :
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Hsiao CJ, Hsiao G, Chen WL, Wang SW, Chiang CP, Liu LY, Guh JH, Lee TH, Chung CL. Cephalochromin induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 human non-small-cell lung cancer cells by inflicting mitochondrial disruption. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:758-765. [PMID: 24588135 DOI: 10.1021/np400517g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The fungus-derived compound cephalochromin, isolated from the fermented broth of Cosmospora vilior YMJ89051501, shows growth-inhibitory and apoptotic activity against human lung cancer A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 2.8 μM at 48 h. Cephalochromin induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase through down-regulation of cyclin D1, cyclin E, Cdk 2, and Cdk 4 expressions. Cephalochromin markedly increased the hypodiploid sub-G1 phase (apoptosis) of the cell cycle at 48 h as measured by flow cytometric analysis. Reactive oxygen species generation and loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were also markedly induced by cephalochromin. Moreover, the immunoblotting assays showed that cephalochromin reduced survivin and Bcl-xL expression and induced the activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3 and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, indicating the involvement of a caspase signaling cascade. The caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk significantly suppressed cephalochromin-induced apoptosis. Cephalochromin also triggered LC3 II, autophagic marker, expression. Taken together, this is the first report that cephalochromin induced an antiproliferative effect on human lung cancer cells through mitochondrial disruption and down-regulation of survivin, leading to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, loss of MMP, and subsequently apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jen Hsiao
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Hammam O, Mahmoud O, Zahran M, Sayed A, Salama R, Hosny K, Farghly A. A Possible Role for TNF-α in Coordinating Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER RESEARCH : GCR 2013; 6:107-14. [PMID: 24147158 PMCID: PMC3782877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that chronic and persistent inflammation contributes to cancer development. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to cancer in chronic inflammation and the role of angiogenesis in inflammation-associated cancer remain poorly understood. METHODS NINETY PATIENTS WERE ENROLLED: 30 cases of CHC without cirrhosis, 28 cases of CHC with liver cirrhosis, and 32 cases of HCC and hepatitis C virus infection. Ten wedge liver biopsies, taken during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, served as normal controls. Serum TNF-α levels were measured using the ELISA technique; in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies were used to detect hepatic levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts and mature protein, respectively, for both TNF-α and VEGF. RESULTS The highest hepatic expression of TNF-α was noticed in liver cirrhosis specimens compared to noncirrhotic CHC and HCC. Hepatic expression of VEGF and serum level of TNF-α revealed significant increases in the progression of the disease. Moreover, cases with higher grades of inflammation or stages of fibrosis showed significant increases in serum TNF-α and expression of TNF-α and VEGF. Expression of mRNA of both TNF-α and VEGF shows increasing expression with positive correlation to progression of viral hepatitis to cirrhosis with more positivity in cases developed HCC. CONCLUSIONS VEGF signaling could be one of the molecular signaling pathways involved in TNF-α induced angiogenesis which might pose an important link between inflammation and fibrosis in CHC and HCC development and progression. Moreover, serum inflammatory biomarkers can be used to monitor the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ola Mahmoud
- Department of Hematology Theodor Bilharz Research Institute Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal Zahran
- Department of Hematology Theodor Bilharz Research Institute Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza Sayed
- Department of Hematology Theodor Bilharz Research Institute Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Karim Hosny
- Department of Surgery Kasr El Aini Hospital Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Farghly
- Department of Surgery Kasr El Aini Hospital Cairo, Egypt
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Sun Y, Xuan Q, Shu Q, Wu S, Chen H, Xiao J, Xiang P, Zhu Y, Wang F, Zhao S. Correlation of tumor relapse and elevated expression of survivin and vascular endothelial growth factor in superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:1045-53. [DOI: 10.4238/2013.april.2.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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LIU WENSONG, ZHU FENG, JIANG YONG, SUN DONGLIN, YANG BO, YAN HAIJIAO. siRNA targeting survivin inhibits the growth and enhances the chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:1183-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Wang M, Liu BG, Yang ZY, Hong X, Chen GY. Significance of survivin expression: Prognostic value and survival in stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Exp Ther Med 2012; 3:983-988. [PMID: 22970003 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the levels of survivin expression and identify its clinical significance as a prognostic factor for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A total of 210 cases of stage III NSCLC were collected and the expression levels of survivin and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in tumor tissues were investigated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The medical records of the patients were reviewed to determine the association with clinical course. Of the 210 NSCLC tissues, 112 (53.3%) cases demonstrated positive expression of survivin protein. Coexpression of survivin and VEGF-A was identified. The 5-year survival rate of patients with positive survivin expression was significantly lower compared with the survivin-negative cancer patients (P<0.05). The expression of survivin in NSCLC correlated with tumor size. Survivin and VEGF-A were independent prognostic factors of stage III NSCLC. Survivin protein is a valuable marker of prognosis in stage III NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, P.R. China
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Fartoux L, Decaens T. Contribution of biomarkers and imaging in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2011; 35 Suppl 1:S21-30. [PMID: 21742297 DOI: 10.1016/s2210-7401(11)70004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent malignant tumour of the liver. HCC prognosis is dependent on the determination of the tumour stage by conventional imaging and early screening. However, patient survival can vary with the same tumour stage. Biomarkers thus have a role in providing an earlier diagnosis, better prognosis classification before treatment and classification prognosis during treatment. In this review article, we will provide a successive, detailed description of the serum, pathological, molecular and imaging markers of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Fartoux
- Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine 75571 Paris Cedex 12, Paris, France.
