1
|
C H A, Maddaly R. Applications of Premature Chromosome Condensation technique for genetic analysis. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 94:105736. [PMID: 37984482 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic techniques are used to detect aberrations in the genetic material and such techniques have a wide range of applications including for disease diagnosis, drug discovery and for the detection and quantification of mutagenic exposures. Although different types of cytogenetic techniques are in use, the Premature Chromosome Condensation (PCC) is one which is unique by virtue of it not requiring culture of peripheral blood mononucleate cells (PBMNCs) to detect chromatid and chromosomal aberrations. Such an advantage is useful in situations where rapid assessments of genetic damage is required, for example, during radiation exposures. PCC utilizes condensation of interphase chromatin by either biological or chemical means. The most widely used application of PCC is for biodosimetry. However, the rapidness of aberration detection has made PCC a useful technique for other applications such as for cancer diagnosis, drug-induced genotoxicity and preimplantation or assisted reproductive techniques. Also, PCC can be utilized for understanding the fundamental cellular mechanisms involved in chromatin condensation and chromosome morphologies. We present here the various approaches to obtain PCC, its applications and the endpoints which are used while using PCC as a cytogenetic technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali C H
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - Ravi Maddaly
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ran Y, Wang R, Hasan M, Jia Q, Tang B, Shan S, Deng Y, Qing H. Radioprotective effects of dragon's blood and its extracts on radiation-induced myelosuppressive mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:624-634. [PMID: 24814319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dragon׳s blood, a traditional Chinese herb, has been used to "panacea of blood activating" and its major biological activity appears to be from phenolic compounds. In this study, our research aims to examine the effects of Dragon׳s blood (DB) and its extracts (DBE) on radiation-induced myelosuppressive mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult BALB/C mice were exposed to the whole body irradiation with 4 Gy (60)Co γ-rays. DB and DBE were respectively administered orally for 5 constitutive days prior to irradiation treatment. The radioprotective effects and relevant mechanisms of DB and DBE in radiation-induced bone marrow injury were investigated by ex vivo examination. RESULTS We found that the administration of DB and DBE significantly increased the numbers of peripheral blood cells and colony forming unit of bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cells. Interestingly, compared with the irradiation group, the administration of DB and DBE significantly decreased the levels of the inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ and oxidative stress injury such as SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA in serum of mice. Furthermore, DBE markedly improved the morphology of bone marrow histopathology. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that DB and DBE effectively attenuate radiation-induced damage in bone marrow, which is likely associated with the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of DB and DBE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ran
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Ran Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Qiutian Jia
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Bo Tang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shuangquan Shan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ravi M, Nivedita K, Pai GM. Chromatin condensation dynamics and implications of induced premature chromosome condensation. Biochimie 2013; 95:124-33. [PMID: 23079335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell cycle is a dynamic process with sequential events that culminate in cell division. Several physiological activities occur in the cytoplasm and nucleus during each of the cell cycle phases which help in doubling of genetic content, organized arrangement of the duplicated genetic material and perfect mechanism for its equal distribution to the two daughter cells formed. Also, the cell cycle checkpoints ensure that the genetic material is devoid of damages thus ensuring unaltered transmission of genetic information. Two important phenomena occurring during the cell cycle are the DNA condensation and decondensation cycles in the nucleus along with the cyclic expression and functioning of certain specific proteins that help in the same. Several protein families including Cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases, condensins, cohesins and surivins ensure error free, stage specific DNA condensation and decondensation by their highly specific, controlled orchestrated presence and action. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of chromatin compaction towards formation of the structural units, the chromosomes, give us valuable insights into the cellular physiology and also direct us to techniques such as premature chromosome condensation. The techniques of inducing 'prophasing' of interphase cells are undergoing rapid advances which have multidimensional applications for basic research and direct applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maddaly Ravi