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Tai CJ, Chin-Sheng H, Kuo LJ, Wei PL, Lu HH, Chen HA, Liu TZ, Liu JJ, Liu DZ, Ho YS, Wu CH, Chang YJ. Survivin-mediated cancer cell migration through GRP78 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression in Mahlavu cells. Ann Surg Oncol 2011; 19:336-43. [PMID: 21516372 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-011-1692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivin has multiple functions during the progression of cancer. However, the role of survivin in the progression and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Survivin expression in HCC cells (Mahlavu and Hep3B) was assessed using reverse transcription real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. In addition, survivin expression in HCC cells was manipulated using small interfering RNA (siRNA) or overexpression and proliferation and transwell migration assays were performed to monitor the effect of manipulated survivin expression on the growth rate and migratory ability of the transfected cells. RESULTS Among the HCC cell lines tested, we found high endogenous expression of survivin mRNA and protein in Mahlavu cells. After silencing survivin expression in Mahlavu cells, there was a dramatic decrease in the cell growth rate and an increase in the metastatic potential of the cells. Overexpression of survivin in Hep3B cells suppressed the ability of the cell to migrate. The mechanism of enhanced cell migration caused by decreased survivin expression is mediated through the downregulation of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and the upregulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, vimentin. CONCLUSIONS Survivin may mediate metastasis in HCC. The knockdown of survivin expression may enhance cancer metastasis through the downregulation of GRP78 and upregulation of vimentin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jeng Tai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Stefano JT, de Oliveira CPMS, Corrêa-Giannella ML, Soares IC, Kubrusly MS, Bellodi-Privato M, de Mello ES, de Lima VMR, Carrilho FJ, Alves VAF. Decreased immunoexpression of survivin could be a potential marker in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression? Liver Int 2011; 31:377-85. [PMID: 21108736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Regulation of apoptosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been a theme of growing debate. Although no other study assessed the role of survivin in NAFLD, its expression has been reported in hepatic carcinogenesis because of other aetiological factors with relevant discrepancies. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of survivin immunoexpression by tissue microarray along the whole spectrum of NAFLD, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Liver biopsies from 56 patients with NAFLD were evaluated: 18 with steatosis, 21 non-cirrhotic NASH, 10 NASH-related cirrhosis, seven NASH-related HCC, as compared with 71 HCC related to other causes and with 12 normal livers. RESULTS Survivin immunoexpression in NAFLD was restricted to cytoplasm and was found to be progressively lower in advanced stages, including cirrhosis and HCC: steatosis vs NASH-related cirrhosis (P=0.0243); steatosis vs NASH-related HCC (P=0.0010); NASH vs NASH-related cirrhosis (P=0.0318); and NASH vs NASH-related HCC (P=0.0007), thus suggesting a deregulation of apoptosis from NAFLD towards HCC. Interestingly, survivin immunoreactivity in NASH-related HCC was also found to be significantly lower than in HCC related to other causes (P<0.05). Remarkably, nuclear staining for survivin was not detected in any case of NAFLD, contrasting to its presence in all other cases of HCC. CONCLUSIONS Survivin immunoexpression in NASH-related HCC is herein originally found substantially different than in HCC related to other causes, thus requiring further studies to elucidate the role of survivin in human NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- José T Stefano
- Department of Gastroenterology (LIM-07 and 37), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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17
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Potential targets for molecular imaging of apoptosis resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Imaging Interv J 2011; 7:e5. [PMID: 21655114 PMCID: PMC3107687 DOI: 10.2349/biij.7.1.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers, which is mainly a concern in Southeast Asia. Apoptosis resistance in HCC is one of the significant factors for hepatocarcinogenesis and tumour progression. Recent advances of apoptosis resistance mechanisms in HCC could serve as potential targets for molecular imaging, which would be of considerable value to explore the molecular processes involved in HCC progression and to evaluate responses of certain anti-HCC therapies. Disruptions in the balance of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic processes have been found to be involved in apoptosis resistance in HCC. Loss of response to death receptors, transformation of growth factor-β induced apoptosis, upregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 subgroup, as well as downregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax subgroup and BH3-only subgroup, are associated with apoptosis resistance in HCC. Mutation of p53 gene, dysregulation of NF-κB and survivin are also of interest because of their contribution to HCC development. In this review, the aim is to identify potential targets for molecular imaging of apoptosis resistance in HCC.
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18
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Hasby EA, Mokhtar MA. Survivin immunohistochemical expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: Correlation with tumour differentiation and proliferation. Arab J Gastroenterol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ramakrishnan G, Lo Muzio L, Elinos-Báez CM, Jagan S, Augustine TA, Kamaraj S, Anandakumar P, Devaki T. Silymarin inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells. Cell Prolif 2009; 42:229-40. [PMID: 19317806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2008.00581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate mechanisms involved in the growth inhibitory effect of silymarin, in humanhepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 was utilized and the MTT assay was performed to study the antiproliferative effect of silymarin. Dual staining was undertaken for ethidium bromide/acridine orange, propidium iodide staining and DNA fragmentation studies were executed to confirm the presence of apoptosis. Cell-cycle analysis was revealed by flow cytometry and mitochondrial transmembrane potential was measured by uptake of the mitochondrial-specific lipophilic cationic dye rhodamine 123. Western blotting analysis for cytochrome c, p53, Bax, Bcl-2, APAF-1, caspase-3, survivin, beta-catenin, cyclin D1, c-Myc and PCNA was carried out. RESULTS Silymarin inhibited population growth of the hepatocellular carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased after treatment with 50 and 75 microg/ml silymarin for 24 h. Silymarin treatment increased the proportion of cells with reduced DNA content (sub-G(0)/G(1) or A(0) peak), indicative of apoptosis with loss of cells in the G(1) phase. Silymarin also decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential of the cells, thereby increasing levels of cytosolic cytochrome c while up-regulating expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (such as p53, Bax, APAF-1 and caspase-3) with concomitant decrease in anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and survivin) and proliferation-associated proteins (beta-catenin, cyclin D1, c-Myc and PCNA). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that silymarin treatment inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Expression of cortactin and survivin in renal cell carcinoma associated with tumor aggressiveness. World J Urol 2009; 27:557-63. [PMID: 19219613 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-009-0376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We tested the hypothesis that the expression of cortactin and survivin in renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) correlates with more advanced stages of the disease. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of cortactin and survivin expression (scored on a scale of 0-400) was performed in 124 renal cell carcinomas including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CRCC), papillary RCC (PRCC), CRCC with sarcomatoid differentiation (SRCC), chromophobe RCC (ChRCC), and CRCC with granular cell differentiation (GRCC). RESULTS Higher cortactin scores in CRCC were significantly correlated with higher T (p = 0.021) and N stages (p = 0.036), and nuclear grade (p = 0.012). Higher cortactin immunostaining scores were associated with higher mortality (p = 0.035). In addition, the survivin scores were significantly higher in the more aggressive GRCC and SRCC than in CRCC, suggesting a significant role of survivin expression in transformation of tumor cells to a more malignant phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Higher expression of cortactin and survivin significantly correlated with advanced clinicopathological stage. Our findings support the potential targeting of survivin and cortactin for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for renal cell carcinoma.