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xin N, Li YJ, Li X, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang X, Dai RJ, Meng WW, Wang HL, Ma H, Schläppi M, Deng YL. Dragon's blood may have radioprotective effects in radiation-induced rat brain injury. Radiat Res 2012; 178:75-85. [PMID: 22686864 DOI: 10.1667/rr2739.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dragon's blood is a bright red resin obtained from Dracaena cochinchinensis. It is a traditional medicinal that is used for wound healing and to stop bleeding. Its main biological activity appears to be from phenolic compounds found in Dragon's blood. In this study, the radioprotective effects of Dragon's blood were examined after whole brain irradiation of rats with either 100 MeV/u Carbon (12)C(6+) heavy ions or (60)Co γ-rays. The amounts of radiation-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis in irradiated rat brains were compared with and without Dragon's blood treatment. Compared to the "irradiation only" control group, the Dragon's blood treatment group significantly decreased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels, and increased superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels induced by oxidative stress in radiation exposed rats (P < 0.05). Dragon's blood also significantly reduced radiation-induced inflammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and interleukin-6 levels (P < 0.05) and inhibited hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in (60)Co γ-ray irradiated rats. Furthermore, Dragon's blood significantly increased expression of brain-derived neurophic factor and inhibited the expression of pro-apoptotic caspase 3 (P < 0.05-0.01). Finally, Dragon's blood significantly inhibited expression of the AP-1 transcription factor family members c-fos and c-jun proteins (P < 0.05-0.01). The results obtained here suggest that Dragon's blood has radioprotective properties in rat brains after both heavy ions and (60)Co γ-ray exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nian Xin
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Avoid online radiation risk: Theoretical simulation of chromosome breaks in cells exposed to heavy ions. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2011.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
6
|
Hennequin C, Quero L, Rivera S. Radiosensibilité des cancers du foie. Cancer Radiother 2011; 15:39-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
7
|
Jacob P, Walsh L, Eidemüller M. Modeling of cell inactivation and carcinogenesis in the atomic bomb survivors with applications to the mortality from all solid, stomach and liver cancer. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2008; 47:375-388. [PMID: 18481074 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-008-0169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The two-stage clonal expansion (TSCE) model of carcinogenesis has been applied to cancer mortality data from the atomic bomb survivors, to examine the possible influence of radiation-induced cell inactivation on excess relative risk (ERR) and excess absolute risk (EAR) estimates. Cell survival curve forms being either conventional or allowing for low-dose hypersensitivity (LDH) were investigated. Quality-of-fit tests for non-nested models were used in comparisons with the types of empirical risk models applied at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) in Hiroshima. In general the TSCE model was found to represent the data more economically (i.e., with fewer parameters for a similarly good description of the data) than the empirical risk model. However, the data are not strong enough to give a clear preference to one of the very different model types used. Central ERR and EAR estimates (at 1 Sv, for age at exposure 30 and age attained 70) from TSCE and empirical models were in good agreement with each other and with previously published estimates. However, the TSCE models including radiation-induced cell inactivation resulted in a lower estimate of the relative risk at young ages at exposure (0-15 years) than the empirical model. Also the TSCE model allowing for radiation-induced cell inactivation with a conventional cell survival curve resulted at 0.2 Sv in significantly lower risk estimates than the model with LDH. These model differences have been used here to suggest risk estimates which include model uncertainty as well as the usual statistical uncertainty. Model uncertainties were small for central estimates and larger for other values of the variables. Applying the proposed method to excess risk for all solid cancer at 1 Sv, age at exposure 10 and age attained 70, results in total uncertainty ranges that are wider than the pure statistical uncertainty range by about 30% for both ERR and EAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jacob
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
A method on theoretical simulation of chromosome breaks in cells exposed to heavy ions. Radiol Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.2478/v10019-007-0036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
|
9
|
Wang XG, Revskaya E, Bryan RA, Strickler HD, Burk RD, Casadevall A, Dadachova E. Treating cancer as an infectious disease--viral antigens as novel targets for treatment and potential prevention of tumors of viral etiology. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1114. [PMID: 17971877 PMCID: PMC2040508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nearly 20% of human cancers worldwide have an infectious etiology with the most prominent examples being hepatitis B and C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma and human papilloma virus-associated cervical cancer. There is an urgent need to find new approaches to treatment and prevention of virus-associated cancers. Methodology/Principal Findings Viral antigens have not been previously considered as targets for treatment or prevention of virus-associated cancers. We hypothesized that it was possible to treat experimental HPV16-associated cervical cancer (CC) and Hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by targeting viral antigens expressed on cancer cells with radiolabeled antibodies to viral antigens. Treatment of experimental CC and HCC tumors with 188Re-labeled mAbs to E6 and HBx viral proteins, respectively, resulted in significant and dose-dependent retardation of tumor growth in comparison with untreated mice or mice treated with unlabeled antibodies. Conclusions/Significance This strategy is fundamentally different from the prior uses of radioimmunotherapy in oncology, which targeted tumor-associated human antigens and promises increased specificity and minimal toxicity of treatment. It also raises an exciting possibility to prevent virus-associated cancers in chronically infected patients by eliminating cells infected with oncogenic viruses before they transform into cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Ekaterina Revskaya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Ruth A. Bryan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Howard D. Strickler