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem, being the sixth most common cancer world-wide. Dysregulation of the balance between proliferation and cell death represents a pro-tumorigenic principle in human hepatocarcinogenesis. This review updates the recent relevant contributions reporting molecular alterations for HCC that induce an imbalance in the regulation of apoptosis. Alterations in the expression and/or activation of p53 are frequent in HCC cells, which confer on them resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Many HCCs are also insensitive to apoptosis induced either by death receptor ligands, such as FasL or TRAIL, or by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Although the expression of some pro-apoptotic genes is decreased, the balance between death and survival is dysregulated in HCC mainly due to overactivation of anti-apoptotic pathways. Indeed, some molecules involved in counteracting apoptosis, such as Bcl-XL, Mcl-1, c-IAP1, XIAP or survivin are over-expressed in HCC cells. Furthermore, some growth factors that mediate cell survival are up-regulated in HCC, as well as the molecules involved in the machinery responsible for cleavage of their pro-forms to an active peptide. The expression and/or activation of the JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT and RAS/ERKs pathways are enhanced in many HCC cells, conferring on them resistance to apoptotic stimuli. Finally, recent evidence indicates that inflammatory processes, as well as the epithelial-mesenchymal transitions that occur in HCC cells to facilitate their dissemination, are related to cell survival. Therefore, therapeutic strategies to selectively inhibit anti-apoptotic signals in liver tumor cells have the potential to provide powerful tools to treat HCC.
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Mamori S, Asakura T, Ohkawa K, Tajiri H. Survivin expression in early hepatocellular carcinoma and post-treatment with anti-cancer drug under hypoxic culture condition. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:5306-11. [PMID: 17879398 PMCID: PMC4171318 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i40.5306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of survivin during the early stages of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: Immunohistochemical expression of survivin in liver tumor and non-tumor tissue specimens taken from 17 patients was compared. In addition, to determine the survivin expression in response to anti-cancer drugs in early stage HCC, the survivin expression was determined after the treatment of the HCC cells with anti-cancer drugs under hypoxic culture conditions.
RESULTS: Survivin proteins were expressed in 64.7% of cells in early HCC specimens. A correlation between the survivin expression rate in the peritumoral hepatocytes and the rate of expression in the HCC specimens (low-rate group vs high-rate group) was observed. The survivin protein concentration in HCC cells was increased by the combination of hypoxia and anti-cancer drugs.
CONCLUSION: This study suggests that survivin could be used as a therapeutic target in early HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mamori
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
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23
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Lu YS, Kashida Y, Kulp SK, Wang YC, Wang D, Hung JH, Tang M, Lin ZZ, Chen TJ, Cheng AL, Chen CS. Efficacy of a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor in murine models of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2007; 46:1119-30. [PMID: 17654699 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, yet effective therapeutic options for advanced HCC are limited. This study was aimed at assessing the antitumor effect of a novel phenylbutyrate-derived histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, OSU-HDAC42, vis-à-vis suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), in in vitro and in vivo models of human HCC. OSU-HDAC42 was several times more potent than SAHA in suppressing the viability of PLC5, Huh7, and Hep3B cells with submicromolar median inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values. With respect to SAHA, OSU-HDAC42 exhibited greater apoptogenic potency, which was associated with reduced levels of the apoptotic regulators phosphorylated Akt B-cell lymphoma-xL, survivin, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1, and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2. The in vivo efficacy of OSU-HDAC42 versus SAHA was assessed in orthotopic and subcutaneous xenograft tumor models in athymic nude mice. Daily oral treatments with OSU-HDAC42 and SAHA, both at 25 mg/kg, suppressed the growth of orthotopic PLC5 tumor xenografts by 91% and 66%, respectively, and of established subcutaneous PLC5 tumor xenografts by 85% and 56%, respectively. This differential tumor suppression correlated with the modulation of intratumoral biomarkers associated with HDAC inhibition and apoptosis regulation. Moreover, the oral administration of OSU-HDAC42 at 50 mg/kg every other day markedly suppressed ectopic tumor growth in mice bearing large tumor burdens (500 mm(3)) at the start of treatment. CONCLUSION OSU-HDAC42 is a potent, orally bioavailable inhibitor of HDAC with a broad spectrum of antitumor activity that includes targets regulating multiple aspects of cancer cell survival. These results suggest that OSU-HDAC42 has clinical value in therapeutic strategies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Shen Lu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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24
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Chau GY, Lee AFY, Tsay SH, Ke YR, Kao HL, Wong FH, Tsou AP, Chau YP. Clinicopathological significance of survivin expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Histopathology 2007; 51:204-18. [PMID: 17559540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Survivin, a newly discovered member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, is suggested to be involved in liver carcinogenesis. The aim was to investigate the clinical significance of survivin expression in resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and paired adjacent non-tumour tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blots were used to examine survivin mRNA and protein levels in 94 specimens of HCC tissues at different TNM stages and the data were correlated with the clinicopathological profiles. Patients were categorized into those with high tumour survivin protein levels (T-N >or= -1) and those with low levels (T-N < -1). Follow-up data were collected prospectively. mRNA levels of survivin and its splice variants in tumour tissue were significantly higher than in paired non-tumour tissue. However, survivin protein levels in paired non-tumour tissue were significantly higher than in tumour tissue from all three TNM stages. Additionally, high tumour survivin protein levels (T-N >or= -1) correlated with a better prognosis and low levels (T-N < -1) with a worse survival rate. CONCLUSIONS High cytoplasmic survivin protein levels in HCC tissues seem to be an indicator of better prognosis in HCC patients after resection.