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert D. Burk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fernandes BF, Odashiro AN, Saraiva VS, Logan P, Antecka E, Burnier MN. Immunohistochemical expression of melan-A and tyrosinase in uveal melanoma. J Carcinog 2007; 6:6. [PMID: 17445277 PMCID: PMC1864985 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3163-6-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melan-A and tyrosinase are new immunohistochemical markers that can be used in the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between radiotherapy or clinicohistopathological parameters and the expression of melan-A and tyrosinase in uveal melanoma. Methods Thirty-six enucleated cases of uveal melanoma were studied. The formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies against melan-A and tyrosinase. The samples were classified as either positive or negative. The chi-square or the Student-t tests were used to test for the correlation of the expression rates of melan-A and tyrosinase with clinico-pathological parameters. Results Melan-A and tyrosinase were positive in 33 (91.7%) and 35 (97.2%) of the specimens, respectively. There was no significant association between the expression of melan-A or tyrosinase and radiotherapy or any clinico-pathological parameter. All specimens were positive for at least one of the immunohistochemical markers. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge this is the first study concluding that the expression of melanocytic markers such as melan-A and tyrosinase is not influenced by radiotherapy or any clinico-pathological parameter. Moreover, when tyrosinase and melan-A are used together, 100% of the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded uveal melanoma samples tested positive for one of those markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F Fernandes
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pathology, The McGill University Health Center & Henry C, Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre N Odashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pathology, The McGill University Health Center & Henry C, Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vinicius S Saraiva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pathology, The McGill University Health Center & Henry C, Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Canada
| | - Patrick Logan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pathology, The McGill University Health Center & Henry C, Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emilia Antecka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pathology, The McGill University Health Center & Henry C, Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Canada
| | - Miguel N Burnier
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pathology, The McGill University Health Center & Henry C, Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jianshe Y, Wenjian L, Xiaodong J, Xigang J, Chuanling G, Wei W, Qingxiang G. Survival and initial chromatid breakage in normal and tumour cells exposed in vitro to gamma rays and carbon ions at the HIRFL. Br J Radiol 2006; 79:518-21. [PMID: 16714755 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/99734289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human hepatoma and normal liver cells were irradiated with (12)C(6+) ion beams (linear energy transfer (LET) = 96 keV microm(-1)) and gamma-rays at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). The numbers and types of chromatid breaks were detected using the premature chromosome condensation technique. Irradiation with (12)C(6+) ions produced a majority of isochromatid break types, while chromatid breaks were dominant for irradiation with gamma-rays. Experimental results showed that the initial level of chromatid breaks is clearly related to the absorbed dose from (12)C(6+) ions and gamma-rays. The (12)C(6+) ions are relatively more effective at inducing initial chromatid breaks when compared with the gamma-rays. A relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of about 2.5 resulted for the induction of initial chromatid breaks by (12)C(6+) ions relative to gamma-rays in both cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Jianshe
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang ZZ, Li WJ, Zhang H, Yang JS, Qiu R, Wang X. Comparison of clonogenic assay with premature chromosome condensation assay in prediction of human cell radiosensitivity. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:2601-5. [PMID: 16688809 PMCID: PMC4087996 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i16.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine whether the number of non-rejoining G2-chromatid breaks can predict the radiosensitivity of human cell lines.
METHODS: Cell lines of human ovary carcinoma cells (HO8910), human hepatoma cells (HepG2) and liver cells (L02) were irradiated with a range of doses and assessed both of cell survival and non-rejoining G2-chromatid breaks at 24 h after irradiation. Cell survival was documented by a colony assay. Non-rejoining G2-chromatid breaks were measured by counting the number of non-rejoining G2 chromatid breaks at 24 h after irradiation, detected by the prematurely chromosome condensed (PCC) technique.
RESULTS: A linear-quadratic survival curve was observed in three cell lines, and HepG2 was the most sensitive to γ-radiation. A dose-dependent linear increase was observed in radiation-induced non-rejoining G2-PCC breaks measured at 24 h after irradiation in all cell lines, and HepG2 was the most susceptible to induction of non-rejoining G2-PCC breaks. A close correlation was found between the clonogenic radiosensitivity and the radiation-induced non-rejoining G2-PCC breaks (r = 0.923). Furthermore, survival-aberration correlations for two or more than two doses lever were also significant.
CONCLUSION: The number of non-rejoining G2 PCC breaks holds considerable promise for predicting the radiosensitivity of normal and tumor cells when two or more than two doses lever is tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan-Zi Wang
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang J, Li W, Jin X, Jing X, Guo C, Wei W, Gao Q. Radiobiological response of human hepatoma and normal liver cells exposed to carbon ions generated by Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11433-005-0180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|