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing
- Antibody Specificity
- Base Sequence
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/immunology
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survivin
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Affiliation(s)
- G-Y Chau
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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25
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D'Alessandro N, Poma P, Montalto G. Multifactorial nature of hepatocellular carcinoma drug resistance: could plant polyphenols be helpful? World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:2037-43. [PMID: 17465444 PMCID: PMC4319121 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i14.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a quite frequent tumor which results in high mortality and most often exhibits a poor response to present drug therapies. Clearly, a thorough understanding of the biological bases of this malignancy might suggest new strategies for its treatment. Here we examine the evidences that both "pharmacological" mechanisms (e.g. drug transporter or detoxification enzyme over-expression) and alterations in other critical factors, including the IAPs (Inhibitory of Apoptosis Proteins), involved in enhancement of cell survival and proliferation may determine the therapeutic resistance of HCC; we also underline the possible role in the process of the activation of transcription factors, like NF-kappaB, capable of contemporaneously up-regulating the mechanisms discussed. On this basis, we finally comment on the possible use of natural multi-targeted antitumoral agents like plant polyphenols to achieve sensitization to treatments in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natale D'Alessandro
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, Palermo 90127, Italy.
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Byun SS, Yeo WG, Lee SE, Lee E. Expression of survivin in renal cell carcinomas: association with pathologic features and clinical outcome. Urology 2007; 69:34-7. [PMID: 17270609 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Revised: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression of survivin in renal cell carcinoma and try to define its association with certain pathologic features and the clinical outcome. METHODS The tissue samples from 85 consecutive renal cell carcinoma specimens were obtained from patients who had undergone radical or partial nephrectomy. The mean follow-up was 45 months (range 3 to 60). Immunohistochemical staining of the paraffin sections of the pathologic sample was performed using monoclonal antibody for survivin with the standard avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. The mean expression rate of survivin was assessed by inspection of at least five microscopic fields at 400x magnification. Expression of survivin was considered positive when more than 10% of the cancer cells in the microscopic fields demonstrated immunostaining. The degree of expression of survivin was compared with the clinicopathologic features. RESULTS Survivin was expressed in 67 (79%) of 85 samples. Immunostaining for survivin was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and in vascular endothelial cells. A significant increase in survivin expression was associated with increased T stage (P = 0.044), increased tumor grade (P = 0.0013), and low recurrence-free survival (P = 0.046). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that survivin expression is an independent prognostic parameter (P = 0.021) in renal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that survivin-mediated inhibition of apoptosis is associated with progression and recurrence of renal cell carcinoma. Thus, survivin is a useful independent prognostic marker for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Zhang M, Yang J, Li F. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional controls of survivin in cancer cells: novel approaches for cancer treatment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2006; 25:391-402. [PMID: 17167980 PMCID: PMC2820411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a novel member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, and its aberrant expression in cancer cells has been shown to be associated with tumorigenesis, cancer progression, radiation/drug resistance and shorter patient survival. Survivin is also expressed in certain human adult tissues and cells, and has been shown to play a role in physiology. Interestingly, targeting survivin for cancer treatment did not show obvious toxicity to normal tissues and cells. This suggests that the mechanism for the regulation and function of survivin may actually be different in cancer cells as compared to normal cells. This review intends to summarize the most important information about the transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional controls of survivin in cancer cells. Further studies along this line may find essential interfaces for the development of novel approaches for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhang
- Cancer Institute and School of Life Science & Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Cancer Institute and School of Life Science & Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fengzhi Li
- Cancer Institute and School of Life Science & Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Roswell Park Cancer Institute Elm and Carlton Streets Buffalo, New York 14263 Tel: (716)-845-4398; Fax: (716)-845-8857
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